Summary report on CSCC/NRC steel fellowship 1981-83

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Summary report on CSCC/NRC steel fellowship 1981-83

NATIDNAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA DIVISION OF BLllLDlNG RESEARCH

DBR INTERNAL REPORT NO. 4 7 5

S W Y REPORT ON CSCC/NRC STEEL FELLOWSHIP 1981-83 by

K.H.

B a r d e l l

ANALYZED

Checked by: *pproved by: L. W. Gold Oat=: August 1983

Prepared Records P u r p o s e s

ABSTRACT

The N a t i o n a l Research C o u n c i l h a s o p e r a t e d a S t e e l I n d u s t r i e s F e l l o w s h i p , t h r o u g h a n agreement w i t h t h e s t e e l i n d u s t r y , s i n c e 1964. T h i s r e p o r t

summarizes t h e work c a r r i e d o u t by t h e most r e c e n t f e l l o w , from J a n u a r y 1981 t o J u n e 1983, u n d e r a program approved by a j o i n t committee of t h e Canadian S t e e l C o n s t r u c t i o n C o u n c i l and t h e N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h C o u n c i l (CSCC/NRC). Appendix A d e s c r i b e s t h e a r e a s of s t u d y i n d e t a i l , t h e y b e i n g f i r e s e v e r i t y , f i r e r e s i s t a n c e t e s t i n g and p r e d i c t i o n of f i r e r e s i s t a n c e . S u g g e s t e d

p r o j e c t s f o r t h e n e x t f e l l o w a r e l i s t e d i n Appendix B. Four computer programs a r e l i s t e d i n Appendix C.

K.H. B a r d e l l

I n 1964 t h e D i v i s i o n of B u i l d i n g Research e n t e r e d i n t o a n agreement w i t h t h e s t e e l i n d u s t r y of Canada f o r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t of a S t e e l

I n d u s t r i e s F e l l o w s h i p a t t h e N a t i o n a l Research Council. The f e l l o w s h i p program h a s c o n t i n u e d s i n c e t h a t d a t e ( w i t h a b r e a k from 1977 t o 1980) u n d e r t h r e e f e l l o w s . T h i s r e p o r t d e s c r i b e s work c a r r i e d o u t by t h e most r e c e n t f e l l o w , f r o m J a n u a r y 1981 t o J u n e 1983. OBJECTIVES

OF

FEUOWSHIP The g e n e r a l o b j e c t i v e s of t h e s t e e l f e l l o w s h i p have e v o l v e d s i n c e 1964 a n d may be s t a t e d a s : 1 ) To f u r t h e r t h e u n d e r s t a n d i n g of t h e b e h a v i o u r of s t e e l s t r u c t u r e s i n f i r e ; 2 ) To t r a n s f e r t h a t u n d e r s t a n d i n g t o b u i l d i n g d e s i g n e r s ; 3 ) To reduce dependence on t h e s t a n d a r d f i r e r e s i s t a n c e

t e s t s ,

by d e v e l o p i n g a p p r o p r i a t e methods of c a l c u l a t i o n .

The work of t h e f e l l o w s h i p committee i s d i r e c t e d by a j o i n t committee of t h e Canadian S t e e l C o n s t r u c t i o n C o u n c i l a n d t h e N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h C o u n c i l

(CSCCINRC). E a r l y i n 1981 a program of work f o r t h e f e l l o w was drawn up and approved by t h e committee (Appendix A ) . From t i m e t o t i m e new p r o j e c t s w e r e s u g g e s t e d by t h e committee w i t h i n t h e framework oE t h e program. These

p r o p o s e d p r o j e c t s a r e l i s t e d i n Appendix B.

P r o g r e s s i n e a c h p r o j e c t i n e a c h a r e a of s t u d y i s d e s c r i b e d below.

L i t e r a t u r e

Research

( P r o j e c t 6

1-A,

2-A,

3-A)

During h e r term, t h e f e l l o w d i d e x t e n s i v e l i t e r a t u r e s u r v e y s i n t h e a r e a s of f i r e s e v e r i t y , f i r e r e s i s t a n c e t e s t i n g a n d c a l c u l a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s f o r Eire r e s i s t a n c e .

I n t h e a r e a of f i r e s e v e r i t y , t h e f e l l o w f o c u s e d h e r l i t e r a t u r e

r e s e a r c h o n t h e work done a t t h e N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h C o u n c i l by T.Z. Harmathy and J.R. Mehaffey.

The f e l l o w ' s l i t e r a t u r e r e v i e w of f i r e r e s i s t a n c e t e s t i n g w a s complemented by o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s r e l a t e d t o t e s t i n g . S h e w i t n e s s e d a l l o n g o i n g f i r e t e s t s a t t h e D i v i s i o n of B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h , F i r e S e c t i o n L a b s a n d two t e s t s c a r r i e d o u t a t t h e U.S. N a t i o n a l B u r e a u of S t a n d a r d s . S h e a t t e n d e d t h r e e m e e t i n g s of ASTM E-5 Committee o n F i r e S t a n d a r d s a n d

p a r t i c i p a t e d i n t h e work of Committee T a s k G r o u p s . S h e s e r v e d o n t h e CSCC F i r e P r ~ t e c t i o n ~ C o m m i t t e e w h i c h h a d b e e n formed t o d i s s e m i n a t e f i r e p r o t e c t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n o f r e l e v a n c e t o t h e s t e e l i n d u s t r y . I n t h e area of c a l c u l a t i o n o f f i r e r e s i s t a n c e , t h e f e l l o w d i d a n e x t e n s i v e l i t e r a t u r e r e v i e w of p u b l i c a t i o n s o f t h e F i r e S e c t i o n o f NRC as w e l l as American and E u r o p e a n r e s e a r c h e r s . The f e l l o w i n i t i a t e d a n d d i r e c t e d a Workshop o n t h e C a l c u l a t i o n o f S t r u c t u r a l F i r e R e s i s t a n c e , g i v e n i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h t h e 1 9 8 3 CSCE c o n f e r e n c e and g a v e a p a p e r t h e r e on " C a l c u l a t i o n of F i r e R e s i s t a n c e o f S t r u c t u r a l S t e e l A s s e m b l i e s " . S h e a l s o w r o t e s e v e r a l c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m s d u r i n g h e r t e r m , d e s i g n e d t o c a l c u l a t e t h e f i r e r e s i s t a n c e o f v a r i o u s s t e e l a s s e m b l i e s ( l i s t e d i n A p p e n d i x C).

Revisions t o F i r e T e s t Standards (Project 2-B)

The f e l l o w a s s i s t e d T.Z. Harmathy, Head of t h e F i r e S e c t i o n , i n t h e d r a f t r e v i s i o n of ASTM E-119, " F i r e T e s t s o f B u i l d i n g C o n s t r u c t i o n a n d M a t e r i a l s " , by a s s e m b l i n g r e v i e w e r s ' comments, a c t i n g a s s e c r e t a r y a t T a s k Group m e e t i n g s , making e d i t o r i a l c h a n g e s t o t h e d r a f t a n d c o n t r i b u t i n g t o

t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of a t e c h n i q u e t o a d j u s t f i r e r e s i s t a n c e r a t i n g s f o r non- s t a n d a r d t i m e - t e m p e r a t u r e c o n d i t i o n s .

Restraint i n S t e e l Structures and Related F i r e Performance (Project 2<) The f e l l o w , a f t e r a l i t e r a t u r e r e v i e w , p r e p a r e d a B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h N o t e o n t h e s u b j e c t of t h e r m a l r e s t r a i n t . T h i s n o t e w i l l f o r m t h e b a s i s f o r

a

CSCC F i r e P r o t e c t i o n B u l l e t i n . The American I r o n a n d S t e e l I n s t i t u t e ( A I S I ) i s c a r r y i n g o u t a m a j o r r e s e a r c h p r o g r a m i n t h i s area a n d t h e f e l i 0 . 6 w i t n e s s e d two f i r e t e s t s d e s i g n e d t o v e r i f y a n AISI c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m a r ~ a l y z i n g r e s t r a i n t i n s t e e l . s t r u c t u r e s . S h e o b t a i n e d t h e p r o g r a m , FASBUS 11, p u t i t on t h e NRC c o m p u t e r , a n d u s e d i t t o a n a l y z e t h e b e h a v i o u r of tuu f i r e - t e s t e d s t e e 1 r o o f a s s e m b l i e s f o r t h e CSCC. T h e p r o g r a m was made a v a i l a b l e t o U n d e r w r i t e r s ' L a b o r a t o r i e s of Canada t h r o u g h t h e f e l l o w . F i r e Resistance of Sheet S t e e l Walls (Project 3-B)

The f e l l o w worked w i t h a n I n d u s t r y T a s k Group t o d e v e l o p g e n e r i c s h e e t s t e e l w a l l d e s i g n s t h a t w o u l d p r o v i d e good f i r e r e s i s t a n c e a n d meet N a t i o n a l R u i l d i n g Code t e m p e r a t u r e c r i t e r i a f o r " h o t w a l l s " . S h e c a r r i e d o u t 1 1 s m a l l - s c a l e w a l l t e s t s t o i n v e s t i g a t e v a r i o u s w a l l d e s i g n p a r a m e t e r s . A r e p o r t on t h e s e t e s t s h a s b e e n s u b m i t t e d t o t h e C a n a d i a n J o u r n a l of C i v i l E l i g i n e e r i i i g a s :-1 n o t e . U s i n g t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e s m a l l - s c a l e t e s t s , t h e T a s k Group d e v e l o p e d a s e r i e s o f t h r e e w a l l d e s i g n s w h i c h were t e s t e d i n t h e f u l l - s c a l e Ellri~ace a t t h e F i r e S e c t i o n . T h e w a l l s a c h i e v e d o v e r o n e h o u r f i r e r e s i s t a n c e .

R e s u l t s of t h e f u l l - s c a l e tests have been s u b m i t t e d f o r p u b l i c a t i o n as a B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h Note.

Material Propertiem at Elevated Temperatures (Project 3-C)

The f e l l o w c a r r i e d o u t a l i t e r a t u r e review on t h e p r o p e r t i e s of s t e e l a t e l e v a t e d t e m p e r a t u r e s , i n c l u d i n g work done by T.T. L i e a n d T.Z. Harmathy, by a p r e v i o u s f e l l o w and by European r e s e a r c h e r s . T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n was u s e d f o r p r o j e c t 3-E.

The F i r e S e c t i o n h a s f a c i l i t i e s f o r measuring t h e t h e r m a l p r o p e r t i e s o f b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l s a t e l e v a t e d t e m p e r a t u r e s and i s c o m p i l i n g a d a t a base. The f e l l o w c o n t r i b u t e d t o t h i s d a t a b a s e by t e s t i n g t h r e e p r o t e c t i o n m a t e r i a l s a s p a r t of p r o j e c t s 3-B and 3-D.

Pire Remistaacc of Small Protected Structural Steel Columns (Project

3-D)

The f i r e r e s i s t a n c e of s m a l l hollow s t e e l columns w i t h t h i c k s p r a y a p p l i e d f i b r o u s and c e m e n t i t i o u s p r o t e c t i o n was i n v e s t i g a t e d t h r o u g h computer t h e r m a l a n a l y s i s and e i g h t f u l l - s c a l e t e s t s . The r e s u l t s were

p r e s e n t e d a t a n ASTM symposium on f i r e r e s i s t i v e c o a t i n g s . M o d i f i c a t i o n s t o t h e M/D (mass o v e r p e r i m e t e r ) formula p r e d i c t i n g f i r e r e s i s t a n c e of t h e s e columns were proposed.

The p r o c e d u r e f o r c a l c u l a t i n g t h e f i r e r e s i s t a n c e of w a t e r - f i l l e d h o l l o w s t e e l columns was i n v e s t i g a t e d t h r o u g h t h r e e f u l l - s c a l e t e s t s on a s i n g l e column, Some of t h e i n f o r m a t i o n g a i n e d w i l l a i d i n d e v e l o p i n g a d e s i g n of a p a r t l y exposed w a t e r f i l l e d f i r e r e s i s t a n t column, It forms p a r t of a l o n g term program b e i n g c a r r i e d o u t by T.T. L i e .

Critical Temperature of Loaded Wide

P 1 . n g c

Steel Columns (Project

3-E)

The i n f l u e n c e of l o a d and s l e n d e r n e s s on t h e f i r e r e s i s t a n c e of p r o t e c t e d wide f l a n g e s t e e l columns was i n v e s t i g a t e d t h r o u g h computer a n a l y s i s and t h r e e f u l l - s c a l e t e s t s . T h i s p r o j e c t was used t o f u l f i l l t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s of t h e f e l l o w ' s M a s t e r s d e g r e e i n C i v i l E n g i n e e r i n g .

PUBLICATIONS

1. " S t r u c t u r a l S t e e l i n F i r e " , Canadian A s s o c i a t i o n of F i r e C h i e f s , F i r e N e w s No, 15, May 1982. 2. "Thermal R e s t r a i n t and S t r u c t u r a l S t e e l A s s e m b l i e s i n F i r e " , B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h Note No. 191, D i v i s i o n of B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h , N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h C o u n c i l of Canada, Ottawa, J u l y 1982.

3. "Spray Applied F i r e R e s i s t i v e C o a t i n g s f o r S t e e l B u i l d i n g Columns", American S o c i e t y f o r T e s t i n g and M a t e r i a l s , S p e c i a l T e c h n i c a l P u b l i c a t i o n , Symposium on F i r e R e s i s t i v e C o a t i n g s , October 1982.

4. "Thermal P e r f o r m a n c e of S h e e t S t e e l W a l l s Exposed t o F i r e " , n o t e s u b m i t t e d t o t h e C a n a d i a n . J o u r n a l of C i v i l E n g i n e e r i n g , 1983. 5 . _{" C r i t i c a l T e m p e r a t u r e of F i r e Exposed S t e e l Columns", M a s t e r s T h e s i s ,} U n i v e r s i t y o f O t t a w a , Department of C i v i l E n g i n e e r i n g , 1983. 6. " C a l c u l a t i o n of F i r e R e s i s t a n c e of S t r u c t u r a l S t e e l A s s e m b l i e s " , p r e s e n t e d a t CSCE Workshop o n C a l c u l a t i o n o f S t r u c t u r a l F i r e R e s i s t a n c e , May 1983. OTHER

ACTIVITIES

The f e l l o w w a s a n a c t i v e member of t h e S o c i e t y of F i r e P r o t e c t i o n E n g i n e e r s a n d a t t e n d e d l o c a l c h a p t e r m e e t i n g s . She a t t e n d e d o n e m e e t t n g o f t h e T o r o n t o based Canadian F i r e S a f e t y A s s o c i a t i o n , a n d t h e 1982 b i a n n u a l c o n f e r e n c e of t h e U.S. N a t i o n a l Bureau o f S t a n d a r d s , C e n t e r f o r F i r e R e s e a r c h . Throughout h e r t e r m , t h e f e l l o w a c t e d as a r e s o u r c e p e r s o n f o r t h e s t e e l i n d u s t r y i n t h e f i e l d of f i r e p r o t e c t i o n . She a n s w e r e d numerous t e c h n i c a l e n q u i r i e s and c o n t r i b u t e d t o i n d u s t r y i n v o l v e m e n t i n t h e NBCC S t a n d i n g Committee o n F i r e P e r f o r i n a n c e K a t i n g s .

SUMIABY _MID

FUTURE

WOW

T h i s r e p o r t summarizes work c a r r i e d o u t u n d e r t h e CSCC/NRC S t e e l F e l l o w s h i p f r o m 1 9 8 1 t o 1983. S e v e r a l s u g g e s t e d p r o j e c t s l i s t e d i n

Appendix B were n o t i n i t i a t e d d u r i n g t h e term and c o u l d f o r m a b a s i s f o r a program o f work f o r a f u t u r e f e l l o w .

OF STUDY AND

RELATED PBI)JERS,

CSCCINRC

S'ICEBL FELWU

AREAS OF STUDY PROJECTS

1. F i r e s i n B u i l d i n g s 1-A A g e n e r a l and c o n t i n u i n g s t u d y of t h e s e v e r i t y of compartment f i r e s and t h e i r mathematical c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n . 1-B An a n a l y s i s of t h e s e v e r i t y of t e s t and real-world f i r e s f o r s t e e l c o n s t r u c t i o n s . 2. T e s t i n g f o r F i r e R e s i s t a n c e 2-A A g e n e r a l s t u d y of t h e background of f i r e r e s i s t a n c e t e s t i n g and c u r r e n t Canadian and U.S.

s t a n d a r d s

.

2-B A s s i s t T.Z. Harmathy i n review of f i r e t e s t s t a n d a r d s . 2-C An a n a l y s i s of r e s t r a i n t and composite a c t i o n i n s t e e l s t r u c t u r e s and r e l a t e d f i r e performance. 3. P r e d i c t i o n of F i r e R e s i s t a n c e 3-A A g e n e r a l s t u d y of t h e development of t h e a n a l y t i c a l approach t o t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f f i r e r e s i s t a n c e . 3-B An e x p e r i m e n t a l s t u d y of t h e f i r e r e s i s t a n c e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of s h e e t s t e e l w a l l s . 3-C A s t u d y of t h e p r o p e r t i e s of s t e e l and p r o t e c t i v e m a t e r i a l s a t e l e v a t e d temperatures. 3-D A s t u d y of t h e f i r e r e s i s t a n c e of s m a l l p r o t e c t e d s t e e l columns. Approved by CSCCINRC F e l l o w s h i p Committee, J u n e 5, 1981.

AREA OF

STUDY

1 . REAL WORLD FIRES

Background. Real world f i r e s a r e complex phenomena f a r removed from t h e s t a n d a r d t e s t f i r e . I n o r d e r t o p r e d i c t t h e performance of s t e e l

c o n s t r u c t i o n s i n r e a l world f i r e s , a b a s i c u n d e r s t a n d i n g of t h e i r n a t u r e and s e v e r i t y i s r e q u i r e d .

O b j e c t i v e . To u n d e r s t a n d and p r e d i c t t h e n a t u r e and s e v e r i t y of r e a l w o r l d f i r e s i n s t e e l s t r u c t u r e s .

R e l a t e d Task 1-A. A g e n e r a l and c o n t i n u i n g s t u d y of t h e s e v e r i t y of compartment f i r e s and t h e i r m a t h e m a t i c a l c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n .

R e l a t e d P r o j e c t 1-B. S t e e l C o n s t r u c t i o n s i n R e a l World and T e s t F i r e s Background. The r e a l world f i r e t o l e r a n c e of a b u i l d i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n i s o f t e n a s s e s s e d by a s t a n d a r d f i r e r e s i s t a n c e t e s t of a n assembly

r e p r e s e n t i n g t h a t c o n s t r u c t i o n . F i r e r e s i s t a n c e t e s t c o n d i t i o n s do n o t a c c u r a t e l y model e i t h e r t h e s t r u c t u r a l o r f i r e s e v e r i t y c o n d i t i o n s i n a r e a l world compartment f i r e . I n p a r t l c u l a r , s i n c e t h e b e h a v i o u r of u n p r o t e c t e d s t e e l c o n s t r u c t i o n s i s u n i q u e l y s e n s i t i v e t o t h e f i r e t e m p e r a t u r e , t h e s e v e r i t y of compartment f i r e s f o r t h e s e s t r u c t u r e s can d i f f e r from t e s t f i r e s c o n s i d e r a b l y .

O b j e c t i v e . To q u a n t i f y and compare t h e s e v e r i t y of t y p i c a l r e a l world a n d t e s t f i r e s f o r p r o t e c t e d and u n p r o t e c t e d s t e e l c o n s t r u c t i o n s . To i n t e r p r e t f i r e r e s i s t a n c e t e s t r e s u l t s i n terms of r e a l world f i r e t o l e r a n c e . To p u b l i s h a p a p e r on t h e r e s u l t s .

AREA OF

STUDY

2. TESTING

FOR

FIRE

RESISTANCJX

Background. The f i r e r e s i s t a n c e t e s t i s a measure of t h e b e h a v i o u r of a t e s t assembly i n a u n i q u e f i r e s i t u a t i o n . Each a s p e c t of t h e f i r e

r e s i s t a n c e t e s t ( f o r example, f u r n a c e d e s i g n , method of l o a d a p p l i c a t i o n ) i n f l u e n c e s t h e b e h a v i o u r of t h e assembly.

O b j e c t i v e . To u n d e r s t a n d and q u a n t i f y t h e i n f l u e n c e of f i r e t e s t c h a r a c t e r f s t i c s on t h e f i r e r e s i s t a n c e of s t e e l c o n s t r u c t i o n s .

R e l a t e d Task 2-A. A g e n e r a l s t u d y of t h e background of f i r e r e s i s t a n c e t e s t i n g and c u r r e n t Canadian and U.S. S t a n d a r d s .

R e l a t e d P r o j e c t 2-B. R e v i s i o n s t o F i r e T e s t S t a n d a r d s

Background. ASTM Committee E-5 i s p r e s e n t l y engaged i n t h e t a s k of r e v i s i n g t h e s t a n d a r d f o r F i r e R e s i s t a n c e T e s t s of B u i l d i n g C o n s t r u c t i o n s and

M a t e r i a l s , ASTM E119-73. The F i r e S e c t i o n of DBR i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r p r o d u c i n g t h e f i r s t d r a f t of t h e r e v i s i o n .

O b j e c t i v e . To c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e r e v i s i o n of ASTM

El19

t h r o u g h review of t h e d r a f t and e x p e r i m e n t a l work r e l a t e d t o t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n of f u r n a c e e f f i c i e n c y . R e l a t e d P r o j e c t 2-C. R e s t r a i n t i n S t e e l S t r u c t u r e s and R e l a t e d F i r e Performance Background. The e f f e c t of r e s t r a i n t on t h e f i r e r e s i s t a n c e of a s s e m b l i e s h a s been t h e s u b j e c t of much r e s e a r c h i n t h e p a s t . The f o c u s of

i n v e s t i g a t i o n s h a s been t h e behaviour of t h e s e a s s e m b l i e s under v a r y i n g d e g r e e s of r e s t r a i n t i n t h e s t a n d a r d f i r e t e s t . A n a l y t i c a l methods have been developed which a c c u r a t e l y p r e d i c t b e h a v i o u r when t h e d e g r e e of

r e s t r a i n t i s known. However, i n r e a l world f i r e s , t h e d e g r e e of r e s t r a i n t i s o f t e n i n q u e s t i o n .

O b j e c t i v e . To i n v e s t i g a t e and r e p o r t on t h e d e g r e e of r e s t r a i n t p r o v i d e d t o v a r i o u s s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l a s s e m b l i e s i n r e a l w o r l d f i r e s . To c o n t r i b u t e t o e x p e r i m e n t a l s t u d i e s of t h e e f f e c t of r e s t r a i n t on f i r e r e s i s t a n c e . To k e e p a b r e a s t of developments i n t h e AISI program FASBUS.

Composite A c t i o n i n S t e e l S t r u c t u r e s and R e l a t e d F i r e Performance Background. T h e o r e t i c a l and e x p e r i m e n t a l s t u d i e s have shown t h a t t h e composite a c t i o n between s t e e l and o t h e r components of a s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l assembly i n f l u e n c e s t h e assembly's f i r e r e s i s t a n c e .

O b l e c t i v e . To review, summarize and r e p o r t on t h e t h e o r e t i c a l and

e x p e r i m e n t a l s t u d i e s of t h e r o l e of composite a c t i o n i n t h e f i r e r e s i s t a n c e of s t e e l a s s e m b l i e s .

AREA OF STUDY

3.

PREDICTION OF FIRE RESISTrnCB

Background. The f i r e r e s i s t a n c e t e s t i s a cumbersome, e x p e n s i v e method of p r e d i c t i n g t h e b e h a v i o u r o f a n assembly i n f i r e . P r e d i c t i o n and t h u s d e s i g n bf f i r e r e s i s t a n c e of many a s s e m b l i e s i s now p o s s i b l e t h r o u g h u n d e r s t a n d i n g of t h e i r f i r e behaviour.

O b j e c t i v e . To s t u d y and d e v e l o p methods t o p r e d i c t t h e f i r e r e s i s t a n c e of s t e e l c o n s t r u c t i o n s .

R e l a t e d Task 3-A. A g e n e r a l s t u d y of t h e development of t h e a n a l y t i c a l a p p r o a c h t o t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n of f i r e r e s i s t a n c e .

R e l a t e d P r o j e c t 3-B. F i r e R e s i s t a n c e of S h e e t S t e e l W a l l s

Background. The f i r e r e s i s t a n c e of s h e e t s t e e l w a l l s i s g e n e r a l l y governed by t e m p e r a t u r e r i s e on t h e unexposed w a l l f a c e . The N a t i o n a l B u i l d i n g Code of Canada p e r m i t s t h e waiving of t h i s r e s t r i c t i o n f o r e x t e r i o r w a l l s t h a t have a l i m i t i n g d i s t a n c e of 1.2 m e t r e s o r g r e a t e r t o a d j a c e n t s t r u c t u r e s . I n t h i s c a s e , t h e r e q u i r e d s p a t i a l s e p a r a t i o n i s a f u n c t i o n of t e m p e r a t u r e s r e a c h e d on t h e unexposed f a c e a t t h e r e q u i r e d f i r e r e s i s t a n c e time.

O b j e c t i v e . T o d e t e r m i n e t h e t e m p e r a t u r e s on t h e iinexposed f a c e of s h e e t s t e e l w a l l s d u r i n g a s t a n d a r d f i r e e x p o s u r e by l n a t h c ~ n a t i c a l m o d e l l i n g a n d s m a l l - s c a l e t e s t s . To d e t e r m i n e t h e f i r e r e s i s t a n c e of s h e e t s t e e l w a l l s n o t r e s t r i c t e d by t e m p e r a t u r e r i s e on t h e unexposed f a c e by f u l l - s c a l e t e s t s . To i n v e s t i g a t e e x p e r i m e n t a l l y t h e u s e of f i r e s t o p p i n g and v e n t i n g as methods f o r i m p r o v i n g f i r e r e s i s t a n c e of t h e s e c o n s t r u c t i o n s . To d e t e r m i n e s p a t i a l s e p a r a t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r s e v e r a l t y p i c a l s h e e t s t e e l w a l l c o n s t r u c t i o n s . R e l a t e d P r o j e c t 3-C. M a t e r i a l P r o p e r t i e s a t E l e v a t e d T e m p e r a t u r e s Background. I n o r d e r t o p r e d i c t t h e f i r e r e s i s t a n c e of s t r u c t u r a l a s s e m b l i e s , t h e t h e r m a l a n d s t r u c t u r a l p r o p e r t i e s o f t h e material components of t h e a s s e m b l y must b e a c c u r a t e l y known. However, knowledge of t h e change i n t h e s e p r o p e r t i e s w i t h i n c r e a s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e i n f i r e i s o f t e n a l i m i t t o t h e a c c u r a c y of t h e p r e d i c t i o n of f i r e r e s i s t a n c e . The F i r e S e c t i o n of DBR h a s a n o n g o i n g e x p e r i m e n t a l program t o i n v e s t i g a t e a n d r e p o r t t h e t h e r m a l p r o p e r t i e s of m a t e r i a l s u s e d as components of a s s e m b l i e s . O b j e c t i v e . To c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e e x p e r i m e n t a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n of t h e t h e r m a l p r o p e r t i e s o f m a t e r i a l s a t e l e v a t e d t e m p e r a t u r e s . To r e v i e w a n d r e p o r t o n t h e l i t e r a t u r e r e l a t i n g t o t h e i n f l u e n c e of s t e e l g r a d e on t h e f i r e r e s i s t a n c e o f s t e e l a s s e m b l i e s . R e l a t e d P r o j e c t 3-D. F i r e R e s i s t a n c e o f S m a l l P r o t e c t e d S t r u c t u r a l S t e e l Columns

Background. E n g i n e e r i n g f o r m u l a e have been d e v e l o p e d b a s e d on o n e

d i m e n s i o n a l h e a t t r a n s f e r t h e o r y t o p r e d i c t f i r e r e s i s t a n c e o f p r o t e c t e d s t e e l columns. T h e r e is some e v i d e n c e t h a t t h e s e f o r m u l a e b r e a k down f o r columns of l a r g e r a t i o o f p r o t e c t i o n t h i c k n e s s t o h e a t e d p e r i m e t e r w h i c h v i o l a t e t h e a s s u m p t i o n s upon which t h e t h e o r y i s b a s e d . A n u m e r i c a l method of two d i m e n s i o n a l h e a t t r a n s f e r a n a l y s i s h a s b e e n d e v e l o p e d t o p r e d i c t :ne f i r e r e s i s t a n c e of s t e e l columns w i t h any t h i c k n e s s of p r o t e c t i o n . O b j e c t i v e . To v e r i f y a n a l y t i c a l l y and e x p e r i m e n t a l l y t h e a f o r e m e n t i o n e d t w c d i m e n s i o n a l h e a t t r a n s f e r n u m e r i c a l method f o r columns of h i g h r a t i o of i n s u l a t i o n t h i c k n e s s t o h e a t e d p e r i m e t e r . To modify a s a p p r o p r i a t e t h e e n g i n e e r i n g f o r m u l a e t o a p p l y t o t h e s e columns.

PBOJECT PROPOSALS

1. C a l c u l a t i o n of F i r e R e s i s t a n c e R a t i n g s of Beams

Background. Methods have been developed, based on t h e M/D c o n c e p t , t o p r e d i c t t h e f i r e r e s i s t a n c e r a t i n g o f a column, g i v e n t h e r a t i n g of a n o t h e r column of d i f f e r e n t s i z e w i t h similar p r o t e c t i o n . A t p r e s e n t , beam f i r e r e s i s t a n c e r a t i n g s must be d e t e r m i n e d by f u l l - s c a l e tests.

O b j e c t i v e . To e x t e n d t h e MID c o n c e p t f o r c a l c u l a t i n g f i r e r e s i s t a n c e t o s t e e l beams and j o i s t s t h r o u g h a n a l y s i s and a p p r o p r i a t e t e s t s .

2. F i r e Spread I n s i d e Box P r o t e c t i o n

Background. I n t h e f i e l d , s t e e l columns a r e commonly box p r o t e c t e d w i t h gypsum w a l l b o a r d up t o c e i l i n g h e i g h t , t h e n c o n t o u r p r o t e c t e d above t h e c e i l i n g . There i s - s o m e doubt about p o s s i b l e f i r e s p r e a d o r h e a t f l o w i n t o t h e box a t c e i l i n g h e i g h t .

To d e t e r m i n e e x p e r i m e n t a l l y t h e e x t e n t , i f any, of f l a m e f l o w i n t o a b o x / c o n t o u r p r o t e c t e d column.

3. Heat T r a n s f e r Through Composite Walls

Background. A t y p i c a l w a l l c o n s t r u c t i o n i s masonry b l o c k w i t h imbedded s t e e l columns. No i n f o r m a t i o n e x i s t s a b o u t t e m p e r a t u r e s r e a c h e d on t h e unexposed f a c e of t h e s e w a l l s .

O b j e c t i v e . To d e t e r m i n e a n a l y t i c a l l y a n d / o r e x p e r i m e n t a l l y t h e t e m p e r a t u r e s r e a c h e d on t h e unexposed s u r f a c e of composite b l o c k m a s o n r y / s t e e l column w a l l s .

4.

C o n t r i b u t i o n of Suspended C e i l i n g s t o Assembly F i r e R e s i s t a n c e

Background. Suspended c e i l i n g systems a r e commonly i n s t a l l e d below f i r e - r a t e d f l o o r a s s e m b l i e s . No r e c o g n i t i o n i s g i v e n t o t h e i r a d d i t i o n a l c o n t r i b u t i o n t o f i r e r e s i s t a n c e .

O b j e c t i v e . To d e t e r m i n e a n a l y t i c a l l y and e x p e r i m e n t a l l y t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n of suspended c e i l i n g s t o t h e f i r e r e s i s t a n c e of f l o o r a s s e m b l i e s .

5. Fire Resistance of Stub-Girders

Background. Stub-girders are now in use in high-rise structures. No information exists on their fire performance or their fire resistance requirements.

Objective. To develop fire resistance requirements for stub-girders. T o evaluate their performance against these requirements.

LIST OF

C O W ~ R PBOGRMS

1.

CORRT

Program t o c o r r e c t f i r e r e s i s t a n c e g i v e n a non-standard time- t e m p e r a t u r e curve.

2 . BUCK

Program t o c a l c u l a t e and p r i n t o u t p o i n t s on e l e v a t e d t e m p e r a t u r e b u c k l i n g c u r v e s (S16.1 c u r v e s w i t h e l e v a t e d E and Fy a s i n p u t ) .

Program t o c a l c u l a t e p r o t e c t e d steel column t e m p e r a t u r e s , assuming o n e d i m e n s i o n a l h e a t t r a n s f e r .

4. WIDEF

Program t o c a l c u l a t e t h e s t r u c t u r a l r e s p o n s e of a wide f l a n g e s t e e l column t o l o a d i n g a t e l e v a t e d t e m p e r a t u r e s .

M o d i f i c a t i o n s t o s e v e r a l o t h e r F i r e S e c t i o n programs a r e l i s t e d i n S t e e l F e l l o w Lab book Number 2.