Proceedings of the International Conference:

Kasetsart Uoiver ity

... ev If'

3-J1111't1Ul"

a

a

. .

t'1IIn,rslt>

Proceedings of the International Conference:

The Chao Phraya Delta :

Historical Development

Dynamics and Challenges of Thailand

s Rice Bowl

Volume 1

12-13 -14 -15 December 2000, Kasetsart University, Bangkok

Proceedings of the International Conference:

The Chao Phraya Delta :

Historical Development, Dynamics and Challenges of Thailand's Rice Bowl

12-13 -14-15 December 2000,. Kasetsart University, Bangkok

Kasetsart University

IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement) Chulalongkorn University, CUSRI

Kyoto University, CSEAS

Frontcover: ail snapshots trom the Chao Phraya Delta by François Molle

Rice fields in Tha Maka Weir in the Mae Klong Mobile pump set used Rice fields near a Dredging canals: an project, Mae Klong 1rrigation Project for plot irrigation garbage dump unending task

Raising geese Transmitting culture and Lowlift axial pumps used Fields of taro being Motorised spraying of wisdom: old woman and to pump water from the irrigated rice fields

her grandson main canal

Canal in Damnoen Mechanisation of the Raised beds for Post harvest work at Raised beds in Saduak area harvesting of sugar cane vegetable production home Damnoen Saduak area

Kasetsart University

IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement) Chulalongkorn University, CUSRI

Koto University, CSEAS

Proceedlngs of the Internatlonal Conference: .

The Chao Phraya Delta :

Historical Development, Dynamics and Challenges of Thailand's Rice Bowl

Volume 1

Keynote address

P2: Land use: constraints, competition and opportunities P3: Water resources management and environmental issues

Volume 2

Pl: The delta way of Iife and transformation: tradition and change

P4: The village community: transformations of the farm structure and economy P5: Rural-urban interactions: the Delta and Bangkok Metropolitan area

P6: The Delta in the National and Regional Context

Scientific Committee of the Conference Srisak Wallipodom

Atsushi Kitahara (Nagoya Univ.)

Aphiphan Pookpakdi (Kasetsart University) Booriboon Samrid(IRRIIDOA)

Mingsarn Kaosa-ard (Chiang Mai University) Apichart Anukularmphai (A & R)

Chatthip Nartsupha (Chulalongkorn University) Akin Rabibhadana

Amara Pongsapich (Chulalongkorn University) Ammar Siamwalla (TDRI)

Charnvit Kasetsiri (Thammasat University) Yoshihiro Kaida (Kyoto University)

Rapporteurs

Naruemon Hinshiranan (Chula)

Banthinee Soothsukon (Kasetsart University)

François Molle (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement) Somporn Isvilanonda (Kasetsart University)

Porphant Ouyyanont (Sukhothai Thammatirat Univ.) Thanawat Jarupongsakul (Chulalongkorn University) 0" anisin Committee of the Conference

Supot Faungfupong

Vice-President for Research and Academie Service, KU Napavarn Noparatnaraporn

Dir. of Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute Phacharavadee Paerattakul

International Affairs Division, Kasetsart University Mailings, registration, information

Amphawan Guadkhan (DORAS, Kasetsart University)

Rooms, catering, reception, transports, social events, field trips KURDI staff and International affairs Division staff

Conference Secretariat

• François Molle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

• Thippawal Srijantr, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University

• Amara Pongsapich, CUSRI, Chulalongkorn University

• Yoshihiro Kaida, CSEA, Kyoto University

• Bordin Rassameethes , KURDI, Kasetsart University

Panel 1 Panel 1 Panel 2 Panel 2 Panel 3 Panel 3 Panel 4 Panel 4 Panel 5 Panel 5 Panel 6 Panel 6

Panel 1 Panel 2 Panel 3 Panel 4 Panel 5 Panel 6

Contents

Keynote address

Srisak Wallipodom

The Chao Phraya society: Development and Change

Panel 2

Land use: constraints, competition and opportunities

7

Aphiphan Pookpakdi

Establishing rice-Iegume cropping systems in the central plain for better productivity and sustainability 35 D.W. Puckridge, Tawee Kupkanchanakul, Wilailak Palaklung and Kalaya Kupkanchanakul

Production of rice and associated crops in deeply flooded areas of the Chao Phraya basin. 51 Buntoon Chunnasit, Jacques Pages, Onouma Duangngam

Incidence of Bangkok city development on peri-urban agricultural patterns and cropping systems evolution 87 Atsushi Tomita

Vegetation patterns in the Chao Phraya Delta. 1997 dry season using satellite image data 101

Tran Hung, Yoshifumi Yasuoka 111

Remote sensing and GIS to study the sub-urbanisation dynamics: a case study in Northeastern Bangkok. Thailand Kiyoshi Torii, Yoshiaki Mori, Yasutomi Nakano, Katsuji Shimokouji. Prapant Svetanant. Phaisal Lekthai

The evaluation of landuse changes in the lower Chao Phraya East Bank on the basis of remote-sensing 125

X

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in the Central Plain of Thailand. Remote sensing and GIS

to identify factors and indicators related to dengue transmission 141

Masatomo Umitsu

Geo-environment and Effect of sea Level Rise in the Chao Phraya Delta 153

BrianW.Szuster and Mari<S.Flaherty

Inland low-salinity shrimp farming in the central plains region of Thailand 159

Orapan Srisawalak-Nabangchang, Warin Wonghanchao

Evolution of land-use in urban-rural fringe area: the case of Pathum Thani Province 171

Sanjay Kumar Yadav, Pote Boonruang, Savitree Rangsipaht, and Supapom Thaipakdee Potential effects on rural economies of conversion to sustainable farming systems :

the case of Sa See Moom rice farmer group, Kamphaengsaen. Nakhon Pathom province 187

Panel 3

Water resources management and environmental issues

Wijam Simachaya, Pimon Watanamahart, Vuttichai Kaewkrajang and Akaluk Yenpiem Water Ouality Situation And Its Disaster ln The Chao Phraya Delta

Monchan Maketona, Rachadapom Kittiworachetb, Charuwan Somsirib and Tippanan Ngamprayadc

Benthic Fauna and Water Ouality in the Chao Phraya River .

Roongnapa Korparditskul and Roland Poss

Environmental aspects of raised bed intensive cultivation

199

219

233 Charit Tingsabadh and Wilawan Chaturongpalathipat

The costs and benefits from utilizing fresh water for salinily intrusion for tangerine plantation

in Bangmod area, Bangkok 235

Sombat Sae-Hae

An analytical supply response model of irrigable area project: case study of the Chao Phraya river basin 249 Yoshihiko Ogino

The drainage improvement and rural development in the delta with emphasis

on the case studies in Rangsit Tai and Bang Ban areas 265

Sutat Weesakul and Supot Thammasittirong

Operational flood forecasting for Chao Phraya river basin 267

Tawatchai Tingsanchali

Forecasting model of Chao Phraya river flood levels at Bangkok 281

Siripong Hungspreug, Wirat Khao-uppatum, Suwit Thanopanuwat

Flood management in the Chao Phraya basin 293

Thanawat Jaropongsakul, Sunya Sraphirome, Rasame SlJwanweerakamton and Chaiyuth Sukhsri

Flood risk in the Chao Phraya Delta 313

/

Chatchom Chompadist, Francois Molle and Sripen Durongdet

... Flood management and flood prone rice systems of the Chao Phraya delta 335

Naritaka Kubo and Chikayo Hotta

Proposai for enhancing flood retarding capacity in the Chao Phraya Delta 361

Bancha Kwanyuen

Comparative study of rainfall change in the north of Thailand 369

Francois Molle, Chompadist, C.and Jesda Kaewkulaya

Dry-season water allocation in the Chao Phraya basin: what is at stake and how to gain in efficiency and equity 379 Tomohisa Fujiki

Water balance analysis of irrigation management for preparation of dry season rice in Chao Phraya Delta-

The case of Khok Katiem and Roeng Rang irrigation projects 417

Piphat Sathianpantarit, Anusak Mujalinvimuti, Phonchai Klinkhachom,Athapom Punyachom, Somnuk Jirasirisopon, Yoshito Yuyama

Water management in the upper East Bank of Chao Phraya Delta 427

Ayumi Kawabata, Masayoshi Satoh, Varawoot Vudhivanich

Operation principles of multipurpose reservoirs for stable water supply in the Mae Klong river basin 453 Gideon Oron, Rainer Loor, Annin Rieser, Sirpong Hungspreug, Daniel Greenwald, Sabine Hoynck. Chawee Wongprasittipom, Md. Mainnuddin

The raie of Information for Improved Irrigation in the Phitsanuloke Irrigation Project:

Implication for the Chao-Phraya Basin 471

Posters

E.Mollard, Supan Kamchanasutham, Yupa Limsawad

Regional factors for rice intensification and diversification, amphoe Bang Len 491

Patcharapom Phupaibul, Udom Kaewsuwan, Jatupom Jitbuntanom, Nanthana Chinoim and Matoh Toro Environmental impact of the raised-bed (rong chin) system along the Tha Chin River

in Supanburi - Nakhon Pathom Provinces 503

Srisak Wallipodom KEYNOTE address:The Chao Phraya Society: Development and Change

The Chao Phraya Society: Development and Change

Prof. Srisak Wallipodom

~

.

8\1 A3-Ja3-J

bbaJÜ1b;ij1'W'~!J1 ^: cWOOJu1n1'bu~~n1'b ^1.Ja!J\Hb l..h~\1

YrOOJU1

m'j'Yll\1tl'j::1~

fll1l{100JUi5'j'j3-l~fJ\I

~fJ

~~Ubb

~\I

.fl~ liflfll1l{tJfJ\I~UL1mUfll3-1b 'YI~~3-Ib:5'l'W'j::m ..

ribL1l~ ..

'YIa-i~

~l ..

bb'YI~\I~fJ\I

~

~'YIfil

~1 ~'Yll\1tfl ~YrU6'11

~UfJ

~H'i

~

l~U «n'H-f.l..l::~h

î1fJ\I «\11"13-1

~

~fJ

bb~::-nlm'j

~

~"fJ

'Yl::bfi

TL1l~ ~ bba-ilÏl~ll"1 ~fJ\I

tl"bflU~1111 ~m

~ufJmb~::.fll~l

bb'YI~\llÏl

byJfJ m'j nUfJ

~bb~::m'j ..

'YI~\lîlfJ\I

fiwii1U~fJ~ ^... ..

1iÏ~

tlUb~

-r~

~~UbbtJ ~\I

~~

fJ~l\1'jUbb 'j\lnU~11111InlUi5'j'j3-lîlfJ

U~

lÏl bn L1l

b~fJ ~

tlU«\lI"13-1é1l11fll'Y1m'j3-l~b~3-I3-I1bb~

3-I'W~ ~Hl'H-~

.., ..

'jtfl1l FI 'J13.1 U1

..

~UL1lfJUfll3-1b'Y1~~3-Ib:5'l'W'j::m

~ilijnnu-k11tJl1~3-IlÏlb:5'1'W'j::mlfu

1"1\1 b

'YI~fJunU~U~~3-I

U~~U

T~n ~btlubb'YI~\lbn L1lîlfJ\llJ1Ub~fJ\lbbfi::-rfü~1 muTl1I1uflif~

TU'jlf.l..l

la-il1'1::btlu~

ufiîlfJ\I~ ~tJ ~ ~ 3-Ibba-iJl~Ui5î1fJ\I~Ub~~ ~3-Ibba-iJl

'Yllifbï~

., ^"

cv 1 1 0 Co d 1 1 a d cv ILl d d ! I U d cv cv a d dl

bbfi::n3-l'Wtfl_.. bb~::~3-I_q bb3-lUlfJ'j1 L1lîlfJ\I'W3-Il 1111\1 n3-l'Wlnlulnl'jîlfJ\lU1Ub3-lfJ\l'Yll"1fil~1"1 fi \1

nu uun

mUb~fJ\I ~hFÏ

b~fJ\I

~UU~

1~ ~

~fJ

~UfJ

'Yl::b~ bb~::

.fll

~

'YI11I~~YrInlU

tlUb~fJ\I~

L1l~ulf

bl1fJ\I 3-11'11 n

fl.fll'W'Yll\1.fl~ liflfll1l{btlwi1'1lij~alFÏru ~UL1lfJUfll3-1b'YI~~3-I'YI~fJ bL1l~

~fJ~U~'jlU~3-I~bn

'Ilnm'j-nUfJ 3-IîlfJ\ITI"1

fiUI1I::nfJU~bba-ilÏlbb~::~llÏ1YrL1l'Wl~\l3-Il'11n.flbîllbb~::~U~fl\l

~\I

tlu~U~fJ

fl3-l1J'jclL'Ï1

~~ ~

~

'Wl::tJ~nVltfYruqt5qjqjl'Y11'j~b~~\lI"1U

m'j~~llÏlbb~::bba-iJl~l 'YI~ ~\lri'Yl::b~ ..

~~m'jbl"1~fJU

.. I"1U-#\I'Iln.fll~UfJ

bb~::.fll~l

3-Ili\l'YI«mb'YI~\I~fJ~m liÏ~fJ ~l\1m1'j

bb~::YrInlUl~UbtlUlJ1Ub~fJ\I'Yll\1

'" ( ) <> d'

bn'H-l1I'jm'j3-lbb~::m'j1"11î11~ port politY bnL1lîlU

. The Chao Phraya Delta: Historical Development, Dynamics and Challenges of Thailand's Rice Bowl

Srisak Wallipodom KEYNOTE address:The Chao Phraya Society: Development and Change

.., Il:-. ..., ~ ~ d 1 IL' .., IL' . .d ca cl'

m'Vi1il1"Hl.ll1i11f1 flf1~~::nl";jj;h1f;]\.l,31\.l,'Yle:J~mI01mLfl::fl'Jll'ViLL1 ln fl e:J~ fl'\I~~ ~~~~'YlLfiln!l\.l,1.1\.l,

~\.l,lne:J\.l,~Ufl'l~L 'Yl~~~LLgf1nmlilL~~fI

tJ\.l,a\l~~q~LL3,hi'1

'Vi";jl::nl";j~\I'Ylifi

LL

YI~\lliI::Ln ln~\.l,j;Jl~i~ ~\I

1~1~ fle:J\I~L

~~\.l,

~~,r\l~\.l,

~L

1~i~

~\lLL3,hi'larmtlw~'\.l,~~\I~Lnlnlillf1nl";j't11.1f;]~!le:J\I t~fl\.l,j;J::f1e:J\.l,

t\.l,m~~Jltr\.l,~\lt\.l,~~Jl LtI\.l,~

L

'Yl~1::fÏ1.1nl";jfl'-rl\1'Ùl\.l,L~e:J\.l,LLfl::L~e:Jn.fl'1\.l,LtJ\.l,LL'Y1~\I~~tI\.l, ~\lLL~";j::i1.1YI~Ùl\.l,

L~e:J\I

(towns)

LLfl::\.l,~";j

L~~\I";jl~e:J~~1~i~~\lLL3.hi'1~1~fle:J\I ~ULL1.11.1!le:J\lnl";j~\I~\.l,jl\.l,L

1m11um~~1J'1

r;ll\.l,'Yl'lZl!le:J\lÙl\.l,L~e:J\.l,~e:J~mA~";j1~,r\l1ln11m";jl~~LtI\.l,Al

fl'\.l,fl'm\.l,

~1\1

1~1F1 fle:J\I~L

~~\.l,

~~,r\l~\.l, ri1\.l,r;l1\.l,'Yli\l!le:J\ltI~tI\.l,narfi

'YI~\1

t~\I

~\.l,1~1

'Yl~\I~.yhnl";jL 'Vil::Uflfl~tI~fl'Yll\1LfI~j;J";jfl";j";j~ Fl11~~h~ru~tln [;IL~W~m\l

a\l FI

~~~LLaJJ'

~m

~~~~nl";jLFI~

~~\.l,LL

fl\le:J~

~11i11

nl";j~

'Ylfll

~L~l~\.l,d"

~1lW.l\.l,fj";j";j~,r\l~L';1~11i11

~\.l,e:J

~e:J\.l,fil ~1iI1 fI~\.l,~Jll ~

(hinter land)

~1~~~U\.l,L

~1\1 ~m

t~Lnln\J";jnllnl";j'Yll\11lW.l\.l,fj";j";j~LLfl::nl";jL~e:J\I~\.l,L

a\l

FI~~L

LLfl::m~llij

\.l,~~ln

\.l,e:J flliIl

flit~Jll'ViLLfl::ifI~~::'Yll\1.IJ~

~\.l,lne:J\.l,~U fl'1~

YI~~~

i1li1lij~~fll~ qjâ

~l\1Y1it\l~.yh

~a\l

~

~

1~~(;lJ\.l,

U~~\.l,LL

~

~11i11f1

t1\.l,~[;le:J\.l,!le:J\I~\.l,~\.l,

~~\.l,Lft\.l,

L~\.l,!le:J\I

1~1J'l~L

FI~"

~

il

t

1....

1iI1i11.1"'Ylflfl\iil\.l,'Yll\1 [;l1\.l, 1.1";jl~~[;lLLfl::u";j::1~1011fl'mL 'Yll'YlI01f1~lf1\.l, ~Wll~::\.l, [;lfl'::'Yle:J"~'YlL'Yl"f;]\1

~

...

~(;lJ\.l,lnl";j!le:J\lÙl\.l,L~

FI~~"~6~a~~\.l,d"fÏ1.1

~~"LL

fl\l'Yll\1Jl~

~"[;le:J"";jU

~l~L'Yl~~~Llijl'Vi";j::me:J~l\1'lZe:J~

fl'arm1fllr;l1~fÏ" ~e:Jfl'ar~tfl'Yl::j;Je:J\.l,Ufll~ fl'ar~'Yl11";j1~

fl'Vi1.1~

LLfl::~ar~e:J~fjm

LL~nl";jL~1.1

~~~ ~LLaJJ'l~ilnLliI\.l,LLfl::fl1.1L ite:J\I~lli1\.l,ii\li1li1li1'Ü\.l,~\.l,

a '1 1 d d ~ ^{d ..} .1

LLfl LYI\.l,~\.l,tl1\1L1fll'Ylfll\1I01";je:J~fjm LLfl::f11\1 L'Yl'Vi"1 Lu\.l,";jlt1fjl"LLfl::,=!\.l,~fi fll\1!le:J\lu";j::L 'Yl A

'l-tfl1t11 nl";j r;l1 \.l,fj";j

&a~j

~t~Jll'Vit~";j\l

~Jll'Vi!le:J\I~\.l,[;le:J\.l,fl'1~

YI~~~Llijl'Vi";j::m e:J~l\1LtI\.l,~Lil11i1LLri'lÏl'ViLlijlLtJ"e:J~l\1~ n~e:J

t~Bnlfl' 'Yllnl~l LL'YI\I~'Yl11'Ylmimnmtj;J

U";j::L'YlAnit/\.l,.~ ~

LtI"~\I~.yh

~'lÏl'ViLlijl'l,b1UL~e:J~t~\lfÏ1.1~lW.l\.l,

~ ~\.l,~6~L

tJ"L~e:J\l1r;l

e:J

~1\1

fj";j";j~

nl~11r;lLLti\l~\.l,~Jll ~

~

'Yl~e:Je:J

t1\.l,fl'1~

~

1.1\.l, (upper reach)

~ e:JU";j::~1~~\lLL~lij\lYl1[;lL~~\lt'YlaJfl\l~lli1"ii\l~j;J";j~

~ ifl~~::.IJ~U";j::L

LLfl::~\.l,~";jl1.1q~";j::Yl11\1L!l1

~\ILL~~~";j~

~

LLfl::i~\.l,

tJ\.l,~\.l,~.lJL!ll

~\.l,~fll[;lLLfl::~";jl1.1~U

&I( ) . f d : ' , dI( ) . f d 1 ( )~

'Vi[;l Fan-terrace Complex LLfl::'Vi\.l,'Yl\.l,1'Yl1~f;]\I flood plain LLfl::'Vi\.l,'Yl j;1 e:J \.l,fl 1\1 lower reach j;J\I

LL~lij\l'Yl1lni~\.l, l'Ylfl\l~lli1\.l,liI [;l~111'Yl~

1nlj;Je:J\.l,~l\1it'l-t1.1L

tJ"1.1iL1~~\.l,[;le:J\.l,fl'13-lL 'Yl~~~

.. d. 1 . . . f d ( ) .f d d . 1^&1

LliJl'Vi";j::m 'Ylu";j::fle:J1.1 ln1~'Vi\.l,'Yl.IJL!ll mountains LLfl::'Vi"'Ylfll [;l LLfl::'Yl";jl1.1~u'Vi ln (Fan-terrace

The Chao Phraya Deffa: Historieal Development. Dynamies and Challenges of Thailand's Riee Bowl

8

Srisak Wallipodom KEYNOTE address:The Chao Phraya Society: Development and Change

Complex) 'Yll \1

~1\l,1'I::1\l,1'I

\l,Tlfil::~tJ~L

Û\l,~\l,1n

~

delta) LLfl::

~\l,Ine:J\l,ala.!

'YI~

tJ~L

fil~L

~a.!LL~itJ\l,

~\le:J~

'I..I~L1fil~~ft\l,~,.hyba.!~\1

';i1a.!e:J~~1tJ'Yll\1~1\l,1'I::1\l,e:Je:Jfl /;"hWvt\l,~Llnfl!iÏ~lt'YIa.!~\l,n\l,

' 1 ~ ~

o d d .., 0 1 .., 0 .., • . . , . . , dl 1

tJ';iL1 fil 'Yla.!';i:: IntJ 1'11 ml ~.<t' La.!I'I';i liJl fl ';i:: IntJ\l,1'Yl:: Lfl 1'1 \1 LLl'lliJ \1 'YI1 ln e:J tJ r'i m fl\l a.!lliJ\l,(J \1 fl';i \1 L'Yl'Vi"1 LLfl:: en 1

• •

1'YltJ'"

L~

Wll'Vi'Yll\1JJ~

fl~11,.1

~e:J

~~

L~ mtÏ'I..I~~\l,

a.!~L

Û\l,L~e:J\I n'VitJ11~[;1.l\l, lfl1';iTle:J\I'Ül\l,L~e:J\I

~a.!'VitJ

'I..I~L1fi1l'1e:J\l,~1\1

~LÛ\l,tJ~L1fil~\l,Ine:J\l,ala.!L'YI~tJa.!

~fl~11a.!lLL~1

~a.!LLl'I~Fl

tJ~~e:J1~U';i::a.!lfil

ürie:J\l,Fl~al'lfl1fl liJ\l,~\lFl~a~AI'I1';i';i~~ ~-<t' fl1';i,ff\lfl\l,~1\l,e:J~l\1m1';iTle:J\la.!,,*~!i

~\l,LÛ\l,

.... ' " 0 d' '1 0 d d . 1'" ( ) d , .... ..,

tl1\l,LLfl::La.! e:J\I Lfllntl\l, b\l,tJ';i L1 fil 'Ylfllln LLfl::'Yl';iltJ~u'Vir.;t Fan -terrace Complex 'Yle:J~'Yll\1lnl\l,Pl::1\l,l'Ifl

LLfl::I'I::1\l,e:Je:J flfle:J\I

~\l,Ine:J\l,al

'YI~

tJ~

'YI~l,.1liJ::~ ~1,i

LLfl::~~\I~\lilliJlilÜ\l,L

LLfl::~l"tlLrilf1e:J\I~l"tlLLa.!

~l,il'yh~\l, ~l,ilfl'VitJ~ ~l,ilthftfl LLfl::~l,ilU';il~\l,tJ~

• •

1 cf 1 d.., ~ ^CL' 1 1 d ~ d :', d

fl\l'YIflmfl tJ \1 fl fl a.!tI\l,'Yl Lfil a.!1 Pl \1 'YI fl mL'YIfl \1 a1\l,'YI\l,\I a.!lliJ 1 fl.lll tJ\l,e:J fl'Y1\l'Yll \1 tJ fl LLfl ::'Yll \1 'Yl:: Lfl e:J fl 'Yl\l a.!

•

Fl11 a.! j'Yl1 \1 Lfl'YI::1'YlmLL~1 'Vi e:JU';i:: a.!1 fil <t'oo ürie:J\l,Fl~al'lfl1fl fl\la.!ln~fl1';i ~^{ln l'Ie:J}tÏtJa\l,L~ mLfl::~\l, ^'tÎl l-.iLn

~

fl~\l, 'VitJ~e:J\I';ie:J tJTle:J\I~a.!tI\l, ~L

~e:J

\l,tJ~L

~\lilliJlilÜ\l,Llilm

ft\l,

~thtll

~e:J~.Il1

tfl~~1"t

LLl'Ilil~ a~APl1';i';i~~ ~-

.... d 1 cfa ^{cu ..,} cf dCIl d 1 CIo If ^{SI d} c l . . , . . ,

tI\l,tJl\l,La.! e:J \1 L'YI fll \l,fl Tl m tJ 1'11 fl \1 a.!1 tJ \l'Vi\l,'Yl1n\l,1n e:J\l,al a.! L'YI fl tJ a.! Lfl1 LLfl ::tJ';i L1 fil bfl fl LIil tJ \1 L';i tJ\l,~LLfl ::';itJ e:J1';itJr'i';i';ia.!

a\l,L~

InliJ\l,~fl1';il"Ïlt11

~\l,'Yl::Lfle:J~l\1

L~e:J\I

~'Y~L

~\IL~e:J\lfll

LLfl::

~\l,!ifl fll\1f1e:J\I-r~~\l,a.!11'11

~l,ilal~CY'YI

t1\l,L~e:J\I~'Yle:J\I L~e:J\I ~Ü1 L~e:J\I\l,Fl';iitJ A~t\l,~a.!

"tlLLa.!n fl e:J\I-

'yh~\l, L~

\l,~

lfl'Vi\l~ L~e:J\I A~a.!

L~e:J\I'Vi';i::';i

\l,~

.... d 1 cf ^{1 CIl} f ¹ J : ' 1 If et da d 1 dl cu ~

'I..Il\l,La.!e:J \1 L'YI fll \l,l'Il \1 L1'1 tJ bPl LL fl::Tl m tJ fl\l~

q

Fl~a~APl1';i';i'\30~

• ~\lL11\l,~e:J\I';ie:JtJTle:J\ltla.!tlWU1\l,L~e:J\lPlla.!~1,ilLrilaltJl'Il\11 LÛ\l,~1\l,1\l, •

a.!1

n~ILLaln\l

a.!'Ül\l,L~

~

fl'VitJ~~\l,~mr\l .

a.!~a.! .

~fl1';i,ff\l ~\l,'ïl\l,l'Il ^...

~\lLLa.!"t1~1

t'le:J\I~L

fl1';iL~tJ LPlTle:J\lÜl\l,L~e:J\I t\l,'I..I~

~\l,Ine:J\l,al

'YI~

~

~e:J1ml11il~a~ APl1';i';i'\30~ Gl~

.

LlntJ~L~e:J\le:JtJr'imL

^.

~e:Jm';iâtJL

q

o d' .... '" '1 0 d '1 ,:: .... '1.... a .I d

fl1';i Lflln'll\l,'lIe:J\I~a.!tI\l,tJ l\l,La.!e:J \1 b\l,1n\l,1n e:J\l,al a.! L'YI fl tJ a.! b'YI a.!\l,\l, a::'Yl e:J\l, b'YIUt'l L'YI\l,fl1';i Lu fl tJ\l, LLU

t'l\l'Yll\1JJ~

l'

~

~\l,1n

'YI~

~l\1LL't1liJ~\I

~e:J'Yll\1,i

LLfl::~l"t-ILril~

\l,tJ~

fil~\l,Ine:J\l,al

~

~

'Yll\1L~\l,

fiI::~

'YIflltJ 1 LL'Yi\1 Ln ln fl1';i

~\l,L

-.itla.!tlWU1\l,L~e:J\lliÏ .

1

rl~~\l,

~1,i

d?l ~ '1 d . . , d' d~ ~ '1 0 0 d '1 ,a d' d

'YlLu\l,Ll;1\l,'Yll\1 Fl a.!\l,1 Fl a.! b\l,Tl fil:: Lin m fl\l,'Vi\l,'Yl"ll \1 LFl tJ Pll b\l,tJ ';i L1 filln\l,1n e:J\l,al a.! L'YI fl tJ a.! b'YI a.! n ln e:J\l,Tl\l, 'Vie:J'Yl

liJ::,ff\l'YI~fILL 'YI~\ltle:J\lÜl\l,L~e:J\l1~ ~\I~'\.ila\lLflPlfi ~e:J

1t'l1,.1L~a.!LLflL

~'Yfle:J\I~l,il

L:ij'l'Vi';i::m e:J

~l\1i

1a.!'VitJ~e:J\I';ie:J

\lÜl\l,L~e:J\I~e:J ~~a.! ~\lUa.!,il

The Chao Phraya Delta: Historical Development, Dynamics and Challenges of Thailand's Rice Bowl

Snsak Wallipodom KEYNOTE address: The Chao Phraya Society: Development and Change

'h~::

\-L~\-L~!la\l~\-L~a\-Lal3-lL'YI~tl3-lLrilLL~:: hui

\-L~\-L~~\-L~a\-Lal3-lL'YI~tl3-lLril~1~w5'1~'S::m~1'YI~

~\l3-l1~lm!lGllij'\I'YIï~~tl\-Ll'Y1J\-L

~\I!la\l~l~lLÛ\-L~\-L~~3-l~1~1'y)13-l~\I

~hl~l\1a:: h

n\-Ln'U'S::

LôÏ'U!la\l'U~L

U1~\-L~a\-Lal3-l

'YI~

LL~,r'ULL~

~L~a\l~'S::\-LFl'Sfil~a~

m~\-LGI'S\I'Sa

~éJ

!la\l'U~L1U1~'l-l.~a\-Lal3-lL'YI~tl3-lLrilLL~::

~i1n1'S~\I~\-LjlWÜ1\-LL~a\ln\-L~3-l

~\I~lL..ijl~'S::m

~\-L LL~::LLa.JJl'~i'fi

~1

Fl3-l~~l~ru~lÏl ..

ia

. L~

~~ ~a

~1\1

U'S:: L'YI

fil'YI1\1'Y1::L~ LL~::L

. Fl3-l'YI1\1~1~lmï1L~

~1\11 ~a~.nl

L

1~1~Lfi ~L~a\la~Lim~\-L~LLa.J~lL..ijl~'S::mJ\-L

~!Ia\lL~a\li\-LLn~L~tl\l

3-l~l~laltl~\-L

~L

. 'YIa.J!la\l'U~L

ru~\-L~a\-Lal3-l

'YI~tl

L..ijl~'S::

11'l-l.L~

a~'S'SUI.n~ 'YI~a .

a~'S'S .

.. I~'U\-L~\ILLa.J~lrh~\-L L~a\l

~'Sn fil~'S1111'U\-L~\I ~l~l\Ïa

L~a\l'Sl11'U~'U\-L~\I~~ILLa.J .

~a\lLL~::

L~a\lL~l1'S'U~'U\-L~\I~lL~11'S'U~ • •

Û\-L~\-L

Fl1'U~lÏ\-L

~ L~a\l~l~ruGll3-l~lLLa.J~l~a~.nltlL ..

fii1n1'SLFl~a\-L

'YI1!la\ln1'S~\I~\-L

. . . . < > .l ' :- '1 .t d d ~I ^." '1 .1

.jl\-LLL~::'Ul\-LL3-l a\l LHl1'U'S L1 U1ul nLL3-l\-LlLL~::111 tl'YI::L~m ~\-L'YI 'li\1 Lu\-Lul11~1 m~\-LU~:: 'YI:: Ln Gl3-lL\-L~u!la\l

'Ul\1~l\11 ~i1~mr3-loW\-L6lÏ'U~m.rru::~\-L~.n~U'S::L'YIfil

. ~\-Lhr LL~::flGl1~a~Lwna\l~\-L L\-La~tl

'YI~\ln\l3-l1 'U'S'S~l'Ul\1'Y1~m;tl\I ~\-LL'YI~lit

Û\-LL~a\l L11\-LL~a\l

• L~fJ\I

d dl d dl ct

alFl'S'U'S L3-la\lô\-L'U'S

. .

^..

1'S'SUlFl

~~\-L~1 ~

fil~a

Lim~L~tln~a11

~ffa.l'J1~ (-#'J11il~1~nl~~~(J

fhfiT~Jfl fiT5'Lhl~r; Ufl::~;l

uf~nlfl~éJilffa.l~~liJ'W~::uTnmU"1 ! ul"I~ffifiTl9IJ~~'lY-#

LL~\I~\-L U'S::3-l1U1f'Zln1~!la\la3-lL~~~'S::'S13-l15'U~~

L\-LFl~a~film'S'S~~

~a'YI~njl\-L'YI1\1U'S::ï~

fill a

GI{~~l~ru~LLa~\I ..

li\-L~\I'U'S'S~l";a\l~\-L~a~

Atl!la\l~

~\ILLa.J~lL..ijl~'S::

~\I LL~

~'S::\-LFl'S fil~a

n\l3-l1~\-L~\lUlmLa.J~lLL~::111

~\I'YI::Ln~L

LL~111'S'SruFl ~~'Ü'Uli'~:: •

~11~\I L~a\l'Ul\1

Li\-L~~ LLn::\-L\-L'YI~~LL~a ~1\1L~ LL~fin~11~\I

~a~l\-LLLn::'Ul\1 ~1\11 ~fl'U3-l1~WYJnï\-Lit

L~tl\l'Sl

~lh\l

o 1 d' _~I ..,

'Ul\1'Ul'Y1'S 'YI\I'Ul\1L!l\-L 'Ul\1'S::3-l1~ 'Ul\1eJ\I Lu\-LGI\-L

~\I~~lir\lLn • •

fi ~a G113-laa\l~\I ~ilL..ijl~'S::m~lnmJ5m~\l111tJ'YI::L~ •

~L~a\lit

n

~11~\lFlna\l~i1n1'S!l ~~\-LLL~~ ~1\1L~ _• n1'SL~\-L'YI1\1

~1~lô'S'S3-l111 ~~i1 ~n~U1::Fl ~L~mL

~\lLÛ\-LGlfJ'l-l.~~Lflm .

nl3-l1nn11~::aan'YI::Ln

n1'Sn~11~\ln1'S!l~

\-L~'S::'S111~\I

~l'SatJLim ~1~'L

a3-lL~~

~'S::'S13-l15'U~~

T U'S~Ln~l"1 Li~~nanFlna\l~lh\l~i13-l1ria\-L ~lmLa.JJ1L..ijl~'S::m~1\-L'U~L1rutil

111mn\-L 1Uaan'YI::Lnml1f111'Ul\1u::m

a~tlfl1n1n!la\la3-lL~~~'S::~ml1115'S111L\-LGla\-LUnltl!la\lFl~a~film'S'S~~

hmn1'S!l~ •

Fl na \1

~c;l~

LL~1 ~a

fi

_lL~a

'U~fil~3-l'YIl a3-l'YI'S~\-L • •

\-L'U~L

m~

~11

hi11

n1'S!l~Fl~a\l~~.yÎ1 •

i'U~L1U1J\-LLfi~LÛWL~a\l~\-L

The Chao Phraya Delta: Historical Development, Dynamics and Challenges of Thailand's Rice Bowl

10

Srisak Wallipodom KEYNOTE address:The Chao Phraya Society: Development and Change

L~a\ld'ii~1L~1

~l"l~a\li~1LL~~lera~1iI1ntJln

~a\lul\lhHUU~L 1~LVl~a1~L~~~

~';j::Ln

~ ~l

~

tl~Vl'lZlï~

TJ~lih

~

Wrtlm~tla\la~ L~liI~';j::LliÏltJ';jlfll'Y1'Yla\l 1.Ul"l~a~Am';j';j~~

.yht";Lil~Lfja\lj;]~1~LLfÏ1 j;]~l~tlït:lJ ~~a~lLtJULfja\lUU'YlU~

tUtI~::~~~tla\lm';jtl~l"1~a\li~ILL~~lera~.y1L~tl\l';jln

~L~tln11l"l~a\li~Lni~tVlru twrtlm~

tla\la~L~liI~';j::LliÏl'Yl';j\lû';j';j~~U ~awltWrtlm~tla\la~L~liI~';j::Ul';jlmÙ rtJ';j~":I L";~1n~mya~tl~~1 V:\I~';j::U';j~

~5a~.nl';j

~\I~U~ilUa~m ...

liLil~ILtluLfja\lal~rl"ln~U~l LL~1~lLtJ~tlULtluLfja\l tJ'Yl~ûl'a,twrtlm~~

~ ~

~\I~U

tlWWLA~1. UL~a\lm';j ~\I~U~luùluLfja\lLL~aa:rtla~l)m~\I~lii ~a LLVl~\I~L

~~tlU

Vlqj~LûULfja\l~U a:rnLil~~U

UU~L1~~LtlULL~~lera~ ~\la:rn~hJ~L1~~~aUL

~~uLita\llill

m';j'tÏml~tla\lrl"l~uj;]::nau i\lL~ulilillnU~L1~lJL~a\l~';j::Ul"l';jA~afll)m L~a\l'l.Jl\lnanVl~mfja\lûU~~

Lfja\lUU'Yl\!~ L~a\lal~^rl"ln LL~::U~L1~EhL.natJlmni~ltuiJliIli!ÜU

L

UTJ~::

~

~

~

~

i~1 LL~::

~

~a ~ ~l~l

~tll ~L~a

~

l"l~Ull"l~ LL~::

~lL~mfÏuii~m';jTJmtl i1t1a\ltl~tlUVl~Ù1ULL~::L~a\ltlUl ~L~

tJj;]l~~l~l~l l"l~a\lLVl~l~U in~~::LtlUd'LL~L~ulilillnu';j';j~ll"1~a\lTJ~';jau"1 i1L~a\latll5m r~m~~l::'Yll\lL

LL~::'Yll\l1,,;i

li1-IL~a\latll)m~ul~L~tl\l

tJuLm::~~LL~~l~a~';jauL 'Yh~u

~ Ll"l~a~ltltla\lLL~~l~l~l LL~::~ll"l~a\la~r~mau m';jtl~l"l~a\lL~a~';j::Vl11\l~1~lela~'l.Jl\lnamZatl~

~lU

~itl~qmf~1~11

~1~lela~'l.Jl\ln';j1tl~ï~';j1

u-rtlm~tla\l a~L~liI~';j::~Vlllijm~';j';j~iiL

a

~l\lVlit\l~.yh

~

~tlrj;] LL~::m';jtlm~I i1t1a\l~~tlu

'l.J~

~~UlnaUal ~LVl~

~

Vl~~ ~l

1iI1naflûm

~\I~l

'Yl~":I

~ m';j~~l"I~a\l'l1atlaanlillnaa\l~\lLL~~lLliÏl~';j::mltJ~\I'Yll\l

j;]::1uj;]n

LL~::j;]::1uaan~1 n~ltl T~m~~LLj;JLtlj;]L~a\lal ~Tl"In~\I~l l"I~a\lLVl~1d'~1u~~mâtl\lL ~tl\l Ul~ LL~::a:rntJ';jln!lfl~11iî\ltU1';j';j~l"l~~L~tlfl1l'~blA

it';jltl.IJLTJ1'Yla\lTJa\l~u'Yl';j~

L~auerl"luiilil::tlm~1

~ ~ll"1~a\ld'aaflltJffU~L1~'tÏa\l'YI\l U~L1~t~~LûUL~a\liia:rfllil::~l"l~a\ltl~LLtlfl

aanlillnLL~~laafll tJ~\laa\l ~\I j;]';j\lt~~L tJutJlfll"l~a\liia:rfl~u1~al~'1!LL~::~lUj;]~1~ ~\I~uli\lLfl

~a ~m';jTJ~l"l~a\lL~a~j;JafÏu';j::Vl11\lLL~~lal~ru 1~111il::LüufÏ'l.JLL~Jl'l.Jl\ltJ::fl\l~a~'Yll\lilUj;]::ïu

aan

fÏULL~~1'YI1~ULL~::LL~~lLL~fl~éJ\I'Yll\l

U~l"l11~al~ru~LVl~auliI::'Yl'Irfll

j;]::1uj;]nfÏ'l.J'Yll\lLL~~1'YI1~ULL~::LL~fl~a\l~lflfl11

";U~L

~\I~U31U~L~Urj;]LL~::j;Jm

~u~1.u~~,rlLliÏl~';j::m'Yll\liluj;]::ïuj;]nfÏuu~~1'YI1~UU~::u~fl~a\l

~U~~\lal~~~~ld'~a~u~';ja\l

-rUtJ';j::tllfl';jff1UL

'Ylqjtu~u~aual~L'Yl~tl ~L'Yl~Luaa:rtlfll\lL'Yl~":I

~a~liî\laa:rtl-rtlfll~~

m';jL~u Tj;]TJa\lÙluL~a\ltu~~LL~~liiiî\l~~a~

~';jl::~m';j"~l"I~a\l .

fÏua~l\l~lfl~l

Wna\l'YI\laa\l~\lLL~~lLliÏl~';j::m

l"l~a\lff1U

'Ylru~"In~U1~li~\I'Yl1\1L~am';j

1 1 1 d 1 d 1 d d' d Il tJ.... d ~ ~ .... d

l"I~Ull"l~am\lLLj;]flaUL~tl\lam\lL~m 'Yllfl~\lL ~aTJm tl~U'Ylm';jLfl~~';j ~um';j ~flTJ11_{~ ~} 'l1\1LuU~Ul"Il'Yl

al~'1!TJa\ltJ';j::L

~~~m~ ~lTJa\lm';j~1n l"l~a\lii~a

i1TJa\l~~tlu

U';j::iU'Yl~Ù1U~L~11

1.U

,;a\l'YI\l~\I ~lUj;]::1U~

LL~::

r~m~~l::'Y1\1-r\lNj;]~uilu~u~lfl~

1

~ ~

Ul"I';jUltln

The Chao Phraya Delta: Historieal DfJvelopment, Dynamies and ChaHenges of ThaDand's Riee Bowl

Srisak Wallipodom KEYNDTE address:The Chao Phraya Society: Development and Change

~ ~ ~

'W(;lJCU1

n

(;Il3-l~fl~TJ3-l1LL~1

~tl fl1~La\lotl

~Ll;\lo~\lfl1~LtJ~tJ\loLLtJ~\I'Yll\1aJll'Vm1~~tl3-lLL~::~n~{U::'Yll\1 JJ~

~~~tl~al3-l

'YI~

L,j'TV'l~::m ~a3-l-w\lo6

fl1~~\I~\lo31\loÜl\loL~tl\ltltl\l3-l,,*~m\lo~\lo~q

LLa-iJl't

~tt1\1L1~1~1\11 ~\lt;Ïl'Y1~~tl~L~tJ\lLL~dfiL 'rh

û\lofl1~tJa3-l-ru~'Yli5'V'l~tla\laJll'\"l'Yll\1JJ~

't

~fl1~ril'Y1\lo~fl1~Iff\l~\lo~l\loLL~::fl1~Lill?Ii\lotltl\lÜl\loL~

~~L!i\l

LL~

~

(;I~\I~l3-l ~~ril'Y1\lol?l fl1~ ~\I~\lojl\loLL~::~tJ

\lo~l~TI"I~\I

LL~::

1"1~\I

\l'Yll\1a\lI"l3-l-1Inl\loô~~3-l~LL

LL~1

~

• ~~hr\loLtl\l

fl1~~3-l~~iJ~a\ltl~~13-ln~L

~Ln

fl1~~\I~\lo:.il\lo~13-l n~Lû\lo!l3-l!l\loi~

~tl{U::

L~mn~l"ÏfltJJll'V'ltm\l3-l\lo~m\lo~l\lofl1~L~tJWn~'t11

.

hl"h

m::u1\lofl1~tJ-rui1La\l^L~1n UaJll'V'l LL1 l?I~tl 3-l 'Yll\1ô~~3-l!ll^Gl fl1~a-fl \I~::uU'Yll\1a\ll"l3-l LFl~~:.i

...

L~a\l LL~ ::~::uu 1"1113-lL~tl :jJ~Ln

~::UU'Yll\11[;ll\loô~~ 3-l~3htJ ..

L~

LL~~:: mi .

LL~~::a\ll"l3-l i~3-l1 ~tJLL

~\ln~11dfiarmtJ~tJ\loLLtJ~\ll

. 'Yi\lfl1~L1~1

ita\l3-l1"iJlflI"1113-l1a-i'YItJ~lt\l .

Ca.;' Cl d 0 id ILl crQ,;'

'Yll\1a\ll"13-lLL~::1"1113-lFI l?I'YlL n l?I:jJl nn~::u1\lofl1~L~tJ\lo~tltl\l3-l\lo~tJ\lo\loLa\l

~

.

1"1113-l1a-i'YItJ l?Ilt\l'Yll \1 a\l

• Fl3-ltm\l3-l\lo~iJ,x\lo~a fl1~Lnl?ILL~::fl1~(;I1 •

(;Il3-lô~~3-l!ll Gl~'t11

~Lnl?Il"1~

~~LrilLL~d\lo . .

'YIa-ia~(;I~tl ^..

~1 't~tlfil::L~mn\lofi~fl1~~lm~lLL~::~ltJaan~'t11

~:iil\lo1\loFl~m"iJL~3-l

~\lo'YI~mra

~\I n11L~3-l1~

lfl1~'Yll\1

eJ ..

1fil~\lol?l

'YI~tJ3-lL,j'l'V'l~::m,x\lo

l~Ln l?I~\lo:jJln fl1~LGlU

~3-l!l\lo't~ n~3-l!l\lo'YIit\l:jJlfl5(;I~lfl1~Ln

'YI~a fl1~L:jJ~ru-w\loô1a-i

~~\lo

:jJln

fl1~LFI~a\lo~lmm\l!l\lofl~3-l~l\11 .

~\I~wn\lo't~ti1\1L1~1~1\11 'Yll\1tJ~::1Gllil1a(;li ^...

Lû~~h~qj

:jJl

n'YI~n31\lo'Yl1\1~l\loTU~l{U1"1 ~L'Y11~'V'lULL~::Ân~ln\lo

~L

11U~L1{U~\lo

l?Itl\loal3-l L

'YI~ tJ3-lL,j'l'V'l~::m ~-W[;ll\lolfl1~'Yll\1 a\lI"13-l~LL~L

l~~l?IL:jJ\lo:jJl

fl1~~\I~\lo31\loLL~::~tJLLUU'Yll\1 1[;ll~ô~~3-l

Û\loL~ a\l3-l1tJ~::3-l1{U

Ü~~1~3-l1LÛ\loa~l\13-l1

~n'tf\lLÛ\lo-WInl\lolfl1~~Ln

:jJl

nfl1~LFI ~tJ\lo~lmil3-l1tltJ\ln~3-l!l\lo~l\11 •

1lnl\loô~~3-l~Lnl?I~\lo

~1 ~\ln ~11d

L~tJn1~11

T~'YI::

'V'l~1::

I"1d~

\lofl1~

~\IT~'YI::ôl

LL~::,.t1

~'YI::

't11LI"I~a\l ~

LI"1~a

tTLL~::LI"1~a\ltJ~::~Un\loLL~1 ~\I

~L

t1\loir\lI"l3-l~~

r ~T~~

a

~l\13-l1

. . . ~~1~

~

tJ~tJ

~LI"1~a\lo~l

~13-l1 ~\I

~3-l1"1~L'YI~1-d' .

~\I~fl1~,.t1LmLtJ~an'YItJ tJ'Yl::L~!IUl?l~l\11 :jJln'Yl::L~~

Û~LI"1~a\ltJi::~u~~~11"11LL~::

Û~L~\lo (;I~l

\lofl1~LL~

tJ~tJ\loa\loffl~

~1

~1

~1\1

~l\lo(;l::1\loaa

q

lL;ijl'V'l~::

'YI~\I ~

fi1'V'ltm\ll"1~ri

tJ~::1Gl

\lo~3-l"rl~'V'lU~ . .

~~

tJ~\lo~tJ\I-ru

LL~::~fl1~ 'ttT'YItJtJa\l~LL~::

'YIatJ~mâtl't11LI"1~a\ltJi::~u

ril1~ LL~::~l\1'Y1 ..

~t1{U::L~

n\lofi'V'lU11U~~ l?Il!13-l!l\loTU~lfil .

L

'YI~1,x\lo'YI~lmL'Yi\la3-l-W\lo6

fl1~rI~\I'Yltl\lLLl?I\lLL~::L'YI~fl

~ Fl113-l1~11T~'YI::ôl

~tl~\I~h~ru ~~\I

't~~fl ~3-l!l\lo:jJlnJlltJ\lotJ n~~ .

\loT~~LFI~tl~~lmil3-l1 ~\I~\lo:.il~ ^...

~1~

(;I::1\lo(;l ntltl\l

q 3-lJ1L;ijl'V'l~::m fi'V'lU~3-l!l\lo

\lo~

r ~'YI::~a::'t1tl\lo

~Ll;\lo~\I

~a

L~

The Chao Phraya Delta: Historical Deve/opment, Dynamics and Chal/enges of Thailand's Rice Bowl

12

Srisak Wallipodom KEYNOTE address:The Chao Phraya Society: Development and Change

fl~ll1~mitfll1

U~L-Hl.!Tl"ln'VHrU ~hu~T~g"'n ejlLilflUll1U~ lijl1'Y11~'H~I'4~ ~ULL'YI~l1êJl1fil~!lfll1n~3-l

T

tf'\.l, U';il t;U'Yl\;\11 fl~UWYl';ilU~3-l ~n ~'Yl::L~

.. .

^..

L'YI\l,mL~::~'\.l, LÛW~I3-ltf'\.l,~~hn~l~~lnil liJ~oo t1~~1'\.l,3-l1 LL~~al~nlfi~flL'\.l,~'\.l,~~3-l,.hyh~'\.l,-LL~

n~fll1~fl~L

~~~';i';it;U'4~ ';iltf'4~ LL~::mqj'l'\.l,'4~,.f'\.l, ~LL'YI~I1~3-ltf'\.l,TU';ilt;U~~U

t;U1\;\~-#11

~L

~'\.l,e:Jn LL~::~LLa~I1L";L~'\.l,

~3-ltf'\.l,~LFl

~'Il

~'\.l,e:J

, .:'1 a e ) "'Cod~.., Co a l ^d'

Ltf'\.l, ~1n~nu~'YI~1~a etched beads LL~::ill~'Il';iU'\.l,illtf'\.l,::l;'tl';i~'YlLu'\.l,11n1'\.l,iJ';i';i3-le:J'\.l,L~~\;\111'1;;1 '1 11e:J

~

~11- ~11-

LL~::n~e:JI13-l

'YI';i::Yin~3-l1'llm1~~'\.l,13-lLL~::~'\.l,Li ~3-ltf'\.l,'Yl111~n\;\::1'\.l,\;\n!le:JI1~3-l ,rlLlijl~';i::m

~lTd

. l"Ïl~Gi~ ~e:J

~~e:Jn'Ylll1'Yl::L~LL~::~~~e:J

eJ ^.. l"l'\.l,~

e:J

~\;\13-ltJ1L!l1~L Û'\.l,LFl~e:J~l~

~';il::~ULL'YI~11TU';ilt;UFl~\;\13-lJlu~::tJ1L!I~IL

~::'\.l,11 fil~ LL~::

(l'\.l,'\.l,iJl1~~'YI~l

~~TU';ilt;U1~(l~1~3-l1'11nm';ilJ,~m U~~'\.l,fl'\.l,ffl!1e:Jl1tJ1LL~::LL ~iJl ~ ~ • •

~hl1

n~e:Jl1al~~ ~ni1~ LL~::Ll"l~e:JI1~ml"l~e:JI1Lti'~';1~1~al~~IJ,~::L'YI~n ..

U~L1t;U~~

'YI1L'\.l,~1'\.l,m';il"Ïl!11mL~::~ ~ ~e:J nUill~'\.l,e:Jn'Ylll1'Yl::L~ LL~::Gi ~ ~e:J

ill~L'\.l,-#I1'YllI1UmL~::'Ylll1,rl3-l1nillJ,'YII1L~'L'\.l,~3-l,rlLlijl~';i::m •

~e:JU~L1t;U~3-l,rl'1';i::Ltlal3-l~'\.l,~I1L •

~1,r

LL~,rl'yh~'\.l, ~

n~~I1'Ylll1~::1'\.l,~

u~

~ejlLile:J~'\.l,3-l'Yl1'\.l, IJ,~::

ejlLilflUe:J~~e:J ~ 'I11'Y11~ mqj'l'\.l,'4~ ~l,rldL'YI~~l1rl~~3-l ~l!1flI1LL~,rll'h~'\.l,

!I~ej-ILile:J ae:JI1~,ze:J11

c::f A' dd 0 f ILl Cl-'

1 '

T

'1 11'YI1~~~';i';it;U'4';i ~'\.l,'Yl"ll11~1'\.l,1'1 ';i:: L!lal3-l~'\.l, 'YI~CJl'\.l,'\.l,~U';ifll1';ie:J ~!lfll1~3-ltf'\.l, U';il t;U'Yl3-lm~LL~';il1 l§J,ct'oo

t1~113-l13-l1n3-l1~ ân-#l1~m';ie:J~âuLite:JI13-l1'1'\.l,iil1air~~ .. .

i'\.l,U';i::1~ filla~iT~~~ L~e:JI1e:i'Yle:J11 ^..

~~'\.l,l~'\.l,LÛ'\.l,L~e:JI1l'h~~m';i~~~e:JnUill~'\.l,e:Jn'Ylll1'Yl::L~~~mmrilnil • lJ,~d13-lair~L~mn'\.l,nUL~e:J11

e:Je:J

mLm~I1L Û'\.l,L~e:JI1"'l'l1e:J11 LLl"l1WW,r'\.l,~e:J ~Ln .. ..

'Yl~rL1~ ~'\.l,

U~L1t;Ud~U

1~(l3-l1n3-l1~~3-l1'11nill~'\.l,e:Jn .

'Ilnn~n

~'\.l,IJ,~::~'\.l,L~~ l"l113-lLL~n~1I1n'\.l,';i::'YIilI1L~e:JI1e:i'Yle:J11 ^..

nUL~fll1e:Je:JmLmfi ~fl L~e:JI1e:Je:J nlJ,me:J~L '\.l,~'\.l,~~3-l ~1,rl"'13-liil1 .. . i n~t;U::L'YI~e:J'\.l,nU~'\.l,~tJltfl~ L~'\.l, ~b'\.l, L~e:JI1e:i'Ylfll1e:J~U'\.l,~';i::~n~al1~~l ~~11'11

~nU~'\.l,~~3-l ~1~~~l,r~IL

ru

~1'\.l, .yhLl1LL~

L~e:JI1LL~::l"l113-lLÛ'\.l,L~e:J11 T~ ~ L~mn11 LL~-#l1d-#I1,.f'\.l, 1~1~'YI3-l1~ Fl113-l1~IU';i';i~1~3-ltf'\.l,~'\.l"

~~11~

1 ~ ^{d Q,I Q,I d 1 . 1} ~ ¹ d d ¹ el 1 0 ILl Q.#' 1

';i13-l a3-lm~m n '\.l,nU L3-l fl 11 e:J 'Yl e:J 11'1::_cu ~11e:J~U_cu '\.l,'Yla11 'Yl_cu ~e:J'\.l,Ltf'\.l,L 3-l e:J11 e:J 'Ylfl 11_cu 'Yll'\.l,fl 11~';i11!113-l n~U~U';ifl 11 ';ifl~

!le:J I1tf3-ltf'\.l,!I'\.l,1

. ~L~

~~n';i::'Il ~

~~13-l~'\.l,~~3-l ~h,rlLL~::~ ~e:J'\.l, ^..

'\.l,U~L

t;U~~ .

~l!1e:J11 LL~,r

"'1~'\.l,

~

ae:JI1~,ze:J11 LL~::U~L

«L~ ~11

LLarilL~e:JI1e:i'Yle:JI1'1::âuLite:JI13-l1'1'\.l,iil1 Fl~aliifilG!1';i';i~~ ..

~ ~,rUL

Ü'\.l,air~'Yl11';i1~~~

~~'\.l,lm';i!le:JI1-r~~1~-rum';i~iJ';i';i3-l'lln~'\.l,L~mL«1 LL~l"l113-lal~qjL'\.l,~1'\.l,::LÛ'\.l,L~e:JI1"'lfi~~,ze:J~~11

Lite:JI13-l1'11nm';iLn

(;lL~e:Jl1al~qj~'\.l,~l3-l~1,rl~a::~1n

hiLLriL~e:JI1'\.l,l"l';ii~fil~~~l,rl

ulI1LLn1L'\.l,L!I

~lijl1'Y11~'\.l,l"l';iU'J . . . . .

LL~::L~e:JI1l"lÜ1 ~~lLL~,rlere:J3-lL

(;l';iltfU~ L~e:JI1'\.l,l"l';i~~ fil~ .

i3-l~'\.l,6nU~1,r1"'1~'\.l,

'\.l,!lt;U::~L~fll1l"lÜ1 ..

~mie:J11

~l,rlLL~

~

L~

~111

Û'\.l,L~ e:J11"'1~

L

'YIqjLL~::al~qj'Ylll1~n

n!le:JI1IJ,~,rlLlijl~';i::m â

û'\.l,~'\.l,gn~ll1'Ylll1~'YliJ

LL~:: A _~U1~'\.l,

iJ';i';i3-l!le:Jl1air

~'Yl11"j1 ~ l"l113-lL'I~qj'Ylll1

LL~::11n1'\.l,iJ';i';i3-l

Û'\.l,~I1~LL~~'YI~1 ~"ill

L~e:J11

~qj~L

L~e:JI1"'l-#l1ae:JI1LL'YIl1dL

~e:J'\.l,L'YI\l,mL~::~::1'\.l,e:Je:JmQ~I1L

~'\.l,~e:J'\.l,al3-lL 'YI~~3-l Llijl~';i::m lu

The Chao Phraya Delta: Historical Deve/opment, Dynamics and Challenges of Thailand's Rice Bowl