UNITED NATIONS
ECONOMIC AND
SOCIAL COUNC
UNITED NATIONS REGIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC CONFERENCE FOR AFRICA
Nairobi (Kenya), 1-13 July 19^3
Provisional agenda item 7
LIMITED
E/CN.14/CART/49 e/conf.43/49
1 July 1963
ENGLISH
Original : FRENCH
CARTOGRiiPHIC ACTIVITIES IN THE
CONGO (LEOPOLDVILLE)
(Submitted by the Government of the Congo (Leopoldvilla))
* For participants only.
NAI-63-7
E/CN.14/CART/49 /COHF.43/49
GEOGRAPHICAL IKSIITLTE OS1 THE CO17GO
AMTUAL KEPOKT 1962
SUMMARY
TECHNICAL REPORT
Introduction , 1
Chapter I Administration, General Services 2
Chapter II Geodesy - Topography -> 2
Chapter III Photo - Cartography. * 6
e/ck.i4/caht/49 e/conf.43/49
. INTRODUCTION
In 1962 the work of the Institute "56001116 more regulars although still remaining below its normal level "because of difficulties in obtaining supplies of essential products, spare parts, and so on.
This year for the first time the Geographical Institute of the Congo participated in several international conferences including the Colloquy and 4th Meeting of the Committee for the Establishment
of CCTA/CSA Maps at Salisbury,, the Munich Pho togramme trie Week and
the BONN Conference on the International Map of the World on the 1 si,000,000 scale.
The appointment in the near future of our trainees, who will be able to act as Heads of Topographical Missions, and the recruitment of a technician responsible for Aerial Surveys, give us every reason to expect the Institute's work to expand in 1963*
GEOGRAPHICAL INSTITUTE OF THE CONGO
e/0N.14/CAET/49
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Page 2
CHAPTER I - DIVISION OF GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES
CHAPTER II - DIVISION OF GECDESY AND TOPOGRAPHY C) WORK
I - Work on the ground (see also plates 1, 2, 4)
Completed;(a) Planimetric control and trigonometric levelling : 6 fill-in points in the LUKULA (Lover Congo) region, ("b) General levelling : nil.
- A sustained effort was made, howevers to re-establish a levelling mission which would have operated in Kwilu and in the Port-Francqui Territory and Tshikapa.
- After a reconnaissance carried out in May it was found that the damage to the demarcation of levelling lines was more extensive than had been allowed for on the basis of informa tion obtained in I960; thus, no marking point was found west of Port-Francqui, and the same bituation prevailed to the Bast of that locality (line HO).
- Moreover, we have had to reoognize that it was premature to despatch the planned mission because of the lack of supplies on the spot and because of the difficult working conditions the staff might still encounter in certain regions.
(c) Equipment for photogrammetry
22 points for cartography-topography on the scale 1:50,000 (RR 222 - Sast of the BOEA-LUKULA axis)
6 points for planimetric cartography on the scale 1:100,000
(Zones 7 and Extension in R.U).
e/coup. 43/49 /4/
Page 3
Planned:
(a) Lower-Congo; completion .of equipment for the topographical map
on the scale 1:50,000 (HR 216 to the north of the
5th parallel to the west of the Leopoldville meridian).
(b) Leopoldville region: regional precision levelling cross-overs, completion survey of trigonometric control, occasional network for cartography.
(c) Possible work according as the situation improves
(d) For cartographic networks by absolute determinations, the courses given by a technician to 6 apprentice geographers will continue during a large part of the year,
II - Work of the Computations and Publications Section
COMPUTATIONS MADS (completed in 1962) see plate 3
(a) Definitive (based on the 30th meridian, datum Arc 1951):
1 — Planimetric adjustment (principal chain) computations of
planimetric and geometric co-ordinates of the Congolese
Arc of the 6th parallel.
Publication of the results is in process.
2 - Planimetric adjustment of the Graben and 3 S Transversal Chain
(liaison with the chain of the 30th meridian)
Computation of co-ordinates X, Y in the projection.
3 - TZGL network (Zone of the great KIVU-MAHIEMA Lakes)
planimetric adjustment and computation of the X Y co ordinates in the projection.4 - Main controls and fill-in of Itombwe (CffL), KILIBA-ULIMDI (Forces) and South-KAMITUGA (MGL):
Planimetric adjustment and computation of X X co-ordinates in the projection.
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Page 4 ,
(*>) Provisional .
1 - River control- 3ora down-stream - Banana
Planimetric adjustment with computation of co-ordinates in the projection.
Compilation of the list of .lo-or&inates.
2 - Control of Western region, situated between the 1st and 2nd Transversals of Ruanda-Urundi
Same work as above.
(c) Computations for photocartography : - Computed control points: 181
- Transformation ofco-ordinates: 146 points
COMPUTATIONS IN PROGRESS (1962-63)
(a) Altimetric adjustment of the Lower—Congo network.
Computation of altitudes.
(b) Regional control of -BukavUc -
Dufinitive planimetric adjustment of the main figures.
Computation of the X Y co-ordinates in the projection Publication of results.
COMPUTATIONS PLANNED IN 1963: :-
A - Definitive computations
(a) Planimetric adjustment of the main network and the secondary
network of the NORTH-KIVU bounded by the 1° N and 1° S parallels.
- computation c.f co-ordinates in the projection - publication of results.
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Page 5
(to) Main and seoondary control of Ruzizi:
- Planimetric adjustment
- Computation of co-ordinates in the projection - Publication of results.
(c) Planimetric adjustment of the secondary controls:
(1) in the Uorth-KIVU (2) in the Lower-Congo (3) in the TZGL network (4) in the BUKAVTJ region.
B, Current transformation computations of co-ordinates and control points for the Photocartography Department.
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Page 6
Chapter III -. Ph^tcoarto.gra.phy Division
^ ~ Aerial. Surveys . ■
C. Work
Cl ~ Aerial work: was not resumed in 19^2 owinjj to:
- the lack of suitable flying oqurp
- the eoonoraic situation which did not permit renewal of the contract of hire which existed previously between
8ABENA and the IGC. .
The photographic cover has not been modified since 1 January I96I.
It adds up to 85 per cent of the total area of the country and is
shown-on the map of the photographed regions (plate annex l).
C2 - Ground work: the establishment 0;? new cover diagrams, drawn on the basis of the new aerial surveys completed, has had to be
interrupted because no aerial surveys have been made since January I96I.
The team responsible for this work has nevertheless carried out the following work:
(0 Checking and repres- ntation on lj500,000 diagrams by province:
- of continuity solutions appearing locally in the photographed
r.ones, either through the absence of photographic overlap between strips or through excessive cloud.
- of the common parts between neighbouring strips which do not present an adequate latnral overlap.
(b) Rectification of some cover diagrams.
(c) Modification of 40 of the cover diagrams previously established, (d) Re-sketching cf aerial photographs of certain blocks the
previously established tracings of which were incomplete or had deteriorated.
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Page 7
II - Cartography
C. Work
Cartographic interpretation work of the aerial cover ia hereun&er by category and given again in detail in the annexes.
Cl - 1st stage oartograph?
Compilations - snail scale stereo master-copies (Annex 1 and plates la, lb and 1c).
Cl.l Scale tracings of photographs
New: 29,000 km2
C1.2 Master-copies on the scale 1:200,000 (plate la)
New: 42,240 km2
Remodelled: on tracing: 45,400 kmo
on paper: 54,625 km2
C1.3 Stereo master-copies on the scale 1:1,000,000 by province (plate lb) on the scale 1:3,000,000 for the whole Congo (plate lc)
C2 - 2nd stage cartography; simplified plotting (Annex II and plate 2)
C2.1 Systematic work;
Planimetric master-copies on the scale 1:50,000:
- Completed as far ac the drawing stage: 52,000 km
- Completed as far as the radial triangulation stage: 47,000 km2
- Completed as far as plotting on the instruments stage:
3,500 km2 (R.U.-E.S.78)
C3 - 3rd stage topographical._.Qg:£tog;rai)h.v: Topographical plotting (Annex III and plate 3)
Topographical master-copies:
m progress : 15 km9 on the siiale 1:5,000
12,600 ka
2on the scale 1:25,000
B/CN.14/CAET/49 e/conf.43/49
Page 8
Planimetric master-copies on. the scale 1:50,000 plotted on
instruments: 3,5CO km2(R.U.-R.S.78) (see 2.1).
C4 - Mosaics (plate 4)
In view of the high cost price and low sale of this work it
has been suspended,. Only specially demanded work will be performed.
^5 - Drawing: The cartographic drawing office has produced several works of which the principal ones are listed in annex IV.
C6 - Collation and arrangement of "base maps (Annex V)
All these dr&.ring works are edited by the Bureau du Collationnement
et des Eases (Collation «:rl Ease Kape Office).
In addition, this Office keeps up to date the filing and index of basic documents: geodetic, topographic, gravimetric, photo graphic j stereo records and their derivatives, base maps of territorial boundaries, toponymy, specific information and conventional representation, and the filing of cartographio master-copies selected at the drawing stage. The records relating to this documentation are filed and an index of them is kept up to dater.
The non-cartographic dpoumerta printed by the IGC are also
indexed and filed,C7 - Cartographic reproduction:. Photo engraving and printing (Annex VI)
The printing shop consists of:
(a) Two offset machines on >ih: ch the following were printed:
1 - Documents in one colour Number of run3 through the press
193330 plans, naps and sketches
(10 different documents) . 4,000
54?5OO miscellaneous formularies 11,000
400 panphlets (l document) 3,400
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Page 9
2 - Documents in two colours
500 maps (12 different documents) 8o°
3 - Documents in three colours
6s8OO maps (21 different documents) 29,000
4 - Documents in four colours
4,840 maps and plans (8 different documents) 21,800
5 _ Documents in five colours
28,450 maps and sketches (11 different 18,000
documents) 6 - Documents in six colours
1,500 maps (3 different documents) 9,000
7 - Documents in seven colours
1,000 maps (2 different documents) T;000
8 - Documents in eight colours
250 maps (1 document) . 2'00
9 - Documents in ten colours
/- -, ^ 5,000
500 maps (1 document;
Total quantities
63,170 plans, maps and sketches 54,500 formularies
400 pamphlets
This production which relates to 60 different cartographic documents and to various collections of formularies, has necessitated 111,000 runs for both offset presses i.e., approximately 200 runs per machine per
working day.
A hand typographic press, permanently used for the
printing of covers for pamphlets and various collections
of formularies.
(c) A photo engraving laboratory in which the work listed in
Annex VI was performed.
E/CN.H/CART/49 U/COKF.43/49
Page 10
C8 - Photographic laboratories
The following work was performed:
- on the pn3umatic_ slide • ■ '
- Photoprints of 3^9 mosaics for the sales service
- 446 m2 of photomechanical and photocopied reproductions.
~ on ordinary printers
. ; - Photoprints of 229626 contact prints 5 ? 356 transparencies 4s9^4 counterparts.
- on the reproduction machine (Repronar)
- Reductions of 95 plates- Reductions of 7 assemblies - Enlargement of 56 plates. ■
"~ on the rectifier (Zeiss)
- Photos set to scale, for mosaic; nil.
E". B. The preparation of■mosaics has been suspended and is only done Vr special order.
- Photographic enlargements of 69 documents.
- on the HADBGO machine
Production of 161 films for toponymy and cartographic texts N.B. This machine was out of order for several months
"because of the lack of adequate lighting tubes.
Since October 1962 production has been slowed down owing to the lack of stripping film which was ordered but not delivered.
- on the "Kartolux" machine
Production of 2 films comprising the toponymy for two cartographic plates.
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C9 - Trials - Studies
Certain trials and studies have been made at the drawing stage:
- The application of various procedures for altimetrio
representation: shadings— hypsometric tints - feature curves.
The procedure of representing relief by shading could be applied in the future in the preparation of certain maps, for regions where the altimetry is not precisely known.
Two draughtsmen were given training in this special work
at a course they followed at the Institut Geographigue National.
The "Scribing" procedure (engraving on transparent support) was tested and found satisfactory from the point of view of
representation, particularly of road networks, railways and contours. Two draughtsmen were introduced to this new method when they followed a course at the Institut Geographique
National.
S3 - Work
The long-term cartographic programme planned as one of the projects of the Second Ten-Year Plan will remain in force
and may be executed as a priority for:
(1) the regions at present covered by aerial photography and by a "ground" network suitable for the cartography planned;
(2) the other regions according as circumstances permit the execution of the photographic cover and the "ground"
network suitable for the cartography planned.
This programme comprises :
- Small-scale planimetrio cartography (1st stage: compilation)
which may be conducted in terms of the interpreted photo
graphic cover;
- Medium-scale planimetrio cartograhy (2nd stage: simplified plotting), which may be conducted in terms of the existing
or possible future "ground" network.
- Small-soale topographical cartography, including
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Page 12
(a) The sheet line map of the woili on the11:1,000,000 scale
in Lambert's orthomorphic projection;
(b) The ICAO map on the 1:1,000,000 scale for which the
world map will serve as a base, with aeronautical information overprinted 5
(c) The administrative and political map of the Congo on
the scale 1;3,000,000;
Medium-scale topographical cartography
as there is a topographical mission operating in-the Lower Congo, this cartography may be continued'in the future.
Large-scale topographical cartography (urban centres) cannot
be undertaken until circumstances permit "ground" missions to function normally.
e/cn. 14/cart/49 e/cohf.43/49
'Annex I
(See plates la, lb
ANNEX I and lc)
1st Stage Systematic Cartographys Compilations (plate la)
No. of the Po .nw Area covered
compilation region ^
(a) Tracings of compilations (on the
scale of the photos)
C 49 INONGO - LOKOLAMA - OSHtfE 29,000
Total: 29,000
(b) ITew compilation master-copies
on the scale' 1:200,000
C 72b STAHIiBYVILLS-BAJVASBUDS (2nd part) 17,820
C 49 INONGO - LOKOLAMA - GSMS 24,420
Total: 42,240
(c) Remodelled oompil- tions (1) on tracings
C 75 b BI3FAI.S - DJOLU 45,400
Total: 45,400
(2) on thick paper on the
scale 1:200,000
C 75 t B3FALI!) - DJOLU 45,400
C 73 BAFI'IAS^J13E (connexion with U.S. 66) 9,225
Total: 54,624
b/CN*14/CART/.49 e/coep. 43/49
Annex I Page 2
(d) Stereo master-copy on the scale 1:1,000,000:
new master-copies for each province on MERCATOR projection (plate.lb).
The existing stereo master-copies, compiled
before 1962, by reduction of compilations and plottings, have been completed by incorporatingnew cartographic bases compiled in 1962 by these
methods.
(e) Stereo master-copies on the scale I:3j000,000:
new master-copies for the map of the whole Congo on MSHCATOR projection - (plate 1c).
The establishment of master-copies on the scale
1:3,000,000 on MSRCATOR projection is achieved
by reduction of the pantograph, based on master- copies on the scale Is 1,000,000 as and when the latter are compiled,e/cn.h/cart/49 e/cobf.43/49
Annex II
ANNEX II (boo plate 2)
2nd Stage Systematic Cartography, Systematic Work
Area in km2 co— Area Trcred T>y radial drawn
triangulation
No. Region --- _--_ -_■ 3cale Precision
RS 61 Kwango - Est (in 1961) 24,00^ ls5O3OOO 1:100,000
km
RS 70a(l) Wamba - Mambasa (in I96I) 21,000 1:50,000 (¥.1:100,000)
km2 (3.1:200,000)
R5 78 (2) Ruanda-Urundi (zones 1 to 6) 13,000 km2 7?000 -1:50,000 1:100,000
km2
RS 54 Businga - Banzyville 24,000 km2 - 1:50,000 1:200,000
RS 56 Lisala ■ 10,000 km2 - 1:50,000 1:200,000
Total : 47,000 km2 523OOO
km2
(1) The 3S 70 plotting on the stereotope had been suspended to give priority to RS 78 (E.U.). At present, plotting on instruments is
complete, but 5 plates out of 28 have still to be drawn inaccordance with the stereotope master-copies.
(2) About one-half of the plotting and drawing was done by A6, the
other half by stereotope..
Contours have been transposed on to these planimetric plates on the basis of contours of the topographic plates of E.U-
printed on the scale 1:100,000 (1936 edition).
E/CU.14/CART/49 b/cokf.43/49
Annex Y
AlttGX V
WORK OF COLLATING 1-diD ARRANGING BASE MAPS
The work of this office consists of:
1. Base Documents
A) Photo library: Distribution and filing of aerial photographs B) Base documents for cartography? Indexing and filing:
' ~ of hase documents
Volume I : documents serving as a baso for oartographic master-copies at present established by the IGC, toe-j^h^r vith th~ index of theso . mas ter—copie s.
Volume II : oartographio documents of countries bordering on the Congo, of other African countries and of other continents.
■ Volume III : non-cartographic documents printed by the
~ of records; indexing and filing in progress.
C) Transfer of control marks and levelling marks:
1. Maintenance of lists and reference plates by degree squared relating tc these marks.
2. Transfer on to photos of control marks, astronomic points, frontier boundary stones and filing- of these photos by degree squared.
3. Transfer on to photos of levelling marks and filing of these photos by levelling line.
4. Filing of reference cards relating to these marks.
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Annex V Page 2
D) Filing of non-transferable cartographic documents printed "by the IOC
2, Collating of oartographio documents
This covers the collation of the draughtsmen's work relating to cartographio documents intended for publication, including!
- the reduced collation for 5 Territory maps on the scale 1:200,000;
- the partial collation for 11 Territory maps "brought up-to-date;
- the partial collation for 2 maps on the scale 1:100,000;
- the complete collation for 7 maps by degree squared, on the scale 1:200,000;
- the complete collation of 20 topographic maps on the scale 1:25,000 selected for 7 colours;
- the complete collation of the films of 4 topographic maps on the scale 1:50,000 seleoted for 7 colours;
- the collation of 12 planimetric maps on the scale 1:50,000 selected for 6 colours;
- the collation of a film for 1 planimetric map on the scale 1:100,000 selected for 6 colours;
- the collation of 6 planimetric plates on the scale
1:50,000 aelected for 4 colours (R.U. - RS 62 and 68);
- the collation of two mosaics of planimetric plates on the
scale 1:50,000 (R.U. - RS 62 and 68);
- the collation of films for 2 planimetric plates on the scale 1:100,000 selected for 6 colours;
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Annex V Page 3
- -the collation of films for 2 planimetric plates on the soale
1:100,000 selected for 4 colours (R.U.- RS 62 and 68);
- the collation of graticules for 8 territorial maps, 3 road maps "by Province, 1 map on the scale 1:3>000,COO, 11 maps "by degree squared, 2 maps on the scale lsl00,000 and 1 planimetric plate on the scale 1:50,000$
- the collation of a mosaic of planimetric plates on the scale
1:50,000 to be reduced to 1:100,000 (6 colours);
- the collation of 4 mosaics on the scale 1:25,000 to be reduced
to 1*50,000 topographic (7 colours);
- the collation of a legend of signs and symbols for 1 map on
the scale 1:100,000 (R.U.- RS 62 and 68).
iik^*:^*^:ii^£-*<^^ ■aifli'
ANHEX VI
PRINTING OFFICE
e/ch.h/cart/49 e/conf. 43/49
Annex VI
DOCUMENTS
NATURE
SCALE
Number
REQUESTED BY
QUANTITY
A) (l) Maps in one colour
Territorial Organization 3
Regional map of Elisabethville 3 Map of the Congo - printing of 1
railway-
Guide to Leopoldville 1
Territory of the Congo 1
l/l6th degree squared - Maps attached 1
for catalogue
1:8,000,000 1:50,000 1:3,000,000
—
1:200,000 1:50,000
State UN State
UN State State
3
10
5
,250
775
105
,000 200 ,000
19*330
A) (2) Formularies in one colour
Miscellaneous formularies Stats 54,500
54,500
Annual Report
1961
A) (3)
Pamphlets3.
in one colour
State 400
400
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jv-Uiex VI Page 2
DOCUMENTS
NATURE
Territorial Organization
Territories of the Congo Degrees squared
Road maps
SHELL Road Map
Map of Leopoldville " "
Mm. and Pol. Road Maps Annexes to Annual Report +
« . .
IGC catalogue
Number
B) Maps
1 1
C) Maps
11
10
D) Maps
4
1 1 2E) Maps
3 8
in
in
in
in
SCALE
two colours
1:3,000,000
1:8,000,000
three colours
1:200,000 1:200,000
four colours
1:1,000,000 1:500,000 1:3,000,000 1:20,000
five colours
1:1,000,000
1:8,000,000
REQUESTED BY
State
it
State
11
State
(i
SHELL State
State
1?
QUANTITY
250 , 250 500
3»800 3,800 6,800
2,140 500 500 1,700 4,840
950 _ 27i5OO_ _
28,450
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Annex VI Page 3
DOCUMENTS
NATUBE
1/16 degree squared
SCALE EEQUESTED QUANTITY BY
Number
1:50,000 State
j) Photo Engraving
Copy on astralon including intermediate stage with a view to printing Number of cycles
Copies on zinc Plastification Graining
1/4
degree squaredi)
o)
Maps
3
Maps in
in
six colours
1:100,000
seven colours
State 1
1 ,500
,500
1,000
1,000
Map of the Ten Year
Economic map of the Plan
Congo
H)
I)
Maps
1
Maps
1 in
in
eight oolours
ls3,000,000
ten oolours
li3s000,000
State
State
250 250
500 500
1,112
