Allocation de ressources distribuée dans les réseaux OFDMA multi-cellulaires

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(1)Allocation de ressources distribuée dans les réseaux OFDMA multi-cellulaires Mylène Pischella. To cite this version: Mylène Pischella. Allocation de ressources distribuée dans les réseaux OFDMA multi-cellulaires. domain_other. Télécom ParisTech, 2009. English. �pastel-00004978�. HAL Id: pastel-00004978 https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004978 Submitted on 13 Aug 2009. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

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(19) Ezio Biglieri Mérouane Debbah. Président Rapporteurs. David Gesbert Mischa Dohler. Examinateurs. Jean-Claude Imbeaux Jean-Claude Belfiore. Directeur de thèse.

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(41) !"#$! %&" '()*)#+ %& ',-"&. +.+. !"#$%&' (' &)*)&)+,-)"* +.)/,*-0 1.) "!-' +.! $'+ 2345 )#$'+ 7 &)*γ k. X. γkl. l∈Θk. +8 -8 B !. X. l∈Θk. +8 -8. γkl. +8 -8. Ekl. Ikl Glk,k. !. log2 (1 + γkl ) ≥ Rk, #$%&. ≥ 0, ∀l ∈ Θk. − ǫ ≥ γkl )9 Ekl τkl ≥ δ, ∀l ∈ Θk. :;8<=. >? Ekl τkl ≥ δ '+- $' !)-%!' ".! @/,$.'! +) $' *)/',. (A)*-'!9@!'* ' '+- +.B+,&&'*- @$'/@ ".! C-!' !)+ '* "& -'0 '- ǫ '+- .*' '-)-' /,$'.! +-!) -'&'*- "+)-)/'8 D' !"#$%&' (A" -)&)+,-)"* '+- "*/'E' '* γ k '- +' !@+".( ,/' $'+ FFG8 H' "*-!$' (' .)++,* ' )-@!,-)9 '+- ("* "& "+@ ('+ 1.,-!' @-, '+ +.)/,*-'+ 7 J8 5*)-),$)+,-)"* 7 -".-'+ $'+ /,$'.!+ +"*- &)+'+ K ;8 L8 5-@!,-)"* ".! (@-'!&)*'! $'+ 2345 )#$'+ 7 ".! M,1.' .-)$)+,-'.!0 '* 9"* -)"* ('+ /,$'.!+ (' .)++,* '+ !'N.'+ K $A)-@!,-)"* !@ @('*-'0 ,$ .$ (' γ k ,O* (' !@+".(!' $' !"#$%&' PQ8 R8 P)+' K S".! ('+ /,$'.!+ (A)*-'!9@!'* ' )*-'!T '$$.$,)!'0 ,/,*- (A,$$'! K $A)-@!,-)"* +.)/,*-' ".! $'+ ,$ .$ ('+ 2345 )#$'+8. 70. Pourcentage d’utilisateurs rejetés. 60. Méthode proposée, delta= 0.001 Méthode proposée, delta= 0.005 Méthode proposée, delta= 0.01 Iterative water−filling, E Iterative water−filling, G. 50. 40. 30. 20. 10. 0 32. 64. 96 128 160 Nombre d’utilisateurs par cellule. 192. 224.

(42) Interférence inter−cellulaire moyenne par sous−porteuse active (dBm). !"#$%" &'# ()*+*$ &' (,-#'. −90 −95 −100. Méthode proposée, delta = 0.001 Méthode proposée, delta = 0.005 Méthode proposée, delta = 0.01 Iterative water−filling, E Iterative water−filling, G. −105 −110 −115 −120 −125 −130 −135 32. 64. 96 128 160 Nombre d’utilisateurs par cellule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nt > ($ .( 5&"=*( '/!5$(55(+ (5 *# ()$0&5 (+$ nr > ($ n !" = "05 {nt , nr }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l l '( )80++!5 ( #980*#)!*$0( +8* $&8+ .(+ P8D7 <..( (+$ #6!.( - Rkl < Rk, #$ &Q Rk, #$ = " l B%& n !" log2 1 + Ek ($ 2. Ekl. l ) gk,k (βk,n = PN#$ !" {n=1,n6=k} gn,k.

(43) !"#$! %&" '()*)#+ %& ',-"&. ++.. l (βk,n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θ (l θ (1) Pk ,Φkk ,..,Φkk. X. l∈Θk. #$,k ). !. Rkl ≥ Rk, !"#$. X. Pkl. l∈Θk. !0"0 Pkl ≥ 0, ∀l ∈ Θk. l l l Rkl ≤ Rk, %&' − ǫ (9 Ek τk ≥ δ, ∀l ∈ Θk. H) '- ," &' <<IJ -"$)" &"(%(!-8 % .-5(" ,$' !2&!4,2'" &!. Rkl = B(). !". n X j=1. DE0FG. !" -*$% 6. 2 log2 1 + ρk dlk,j (λlk,j ). 2K ρk !" % LIM . %>&"(%(!$" &' k " )$)" 27," . %$ !277 . ! ,&(!!$) ! !&' "2&" ! % ! !2&!4,2'" &! !8 dlk,j !" %$ ,&(!!$) )2'7$%(!- . %>&"(%(!$" &' k .$)! %$ !2&!4,2'" &! l ". n o −1/2 l λlk,1 , ..., λlk,n !" !2)" % ! #$% &'! !()*&%(+' ! .& $)$% -;&(#$% )" (Qlk ) Hk,k 8 l l Qk -"$)" %$ 7$"'( . 2#$'($) . %>()" '9-' ) " .& 5'&("8 " Hk,k -"$)" %$ 7$"'( . $)$% .(' " . %>&"(%(!$" &' k 0 % N&@ j 8 ". 1 ,'25%+7 .>2,"(7(!$"(2) !" 2)# @ %> )! 75% . ! LIM ,$' !2&!4,2'" &! ,'- 2.$* 2,"(7$%. " ! '-!2&. $# % ! OOP8 . 9$:2) -;&(#$% )" !&'. " ,$' N&@8 ρk dθk (1) , ..., ρk dθk (l#$,k ) 0 1$ 7$"'( .. . !" $()!( 25" )& ,$' Q$" '4?%%()* !&' % ! !2&!4,2'" &! ! " !&' % ! N&@8. ) " )$)" 27," . %$ 2)"'$()" . 2)# '* ) .& 2)"'% . ,&(!!$) 0 R$)! % . &@(+7 $! DSIAP !"$"(!"(;& G8 2) .-" '7() &). @,' !!(2) $)$%T"(;& $,4. ,'2 B- . %$ $,$ ("- .>2&"$* 8 ;&( !" 92) "(2) .& LIM " . %$ ,'25$5(%("- .>2&"$* 0 1$ ,'25$5(%("- .>2&"$* .& $)$% <A<U L$T% (*B y = Hx + n !" C. P*+, = P 2K ρ !" % LIM8 " {λi }{1≤i≤n. !"}. !" . nY. i=1. ρ 1 + λi 2 nt. . C. <2. !. !2)" % ! #$% &'! !()*&%(+' ! .& $)$% H8 " C !" % .-5("8. ) 5("! ,$' &"(%(!$"(2) . $)$%0 1$ $,$ ("- .>2&"$* ,2&' &) ,'25$5(%("- .>2&"$* (5%. P*+,- !"#$ !" .-?)( 277 % .-5(" C 7$@(7&7 , '7 ""$)" .>$"" ().' &) ,'25$5(%(".>2&"$* P*+, ≤ P*+,- !"#$ 0 1$ 92'7&% $)$%T"(;& ' B ' B- .2(" V"' 2) $# ) % LIM8 $?) .> @,'(7 ' % ,'25%+7 .>$%%2 $"(2) . ,&(!!$) ! <$'*() =.$,"(# 277 &) ,'25%+7. .>2,"(7(!$"(2) 2)# @ 0 H) 52') !&,-'( &' !&' %$ $,$ ("- .>2&"$* . %>()-*$%("- )"' % ! 72T )) ! $'("B7-"(;& $,$ ("- .>2&"$*. !" 25" )&. !" 25" )& 6 ,$'"('. " *-27-"'(;& 0 H) 52') ()9-'( &' !&' %$. ) ) " )$)" 27," ;& . %$ "'$ .$)! %$ 92'7&% . %$.

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(45) !"#$! %&" '()*)#+ %& ',-"&. ++.... 12. Cout (bits/utilisation de canal). 10. 8. Pout=0.1, Monte Carlo Pout=0.1, Approximation Gaussienne Pout=0.1, Approximation proposée Pout=0.01, Monte Carlo Pout=0.01, Approximation Gaussienne Pout=0.01, Approximation proposée Pout=0.001, Monte Carlo Pout=0.001, Approximation Gaussienne Pout=0.001, Approximation proposée. 6. 4. 2. 0 −15. −10. −5. 0. 5 SNR (dB). 10. 15. 20. 25. 10 9. Cout (bits/utilisation de canal). 8 7. Monte Carlo (2,2) Approximation proposée (2,2) Monte Carlo (3,3) Approximation proposée (3,3) Monte Carlo (4,4) Approximation proposée (4,4). 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 −15. −10. −5. 0. 5 10 SNR (dB). 15. 20. 25. 30. ! "#$%& !((! )*+,$#! "!+,!( -.!/"+0,!+ #1 1"1 0(2 -.*$(13! "*$+ $4! "+*5150#0(2 -.*$(13! -*442! *,,! $4! )*4 (0*4 *4 16! -$ 789& !( #! "+*5#:,! ;< -!60!4( 1#*+% $4 "+*5#:,! -.*"(0,0%1(0*4 *46!/!= >4 !4 -2-$0( $4! ,2(?*-! -! *4(+#! -! "$0%%14 ! 0(2+1(06! A$0 04 #$( #! +0(:+! -! *46!+3!4 ! B -0%(+05$2 %$0614( C Ek =. f (P !" )gk,k PN ! n#$% {n=1,n6=k} gn,k. DE=FG. H! +0(:+! !%( *5(!4$ !4 4! (!414( *,"(! A$! #1 5*+4! %$"2+0!$+! %$+ #1 1"1 0(2 -.*$(13!=.

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ourcentage d’utilisateurs rejetés. 80. Rcible = 384 kbits/s, Méthode proposée Rcible = 384kbits/s, Iterative water−filling Rcible = 256 kbits/s, Méthode proposée Rcible = 256 kbits/s, Iterative water−filling. 70 60 50 40 30 20 10. Interférence inter−cellulaire moyenne par sous−porteuse active (dBm). 0 32. 64. 96 128 160 Nombre d’utilisateurs par cellule. 192. 224. −80. −90. −100. −110. −120. Rcible = 384 kbits/s, Méthode proposée Rcible = 384kbits/s, Iterative water−filling Rcible = 256 kbits/s, Méthode proposée Rcible = 256 kbits/s, Iterative water−filling. −130. −140 32. 64. 96 128 160 Nombre d’utilisateurs par cellule. 192. 224.

(47) !"#$! %&" '()*)#+ %& ',-"&. ++*. 100. Pourcentage d’utilisateurs rejetés (%). 90 80 70. Pout=0.1, Méthode proposée Pout=0.1, Iterative water−filling Pout=0.01, Méthode proposée Pout=0.01, Iterative water−filling Pout=0.001, Méthode proposée Pout=0.001, Iterative water−filling. 60 50 40 30 20 10. Interférence inter−cellulaire active par sous−porteuse (dBm). 0 32. 64. 96 128 160 Nombre d’utilisateurs par cellule. 192. 224. −95. −100. −105. −110. −115. Pout=0.1, Méthode proposée Pout=0.1, Iterative water−filling Pout=0.01, Méthode proposée Pout=0.01, Iterative water−filling Pout=0.001, Méthode proposée Pout=0.001, Iterative water−filling. −120. −125. −130 32. 64. 96 128 160 Nombre d’utilisateurs par cellule. 192. 224. !"#$%&' ( ) *"+$,$-"%$./ 0' 1" -.,,' 0'- 023$%- #./02&2- 0"/- 1'- &2-'"4+ ,41%$) '1141"$&'!"# % &!'()*%+ ," #-(").*%##% / 0-!00, !)(," 1% *%##,2* %# ',2* 0%# 2)(0(#!)%2*# 34 1!"# 0%# *.#%!25 67 89 :20)(; %0020!(*%#< =,2* %# 2)(0(#!)%2*#+ 2" ,>?% )(@ 1% A1B ',##(>0% ,"#(#)% / .C()%* D2% 1%# '!D2%)# "% #,(%") '%*12# 1!"# 0% >2E%*+ % D2( !**(C% 0,*#D2% 0%# F0%# 1-!))%")% 1.'!##%") 0%2* )!(00% :!5(:!0%< G% '*,>0H:% 1% 0! :!5(:(#!)(," 1% 0! #,::% 1%# 1.>()# ',"1.*.# IJBK8L+ ,M 0% ',(1# 1% &!D2% 2)(0(#!)%2* %#) '*,',*)(,""%0 /.

(48) !" !. #$%&'$ ()% *+,!,& () *-.%). "#$%&%' (& )! * & (+!,,&#,&- &), %# "/0'"/1) &#,'&. (341,)- &,. +35%1 14'!$& (&). (& 0!5%&,)7 8. )+3 '1, (&. /!2. )7 ,7. {P,Θ} L ! X. "C. wk. &),. KN X. wk Rk. <=7>?. k=1. Pnl " ≤ P. !" , ∀n#$ ∈ {1, ..., N#$ }. Pnl " ≥ 0, ∀(n#$ , l) ∈ {1, ..., N#$ } × {1, ..., L$% }. Θk ∩ Θk′ = ∅, ∀(k, k′ ),. )7,7. & 0"1() (&. +%,1 1)!,&%'. )&'61) 0!'. , k 6= k ′. ! /@/& AB. k7. D*# (& '3)"%('& & 0'"4 E/& FBGH- "# )+1#,3'&))& (+!4"'( I. ! '3$1"# (& !0! 1,3 (% !#!. I 1#,&'93'&# &) !6& (&%2 %,1 1)!,&%')7 J#& !'! ,3'1)!,1"# )1/0 & (&) !) "C )1/% ,!#3& (&) (&%2 %,1 1)!,&%') &), 0 %) &K ! & 5%& /!21/1)&'. ! )"//& (&). ! 9!:"# )%16!#,& ;. l=1. )7 ,7. ! /!21/1)!,1"# (&. "#$%&%') (&) * &) (+!,,&#,&- #3 &))!1'& 0"%' 361,&' ,"%,& 0&',&. ! ,'!#)/1))1"#. &%' ,'!#)/1))1"# &# )35%&# & 0"%'. ! )"//& (&) (341,) 0"#(3'3) &), "4,&#%&7. L & (30&#( (&. ! "#6&21,3 (&. !. '3$1"# (& !0! 1,3- &, (&) 0"1() '& !,19) (& M!5%& %,1 1)!,&%'7 N1O3'&#,) &2&/0 &) (& '3$1"#) (& !0! 1,3- "#6&2&) "% "# !6&)- )"#, '&0'3)&#,3) )%'. ! *$%'& )%16!#,&7. 25. 25 f1(R2) f2(R1). f1(R2) f2(R1). Région de capacité, cas équilibré(cas 2). 20. 20. 15. 15. R2 (bits/s/Hz). R2 (bits/s/Hz). Région de capacité limitée par l’interférence (cas 1). 10. 5. 10. 5. Région de capacité. Région de capacité 0 0. 5. 10. 15. 20. 0 0. 25. 5. 10. R1 (bits/s/Hz). 25. 25. f1(R2) f2(R1). Région de capacité asymétrique (cas 4) 20. 15. R2 (bits/s/Hz). R2 (bits/s/Hz). 20. 25 f1(R2) f2(R1). Région de capacité limitée par la puissance (cas 3). 20. 10. 5. 15 R1 (bits/s/Hz). Région de capacité. 15. 10. 5 Région de capacité. 0 0. 5. 10. 15. 20. 0 0. 25. 5. R1 (bits/s/Hz). 8. &), (3/"#,'3 5%&. 15. 20. R1 (bits/s/Hz). ! )"//& (&) (341,) 0"#(3'3) &), 0 %) 3 &63&. ,1"#) (& 4!)& ,'!#)/&,,&#, 5%&. 10. "')5%&. "')5%&. +%#& (&) (&%2 #& ,'!#)/&, 0!)- )"%). &) (&%2 ),!P &) "#(1,1"#). )%16!#,&) ;. Ak,n ≥ 0, An,k ≥ 0, Ak,n &, mn Ak,n ≥ 0 &), ! "C. (30&#(&#, (&) $!1#)- (& "#(1,1"# 0"%'. wk ≥ mn wn. !#(. wn ≥ mk wk. ! 0%1))!# & /!21/! & 0!' & % & &, (% 4'%1,7. ! 9"# ,1"#. fn -. 5%1 !'! ,3'1)&. ! (30&#(!# & (% (341, (&. 25.

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(50) !""". #$%&'$ ()% *+,!,& () *-.%). !"#$%&' ()" *+&+,-*+". ',* /. !"#$%&' (' !"0!-&&-*+". 01"&1*!+2/'3 2/+ ',* 12/+4-$'.* 5 /. !"#$%&' ()" *+&+,-*+". ".4'7'8 9- &1*:"(' +*1!-*+4' /*+$+,1' ".4'!0' .1 ',,-+!'; &'.* 4'!, $)" *+&/& 0$"#-$ (' ' !"#$%&'8 9' ".*!$' (' /+,,-. ' '. ('/7 1*- ', 2/' ."/, !" ","., ',* (". ,"/,;" *+&-$3 &-+, +$ ',* *"*-$'&'.* (+,*!+#/18 =', ,+&/$-*+"., ./&1!+2/', ,/! $' -.-$ 5 +.*'!>1!'. ' &".*!'.* 2/' $', !1,/$*-*, "#*'./, -4' ."*!' &1*:"(' '* -4' $- &1*:"(' " *+&-$'3 2/+ !'2/+'!* /.' 0',*+". *"*-$'&'.* '.; *!-$+,1'3 ,".* *!%, ,+&+$-+!',3 ' 2/+ 4-$+(' ."*!' - !" :'8. Graphe SC + PC Graphe SC, NOPC 2Phases PC Binary PA. Somme pondérée des débits (kbits/s). 4500. 4000. 3500. 3000. 2500. 2000. 1500 16. 20. 24 28 Nombre d’utilisateurs par cellule. 32. 36. 1000. Longueur moyenne de la file d’attente par utilisateur après 1000 TTI (kbits). 900 BS0, Graphe SC + PC BS0, Graphe SC, NOPC BS0, 2Phases PC BS0, PA binaire BS1, Graphe SC + PC BS1, Graphe SC, NOPC BS1, 2Phases PC BS1, PA binaire BS2, Graphe SC + PC BS2, Graphe SC, NOPC BS2, 2Phases PC BS2, PA binaire. 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 8. 12. 16. 20. 24 28 32 36 Nombre d’utilisateurs par cellule. ?.@.3 $)-$$" -*+". (' ,"/,; "!*'/,', '* $' ".*!$' (' /+,,-. '3 /*+$+,1, ".A"+.*'&'.* "/ ,1 -!1&'.*3 ,".* *',*1, -4' (', ,+&/$-*+"., ./&1!+2/', (B.-&+2/',8 =-., ', ,+&/$-*+".,3.