Les résultats de cette étude confirment que l’entraînement par intervalles inframaximal est un entraînement approprié pour les individus déjà entraînés en endurance qui souhaitent améliorer davantage leur performance. En effet, six semaines d’entraînement par intervalles inframaximal permettent d’améliorer le VO2max, l’endurance et la puissance de pédalage à VO2max. Cette étude indique aussi que l’entraînement
par intervalles supramaximal à des intensités intermédiaires (115 % PAM) permet d’améliorer le VO2max
autant que l’entraînement par intervalles inframaximal, mais avec près de la moitié du volume d’entraînement. En prime, contrairement à l’entraînement inframaximal, il permet d’améliorer la capacité anaérobie.
L’entraînement par intervalles supramaximal est donc approprié chez des individus entraînés en endurance souhaitant améliorer à la fois leur aptitude aérobie et anaérobie. Toutefois, l’amélioration du VO2max avec
l’entraînement supramaximal semble grandement influencée par le VO2max de départ, de sorte que les
athlètes ayant des VO2max extrêmement élevés pourraient ne pas bénéficier de cette forme d’entraînement.
En somme, tant l’entraînement par intervalles inframaximal que supramaximal sont appropriés pour améliorer les déterminants de la performance chez le sportif d’endurance. Ces deux formes d’entraînement semblent avoir des cibles d’améliorations différentes, ce qui pourrait rendre leur combinaison intéressante.
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