Sanjay Kumar Yadav et al.
TABLE10INFLUENCE OF HIGH-INPUT FARMING SYSTEM VARIABLES ON INCOME.
Sustainable rice fanning systems ...
High-input variables Regression co- R2 Adjusted F Sig.
efficient R2
Land .825 .677 .642 18.902 .000**
Labor -.101 .237
Capital .072 .363
- Credit .163 .047*
Technology .029 .780
Management -.101 .325
Market Constant (a) 7822.322
• Statistical significance at 0.05 level •• Statistical significance at 0.01 level
TABLE11 INFLUENCE OF HIGH-INPUT FARMING SYSTEM VARIABLES ON COST.
High-input variables Regression co- R2 Adjusted F Sig.
efficient R2
Land -.314 .156 .062 1.658 .024
Labor .220 .114
Capital .110 .389
- Credit -.043 .743
Technology .169 .314
Management -.270 .106
Market
Constant (a) 1317.942
• Statistical significance at 0.05 level
Sanjay Kumar Yadav et al. Sustainable riee farming systems ...
significant to cause difference in cost at 0.05 level of statistical significance which means that the use of technology can increase the cost.
Under high-input farming condition, the land and technology have been found statistically significant to cause difference in income at 0.01 and 0.05 level of statistical significance respectively which means that the income can be increased by increasing the use of the combination of the land and technology. Land has also been found negatively significant to cause difference in the cost at 0.05 level of statistical significance which means that an increase in land size decreases the cost.
ln order to facilitate the adoption of sustainable farming system in the future, the following recommendations have been made:
1. As this study has indicated that income and employment opportunity can be increased by increasing the use of land and technology, putting a large amount of land under cultivation may create another environmental problems. So, the emphasis here should concentrate on the main problem directly affecting the achievement of sustainable land use and development strategy to advance the achievement of land and technology. Accordingly, it should focus on how to deal with them in order to increase income and employment opportunity contributing to improve rural economies with significant responsibilities in the development process, thereby increasing the Iikelihood of its being positively received by the group and of helping to ensure sustainable resource development.
2. For this group with so many requirements demanding ail or more of the resources that priorities must be determined and foIl owed, the recommended criteria thus place due emphasis on a positive intellectual approach via effective and efficient policy strategies, plans, and local farm programs to provide a foundation in strengthening and enhancing a continually updated supply of information-technology for the farmers' group and an informational servicing capability specification of activities and functions to be performed as central to replace the current high-input (conventional) farming system with low-input (sustainable) farming system with the short-term rural economic viability.
3. The emphasis should be on questions and issues concerning the:
inter-relatedness of such units and dimensions of the overall system (structure) as research-extension-farmer-Iinkages, training, social organization and management mechanisms involving a knowledge of the overall social, economic, cultural background of the society in addition to its agricultural pattern. These concerns cali for a greater scope, intensity, and quality of effort of extension programs if farmers are to receive relevant and realistic assistance and advice on a firsthand and timely basis with reliable information and other services. This is necessary for the extension strategies and continued training technique to assure coherence and efficiency of effort, and relevance and effectiveness of results in performing the true functions of practical work in relation to the practical needs that people collectively provide for supporting themselves in what they want to do in the environ ment and
The Chao Phraya Delta: Historieal Development, Dynamies and Challenges of Thailand's Riee Bowl
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Sanjay Kumar Yadavetal. Sustainable riee farming systems ...
conditions on which they work at the farmers level to integrate farming system rather than rice monoculture.
4. Future strong productive research-extension-application development linkages should be strengthened seriously with special attention to forge practical experiences both technical agriculture and integration function concerning sustainable resource management to deal with only as to complete the systems paradigm. This, of course, could be visualized as being important not only with the extension agencies but a/so with ail other agencies including credit agencies, farmers organizations, marketing agencies, and even private organizations dealing with agricultural development at the local community. This suggests that the communication interaction stance must also carry over into the action taken to generate reliable information and organic technologies as effective substitute of chemical inputs, effective policies and management mechanisms. This in essence is to support the farmers' decision making to adopt sustainable farming technologies, wise use of land and technologies by the farmers to improve farm productivity to increase income and employment opportunities apart from implementation of effective extension strategies, methods, techniques, and devices such as continued training, demonstrations, field trips, and group discussions related to sustainable resource management practices in agriculture as being central requirements. To insure that this activity is properly oriented to the intended information users they should participate in ail operational decisions on what is done on their behalf and how findings are to be effectively used.
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The Chao Phraya Delta: Historieal Development, Dynamies and Chal/enges of Thailand's Riee Bowl
Wijam Simachaya Water quality situation in the Chao Phraya Delta