Os PFASs detectados nas amostras de água e sedimento ao longo da plataforma continental e região estuarina de Caravelas apresentam um perfil típico da degradação da sulfluramida. Isso dá suporte a hipótese central deste estudo, corroborando que o uso da sulfluramida é uma fonte de PFASs para a zona costeira.
O Koc indicou que no ambiente costeiro PFOS e FOSA tendem a se acumular no sedimento de fundo, caracterizando o sedimento marinho como um sumidouro desses compostos.
As maiores concentrações detectadas nas amostras fluviais mostram o efeito da diluição na distribuição dos PFASs na zona costeira.
As amostras fluviais apresentam fontes distintas de PFASs: a) a amostra A2, oriundo de uma região com predomínio de plantações de eucalipto e sem influência urbana e industrial, provavelmente está sendo contaminada pela sulfluramida; b) os níveis nas PFBA nas amostras A3 e A5 indicam a ocorrência de outra fonte de PFASs para o rio Itanhém, além do uso da sulfluramida;
O perfil similar entre A2 e a amostra de água subterrânea, indicam que o lençol freático também está sendo contaminado pela sulfluramida.
A ausência do FOSA amostra A2 sugere que no meio ambiente o FOSA pode não está, necessariamente, presente no perfil de degradação da sulfluramida;
Impurezas nas iscas formicidas podem ser uma fonte direta de PFASs, a exemplo do PFHxA.
Portanto, o presente estudo apresentou evidências de que a sulfluramida é, de fato, uma fonte de PFOS e outros PFASs para zona costeira da região em estudo e, possivelmente, para outras regiões ao longo da costa do Brasil e oceano Atlântico Sul. Além disso, esses dados atendem aos requisitos da convenção de Estocolmo sobre POPs em seus artigos 11º e 16º. Por outro lado, resultados apresentados levantaram novos questionamentos, principalmente sobre o comportamento ambiental dos PFASs. Dessa forma, fica claro a necessidade de estudos sistemáticos, a fim de elucidar esses questionamentos.
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