L’engrais vert consistant en un mélange de trèfle rouge et trèfle blanc implanté en intercalaire de la culture d’orge a été celui qui a produit le plus de biomasse et accumulé le plus d’azote dans tous les cas. Il est également le seul ayant mené à des hausses de rendements de la culture subséquente par rapport au témoin lors de chacun des essais. Plusieurs études utilisant le trèfle implanté en intercalaire d’une céréale ont démontré le potentiel de cet engrais vert à produire une biomasse intéressante dans une multitude de contextes en plus de démontrer un effet positif sur le rendement de la culture subséquente. Pour ces raisons, il semble que l’utilisation d’un engrais vert de trèfle implanté en intercalaire d’une céréale est une pratique recommandable qui devrait être appliquée à plus grande échelle.
Au contraire, les autres engrais verts ont produit des biomasses plus faibles et aucun d’entre eux n’a démontré d’effets positifs sur le rendement de la culture subséquente. Le pois fourrager a cependant démontré qu’il pouvait contenir un fort pourcentage d’azote. Par conséquent, il peut s’agir d’une option intéressante à condition qu’il arrive à produire une biomasse suffisante. Il pourrait être possible d’y parvenir en l’implantant le plus tôt possible et en utilisant un cultivar reconnu pour sa productivité. Les engrais verts de non- légumineuses ont, lors d’un essai, mené à une baisse de rendement, ce qui indique que leur utilisation devrait se faire avec prudence. Cependant, ces engrais verts n’ont pas été fertilisés à l’automne comme c’est souvent le cas. Ceci a possiblement affecté négativement leur apport potentiel à la culture suivante. Par contre ils ont démontré une capacité à capter l’azote résiduel du sol. Il pourrait donc être intéressant d’explorer davantage l’utilisation de ces engrais verts dans le cadre d’une valorisation automnale des engrais de ferme.
Le traitement d’enfouissement des engrais verts n’a été significatif que pour quelques variables lors de quelques essais. L’effet de ce traitement parait modulé par les conditions climatiques, il est donc impossible d’en tirer des conclusions générales. La réponse au traitement d’enfouissement semble aussi être le résultat d’un effet sur les propriétés du sol au printemps plus qu’un effet sur la minéralisation de l’azote des résidus d’engrais verts.
L’enfouissement de printemps pourrait, dans certains cas, compromettre la qualité du semis et ralentir le réchauffement et le ressuyage du sol au printemps.
83
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