HKH FRIEND

http://www.icimod.org/hkh-friend

Nile FRIEND

http://62.193.88.134/fn/

IHP – International Hydrological Programme of UNESCO http://www.unesco.org/water

http://typo38.unesco.org/index.php?id=240

HWRP – Hydrology and Water Resources Programme of WMO http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/hwrp/index_en.html

IHP/HWRP Germany http://ihp.bafg.de

GRDC – Global Runoff Data Centre http://grdc.bafg.de

http://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/Home/homepage__node.html GTN-R – Global Terrestrial Network for River Discharge http://gtn-r.bafg.de

http://gtn-r.bafg.de/servlet/is/Entry.2492.Display/

IAHS – International Association of Hydrological Sciences http://iahs.info/

EU‘s Sixth (2002-2006) Framework Programme

http://cordis.europa.eu/fp6/dc/index.cfm?fuseaction=UserSite.FP6HomePage

Mountainous oasis at an altitude of 2400 m on the southern face of Jebel M'Goun, High Atlas Mountains, Morocco.

The photo taken on 9 May 2009 shows a small mountainous oasis of about 1 ha, irrigated by means of surface water withdrawal from a mountain brook.

The scene takes place in a valley located at an altitude of 2400 m on the southern face of the Jebel M'Goun, Morocco’s (and North Africa’s) second highest mountain with a height of 4071 m.

Trees are mainly white poplars, apple and walnut trees. They border the fields that grow wheat, lucerne, and maize. May is the best time of the year as the snow above the oasis has mostly melted off and the days are becoming longer and warmer.

The larger mountain brooks, however, flow all year like the one crossing at the lower picture margin, as opposed to the foothills where there are only wadis, apart from the main rivers fed by the mountains.

Photo: Oliver Schulz, GLOWA IMPETUS project

AFD Agence Française de Développement AMIGO FRIEND Latin America and Caribbean FRIEND AOC FRIEND West and Central Africa FRIEND

AP FRIEND Asian Pacific FRIEND

ARIDA Assessment of the Regional Impact of Drought in Africa

ASSESS-HKH Assessment System to Evaluate the Ecological Status of Rivers in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan

AUF Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie AusAID Australian Government Overseas Aid Program

BfG Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde (Federal Institute of Hydrology), Koblenz, Germany

CA Central Asian

CAZALAC Water Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Zones in Latin America and the Caribbean

CEH Centre for Ecology and Hydrology

CHy Commission for Hydrology, WMO

CMS Content Management System

CTs Circulation Types

CWRC Changjiang Water Resources Commission, China

DRH Disaster Research Hyperbase

ECMWF European Centre of Medium Range Weather Forecasts

ECODAT Eco-data Management Tool

EDC European Drought Centre

EEA European Environmental Agency

EGU European Geosciences Union

EFAS European Flood Alert System

ENSO El Niño Southern Oscillation

ERB Euromediterranean Network of Experimental and Representative Basins

ESTC Erosion and Sediment Transport Component

EU European Union

EWA European Water Archive

EURO FRIEND European FRIEND

FRIEND Flow Regimes from International Experimental and Network Data

FUST Fund-In-Trust

GCM General Circulation Model

GEV Generalized Extreme Value

GIS Geological Information System

GLASOD Global Assessment of Human Induced Soil Degradation GLUE Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation

GRDC Global Runoff Data Centre

GWAVA Global Water Availability Assessment

GWR Ground Water Recharge

HEC Hydrologic Engineering Center, California, USA HELP Hydrology for the Environment, Life and Policy HKH FRIEND Hindu Kush Himalayas FRIEND

HOORC Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre

HWRP Hydrology and Water Resources Programme, WMO

HSM HydroSciences Montpellier

HTC Regional Humid Tropics Hydrology and Water Resources Centre, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia

HYCOS Hydrological Observing System

IACS International Association of Cryospheric Sciences IAHS International Association of Hydrological Sciences

ICA Integrated Catchment Approach

ICHARM International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management

ICIMOD International Center for Integrated Mountain Development

IFD Intensity Frequency Duration

IFI International Flood Initiative

IHP International Hydrological Programme

IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

IRD Institute of Research for Development

IRTCES International Research and Training Centre for Erosion and Sedimentation

IWM Institute of Water Modelling

IWRM Integrated Water Resource Management

LAC Latin America and Caribbean Region

MED FRIEND Mediterranean FRIEND

NAO North Atlantic Oscillation

NF Nile FRIEND

NZAid New Zealand’s International Aid & Development Agency POT Peak over Threshold (partial duration series)

RHDC Regional Hydrological Data Centre

RIDF Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency RISE Regional Initiative in Science Education

RSC Regional Steering Committee

RSS Really Simple Syndication

SA FRIEND Southern Africa FRIEND

SASE Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment

SM Stochastic Modelling

SOPAC Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission SSAWRN Sub-Saharan Africa Water Resources Network

SWAT Soil and Water Assessment Tool

TOR Terms Of References

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

WCRP World Climate Research Programme

WEI Water Exploitation Index

WMO World Meteorological Organisation

WWAP World Water Assessment Programme

The main contributors to each chapter are listed below. The editors would also like to thank the many FRIEND colleagues who have contributed to this report through their research, by supplying information to the authors, preparing figures or translating text.

Foreword: Siegfried Demuth Chapter 1 Introduction: Yan Huang Contributor: Siegfried Demuth

Chapter 2 European (EURO): Henny A.J. van Lanen Contributors: Ulrich Looser (Section 2.2),

Miriam Fendeková and Henny van Lanen (Section 2.3.1), David Hannah (Section 2.3.2), Šárka Blažková, K.J. Beven, T. Skaugen, T., F. Pappenberger, R. Lamb (Section 2.3.3), and Laurent Pfister, J. Buchtele, J.

Deelstra, F. Dolezal, M. Gutry-Korycka, A. Herrmann, L. Holko, Z. Kostka, Z. Kulhavy, T. Kvitek,

M. Lenartowicz, P. Miklanek, P. Pekarova, E. Querner, P. Ricicova, S. Schumann, U. Somorowska, M. Tesar, S. Uhlenbrook, P. Warmerdam, D. Woronko (Section 2.3.4).

Chapter 3 Mediterranean (MED): Gil Mahé Contributors: J.F. Boyer, E. Ferrari, B. Touaibia, G.

Mahé, M. Bakalowicz, W. Najem, E. Servat (Section 3.1.2), Ennio Ferrari (Section 3.3.1), Benina Touaibia (Section 3.3.2), Gil Mahé (Section 3.3.3), Michel Bakalowicz (Section 3.3.4), Wajdi Najem (Section 3.3.5).