2) Types de sondes :
8.4 Vers des interfaces cerveau-machine passives performantes et peu intrusives
Ces travaux de thèse ont permis de mettre au jour diérents apports pour les interfaces cerveau-machine passives. Ainsi, ces interfaces pourraient voir leurs performances grandement améliorées par l'utilisation d'étapes de ltrage spatial, mais aussi par l'utilisation de mesures de l'activité EEG évoquée par des sondes potentiellement très peu distractrices, puisqu'ignorées par les opérateurs. L'utilisation de telles sondes nous paraît particulièrement pertinente pour l'estimation de la charge mentale qui est un état encore mal décodé par les systèmes actuels. En revanche, pour la fatigue mentale, l'utilisation de telles sondes n'est pas nécessaire, une mesure continue de marqueurs EEG fréquentiels et/ou de marqueurs de l'activité oculaire peuvent su re à atteindre des performances élevées tout en restant le moins intrusif possible.
Ces travaux apportent donc de nouveaux éléments pour l'implémentation de systèmes de suivi des états mentaux e caces et peu intrusifs qui permettront, je l'espère, à terme de déve- lopper des interfaces optimales pour l'amélioration des conditions de sécurité d'opérateurs dans des situations à risque, mais aussi pour développer des interfaces d'e-learning s'adaptant à l'état de l'élève, des ordinateurs ou téléphones intelligents modulant leurs modalité de noti cation, ou encore des jeux vidéos adaptant leur niveau de challenge en fonction de notre état. Ces systèmes devront combiner la mesure de plusieurs états mentaux, dont les états attentionnels et émo- tionnels. En eet, l'attention et les émotions in uent sur de nombreux états mentaux dont la
"We must develop as quickly as possible technologies that make possible a direct connection between brain and computer, so that arti cial brains contribute to human intelligence rather
than opposing it."
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