CHAPTER II THE EMERGING LANDSCAPE OF TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION
D. CHAPTER SUMMARY
L # 9q# ) & ?@0@
This is similar to what has been observed 8 # O7 L # &&( ?@0@* * L # = 9q#
) &-precedented surge of investments by (=& # -( $ > #%&
& 6?@
?@0@*&(`{ -tal, which is more than three times the total
&& %& # cross-border M&As, the services sector
ac-& ac-& z@ ac-
&-& &-& O7* # large proportion of these M&As have to do
<D V#
&O7 & (*
the value of M&A deals more than doubling ?@0@* 6_1 9) = )(
9q# & * &
as hotels, health services and telecommu-nications, have been increasing, targeting economies both in and outside East and South-East Asia.
M&As in the telecommunications sector have also been a focus in the past few years, their total value amounting to about 602?@0@G# !7"
60@z &
X&* *#0_
#( & %&>
( &-try. The Chinese state petroleum company
! " & %&
G'&(6z0!V>L#>*
?@0@"
> !>>
" L # &-tries, notably Argentina. India was also the
& ( & = )(
-%& (*
and gas industry in the Bolivarian Republic H '& &( &
G'
D. CHAPTER SUMMARY
Technology and innovation are both em-bedded features, and there is no single & -ades of academic and policy research on & O7*
imports of capital goods, export
capac-*q * &* ( and licensing trends, researchers per mil-lion people, infrastructure and ICTs as the ) & & &
technological learning and collaboration.
O7*
capital goods, export capacity and partici-pation in GPNs to assess trends in ongoing South-South exchange. In addition, trends q * &* ( and licensing trends, researchers per mil-lion people and infrastructure and ICTs have been presented to understand the underly-ing causes for varyunderly-ing technological capac-ity of developing countries and its implica-tions for South-South technology-based exchanges.
( & & ) -ings of this chapter.
!" (& &
developed countries as major part-ners of other developing countries for trade in capital goods. These imports are not only inputs for the expanding economic activities and consump-tion patterns in these countries, but point towards a trend where some There has been a rise in
developing countries
that are involved in major global mergers
and acquisitions.
The leading region for M&A activities in the South remains Asia.
43
CHAPTER II : THE EMERGING LANDSCAPE OF TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION EXCHANGE IN THE SOUTH
emerging countries are beginning to manufacture several high-technology
& ! " * ( a shift in imports of the South from developed countries to developing countries. Imports lead to ( absorptive capacity to adapt and use the technologies embodied therein to generate productivity growth.
!"Z &
capital goods imports, a few domi-nant trends emerge. The techno-logical empowerment of the South is concentrated in only a few countries, mainly in East Asia as well as some newly emerging countries such as G'*>7 &-tries account for most of the South-South exchange of capital goods as a result of their growing technological capabilities, large and increasingly k& & ) growing ability to absorb new tech-() (
!"Z &=& (-cal collaboration is evident, two im-portant aspects stand out. Many (& *&L>*
& ) intrinsic technological capabilities
re-%& ((
South-South exchanges. This is rek -(== 8(L>*
and their inability to participate in the growing GPNs of the South. Sec-ondly, the South is contributing to in-creasing commodity dependence of L>* &
to structurally diversify their econo-mies.
!"O7 (&
increasing participation in GPNs and M&A activities in the South are largely concentrated in emerging countries.
Z &=& O7 &k directed to a wide variety of sectors, including services and health, they activities involving exchanges among a few countries in those sectors.
This shows that some developing countries are increasingly involved && (-cal exchange. The analysis further shows that within the countries that account for the enhanced collabora-tion on technology and innovacollabora-tion, increasing technological transactions through various means including par-ticipation in GPNs in the South, along with supportive innovation policy )! (-cused on promoting higher tertiary &* k (-( &
and technical articles published in ' J&" ( further strengthening of their innova-tion capacity.
44 TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION REPORT 2012
NOTES
0 & ( & ( 7D*
((& &
local generic versions of patented products.
2. A similar trend is observed or East Asia in the period
2000-?@@3
_ South Asia and South East Asia both account for the =& * `` 7 accounts for the largest share of intra-South trade among individual countries. This is the same in the case of capital goods imports.
2 In the analysis, capital goods include the machinery and (& &
7> _
3 This may be explained by the explicit investments being made in developing production capacity in pharmaceuticals and agriculture in many developing countries as a result of local public concerns.
6. For the increase in exports, see Annex table A.II.6.
z # 8 #7700
8. 7& 01z@*#&
!&# L#W"&
&O7#
1 8 #7702
0@ >#!?@0@" (&& ! ( " `1{_
?@@@=?@@?``zz
?@@`=?@@{*(-&&& = ! ( <D") _@`` ?@@@=?@@? ?`{0 ?@@`=
2008.
00 * 8 *X'!01{z"**=L Z !01{z"* <&))* (& <
!01{z"
0? O 8 *(( & = ) ) ) )*
over their suppliers by setting standards, sourcing raw * &( ( products.
0_ Through this deal, Bharti Airtel gained access to mobile mar-) 03#& *mar-)( K(
mobile telecoms operator in terms of number of subscribers.
ASSESSING ONGOING SOUTH-SOUTH TECHNOLOGICAL
COLLABORATION 3
47
CHAPTER III : ASSESSING ONGOING SOUTH-SOUTH TECHNOLOGICAL COLLABORATION
CHAPTER III
ASSESSING ONGOING
SOUTH-SOUTH TECHNOLOGICAL COLLABORATION:
EXAMPLES AND POLITICAL INITIATIVES
A. INTRODUCTION
Building further on the trends analysed in chapter II, this chapter assesses ongoing South-South technological collaboration based on several examples. Such col-laboration can be broadly divided into the following three categories: sector-based, private-sector-based and !DDD"
consist of hybrid forms of private and public sector engagement. As this chapter shows, depending on the partners involved, the motives for collaboration may vary, rang-( more sophisticated forms of technology and innovation capacity-building involving ( Z ( * most cases involve collaboration in health, agriculture and RETs, though there are also examples in manufacturing and infrastruc-ture.
This chapter presents examples of the three categories of South-South technolog-ical collaboration described above. Section B describes some joint-venture initiatives &
biotechnology sectors and in RETs. > &=
sector-led South-South collaboration and (&
assistance initiatives of countries. The ex-amples have been chosen on the basis of information available on the technology and innovation parameters of the collaboration ( ) &-derstanding of how the collaborations con-tributed to technological learning, and the
) & ( incentives that facilitated this process.
A wide range of government and intergov-ernmental initiatives have emerged over the past decade, which focus particularly on agenda-setting for collaboration on tech-nology and innovation and are aimed at set-ting policy targets at the national, regional &-es th&-ese various initiativ&-es, including the BRICS Summit and the IBSA forum, as well as regional developments within the African
!#" D #-K !VD#"
& ) &
of each of these initiatives and what they could mean from an overall perspective for technological learning and the building of innovation capacity. agreements, subcontract manufacturing, and joint-venture initiatives. There are a
& -ter into collaboration agreements, including ( or some of their production to developing countries, as well as the search for new or 8 ) &
& ( (& ! * M H J*?@0?"O ( *
-The motives for collaboration may vary,
ranging from simple to more sophisticated forms of technology
and innovation capacity-building
involving technology transfer.