From a Crossroad to a Gateway City: Case of Setif and its Connections, Algeria

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(1)Available online at www.sciencedirect.com. ScienceDirect Procedia Environmental Sciences 37 (2017) 356 – 362. ,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFH±*UHHQ8UEDQLVP*8. )URPD&URVVURDGWRD*DWHZD\&LW\ &DVHRI6HWLIDQGLWV&RQQHFWLRQV$OJHULD 'LDIDW$EGHUUDKPDQHD 7DFKHULIW$EGHOPDOHNDEDQG0DGDQL6DLGD a. Laboratoire PUViT, Université F. A. Sétif 1, Algeria b Université Mohamed Boudiaf, M’Sila, Algeria. $EVWUDFW +HUHLQLVSUHVHQWHGRQHRIWKHPDLQJDWHZD\FLWLHVLQ$OJHULDDQGLWVNH\HOHPHQWV*UHHQXUEDQLVPIXQGDPHQWDOVPD\LPSURYH HQYLURQPHQWDOSHUIRUPDQFHLIFRQVLGHUHGLQHDUO\VWDJHVRIXUEDQGHVLJQ $VDFURVVURDG6HWLILVDJDWHZD\FLW\WRWKH(DVWHUQ+LJKODQGV7KHPRWRUZD\DQG$LUSRUWDUHDPRQJPDQ\IDFWRUVWKDWPDGHRI LWDQDWLRQDOWUDGHFHQWUH7ZR³JUHHQ´FDPSXVHVDWWKHHDVWDQGZHVWJDWHZD\VZLOOEHFRQQHFWHGE\WKHWUDPWKURXJKWKHFLW\ FHQWHU$QHZSURMHFWZLOOSURYLGHKHFWDUHVIRUWKHIXWXUHLQGXVWULDOLQYHVWRUV:RUWK\HIIRUWVWKRXJKHQYLURQPHQWDQG VXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWUHPDLQDJUHDWFKDOOHQJH © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license 7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU%9 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI*8 Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of GU 2016. Keywords:*DWHZD\FLW\&URVVURDG(DVWHUQ+LJKODQGV&RQQHFWLRQV6XVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQW6HWLI. ,QWURGXFWLRQ 7KLVUHVHDUFKZRUNDLPVWRSUHVHQWRQHRIWKHPDLQJDWHZD\FLWLHVLQ$OJHULDDQGWKHNH\HOHPHQWVEHKLQGWKLV UROH7KHORFDO$XWKRULWLHVLQ6HWLIDUHZLOOLQJWRUHLQIRUFHWKLV0HWURSROLVRIWKRXVDQGLQKDELWDQWV0DQ\QHZ SURMHFWVDUHWRIDFHWKHJURZLQJORFDODQGLQFRPLQJGHPDQG,PSURYLQJHQYLURQPHQWDOSHUIRUPDQFHVHHPVSRVVLEOH WKURXJKJUHHQXUEDQLVPIXQGDPHQWDOVFRQVLGHUHGLQHDUO\VWDJHVRIXUEDQGHVLJQ . &RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HOID[ E-mail address:D]]RX]BGLDIDW#\DKRRIU. . 1878-0296 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of GU 2016 doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.001.

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(4) HVSHFLDOO\ WKDW RQ )ULGD\ ZLWK WKHLU FURZGV IURP HOVHZKHUH FRQILUP LWV OHDGLQJ UDQN RQ WKH VRFLRHFRQRPLF OHYHO :H VKRXOG SRLQW RXW WKDW WKURXJKRXW KLVWRU\ DQG GXULQJWKH5RPDQSHULRG6HWLIZDVDQHQRUPRXVGRPHVWLFPDUNHWDQGSOD\HGWKHUROHRIWUDQVLWFLW\XQWLOLWVGHFOLQH GXULQJFHQWXULHVODWHU,QDGGLWLRQWRWKHIHUWLOHIDUPODQGVXUURXQGLQJVXFKDVLWH6HWLIEHFRPHVQRZDQLQGXVWULDODQG DFDGHPLFSROHDPDMRUFRPPHUFLDOFHQWUHDFLW\RIFXOWXUHDQGVSRUWV7RGD\LWVSRSXODWLRQLVRYHUWKRXVDQG LQKDELWDQWVDQGLWFRYHUVDOPRVWKHFWDUHV+RZHYHUVHYHUDOGHYHORSPHQWSURMHFWVQRZDGD\VSD\OLWWOHDWWHQWLRQ WRVXVWDLQDELOLW\DQGUDWLRQDOXVHRIQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHV &DPERULHX[ VKRZV KRZ WKH SRSXODWLRQ RI 6HWLI JUHZ GXULQJ WKH ILUVW KDOI RI WKH WZHQWLHWK FHQWXU\ DQG ZURWH Located some 130 kilometres west of Constantine and by the early twentieth century a crossroads for regional trade, Setif experienced a period of great economic and demographic growth after the First World War. In the thirties, it was an urban community of just over thirty thousand residents, growing to 53 thousand towards the end of the fifties and to 96 thousand just before Algerian Independence in 1962. ,Q6HWLIVRPHSRVLWLYHXUEDQVSDFHVDUHRIIHULQJEHWWHUFRQGLWLRQVIRUDVXVWDLQDEOHHQYLURQPHQWDQGPDUNLQJWKH FRQWHPSRUDU\ KLVWRU\ RI WKH FLW\ VHH ILJ

(5) VXFK DV WKH SXEOLF JDUGHQV GDWLQJ EDFN WR WKH FRORQLDO SHULRG RU WKH ³&LWDGHO´DPXVHPHQWSDUNWKDWRFFXSLHGWKHDQFLHQWVLWHRIWKHPLOLWDU\FDPSLQWKH¶V 'XULQJWKHILUVWFHQWXU\RIWKH)UHQFKRFFXSDWLRQDUHJXODUVKDSHWUDFHGWKHSHULPHWHURIWKH LQWUDPXURV FLW\LQ RUGHUWRSURYLGHWKHVDPHUHJXODULW\IRUWKHVLWHOD\RXWDQGVWUHHWVSDWWHUQ$FFRUGLQJWR0DOYHUWLDQG3LFDUGWKLVLV KRZ6HWLIFOHDUO\VKRZV³the importance of the walls as a program element of the city where ordinance and marked tracks on the territory are closely put together to define the limits between rural and urban space´ 7KHVLJQLILFDQWXUEDQH[SDQVLRQRI6HWLILVGXHWRWKHFUHDWLRQRIPDMRUSURMHFWVVXFKDVPHQWLRQHGE\'LDIDWDQG 0DGDQL³the two new university campuses, sports centre and medical complex, the huge public investment in and provision of services, and the emergence of new secondary urban centers” .

(6) 358. Diafat Abderrahmane et al. / Procedia Environmental Sciences 37 (2017) 356 – 362. )LJ&LW\&HQWUHRI6HWLIYLHZIURPWKHVN\. 7KHUHMXYHQDWLRQRIXUEDQVSDFHVEHFRPHVDSURPLVLQJH[SHULHQFHFRQWULEXWLQJVRFLDOO\HFRQRPLFDOO\SK\VLFDOO\ DQGDHVWKHWLFDOO\WRUHJHQHUDWHWKHORFDOXUEDQHQYLURQPHQWDQGOHLVXUHDFWLYLW\7KHVXVWDLQDEOHXUEDQGHYHORSPHQW SURYLGHVFLW\GHVLJQHUVZLWKFULWHULDRIVRFLDODQGHFRORJLFDOUDWLRQDOLW\WKDWDUHGLIIHUHQWIURPWKRVHDYDLODEOHLQWKH PDUNHW &RQVHTXHQWO\ WKH FRQFHSW RI VXVWDLQDELOLW\ EHFRPHV WKH NH\VWRQH RI WKH XUEDQ GHYHORSPHQW SURFHVV 7KH IDFW WKDW WKH FLW\ FURVVHG WKHOued Bousselam YDOOH\ LQ WKH :HVWVLGH WR H[SDQG RQ WKH RSSRVLWH ULYHUVLGH FDQ EH FRQVLGHUHGDVDJRRGRSSRUWXQLW\WRSURPRWHWKHJUHHQHU\ZKHUHYHULWLVLQWKHWRZQ +RZHYHUWKHODQGVFDSHKDVWKLVDELOLW\WRSOD\WKHUROHRIDFHQWUDOOHYHURIHGXFDWLRQ,WLVWLPHWRDGYRFDWHWKDW WKHLVVXHRIODQGVFDSHLVEH\RQGWKHZRUOGRIDJULFXOWXUHDQGEHFRPHVDQDWLRQDOGXW\DQGWKDWWKHODQGVFDSHLVQRW FRQILQHGWRWKHJDUGHQEXWFDQIRFXVRQPDMRUVRFLDOSUREOHPVRIRXUWLPH,WPXVWSURPRWHDSKLORVRSK\RISXEOLF VSDFH$OVRWKHODQGVFDSHZRXOGEHZHOOSODFHGWRFRQVHUYHRSHQVSDFH 6WUHQJWKVDQGRSSRUWXQLWLHV $VUHIHUUHGWRLQWKH1DWLRQDO5HSRUWRQ+RXVLQJIRUWKH&RQIHUHQFHRQ+RXVLQJ+DELWDW,,,LQThe efforts of the state are moving towards a diversified emerging economy that creates employment and wealth and that relies on a performance strategy and an inclusive and equitable sustainable development. As such, the intention is to strengthen the investment in job-creating sectors such as agriculture, industry, tourism and crafts and to promote the development of small and medium enterprises in order to improve the growth rate and maintain a downward trend in the unemployment rate, especially among young people and graduates. $WWKHRFFDVLRQRIKLVQHZSRVWLQWKHSUHVLGHQWRIWKH5HJLRQDO'HOHJDWLRQIRUWKH+HDGVRI(QWHUSULVHV¶ )RUXP )&()RUXPGHV&KHIG¶(QWUHSULVHV

(7) GHFODUHGWR+XII3RVW$OJpULH³the Wilaya (3URYLQFH) of Setif is on the way to launch the biggest industrial area in the country with 740 hectares´7KLVSURMHFWLVH[SHFWHGWRJLYHDQHZ G\QDPLFIRUWKHORFDOHFRQRP\7KHQHZSUHVLGHQWLVDOVR3UHVLGHQWRIWKH&KDPEHURI&RPPHUFHDQG,QGXVWU\EL Hidhab WKH +LJKODQGV

(8) +H PHQWLRQHG WKDW ³The Wilaya of Setif counts more than 77 thousand merchants, entrepreneurs and industrials´ $OVR WKH Wali OHDUQHG WR +XII3RVW $OJpULH WKDW WKH H[SHFWHG LQYHVWPHQWV ZLOO FUHDWH WKRXVDQG MREV DW WKH PHGLXPWHUPDQGDGGHG³we received 4000 demands of private investment, 600 of them have been agreed and more than 250 concession acts delivered in addition to the 146 investors who already deposited the building permits´.

(9) Diafat Abderrahmane et al. / Procedia Environmental Sciences 37 (2017) 356 – 362. ,Q KLV RFFDVLRQDO VSHHFK WKH )&( 3UHVLGHQW +DGGDG HYRNHG WKH JUHDW RSSRUWXQLWLHV RI 6HWLI DV ³an industrial Metropolis, having a predominant position among the Eastern Highlands Provinces and its activity impacts the whole region´ +H DGGHG WKDW 6HWLI LV ³a transit zone, regarding the goods coming from the South, and going through to the ports of Bejaia and Jijel, but also due to its airport connected to the national and international networks´ 7KH VWUDWHJLF SRVLWLRQ RI 6HWLI PDGH RI LW ³a neuralgic centre in logic of territorial animation and attractiveness´ DV LW LV VXUURXQGHG E\ D VHW RI 3URYLQFHV WKDW DUH YHU\ LPSRUWDQW LQ WKH KHDUW RI WKH $OJHULDQ HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\ 7KH QDWLRQDO GDLO\ 1HZVSDSHU EL Watan QRWLFHG WKDW ZLWK WKH WKRXVDQG UHJLVWHUHG VPDOO DQG PHGLXP HQWHUSULVHV 60(V

(10) WKH:LOD\DRI6HWLIKDVLPPHQVXUDEOHDGYDQWDJHVUDQJLQJDVDOHDGLQJUHJLRQDOHFRQRPLFDQG LQGXVWULDO FHQWHU 7KH MRXUQDOLVW %HQLDLFKH ZURWH ³paradoxically, the difficult economic situation currently facing the country did not affect the enthusiasm of the operators of the Setifian Highlands, where the private sector remains the largest creator of jobs and wealth. The Park Mall, which attracted more than 5 million visitors since it opened in February

(11) , is a good example, as are the Compacto Safcer complex, electrical cables plant KPLAST, Iris tire factory and the Cevital group megaproject that will be on service in early 2017, with a production capacity of 8 million units per year and 90 per cent of the products will be for export. This is only a sample of large investments in a region lying with the advent of the East-West Motorway, now only 2 hours of Algiers. For many businessmen, who have chosen to invest, Setif is the new periphery of the Capital”. 7KHKRWHOVVWRFNLVUHLQIRUFHGE\QHZEXVLQHVVKRWHOVVXFKDVWKH,ELVDQG1RYRWHOZLWKDFDSDFLW\RIEHGV DQG VWDUV 0DUULRWW DQ LQWHJUDO SDUW RI 3DUN 0DOO ZLWK EHGV 7KHVH WZR IDFLOLWLHV ZLOO LPSURYH WKH DFFRPPRGDWLRQ FDSDFLW\ RI6HWLI WKDW ZLOO UHDFKEHGV 7KLV LPSRUWDQW IDFWRU LQ DGGLWLRQ WR WKHDLUSRUW DVVHW UHGXFLQJGLVWDQFHVLVDJUHDWVXSSRUWIRUWKHORFDORSHUDWRUVZKRDUHJDLQLQJPDUNHWVKDUHVLQ$IULFD 5HJDUGLQJWKHHQYLURQPHQWDOH[SHFWDWLRQVRIWKHFLW\=RJKELUHSRUWVLQWKH1HZVSDSHUEl MoudjahidWKDW³the urban pattern of the city and these great amenities that will be part of the tram with more than 19,000 square meters of green space that will emerge around and throughout this new line of 15.5 kilometers with no less than 6,622 trees will certainly meet environmental and aesthetic characteristics” $VDPDWWHURIIDFWWKHQH[WSRLQWVVKRXOGEHPHQWLRQHG x 7KHSRVLWLRQDQGWHUULWRULDODVVHUWLRQRI6HWLIDVDQDWWUDFWLYHFLW\DWWKHUHJLRQDOQDWLRQDODQGHYHQ1RUWK$IULFDQ OHYHOFRQIHUVLWDOHDGLQJUROH x 7KHUHIRUHLWLVFDOOHGWREHPRGHUQL]HG,WVKRXOGSURYLGHVSDFHVRI+LJK$UFKLWHFWXUDODQG(QYLURQPHQWDO 4XDOLW\DQGPRGHUQIDFLOLWLHVWKDWPHHWLQWHUQDWLRQDOVWDQGDUGV x 7RPDNHWKHQHZH[SDQVLRQDUHDVDVLQWHJUDWHGXUEDQIDEULFVWKHILUVWDFWRISODQQLQJLVWRLGHQWLI\WKHPDMRU VWUXFWXUDOZD\VH[WHQGDQGXVHWKHPDVSDWKDQFKRUIRUWKHXUEDQSURMHFWVDQGGLVVHPLQDWHWKHFRQFHSWRIXUEDQ PL[XVH x 5HJDUGLQJWKHJURZLQJLQGXVWULDODFWLYLW\WKHUHLVDQHHGWRDVVHVVWKHYXOQHUDELOLW\RI6HWLIWRZQWRWKH HQYLURQPHQWDOULVNV 7KHWilayaRI6HWLIKDVWRPHHWWKHQDWLRQDOWHUULWRULDOGHYHORSPHQWSROLFLHVDFWLRQVDQGWKXVVKRXOGDLPWRGHDO HIIHFWLYHO\ ZLWK WKH XUEDQ SUREOHPV WKURXJK FRRUGLQDWLRQ EHWZHHQ DOO VWDNHKROGHUV 7KH REMHFWLYH LV DOVR WR FRQVROLGDWHWKHZKROHHIIRUWVPDGHE\GLIIHUHQWVHFWRUVWKDWFRQWULEXWHWRVHWFRQGLWLRQVIRUDTXDOLWDWLYHPDQDJHPHQW RIXUEDQVSDFHV7KLVTXDOLWDWLYHSROLF\DVXQGHUOLQHGLQWKH1DWLRQDO5HSRUWLQFOXGHV x (VWDEOLVKPHQWRIXUEDQSROLF\WKURXJKOHJDODQGUHJXODWRU\IUDPHZRUNUHODWHGWRPDQDJHPHQWDQGSURPRWLRQRI WKHFLW\ x 8SJUDGLQJDQGSURPRWLRQRIFLWLHVLQRUGHUWRLPSURYHWKHTXDOLW\FLWL]HQV OLIHFRQGLWLRQV x &UHDWLRQRIQHZFLWLHVDQGPDMRULQWHJUDWHGXUEDQFHQWHUV. 359.

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