C.3 Structure de OPENERP
2.4 Implementation
The technical choices made reflect the modeling and development of our future system.
– Our development environment is Debian wheezy 7.0 for system robust-ness ;
– The modeling method used is UML (Unified Modeling Language) ver-sion 2.1 is now the industry standard for object modeling ;
– The choice of our ERP was made on OpenERP which is a free ERP, highly valued and used on the free market ERP ;
– RFID Technology : electronic trolleys must be recognized in a unique way at the counter, and that identification must occur automatically, and no contact with the player, hence the choice of this technology ;
– The embedded database by OpenERP is PostgreSQL. OpenERP has been developed with web languages and python. We worked with these technologies to develop the communication module with electronic trol-leys ;
– Among Open Source BI suites, we opted for Pentaho BI Suite for our work. ETL Tool used is Pentaho Dated Integration multiplateforme and also giving the ability to implement and execute our own scripts and algorithms in Java. For OLAP analysis, Mondrian ROLAP server Open Source selected. It is the most used and most effective in the world of
Conception d’un système de gestion d’entrepôt de données dans un supermarché
free decision-making systems. The database is PostgreSQL our ware-house. We chose to follow in our work and it has the features we need ; 2.5 Environment Simulation
To test our system, we deployed it by using virtualizing technologies to put on the same physical machine various servers (ERP, OLAP, waiter of application). We also used three (3) physical machines customer . To finish, the interconnection is carried out thanks to a router.
3 RESULTS
The designed system is composed of two main blocks : a communication module with electronic supermarket trolleys and a decision support system.
3.1 The communication module
The communication module with electronic supermarket trolleys, has al-lowed us to automate the sales process at checkout. For the proper manage-ment and monitoring of the activities of these trucks, we developed a web interface that describes the real-time activity of the latter. Consultation of its content is just a click away for the user with access rights. (Figure 4)
FIGURE4 –Interface of the POS
Conception d’un système de gestion d’entrepôt de données dans un supermarché
3.2 The system of decision support
The decision support system is interfaced with a visualization tool. After the ETL process , The ROLAP analysis server (Mondrian) establishes the link between the interface and display OLAP data warehouse system. It reflects the multidimensional MDX queries generated by the visualization interface in SQL queries. Query results are returned to the user in the form of a table, graph...(Figure 5)
FIGURE5 –Interface display OLAP
A analysis allowed us to determine for a supermarket , the distribution of total discounts by customer. (Figure 6)
FIGURE6 –Distribution of discounts by customer
Conception d’un système de gestion d’entrepôt de données dans un supermarché
4 REAL DEPLOYMENT OF THE SYSTEM
The figure 7 shows the architecture of the system deployment. Electronic trolleys of supermarket are equipped with a wireless card, allowing them to communicate with the ERP server.
FIGURE7 –Physical architecture of the network
4.1 Data security
– Establish a RAID system and put a backup server for the data ware-house ;
– Secure passwords by connecting to the subnet containing electronic trol-leys ;
– ETL process must be planned when the ERP system is less busy , see the rest ;
– Establish firewall ; 4.2 Data Migration
If the ERP management supermarket is different from ours, in this case it will make a migration. Given the fact that all ERP solutions on the market offer import and export information related to various sectors modes , so it is possible to do this migration. The various export formats are : ".csv", ".xlsx".
ETL tools can facilitate this work.
Conception d’un système de gestion d’entrepôt de données dans un supermarché
4.3 Cost of the project
For such a project, including the cost of staff training in relation to initiali-ze the various tools . Most concerned are :
– The manager : to use OLAP visualization tool ;
– OLAP administrator : to administer the OLAP server ; – The administrator ERP : ERP for administering the server.
Note that it is not necessary to introduce other users as the interface point of sale ERP is quite intuitive. The project cost estimated at : 11,003,375 FCFA.
5 DISCUSSION
Simulation of multiple connections to the database system centralized supermarket data, we concluded that the burden of customers (electronic trolleys, point of sale, managers, directors, ...) can not turn off the ERP.
Our ERP has shown its ability to handle multiple simultaneous connections without altering the data exchanged. In addition, the integration of commu-nication module with electronic trolleys in the ERP is a success. However, it remains to improve the management interface trolleys, to automate the recording of serial numbers of products, and to optimize the algorithm that manages the collection of customer information when making purchases.
The data warehouse, ETL, and OLAP server also met our expectations.
They allow customers to fully restore the form of pie charts, graphs and tables, the results of the various analyzes that have been made.
Compared to management systems (Perfecto, Sage 100 commercial ver-sion, Excel ... ) used by supermarkets now, our system allows to manage the problem of queue. In this issue, the current management systems have their limitations and disabilities. The sales process is automated through an RFID chip implanted in electronic trolleys that allows them to return at the point of sale without prior action by the cashier, their content. The time spent unpack-ing products trolleys and do the addition with a calculator is over. Not only is our system’s ability to manage all the activities of a supermarket, as well as other ERP solutions market, but it also includes tools to help the decision correlate and not financial indicators financial analysis for the performance of supermarkets. Finally, our solution is flexible and scalable.
Conception d’un système de gestion d’entrepôt de données dans un supermarché
CONCLUSION
This project has enabled us to offer a solution to the recurring problem of queue in the supermarket. This solution uses electronic trolleys with RFID technology. For an interactive management of the electronic trolleys, a com-munication module was designed. This module integrates the management of the business in real time electronic trolleys in the supermarket and used to collect information on customer behavior. The data collected are associated with other significant information of the operating system for business intel-ligence.
The decision support system designed is very flexible, robust, cross-platform, reliable and ready for future developments. It allows analysis along several axes (financial and not financial ) and supermarkets offering low standards, personalized and adapted to the management strategy adopted by these indicators.
To make our all in one solution and enable managers not to worry about the management of the various activities of their supermarkets, our solution is supported by an ERP system that meets all these features.
Perspective, we propose for accuracy in data analysis, integration of indi-cators to measure the arrangement of shelves in a supermarket. The indiindi-cators can be added to make the system scalable and responsive to the needs of the present. In addition, the DBMS (PostgreSQL v9.1) has an extension (postgis) for managing spatial data. This extension can be used to integrate mapping our decision-making system.
TABLE DES MATIÈRES
SOMMAIRE . . . ii
DEDICACE . . . iv
REMERCIEMENTS . . . v
LISTE DES SIGLES ET ABREVIATIONS . . . vi
RESUME . . . ix
ABSTRACT . . . x
LISTE DES TABLEAUX . . . xi
LISTE DES FIGURES . . . xiii
INTRODUCTION GENERALE . . . 1
I SYNTHESE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE 4 1 Concept de progiciel de gestion Intégrée . . . 5
1.1 Concept d’ERP . . . 6
1.2 Les produits ERP . . . 6
1.3 Atouts d’un ERP . . . 8
2 Les systèmes d’information décisionnels . . . 9
2.1 Composition du système d’information décisionnel . . . 9
2.1.1 Le système de données . . . 9
Conception d’un système de gestion d’entrepôt de données dans un supermarché
2.2.1 Approche de conception d’un entrepôt de données . 14 2.2.2 Architecture physique d’un entrepôt de données . . . 15
II MATERIELS ET METHODES 16
4 Système de communication avec les chariots électroniques . . 24
4.1 Identification des cas d’utilisation du système . . . 24
5.1.3 Architecture physique de stockage des données . . . 34
5.2 Processus ETL . . . 35
5.2.1 Extraction des données . . . 36
5.2.2 Transformation des données . . . 36
5.2.3 Chargement des données . . . 36
5.2.4 Démarche d’alimentation . . . 37
5.2.5 Optimisation des requêtes sur l’entrepôt de données . 38 5.3 L’analyse en ligne . . . 38 5.3.1 Outil de visualisation et serveur d’analyse ROLAP . 39
Conception d’un système de gestion d’entrepôt de données dans un supermarché
5.3.2 Serveur d’analyse ROLAP et entrepôt de données . . 39
6 Outils de réalisation et environnement de test . . . 42
A.1 Comparaison entre Base de Données et Data Warehouse . . 68
A.2 Etude comparative des ERP libres . . . 68
A.3 Liste des indicateurs utilisés pour notre système . . . 70
B Extraits de code de programmation . . . 72
B.1 Fichier créé après le scan du chariot électronique . . . 72
B.2 Fichier descriptif du contenu du chariot . . . 72
B.3 Fonction de remplissage de la dimension temporelle . . . 73
B.4 Structure d’une requête MDX . . . 73
Conception d’un système de gestion d’entrepôt de données dans un supermarché
B.5 Extrait du schéma de description de l’entrepôt implémenté
dans Mondrian . . . 74
B.6 Algorithme de traitement du comportement du client lors de son achat . . . 76
C Extrait du manuel d’utilisation des interfaces logicielles . . . . 77
C.1 Extrait du manuel d’utilisation de l’interface du point de vente 77 C.2 Extrait du manuel d’utilisation de l’interface OLAP . . . 79
C.3 Structure de OPENERP . . . 80
Résumé
Le présent travail vise à renforcer le système de gestion des supermarchés grâce à l’utilisation d’un entrepôt de données. Après les généralités sur les concepts de ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) et d’entrepôt de données, nous avons modélisé le système avec le langage de modélisation UML (Unified Modeling Language) en présentant dans un premier temps une vue globale de ce dernier. De cette vue, nous avons abordé en détails les différents éléments constitutifs du système. Il s’agit du module de communication de l’ERP avec les chariots intelligents et de la chaîne décisionnelle basée sur un entrepôt de données qui contient les informations émanant de l’activité des chariots intelligents et des données collectées dans le système opérationnel. Les chariots intelligents sont utilisés dans notre travail pour accélérer le processus de vente et d’achat des clients. Pour implémenter ce système, nous avons utilisé en majeur partie des outils de développement web, ce qui nous a permis d’avoir comme résultats deux interfaces : la première est destinée à la gestion des activités du supermarché et la gestion des chariots intelligents et la seconde pour aider les gérants dans leur prise de décision. Aux différents tests effectués, a manqué l’évaluation du système en grandeur réelle.
Mots clés : ERP, chariot intelligent, entrepôt de données, aide à la décision.
Abstract
This work aims at reinforcing the management system of the supermarkets thanks to the use of a data warehouse. After the general information on concepts of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) and of data warehouse, we modelled the system with the language of modeling UML (Unified Modeling Language) by presenting a view initially total of this last. Of this sight, we approached in details the different ones components of the system. It is the module of communication the ERP with the intelligent carriages and of the decisional chain based on one data warehouse which contains information emanating of the activity of intelligent carriages and of the data collected in the operational system. The intelligent carriages are used in our work to accelerate it process of sale and purchase of the customers. To implement this system, we used into major part of the development tools Web, which enabled us to have like results two interfaces: first is intended for management of the activities of the supermarket and the management of the intelligent carriages and the second to help the managers in their decision making.
With different tests carried out, missed the evaluation of the system in real size.
Keywords : ERP, electronic trolley, data warehouse, business intelligence.