Page 36
ifeut-year -:- Persons Engaged ..-■'■ Value-;Added Per Person Engaged
■: ■'"■■■ - ' ' ■■■■ In:-France ' -. "In US$
1958 ::'■■ 59,000 ;349,ooo ;:--. 1,307.50
1959 " 59,000 $56,000 ■'^"•: 1,867.50
1960 :'- 59,000 568,000 -T-' 1,122.00
i 1961 ^ 62,000 571,000 :;;;i,128.20
Source: Statistical Bulletin for Africa, 1967,-Table 41.
Judging by the value added in US$ we might think that output per
labourer decreased by some 11 per cent during, the period 1958^1961- But ...the. fxequent. ...ch,anges...ln the value of the currency (three changes : 1958?
1959, I960) causes some reluctance to rely on these" figures (even 'if we rely
on the figures of employment). .On the other hand,"the value"^added"in local currency value per person engaged grew by some 4 per. cent during the same period.,, _.,
■' ■■■■■■■■■ ^"^6 conclude - this- discussion" we .may use ano-fcMr. criterion for.,
productivity, the cement consumption per person engaged. .This represents an'approximate value of material processed by labourers as ..given in the
following "table: ■■, •:, : : . , , ! -.- r--.-,-; :
Table M5 s The Ratio of Cement Consumption to Persons Engaged in
'"-' Construction >-- ■'■■■■■ .:i ■ ■ ■ ■■ . -....,■,• ■:.. ■.- ■ :-..:
Year CeHient.CCdri^umption- .,. Persons.- Engaged . Ratio Percentage
(1000 t)(1000 t ) -
--^. ■■-■ 504 ...-< -x:..-^.-,,5.9 ,.i- ./..., -i,^.:-i.-§*5 1959-- ■ > 499 .,..•-.!■-. -.■, ,..->9.-,-v-: ., , ,/■. •-:.!:; .r'--^
1960 ■■■ 550 •■:■-■ ■■-■<■■■■■■ 59 . 9.3
1961 614 62 .-•■-,:"' "9*9
ffils shows' aii" increase "in output and in productivity.: ...According to this criterion assuming a :ratl!o of 10 tons cement pet person; engaged per annum we should have had in 1965 a labour force of some 84yOOO persons
engaged in construction.
^
Page 37
The Composition o£ Gross Xnv&stme.nt
""TEjf~mo~s,if recent breakdown of investment b;v, sectoral economic activities
~-~rs"tarerrffom~the p^an qumquennal 1960-1964--', and given in Table M6.
itf^f ■"": ' The'' Components' of" the-:" ffro^-s- In-ve stment _.. ■..-■> <■ ■-- ■ ■ ■ •■-'■■-.. i*-*
The part of building .... .. 23oC$
The .part of publi^p wp.xks and
civil engineering ..'' "' 26.5^
The;,part of equipment, ■ ' '; " 22^5^
The part of depreciation "'' T28o0^
100,0^
Out of net investments . ..
Bui.ra.ing ; ■ ■■ 31.8^
Civi'l engineering and 'public
works .,,; 37=0/°
Equipment 312%
100
The"figures in Table M6 and the share of""the various sectors should be .
used only "as guidelines because implementation of the Five-Year ^.fefl^M§©^4.vJ
reached only 71.5 per cent of the plan's objectives.* Investment in equipment reached'Only 59 per cent of the plan's figure,, .while building and other -iy ^■■.;construction works .reached 78 percent and. 85:per cent respectively- :V;.
It .is-apparent.-that civil engineering and public works, mainly
by governmental (and,;foreign aid)-.s,Qurces achieved the highes^;€bipi.
rate* investments1 :±n industry and dwellings which.are;/.mainly..; ^;^
*:..da*noi-ooa^TS3i as "easily to" governmental planning,, <;In -.recovery had-begun following the. recessio^7^
of- the planvfiad" n6% been attained...
-r-n /n-;~ 1 /■■
Page 38
Table M7 s Breakdown of Investments by :£e-cto;r-and by type of Construction
(Product - (Projected in the"plan quinciuennal 1960-^1964- in millions of francs).
Building ■' Other Const- - Squipmerit.
ruction Productive Sector
Agriculture :' 4-8 7O.:9 a> . 15-0 90.7
Mines .. . 16.2 32O2 "-/;/ ' 13.5; 68-9
Manufacture ■ -']'■ 26.5 6.5 ■""' '" 19*0[ \. . 112.0
iower • -v".";>',. x*4 ■ i-9 ■;■;.,;/:. ■ i2>8.";': .. 22-1
Economic Overheads •- • - . .
Urban development 1.2 15-2 ;:.,.; :.-.. - ~- ■: - 16.4
Rural development -12-9 6.8 3«3, 23.0
Roads ■■'■ . 19.0 -'■- ■;■;; .19.0
Airport ... 0»3 ■■•■-■-. y.6 ■ ■ ■ ■ - " liQ;. 4-9
Ports" ''*:'."''•/' 1^'^ -•■ ■■■^'^ ■ 1^"1
Railways . ■■■—^■; 0.3 3-0 ■^^■|;-o-- 6.3
Tourism, commerce & industry ; ■'■-'12.3 2.1 . .28.6 . .43.0
Administrative equipment 4-2 --• 1-1 5-3
Social Overheads ■■ .- ; ■ ■. ;,,. •.. ..-.-:--. ■.■-.;.,,;:!-- ■ ■ -." ■ ■ ' \ \ ■■ ' ■■■■■ ■ ' ■."■ s-\
Education' :...'■-~ <■ -. ■'"■'^ '--I r : "-t ■ i7«6-c,-. : : ;,: .^..P . . , ":.u- .8.4-: ■ " 2.8.2
Health \~.-(*r--y- -. ■ ■ i. -5-6:? .".-:- ' :P.2 . - r*. :,-3-Q-., ■ -.8.8
Housing 7^.02/ 14-5 ™ J-5
Total;net :inve.^tmsnt --:' ■ -. 175*5.' "."':" "2p4»7:h" "-'.f " ' '^72r9 ■■55-L'2
Gross Investment > ■"-' ^- "■ -itS^"- "'; " ^32-4 '" " "-;- ■ ■ ^'360*0-" "T67-i9:
■a/ Includes 20 milliards for oil research. . ■
b/ Over 60 per cent private housing»
On the basis of Table M7 we could also get the present composition
by-activities of building and of public works-.
^ig4as&^^
Page .39
. Breakdpjwn>by;-::use.s of the building.aad- civil' engineering investments in
Table -M1&- ■)*- .Investment..,in Construction by Sectors ■ ■
: ■-■■■-■■ ■■ ■■ ■"'"" ' " . ■.■■■:.- in
■■"■■ . . ' ; ■ Buildi
Productive Sector
Agriculture,,(including 24-per'cent water; works)
Building
2,7 ■■
... 9.2., . 2?
■"Public,
"35-■ 1-9, 3.
,0
.2
i^brks
■ 61.0
-'Manuf;a:cture'":' ' ■■ "■.".■■■• ' ' " . 5r9 .
■Electricity- .•■•■;. ■■■'■ " '.'.' .■...:.■■■■■-- ' ' ,.0-8 /
3»8-Economic Overheads 17*9 30-7
Administrative building ... " . -. 2»4
Roads ■ :■,-■■■/■■■ : ■■'.; : .... ■ ■ — ■ ■ ■ : 9-3
■Airports ■ ." . !■-.:■' ■■'■ ... 0.2 ' ■ .- , l.o
Railway- : .'■ ■ ;■ ■ ., ■ . . 0.2 ;,: ■■ :,:\*5
Rural'development '■ ' ": . ■ 7«4 .., . ■ 3»0
Urban development . , ; :-0-7 . -7»5
Ports ■" ■■ ■ ' ■ .. ,■■'■■ ■;■' ... . ■■. -■-• '-i.. , ." -6r7
Tourism^ comi;ierce & services :.. ,3 ■■■.' 7«0 -L»0
Social Overheads ■■. ;:r c/t yi « ^
Edupatipn . ,.-."■.■"■■■ ' " axi:-- ' 10.1 " 1.2
■"Health''■ . ' ' " . 3.2 ' . ■ "■ ,0.1
Housing ' , ,.id^-- -=■ " ' . 41.1. - ■ " • j'.O
100.0 100.0
Table M8 shows the breakdown between the.construction and the:,
equipment paris in the net investments of the various industries. It is worthwhile to note:that the construction part is smaller .than the .normal EuropeanMnvestment .standard, be;eaoise "of climatic .consideration, and . the. non-sophistication, of -.its ".industries - its .buildings arid'structures could, afford*, to: be. more-lightly e-^uipfce'd :(matters "of insulation or .' heating,). " - ' .■;■■ :-.. ■ -1..1. ■ . ..- ."..-■ ■ ; ■ ; ' ■ ' \.- ■ . ■ ' ' "Table • M8 ' i ■ :TTh'e ::Met Investcients:'in-t-He-Industries-' (%n- mil;B:orig)
Planned for I96O-I965 Fr .« IDE
Sectoral Food "~^St1^o-"~31gir.""""IiIetal~""motE'r':TJBfeMt3al Various Total $ groups Industry tive Indi& P*'W« Inds ■ Inds Ind; Inds
ln%^"~-4j880;; : ,16,250 l?0'20l 11,390 4,655 7,560 3,610 48,765 30 Public"' Works-;.v ;■""'■■■• :;t9',l50 ■ ■■; ■ -■•'..- 19,150 12 Production V»Y:""-" '." ■ w': .-.:..':.L -.■ "
equipment 10s600 .'13,550 3,740 24,855 11,750 15,520 10,440 90,455 57 Mobile1'"" ; ■ " ■-.■■■;■-'■ ■":-■•• " ""■■ ■ .. ■ ..":'■.'■'.. - . ■■ . ■ : ; ■ '■>;. ■ .
equipment 360 27O 520 10 530 39^ 2,088 1 *
T o
48,950
23,610 100. a/ The buildihg? except for the extractive industries^,ineludQ 20 per cent of public works (foundationss earthwork). "■"""■ "" ' ■■■■■■'■■=
■ \ ""* Construction Activities
It is apparent that no drastic changes took place in the internal
■composition of building activities during the six years (1960-1965)• Table
10 gives a picture of the residential and non-residential- building'.activitiesfor these years.' There was a significant change only in the nuihber of flats built. This indicates a decrease in flats for rent'/probably due'to the saturation of the market. The rhythm of construction of dwellings for rent also slowed down because of the increasing number o|.;.dwelMngS;;,sold by the State, and the availability of flats left over by the emigrating foreigners.
"'■.'■ On the whole;, the structure of the building industry in Morocco seems to lie a healthy one., The source of financing is mainly private .capital (80 per
cent to QO per..'peivt)_,..see Table Mil.
L*l...v,.-4s....S.an" be. se.en, from. the., table-, -ia-vestment-iBr-bulldi-ng-was-on- a steady
increase partly due to an increase in prices, partly to a rise in standards and partly to the slight absolute rise in volume.
■ ' ■ ■ '; '"■■" public florks ■ '■";.■ ..-;.
The' exi*e;hditure''On'1'pxiblid0W6^fe4:V:^ .nard-er' t0 estimate"'due to its variety.
An- estimation made by the 'Moroccan ;Pw[D in. 1964 established a general figure
■of'-the'■ total-';--expendi;tufe- oh PX-pf'ardund'150 millions of DHf"; Out of this 90-million were for roadsjrsilWyeVports'j airfields, etc., while another 50-60 millions were for civil engineering installations of an industrial
character. However this estimate represents only a part of the total national investment in public works and civil engineering, which exceeded 400 million DH as can be seen from Table M2.
E/CET..14/IHE/163 Page .41' >
The labour force employed in public works in I963 is estimated to have
been arouni 12,500 persons-..",.(4000 directly at'the Ministry'of Public Works, the rest at the contractors).
■ -i The. yearly output of road construction in-the decade 1955-19.66 was
■ ■■■.. . v 43O .km.' -.and .there, were 49O..km ,o£ stabilized roads.1 ■ ■ ■ .. .■■ .■
In that manner the length'ofHhe third-rate roads and paths has diminished,frGm 36*000 km to 3.2,50.0.■,. • ■•■.-,■■ ... ■ ■ ■ ..
.■ .■.-.-■.. Among..the major infrastructure works undertaken in the la.st:.yea,rs were;
- Road networks in the1 provinces of Tetunan
■■-. -.Several works, in HP3.6-j EP31> EP.32 and RP5.OI ... . ■■ ;:
-.- Tertiary roads . ■ ■■■■' ..■" : . ■.- ■ , ■: -.'■.■■■" —■"■■ ■
■-.■ ■ ■ . ■ ■ - Saf.i.- fertiliser, -complex . .;■-■■ ...■ v ■ '. ... ■ ■ ■ :■ ■ ■-.. ■
■..-. f■..-. Railway■..-., extension■ to Safi "(Chemical ■..-.-Complex)■..-.■..-. ■ -...,..
.. -. Two. additional.i:.quays ;a,t .Casablanca."' . ■"■. .._ ;:;: .■■■'■..■. ■ ■-•'.:' '"" - .-. .- Improvement works at Tangier -port. and. Agadir :■--.. ■■ . . ■ . ■ ,.L-.;\: ■ '. .-r Continuation of-M'Diq port -..':;' . ; . -. c--.: .■ ,_■ '
■ :^:-;- - Aerodrome works-at Casablanca and;.Kabat ■ ..■..- r- ■ .
..- . . - lew airp.ort at Al Hoceima completed Tensift . ...., ..,...■
.,, - .Interconnected system for- Marakech -? - 0.3J..E... ■ . ■ . - Several connexions to mining and rural"areas •
Some Future Pro.jects in Public I/forks
■ Extensive" harbour'works are in progress, related to the enlargement of '" ' ■ the;p;orVof pasablanca.:';Ih the first place the following" projects' are .
_ r.. foreseens, :: ;" ■■_-■-■ '. ■ '"." V |
"'.'"'-■ "'.'"'-■"'.'"'-■"'.'"'-■ k-, ■ '■•■ ■ .■...' ' ■ -■ ■.-,■-.,-.. 2 ■ ■
"'■■'"- Construction b:f a' iiew 7?000 m store - Construction of a new silo for sugar
- Construction of .a new silo for'cereals and finally, - Extension "of port ■ :' ' ". '. '.
- Iron and steel project (under consideration).
■ ' Housing Activities
The output of dwellings ranges between 12-15 thousand a years
Table M$ % Number of Dwellings and Rooms According to Building Permits
^ I^ I957 1958 "1959 I960 1961 1962 1963 1964
Ho. of rooms 37530 31105 32905 34433 26861 28819 31778 34951 31655
3To. of dwellings I6O67 12832 14130 14273 15192 11539 12330 13472 12205Page 42
. , . The I.963 level-had not- yet;.come, up to^the: 1959 and i960 levels, Neverthelesss the value of dwellings at :cqnsta-nt prices has increased from I89 to 218 m. dirhams which in-effect means an increase of over 15 per cent in the- volume of construction-. Perhaps this is due to.
increased activity on'higher-grade.'dwellings and buildings whilst Moroccan-type dwellings had stagnated.
It has already been mentioned that oiie-fifth of ail'"buildfng--''
activities had been initiated by the Government in the field of low cost . housing. Form I956 to 1965 inclusive, 32,153 dwellings uhitshave been built by the Government in. the different towns and villages.
Since 1962V the Government has tried to settle another group of slum-dwellers who were incapable of paying the-low rent'of 6 per cent of the investment, namely at the order of 30 to; &&■■'-$&■& month. ' Thus9 they sought a more economical' solution -namely "urgency dwelling" or
"logements d'urgence". These are on 4&a^-(6 k %)■ plots and aro
entirely fenced and serviced (road3 sewe;xsy;Vater., electricity., street