Conclusion du chapitre 2

Au cours de ce chapitre, nous avons détaillé les méthodologies mises en œuvre pour caractériser les profils verticaux de spéciation en phase aqueuse et la distribution en phase solide de nombreux composants des sédiments de surface. Ces données générales sont essentielles dans un premier temps pour caractériser l’état d’avancement des processus diagénétiques au fur et à mesure de l’enfouissement de la matière organique particulaire, et dans un second temps pour identifier les paramètres clés affectant la dynamique sédimentaire d’As et de Cr. Les outils de

modélisation contribuent à l’interprétation des résultats par l’évaluation de la distribution des différentes espèces en phase aqueuse, mais également par la détermination du niveau de saturation des eaux interstitielles vis-à-vis d’un cortège minéralogique (minéraux arséniés, chromés, sulfurés, etc.).

Si les calculs d’équilibres thermodynamiques peuvent aider à l’interprétation, l’étude expérimentale de la spéciation redox d’As et de Cr reste nécessaire pour bien comprendre le devenir de ces deux éléments sous gradient redox. Des méthodes analytiques ont été spécifiquement développés pour caractériser la distribution des espèces arséniées et chromées présentes dans les eaux interstitielles.

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Chapitre 3. Développement d’outils