SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF HEAVY ELEMENTS OF FUSION INTEREST
4. CRITICAL COMPILATIONS 1. Transition Probabilities
4.2. Energy Levels and Wavelengths 1. Tungsten
4.2.2. Heavy Noble Gases
The energy levels and observed spectral lines of xenon, in all stages of ionization for which experimental data were available through December 2002, have been compiled and published [50]. Sufficient data were found to generate level and line tables for Xe I through Xe XI, Xe XIX, Xe XXV through Xe XXIX, Xe XLIII through Xe XLV, and Xe LI through Xe LIV. For Xe LIII and Xe LIV theoretical values are compiled for the energy levels. In 15 of the other stages a few lines are reported. Experimental g-factors are included for Xe I, Xe II, and Xe III. A numerical value, either experimental, semi-empirical, or theoretical, is included for the ionization energy of each ion. Table 2 lists the number of line classifications for each stage of ionization for xenon. It is seen that for many intermediate stages of ionization, the data are either very sparse or not available at all.
80
TABLE 2. XENON CLASSIFICATIONS
Ionization Stage Number of line Ionization Stage Number of line
Classifications Classifications
Xe I 1134 Xe XXVIII 3
Xe II 1117 Xe XXIX 17
Xe III 852 Xe XXX 0
Xe IV 445 Xe XXXI 0
Xe V 273 Xe XXXII 0
Xe VI 126 Xe XXXIII 0
Xe VII 132 Xe XXXIV 0
Xe VIII 135 Xe XXXV 0
Xe IX 144 Xe XXXVI 0
Xe X 83 Xe XXXVII 0
Xe XI 208 Xe XXXVIII 0
Xe XII 0 Xe XXXIX 0
Xe XIII 0 Xe XL 0
Xe XIV 0 Xe XLI 0
Xe XV 0 Xe XLII 0
Xe XVI 0 Xe XLIII 3
Xe XVII 0 Xe XLIV 4
Xe XVIII 3 Xe XLV 25
Xe XIX 2 Xe XLVI 0
Xe XX 0 Xe XLVII 0
Xe XXI 0 Xe XLVIII 0
Xe XXII 0 Xe XLIX 0
Xe XXIII 0 Xe L 0
Xe XXIV 0 Xe LI 11
Xe XXV 12 Xe LII 8
Xe XXVI 18 Xe LIII 5
Xe XXVII 11 Xe LIV 2
The energy levels and observed spectral lines of krypton, in all stages of ionization for which experimental data were available through December 2003, have been compiled and published [51]. Sufficient data were found to generate level and line tables for Kr I through Kr X and Kr XVIII through Kr XXXVI. For Kr XXXV and Kr XXXVI and most of Kr XXXIV theoretical values are compiled for the energy levels. In all of the other stages a few lines, some of which may be only tentative classifications, are reported. Table 3 lists the number of line classifications for each stage of ionization for krypton.
81 TABLE 3. KRYPTON CLASSIFICATIONS
Ionization Stage Number of line Ionization Stage Number of line
Classifications Classifications
Kr I 860 Kr XIX 2
Kr II 1178 Kr XX 4
Kr III 877 Kr XXI 6
Kr IV 485 Kr XXII 7
Kr V 174 Kr XXIII 24
Kr VI 142 Kr XXIV 14
Kr VII 73 Kr XXV 50
Kr VIII 177 Kr XXVI 71
Kr IX 26 Kr XXVII 62
Kr X 43 Kr XXVIII 69
Kr XI 0 Kr XXIX 16
Kr XII 0 Kr XXX 10
Kr XIII 0 Kr XXXI 11
Kr XIV 0 Kr XXXII 10
Kr XV 0 Kr XXXIII 12
Kr XVI 0 Kr XXXIV 60
Kr XVII 0 Kr XXXV 110
Kr XVIII 12 Kr XXXVI 21
Note that due to limited resolution, an observed line may be due to more than one possible transition. Atomic model calculations are used to remove very weak transitions but in many cases more than one possibility remains and is included in the tables.
A compilation of the energy levels and observed spectral lines of all the ionized stages of argon was published (see note Added in Proofs).
5. SUMMARY
Research on the spectra and structure of heavy elements by the Atomic Spectroscopy Group of NIST has produced considerable advances during the last 5 years. With an EBIT, we have observed the spectra of highly charged ions of tungsten in the range from W54+ to W63+, and we analyzed their structure and identified the principal transitions with modeling codes utilizing isoelectronic trends. Also, we carried out comprehensive critical compilations of spectral data – energy levels, wavelengths and transition probabilities – for all spectra of tungsten as well as several other heavy elements of fusion interest, specifically Al, Si, S, Ar, Cl, Fe, Kr and Xe. Calculations of ionization and excitation cross sections were carried out for some W, Mo and noble gas ions with the BEB method, and good agreement with experiments was obtained.
Note Added in Proofs
This work was presented at an IAEA meeting in 2009 and prepared for publication shortly thereafter. Since that time, much more work has been done in the areas discussed, and several studies referred to as "underway" or "to be published" have been completed and published. In particular, the work on collisional excitation of Ar described in section 3.3 was published in 2010; see Ali, M.A., Stone, P. M., Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 294 (2010) 59. A critical compilation of argon spectral data mentioned in the end of section 4.2.2 was also published;
see Saloman, E.B., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 39 (2010) 033101. The ongoing work on critical compilation of transition probabilities in argon [41] and chlorine [42] spectra, mentioned in
82
section 4.1, is going to be continued by other authors, since D.E. Kelleher has died in March 2017, and L.I. Podobedova is no longer associated with the Atomic Spectroscopy Group at NIST.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was partially supported by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, U.S.
Department of Energy.
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