I. 6 : Positionnement de l’étude
V.III Expérimentation en laboratoire
Les variations d’aluminisation observées sur l’auto-aluminisation des vermiculites sont la conséquence directe des compétitions entre échanges et dissolution. Kalinowski et Schweda (2007) avaient montré l’importance du pH sur l’adsorption d’aluminium. En effet, 55 % de l’aluminium était adsorbé à pH 3 alors que 94 % de l’aluminium était adsorbé à pH 4 dans l’espace interfoliaire des vermiculites. Ces résultats montrent que lorsque l’acidité augmente, la dissolution prend le pas sur les processus d’échange et donc sur l’aluminisation. Lors de l’étude d’auto-aluminisation de la partie III, les compétitions entre l’échange interfoliaire et la dissolution ont pu être exacerbées grâce aux variations observées à travers la taille des particules. Une autre façon d’observer ces différences pourrait donc être de faire varier le pH de la solution entrante. La combinaison des effets de taille de particules et de variations de pH permettrait donc d’exacerber particulièrement les différences entre les processus d’échange des cations interfoliaires et la dissolution des vermiculites. Ainsi, les conditions préférentielles d’aluminisation ou de dissolution pourraient être définies pour des particules représentatives d’échantillons de sols et dans des gammes de pH qui sont rencontrées dans les sols.
Les systèmes étudiés dans ces expériences de laboratoire sont très simples par rapport aux conditions observées dans les milieux naturels. L’expérience réalisée par Hinsinger (1993) sur l’auto-aluminisation de phlogopites montre que les phlogopites avec une taille comprise entre 2 et 105 µm sont facilement transformées en HIV par l’action des racines de colza alors que la majorité des expériences en laboratoire avec des acides simples n’ont pas
170 montrées de transformations des phlogopites (Clemency and Lin, 1981; Lin and Clemency, 1981b; Kalinowski and Schweda, 1996; Kalinowski and Schweda, 2007). L’effet de la taille des particules sur les transformations minéralogiques liées à l’action des racines des plantes n’a pas été testée. Ce travail pourrait permettre de mieux comprendre l’action des racines des plantes et déterminer si les minéraux argileux potassiques, notamment ceux de taille infra micrométrique, rencontrés dans les sols peuvent constituer une ressource en potassium.
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