STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF HYDROGEN
6.4. CHEMICAL HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
Chemical heat pump systems are important, if the utilization of low-quality heats (« 80 °C), e.g., solar or geothermal or nuclear (LWR) heat, waste heat in factories, is considered for heat storage and temperature upgrading to improve the total efficiency of the system. Among the many chemical cycles that have been considered to store and transport heat energy in the form of chemical reaction enthalpy, the coupled processes of hydrogenation / dehydrogenation can be adapted here.
A chemical heat pump system consists in principle of two reactors H and L where the following processes proceed:
Reactor L contains the compound BC where heat is added to cause an endothermal reaction liberating C as a gas. C is routed to the reactor H which contains A to undergo an exothermal reaction where high-temperature heat becomes available.
The reactions are of either liquid-gas (wet) or solid-gas (dry) type. Dry processes show high reaction rates enabling compactness, but a poor heat and mass transfer behavior compared with wet processes [19]. The examples of the 2-propanol - acetone system [44, 56], the cyclohexane-benzene system [31], the hydride system [30], and the sponge iron system [54] are given in more detail in appendix C.
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