Chapitre III : Conclusions et perspectives
3.4. Conclusion générale
L’objectif de ce projet de recherche était de caractériser l’impact de la cigarette électronique sur la santé pulmonaire. Pour ce faire, nous avons développé un système d’exposition aux vapeurs de cigarette électronique. En utilisant un e-liquide sans nicotine et sans saveur, nous avons pu cerner les effets de l’inhalation du propylène glycol et du glycérol sur la santé pulmonaire.
Nous avons pu déterminer que la cigarette électronique n’induit pas d’inflammation au niveau du poumon, mais vient perturber son cycle circadien. Par des euthanasies périodiques, nous avons pu établir que l’exposition aux vapeurs de cigarette électronique vient perturber le cycle d’expression des gènes impliqués dans la régulation du cycle circadien au niveau pulmonaire, mais également systémique. Nous avons également
démontré que le propylène glycol et le glycérol ont un rôle à jouer dans la perturbation de l’expression des gènes impliqués dans la régulation du cycle circadien observé.
Une perturbation du cycle circadien par la cigarette électronique peut avoir des conséquences importantes sur la régulation de l’inflammation ou la régulation du métabolisme. Nous investiguerons donc les mécanismes derrière ce phénomène grâce à des inhibiteurs pharmacologiques et de souris transgéniques. Nous irons donc évaluer l’impact de la cigarette électronique sur la régulation de l’inflammation induite par la fumée de cigarette de tabac ou encore en contexte d’infection bactérienne ou virale. Nous irons également cerner l’impact de la cigarette électronique sur la production de glucose, plus particulièrement la gluconéogenèse, en exposant des souris aux vapeurs de cigarette électronique qui auront une diète riche en gras ou en glucides.
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