Résultats sur les modes de compression

7.4.1 Introduction et historique

Nous présentons dans cette section les résultats et conclusions tirés d’une série de trois expériences utilisant la cible active MAYA et ayant pour but de mesurer les modes de compression dans deux des isotopes de nickel instables : le56

28Ni déficient en neutron^† et le68

28Ni riche en neutrons.

1n

1H2H3H

3He4He 6He 8He

6Li7Li8Li9Li 11Li 7Be 9Be10Be11Be12Be 14Be 8B 10B11B12B13B14B15B 17B 19B 9C10C11C12C13C14C15C16C17C18C19C20C 22C 10N 12N13N14N15N16N17N18N19N20N21N22N23N 13O14O15O16O17O18O19O20O21O22O23O24O 14F 17F18F19F20F21F22F23F24F25F26F27F 29F

17Ne18Ne19Ne20Ne21Ne22Ne23Ne24Ne25Ne26Ne27Ne28Ne29Ne30Ne31Ne32Ne 18Na19Na20Na21Na22Na23Na24Na25Na26Na27Na28Na29Na30Na31Na32Na33Na34Na35Na

20Mg21Mg22Mg23Mg24Mg25Mg26Mg27Mg28Mg29Mg30Mg31Mg32Mg33Mg34Mg35Mg36Mg37Mg 40Mg 21Al22Al23Al24Al25Al26Al27Al28Al29Al30Al31Al32Al33Al34Al35Al36Al37Al38Al39Al40Al41Al 22Si23Si24Si25Si26Si27Si28Si29Si30Si31Si32Si33Si34Si35Si36Si37Si38Si39Si40Si41Si42Si

24P25P26P27P28P29P30P31P32P33P34P35P36P37P38P39P40P41P42P43P44P45P46P 26S27S28S29S30S31S32S33S34S35S36S37S38S39S40S41S42S43S44S45S46S47S48S

28Cl29Cl30Cl31Cl32Cl33Cl34Cl35Cl36Cl37Cl38Cl39Cl40Cl41Cl42Cl43Cl44Cl45Cl46Cl47Cl48Cl49Cl 51Cl 30Ar31Ar32Ar33Ar34Ar35Ar36Ar37Ar38Ar39Ar40Ar41Ar42Ar43Ar44Ar45Ar46Ar47Ar48Ar49Ar50Ar51Ar52Ar53Ar

32K33K34K35K36K37K38K39K40K41K42K43K44K45K46K47K48K49K50K51K52K53K54K 34Ca35Ca36Ca37Ca38Ca39Ca40Ca41Ca42Ca43Ca44Ca45Ca46Ca47Ca48Ca49Ca50Ca51Ca52Ca53Ca54Ca 56Ca

36Sc37Sc38Sc39Sc40Sc41Sc42Sc43Sc44Sc45Sc46Sc47Sc48Sc49Sc50Sc51Sc52Sc53Sc54Sc55Sc56Sc57Sc58Sc 38Ti39Ti40Ti41Ti42Ti43Ti44Ti45Ti46Ti47Ti48Ti49Ti50Ti51Ti52Ti53Ti54Ti55Ti56Ti57Ti58Ti59Ti60Ti

40V41V42V43V44V45V46V47V48V49V50V51V52V53V54V55V56V57V58V59V60V61V62V63V64V 42Cr43Cr44Cr45Cr46Cr47Cr48Cr49Cr50Cr51Cr52Cr53Cr54Cr55Cr56Cr57Cr58Cr59Cr60Cr61Cr62Cr63Cr64Cr65Cr66Cr

44Mn45Mn46Mn47Mn48Mn49Mn50Mn51Mn52Mn53Mn54Mn55Mn56Mn57Mn58Mn59Mn60Mn61Mn62Mn63Mn64Mn65Mn66Mn67Mn 69Mn 45Fe46Fe47Fe48Fe49Fe50Fe51Fe52Fe53Fe54Fe55Fe56Fe57Fe58Fe59Fe60Fe61Fe62Fe63Fe64Fe65Fe66Fe67Fe68Fe69Fe70Fe71Fe72Fe

49Co50Co51Co52Co53Co54Co55Co56Co57Co58Co59Co60Co61Co62Co63Co64Co65Co66Co67Co68Co69Co70Co71Co72Co73Co74Co75Co 48Ni49Ni50Ni51Ni52Ni53Ni54Ni55Ni56Ni57Ni58Ni59Ni60Ni61Ni62Ni63Ni64Ni65Ni66Ni67Ni68Ni69Ni70Ni71Ni72Ni73Ni74Ni75Ni76Ni77Ni78Ni

52Cu53Cu54Cu55Cu56Cu57Cu58Cu59Cu60Cu61Cu62Cu63Cu64Cu65Cu66Cu67Cu68Cu69Cu70Cu71Cu72Cu73Cu74Cu75Cu76Cu77Cu78Cu79Cu80Cu 54Zn55Zn56Zn57Zn58Zn59Zn60Zn61Zn62Zn63Zn64Zn65Zn66Zn67Zn68Zn69Zn70Zn71Zn72Zn73Zn74Zn75Zn76Zn77Zn78Zn79Zn80Zn81Zn82Zn83Zn

56Ga57Ga58Ga59Ga60Ga61Ga62Ga63Ga64Ga65Ga66Ga67Ga68Ga69Ga70Ga71Ga72Ga73Ga74Ga75Ga76Ga77Ga78Ga79Ga80Ga81Ga82Ga83Ga84Ga85Ga86Ga 58Ge59Ge60Ge61Ge62Ge63Ge64Ge65Ge66Ge67Ge68Ge69Ge70Ge71Ge72Ge73Ge74Ge75Ge76Ge77Ge78Ge79Ge80Ge81Ge82Ge83Ge84Ge85Ge86Ge87Ge88Ge89Ge

60As61As62As63As64As65As66As67As68As69As70As71As72As73As74As75As76As77As78As79As80As81As82As83As84As85As86As87As88As89As 91As92As 65Se66Se67Se68Se69Se70Se71Se72Se73Se74Se75Se76Se77Se78Se79Se80Se81Se82Se83Se84Se85Se86Se87Se88Se89Se90Se91Se92Se93Se94Se

68Br69Br70Br71Br72Br73Br74Br75Br76Br77Br78Br79Br80Br81Br82Br83Br84Br85Br86Br87Br88Br89Br90Br91Br92Br93Br94Br95Br96Br97Br 69Kr70Kr71Kr72Kr73Kr74Kr75Kr76Kr77Kr78Kr79Kr80Kr81Kr82Kr83Kr84Kr85Kr86Kr87Kr88Kr89Kr90Kr91Kr92Kr93Kr94Kr95Kr96Kr97Kr98Kr99Kr100Kr

72Rb73Rb74Rb75Rb76Rb77Rb78Rb79Rb80Rb81Rb82Rb83Rb84Rb85Rb86Rb87Rb88Rb89Rb90Rb91Rb92Rb93Rb94Rb95Rb96Rb97Rb98Rb99Rb100Rb101Rb 73Sr74Sr75Sr76Sr77Sr78Sr79Sr80Sr81Sr82Sr83Sr84Sr85Sr86Sr87Sr88Sr89Sr90Sr91Sr92Sr93Sr94Sr95Sr96Sr97Sr98Sr99Sr100Sr101Sr102Sr103Sr104Sr105Sr

76Y77Y78Y79Y80Y81Y82Y83Y84Y85Y86Y87Y88Y89Y90Y91Y92Y93Y94Y95Y96Y97Y98Y99Y100Y101Y102Y103Y104Y105Y106Y107Y108Y 79Zr80Zr81Zr82Zr83Zr84Zr85Zr86Zr87Zr88Zr89Zr90Zr91Zr92Zr93Zr94Zr95Zr96Zr97Zr98Zr99Zr100Zr101Zr102Zr103Zr104Zr105Zr106Zr107Zr108Zr109Zr110Zr

81Nb82Nb83Nb84Nb85Nb86Nb87Nb88Nb89Nb90Nb91Nb92Nb93Nb94Nb95Nb96Nb97Nb98Nb99Nb100Nb101Nb102Nb103Nb104Nb105Nb106Nb107Nb108Nb109Nb110Nb111Nb112Nb113Nb 83Mo84Mo85Mo86Mo87Mo88Mo89Mo90Mo91Mo92Mo93Mo94Mo95Mo96Mo97Mo98Mo99Mo100Mo101Mo102Mo103Mo104Mo105Mo106Mo107Mo108Mo109Mo110Mo111Mo112Mo113Mo114Mo115Mo

86Tc87Tc88Tc89Tc90Tc91Tc92Tc93Tc94Tc95Tc96Tc97Tc98Tc99Tc100Tc101Tc102Tc103Tc104Tc105Tc106Tc107Tc108Tc109Tc110Tc111Tc112Tc113Tc114Tc115Tc116Tc117Tc118Tc 87Ru88Ru89Ru90Ru91Ru92Ru93Ru94Ru95Ru96Ru97Ru98Ru99Ru100Ru101Ru102Ru103Ru104Ru105Ru106Ru107Ru108Ru109Ru110Ru111Ru112Ru113Ru114Ru115Ru116Ru117Ru118Ru119Ru120Ru

89Rh90Rh91Rh92Rh93Rh94Rh95Rh96Rh97Rh98Rh99Rh100Rh101Rh102Rh103Rh104Rh105Rh106Rh107Rh108Rh109Rh110Rh111Rh112Rh113Rh114Rh115Rh116Rh117Rh118Rh119Rh120Rh121Rh 91Pd92Pd93Pd94Pd95Pd96Pd97Pd98Pd99Pd100Pd101Pd102Pd103Pd104Pd105Pd106Pd107Pd108Pd109Pd110Pd111Pd112Pd113Pd114Pd115Pd116Pd117Pd118Pd119Pd120Pd121Pd122Pd123Pd

93Ag94Ag95Ag96Ag97Ag98Ag99Ag100Ag101Ag102Ag103Ag104Ag105Ag106Ag107Ag108Ag109Ag110Ag111Ag112Ag113Ag114Ag115Ag116Ag117Ag118Ag119Ag120Ag121Ag122Ag123Ag124Ag125Ag126Ag127Ag128Ag129Ag130Ag 97Cd98Cd99Cd100Cd101Cd102Cd103Cd104Cd105Cd106Cd107Cd108Cd109Cd110Cd111Cd112Cd113Cd114Cd115Cd116Cd117Cd118Cd119Cd120Cd121Cd122Cd123Cd124Cd125Cd126Cd127Cd128Cd129Cd130Cd 132Cd 98In99In100In101In102In103In104In105In106In107In108In109In110In111In112In113In114In115In116In117In118In119In120In121In122In123In124In125In126In127In128In129In130In131In132In133In134In135In

100Sn101Sn102Sn103Sn104Sn105Sn106Sn107Sn108Sn109Sn110Sn111Sn112Sn113Sn114Sn115Sn116Sn117Sn118Sn119Sn120Sn121Sn122Sn123Sn124Sn125Sn126Sn127Sn128Sn129Sn130Sn131Sn132Sn133Sn134Sn135Sn136Sn137Sn 103Sb104Sb105Sb106Sb107Sb108Sb109Sb110Sb111Sb112Sb113Sb114Sb115Sb116Sb117Sb118Sb119Sb120Sb121Sb122Sb123Sb124Sb125Sb126Sb127Sb128Sb129Sb130Sb131Sb132Sb133Sb134Sb135Sb136Sb137Sb138Sb139Sb

106Te107Te108Te109Te110Te111Te112Te113Te114Te115Te116Te117Te118Te119Te120Te121Te122Te123Te124Te125Te126Te127Te128Te129Te130Te131Te132Te133Te134Te135Te136Te137Te138Te139Te140Te141Te142Te 108I109I110I111I112I113I114I115I116I117I118I119I120I121I122I123I124I125I126I127I128I129I130I131I132I133I134I135I136I137I138I139I140I141I142I143I144I

110Xe111Xe112Xe113Xe114Xe115Xe116Xe117Xe118Xe119Xe120Xe121Xe122Xe123Xe124Xe125Xe126Xe127Xe128Xe129Xe130Xe131Xe132Xe133Xe134Xe135Xe136Xe137Xe138Xe139Xe140Xe141Xe142Xe143Xe144Xe145Xe146Xe147Xe 112Cs113Cs114Cs115Cs116Cs117Cs118Cs119Cs120Cs121Cs122Cs123Cs124Cs125Cs126Cs127Cs128Cs129Cs130Cs131Cs132Cs133Cs134Cs135Cs136Cs137Cs138Cs139Cs140Cs141Cs142Cs143Cs144Cs145Cs146Cs147Cs148Cs149Cs150Cs151Cs

114Ba115Ba116Ba117Ba118Ba119Ba120Ba121Ba122Ba123Ba124Ba125Ba126Ba127Ba128Ba129Ba130Ba131Ba132Ba133Ba134Ba135Ba136Ba137Ba138Ba139Ba140Ba141Ba142Ba143Ba144Ba145Ba146Ba147Ba148Ba149Ba150Ba151Ba 117La118La119La120La121La122La123La124La125La126La127La128La129La130La131La132La133La134La135La136La137La138La139La140La141La142La143La144La145La146La147La148La149La150La151La152La153La

121Ce122Ce123Ce124Ce125Ce126Ce127Ce128Ce129Ce130Ce131Ce132Ce133Ce134Ce135Ce136Ce137Ce138Ce139Ce140Ce141Ce142Ce143Ce144Ce145Ce146Ce147Ce148Ce149Ce150Ce151Ce152Ce153Ce154Ce155Ce 121Pr122Pr123Pr124Pr125Pr126Pr127Pr128Pr129Pr130Pr131Pr132Pr133Pr134Pr135Pr136Pr137Pr138Pr139Pr140Pr141Pr142Pr143Pr144Pr145Pr146Pr147Pr148Pr149Pr150Pr151Pr152Pr153Pr154Pr155Pr156Pr 125Nd126Nd127Nd128Nd129Nd130Nd131Nd132Nd133Nd134Nd135Nd136Nd137Nd138Nd139Nd140Nd141Nd142Nd143Nd144Nd145Nd146Nd147Nd148Nd149Nd150Nd151Nd152Nd153Nd154Nd155Nd156Nd157Nd158Nd

128Pm 130Pm131Pm132Pm133Pm134Pm135Pm136Pm137Pm138Pm139Pm140Pm141Pm142Pm143Pm144Pm145Pm146Pm147Pm148Pm149Pm150Pm151Pm152Pm153Pm154Pm155Pm156Pm157Pm158Pm159Pm 129Sm130Sm131Sm132Sm133Sm134Sm135Sm136Sm137Sm138Sm139Sm140Sm141Sm142Sm143Sm144Sm145Sm146Sm147Sm148Sm149Sm150Sm151Sm152Sm153Sm154Sm155Sm156Sm157Sm158Sm159Sm160Sm161Sm 130Eu131Eu132Eu 134Eu135Eu136Eu137Eu138Eu139Eu140Eu141Eu142Eu143Eu144Eu145Eu146Eu147Eu148Eu149Eu150Eu151Eu152Eu153Eu154Eu155Eu156Eu157Eu158Eu159Eu160Eu161Eu162Eu163Eu

134Gd135Gd136Gd137Gd138Gd139Gd140Gd141Gd142Gd143Gd144Gd145Gd146Gd147Gd148Gd149Gd150Gd151Gd152Gd153Gd154Gd155Gd156Gd157Gd158Gd159Gd160Gd161Gd162Gd163Gd164Gd165Gd 135Tb 138Tb139Tb140Tb141Tb142Tb143Tb144Tb145Tb146Tb147Tb148Tb149Tb150Tb151Tb152Tb153Tb154Tb155Tb156Tb157Tb158Tb159Tb160Tb161Tb162Tb163Tb164Tb165Tb166Tb167Tb168Tb

139Dy 141Dy142Dy143Dy144Dy145Dy146Dy147Dy148Dy149Dy150Dy151Dy152Dy153Dy154Dy155Dy156Dy157Dy158Dy159Dy160Dy161Dy162Dy163Dy164Dy165Dy166Dy167Dy168Dy169Dy 140Ho141Ho 143Ho144Ho145Ho146Ho147Ho148Ho149Ho150Ho151Ho152Ho153Ho154Ho155Ho156Ho157Ho158Ho159Ho160Ho161Ho162Ho163Ho164Ho165Ho166Ho167Ho168Ho169Ho170Ho171Ho172Ho

144Er145Er146Er147Er148Er149Er150Er151Er152Er153Er154Er155Er156Er157Er158Er159Er160Er161Er162Er163Er164Er165Er166Er167Er168Er169Er170Er171Er172Er173Er174Er175Er 145Tm146Tm147Tm148Tm149Tm150Tm151Tm152Tm153Tm154Tm155Tm156Tm157Tm158Tm159Tm160Tm161Tm162Tm163Tm164Tm165Tm166Tm167Tm168Tm169Tm170Tm171Tm172Tm173Tm174Tm175Tm176Tm177Tm

148Yb149Yb150Yb151Yb152Yb153Yb154Yb155Yb156Yb157Yb158Yb159Yb160Yb161Yb162Yb163Yb164Yb165Yb166Yb167Yb168Yb169Yb170Yb171Yb172Yb173Yb174Yb175Yb176Yb177Yb178Yb179Yb180Yb 150Lu151Lu152Lu153Lu154Lu155Lu156Lu157Lu158Lu159Lu160Lu161Lu162Lu163Lu164Lu165Lu166Lu167Lu168Lu169Lu170Lu171Lu172Lu173Lu174Lu175Lu176Lu177Lu178Lu179Lu180Lu181Lu182Lu183Lu184Lu

153Hf154Hf155Hf156Hf157Hf158Hf159Hf160Hf161Hf162Hf163Hf164Hf165Hf166Hf167Hf168Hf169Hf170Hf171Hf172Hf173Hf174Hf175Hf176Hf177Hf178Hf179Hf180Hf181Hf182Hf183Hf184Hf185Hf186Hf 188Hf 155Ta156Ta157Ta158Ta159Ta160Ta161Ta162Ta163Ta164Ta165Ta166Ta167Ta168Ta169Ta170Ta171Ta172Ta173Ta174Ta175Ta176Ta177Ta178Ta179Ta180Ta181Ta182Ta183Ta184Ta185Ta186Ta187Ta188Ta189Ta 158W159W160W161W162W163W164W165W166W167W168W169W170W171W172W173W174W175W176W177W178W179W180W181W182W183W184W185W186W187W188W189W190W

160Re161Re162Re163Re164Re165Re166Re167Re168Re169Re170Re171Re172Re173Re174Re175Re176Re177Re178Re179Re180Re181Re182Re183Re184Re185Re186Re187Re188Re189Re190Re191Re192Re 194Re 162Os163Os164Os165Os166Os167Os168Os169Os170Os171Os172Os173Os174Os175Os176Os177Os178Os179Os180Os181Os182Os183Os184Os185Os186Os187Os188Os189Os190Os191Os192Os193Os194Os195Os196Os197Os

164Ir165Ir166Ir167Ir168Ir169Ir170Ir171Ir172Ir173Ir174Ir175Ir176Ir177Ir178Ir179Ir180Ir181Ir182Ir183Ir184Ir185Ir186Ir187Ir188Ir189Ir190Ir191Ir192Ir193Ir194Ir195Ir196Ir197Ir198Ir199Ir 166Pt167Pt168Pt169Pt170Pt171Pt172Pt173Pt174Pt175Pt176Pt177Pt178Pt179Pt180Pt181Pt182Pt183Pt184Pt185Pt186Pt187Pt188Pt189Pt190Pt191Pt192Pt193Pt194Pt195Pt196Pt197Pt198Pt199Pt200Pt201Pt202Pt

170Au171Au172Au173Au174Au175Au176Au177Au178Au179Au180Au181Au182Au183Au184Au185Au186Au187Au188Au189Au190Au191Au192Au193Au194Au195Au196Au197Au198Au199Au200Au201Au202Au203Au204Au205Au 171Hg 173Hg174Hg175Hg176Hg177Hg178Hg179Hg180Hg181Hg182Hg183Hg184Hg185Hg186Hg187Hg188Hg189Hg190Hg191Hg192Hg193Hg194Hg195Hg196Hg197Hg198Hg199Hg200Hg201Hg202Hg203Hg204Hg205Hg206Hg207Hg208Hg

176Tl177Tl178Tl179Tl180Tl181Tl182Tl183Tl184Tl185Tl186Tl187Tl188Tl189Tl190Tl191Tl192Tl193Tl194Tl195Tl196Tl197Tl198Tl199Tl200Tl201Tl202Tl203Tl204Tl205Tl206Tl207Tl208Tl209Tl210Tl 180Pb181Pb182Pb183Pb184Pb185Pb186Pb187Pb188Pb189Pb190Pb191Pb192Pb193Pb194Pb195Pb196Pb197Pb198Pb199Pb200Pb201Pb202Pb203Pb204Pb205Pb206Pb207Pb208Pb209Pb210Pb211Pb212Pb213Pb214Pb

184Bi185Bi186Bi187Bi188Bi189Bi190Bi191Bi192Bi193Bi194Bi195Bi196Bi197Bi198Bi199Bi200Bi201Bi202Bi203Bi204Bi205Bi206Bi207Bi208Bi209Bi210Bi211Bi212Bi213Bi214Bi215Bi216Bi217Bi218Bi 188Po189Po190Po191Po192Po193Po194Po195Po196Po197Po198Po199Po200Po201Po202Po203Po204Po205Po206Po207Po208Po209Po210Po211Po212Po213Po214Po215Po216Po217Po218Po

191At 193At194At195At196At197At198At199At200At201At202At203At204At205At206At207At208At209At210At211At212At213At214At215At216At217At218At219At220At221At222At223At 195Rn196Rn197Rn198Rn199Rn200Rn201Rn202Rn203Rn204Rn205Rn206Rn207Rn208Rn209Rn210Rn211Rn212Rn213Rn214Rn215Rn216Rn217Rn218Rn219Rn220Rn221Rn222Rn223Rn224Rn225Rn226Rn227Rn228Rn

199Fr200Fr201Fr202Fr203Fr204Fr205Fr206Fr207Fr208Fr209Fr210Fr211Fr212Fr213Fr214Fr215Fr216Fr217Fr218Fr219Fr220Fr221Fr222Fr223Fr224Fr225Fr226Fr227Fr228Fr229Fr230Fr231Fr232Fr 202Ra203Ra204Ra205Ra206Ra207Ra208Ra209Ra210Ra211Ra212Ra213Ra214Ra215Ra216Ra217Ra218Ra219Ra220Ra221Ra222Ra223Ra224Ra225Ra226Ra227Ra228Ra229Ra230Ra231Ra232Ra233Ra234Ra

206Ac207Ac208Ac209Ac210Ac211Ac212Ac213Ac214Ac215Ac216Ac217Ac218Ac219Ac220Ac221Ac222Ac223Ac224Ac225Ac226Ac227Ac228Ac229Ac230Ac231Ac232Ac233Ac234Ac 209Th210Th211Th212Th213Th214Th215Th216Th217Th218Th219Th220Th221Th222Th223Th224Th225Th226Th227Th228Th229Th230Th231Th232Th233Th234Th235Th236Th237Th238Th

212Pa213Pa214Pa215Pa216Pa217Pa218Pa219Pa220Pa221Pa222Pa223Pa224Pa225Pa226Pa227Pa228Pa229Pa230Pa231Pa232Pa233Pa234Pa235Pa236Pa237Pa238Pa239Pa 217U218U219U220U221U222U223U224U225U226U227U228U229U230U231U232U233U234U235U236U237U238U239U240U 242U

225Np226Np227Np228Np229Np230Np231Np232Np233Np234Np235Np236Np237Np238Np239Np240Np241Np242Np243Np244Np 228Pu229Pu230Pu231Pu232Pu233Pu234Pu235Pu236Pu237Pu238Pu239Pu240Pu241Pu242Pu243Pu244Pu245Pu246Pu247Pu

232Am233Am234Am235Am236Am237Am238Am239Am240Am241Am242Am243Am244Am245Am246Am247Am248Am 232Cm233Cm 235Cm236Cm237Cm238Cm239Cm240Cm241Cm242Cm243Cm244Cm245Cm246Cm247Cm248Cm249Cm250Cm251Cm252Cm

236Bk237Bk238Bk 240Bk241Bk242Bk243Bk244Bk245Bk246Bk247Bk248Bk249Bk250Bk251Bk252Bk253Bk 237Cf238Cf239Cf240Cf241Cf242Cf243Cf244Cf245Cf246Cf247Cf248Cf249Cf250Cf251Cf252Cf253Cf254Cf255Cf256Cf

241Es242Es243Es244Es245Es246Es247Es248Es249Es250Es251Es252Es253Es254Es255Es256Es257Es 242Fm243Fm244Fm245Fm246Fm247Fm248Fm249Fm250Fm251Fm252Fm253Fm254Fm255Fm256Fm257Fm258Fm259Fm260Fm

245Md246Md247Md248Md249Md250Md251Md252Md253Md254Md255Md256Md257Md258Md259Md260Md 250No251No252No253No254No255No256No257No258No259No260No261No262No

252Lr253Lr254Lr255Lr256Lr257Lr258Lr259Lr260Lr261Lr262Lr263Lr 253Rf254Rf255Rf256Rf257Rf258Rf259Rf260Rf261Rf262Rf263Rf264Rf 255Db256Db257Db258Db259Db260Db261Db262Db263Db264Db265Db 267Db268Db 258Sg259Sg260Sg261Sg262Sg263Sg264Sg265Sg266Sg 271Sg 260Bh261Bh262Bh263Bh264Bh265Bh266Bh267Bh 271Bh272Bh 263Hs264Hs265Hs266Hs267Hs 269Hs270Hs271Hs272Hs273Hs 275Hs 266Mt267Mt268Mt 270Mt 275Mt276Mt 267Ds 269Ds270Ds271Ds272Ds273Ds 279Ds 281Ds 272Rg 279Rg280Rg 277Cn 282Cn283Cn284Cn285Cn 278Uut 283Uut284Uut

Z⁼ N

N

Z

Ca Ni ^Zn Zr Mo CdSn Nd Sm stable radioactif prédit [57] GMR avant 1993 [202] GMR après 1993

FIGURE7.13 – Charte simplifiée des noyaux avec, encerclés, les noyaux stables pour lesquels

les caractéristiques de l’ISGMR ont été mesuré. Les données sont séparés en deux groupes : avant la compilation publiée en 1993 par Shlomo et Youngblood [202] (cercles rouges) et après [88, 99, 100, 136, 140, 141, 179, 231, 253–255] (cercles bleus). Dans le premier cas la teinte rouge augmente avec le nombre de mesure.

Justifions tout d’abord le choix de la chaîne des nickels comme étude. Il a été guidé par plusieurs considérations dont notamment l’existence de mesures de ISGMR ou ISGDR dans les noyaux stables.

Concernant l’ISGMR : un grand nombre (∼_{50) de noyaux stables pair-pair}

(de Z= 14 à 90) ont vu leur ISGMR étudiées (voir figure 7.13 et l’article Shlomo et Youngblood [202]), essentiellement par diffusion inélastique de noyaux d’hélium autour de 30 MeV/nucléon. Cependant au moment de la première proposition d’expérience, seulement quelques noyaux appartenant à une même chaîne isotopique avaient été publiés :58,60

28Ni,64–68 30Zn,90,96 40Zr,92,96,100 42Mo 108,110 46Pd,110–116 48Cd,112–120,124 50Sn,142,146,150 60Nd et144,148–154

62Sm. Le cas le plus intéressant est probablement celui des isotopes d’étain avec 7 noyaux, mais cela aurait impliqué d’utiliser de l’110

50Sn ou de l’126

50Sn à plus de 30 MeV/nucléon. Produire ces espèces par fragmentation (pour l’énergie) à des taux raisonnables au GANIL (&10⁵ pps) semblait difficile. C’est pour cela que le choix s’est porté au début sur le 56

28Ni avec un taux de production prévu de 10×10⁴pps et une énergie de 33 MeV/nucléon. Cet ion étant déficient en neutrons (deux de moins que le stable le plus léger 58

Ni), l’expérience suivante à donc naturellement porté sur un isotope de nickel riche en neutrons : le68

Ni (quatre neutrons de plus que le stable le plus lourd64

Ni).

Concernant l’ISGDR : la première mesure de l’ISGDR est relativement ré-cente [56] (1997 sachant que la découverte et l’interprétation des résonances géantes dipolaires isovectorielles date de 1947 [23]). Donc au moment d’écrire la proposition d’expérience (début 2010) seules des mesures dans les noyaux de

Dans le document États résonants de noyaux loin de la stabilité (Page 178-181)