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RESUME
Le virus de la leucémie bovine (BLV) est l'agent étiologique de la leucose bovine.
Il infecte les lymphocytes B et induit des tumeurs lymphoïdes chez les ruminants. Comme
pour tout virus enveloppé, l'infection d'une cellule par le BLV commence par la fixation
du virus sur son récepteur suivie de la fiision de l'enveloppe virale avec la membrane
cellulaire permettant l’entrée du matériel génétique du virus dans la cellule. Ces premières
étapes de l'infection virale sont médiées par les glycoprotéines d'enveloppe virale gp51 et
gp30. La gp51 assure la reconnaissance du récepteur cellulaire alors que la gp30, par son
extrémité NH
2-terminale hydrophobe, est impliquée dans le processus de fusion. La
fusion membranaire induite par le BLV est généralement étudiée par des méthodes très
indirectes (lyse cellulaire, formation de syncytia...) qui ne permettent pas de suivre
directement la cinétique de fusion virus-cellule. Les techniques utilisant des marqueurs
fluorescents tels que l'octadécylrhodamine ou RI 8 insérés dans l'enveloppe virale
constituent une alternative intéressante pour suivre la cinétique de fusion virus-cellule
hôte.
La première partie de ce travail est consacrée à l'étude de la fusion du BLV
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