Conclusion

L’origine entropique de l’élasticité des élastomères a permis de construire des modèles microscopiques pour décrire le comportement macroscopique des élastomères. Afin d’améliorer leur propriétés mécaniques, des charges sont introduites dans les matrices élastomères.. Le renforcement du module s’accompagne de comportements non linéaires très marqués : l’effet Payne (diminution du module aux faible déformation accompagné d’un pic de dissipation) ; et l’effet Mullins (adoucissement du matériau sous l’effet de sollicitation cyclique répétées.

Le renforcement ainsi créé ne se résume pas à des effets géométriques liés aux tailles et à la quantité de charge. En effet le renforcement varie avec la température et l’amplitude de déformation. Un modèle de pont vitreux permet d’apporter une vision unifiée, semi-quantitative de l’ensemble des comportements.

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III. Propagation de fissure : état