92. (a) RECORDED EXPENSE: Table 4 g:.ves a measure of volume of construc
tion by region. Because of the shift from one year to another the amounts shown against each year are not relevant to that year. The total recorded expense for the whole period 1957/62 amounts to £G 956,000. Percentages and averages (in shillings
and pence) per head of population are given in respect of
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1959/62 the data of which are more complete than those of the preceeding 2 years.. High averages per head of population
are shown by Brong-Ahafo (5s-3c!«) and Volta (3s, 4d). The lowest per head are found in the Northern (is. 10d) , Upper
(Is. 2d) and Eastern (is, 8d) *Xj
(b) NUMBER OF PROJECTS 1 Tables 3 and 7 although not measuring the actual volume of construction in the sense of recorded expense (IUE.) or total valr.-j (T.P.) are nevertheless very useful in the analysis of tue latter two measures. Also, in certain respects they arc more rolevant than the former values. For exarrole, in the analysis of projects "by type
(Table 8 to li) the values sho:m for water supply, Henderson boxes and wells are relatively oai.3.11 (3«E. 2.9 per cent of total) but the number of projects - indicating roughly the number of communities for yhioh supplies waro given, is quite considerable. The sane c:vi be an.j.d about latrines. The analysis of the number of projects ic- particularly important when examining the changing needs by yoar and region..
7. Financing of Projects iJ3ireot _Exr)enqcgj.J~>Y._Iear'' £egi°n an<^ Type 93« Central Government's share in direct financing (i.e. excluding equipment and overhead costs; Table 5) Einorntud to 72-3 per cent in the whole period under review3 rhile the 2"[-,2 per cont were obtained from local government and voluntary uontributionr. by community members.
There was a considerable increase of Central Government's share during
the period. In 1957/58 and 1958/59 the Cocoa Marketing Board's contri bution was 26.9 per cent and 2.C cl por oent> rsbpeotively, while local government and other, sources contributed more than two-thirds of the funds. One should; however, bear in mind that in those years the total expenditure on self-help, projects was relativoly small, mainly financed
l/ The low average per head in tho faster:? P.egion may be due, although
only partly3 to incompleteness of r3turn;.* (sse footnote "b to Table 3)
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from local contributions while the main funds of the C.M.B. were used for the "build-up of the technical field units (Table 2). The real expan sion in self-help projects followed the allocation of funds by Central
Government under the Second Five-Year Development Plan in I959/6O. In
that year Government's share amounted to 57.5 per cent and rose to about
82 per cent in I960/6I and 1961/62 (reckoned by year of completion or suspension of projects).
94- Ihe share of Central Government in direct financing depended on type of project and region. Thus the largest share (apart from dams where the main cost is related to the use of equipment) is noticed in respect of latrines (92.1 per cent: Table 5, item 7) because of their priority consideration and because most of them were constructed in
the less developed Northern and Upper Regions. In these regions (Table 6) Government's share in financing the construction of latrines reached
100 per cent as compared with 72.8 per cent in Western and 48-4 per cent in Volta Regions. Government's share is relatively high also in financing of offices and workshops (item 14: 92 per cent), rest-houses and hostels (item 6: 88 per cent) and post offices and postal agencies (item 4s 82 per cent). The lowest contribution is found in respect of day nurseries (item 12: 45 per cent) with almost all of them in the
wealthier Brong—Ahafo Region, This region, in general, shows the highest local contribution: Central Government - 46 per cent, local contribution - 54 per cent. It is however; surprising that in Ashanti and Accra which are also regarded as relatively wealthy regions local financial contribution was negligible. (For a description of how pro jects are generated see chapter VT).
8, Type of Project by Region and Year (Tables 7 to ll)
95» Out of the total number of projects under review (2,436), school buildings comprised ~ 22 per cent; feeder roads, streets, culverts and bridges ~ some 30 per cent? latrines - 11 per cents water supplies (wells and Henderson boxes) — 9 Per cent; community centres and post—offices — 8 per cent each. Almost in all regions roads and schools ranged first and second (or vice versa) except for Northern and Upper Regions. In
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Volta? sohool.s comprised 40 per cent of all. projects and in Ashariti -roads ©to. 40 per cent, but in Nor-thern" *- latrines almost 50 per cent and in Upper-water supplies 30 per cent. Also 7 out 'of 15 dam projects in the_ country (and 4 out of 7 completed) were in the Upper Region,
The percentage .distribution of the recorded expense (Table 9) gives ' a similar picture with respect to priorities except that the percentages are,.obviously, somewhat different, Thus, in Volta 55 per cent of the reoorded expense was on schools, and in Accra - 85 per cent was spen^ ' on two items - roads.and schools. In the Northern and Upper Regions apart from latrines, community centres and post offices figure
promi'nent-^ .-■■ , - -;■■ ..
96* (Hie percentage distribution of the recorded expense by ,.type .and ,
year (Table 11) reveals an increase in expenditures on school buildings
from 21 per cent out of a total recorded expense in I958/59, ,to .34.9per cent in 1961/62, on post offices and postal agencies from. 7,6 ^per
cent to 12.4 per cent; on latrines from 1.4 per cent to 3.5 per jent
(8 per cent in I96O/6I). On the other hand, a decrease is noticed ,in
community centres (from 22.3 per cent to 14*8 per cent), in roads, watersupplies, hospitals and clinics.
B. "TEE ROOF-LOAKS SCHEME FOR RURAL HOUSING . : : ■
1. Origin and Purpose
97» The roof—loann scbome originates from a proposal made by the United Nations Mission on Housing which, in 1953, was invited \^y the Gold Coast Government to advise on housing policy. In June 1955, the Cabinet
approved in principle that a roof loans scheme, based on the"recommenda tion of the United Nations Mission.should be put into operation.
98. The scheme was intended for the provision of roofs made of material
suoh as tin sheets in order to replace the roofs made of local material
(thatch) which is highly inflammable. As for the rest of the building,
it was considered advisable and practicable, for economy reasons, to retain the traditional methods and materials sometimes combined with
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