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Genotoxicity impact of pesticide photoproducts
Eric Goujon, Aurélien Trivella, Pascale Goupil, Claire Richard, Gérard Ledoigt
To cite this version:
Eric Goujon, Aurélien Trivella, Pascale Goupil, Claire Richard, Gérard Ledoigt. Genotoxicity im-pact of pesticide photoproducts. Les Journées de l’Ecoles Doctorales des Sciences de la vie, Santé, Agronomie, Environnement, May 2013, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Universite Blaise Pascal, 1 p., 2013. �hal-01190340�
Eric Goujon
1, Aurélien Trivella
2, Pascale Goupil
1, Claire Richard
2and Gérard Ledoigt
11 Laboratoire PIAF, UMR 547-UBP/INRA, Université Blaise Pascal, Campus universitaire des Cézeaux, 24, avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière cedex, France,
e-mail : Gerard.LEDOIGT@univ-bpclermont.fr
2 Laboratoire LPMM, UMR 6505-UBP/CNRS, Université Blaise Pascal, Campus universitaire des Cézeaux, 24, avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière cedex, France
Pesticides are used extensively to improve crop yields and to better control vectors. Due to their indiscriminate use, they accumulate in the environment,
and humans are often exposed to them. By-products of transformation in the environment can play a significant role in defining the impact of pesticides on both
human health and the natural ecosystems.
Sulcotrione is a triketone herbicide used to control dicotyledonous weeds and barnyard grass in corn crop yields, and is quickly degraded in soil.
Photochemical reactions from direct photolysis are transformation pathways for pesticides and recent studies have proved that Sulcotrione exposed to sunlight
mainly generate photoproducts like xanthene-1,9-dione-3,4-dihydro-6-methylsulfonyl. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the genotoxicity impact of
photoproducts by an Allium cepa test.
- The inhibition of the mitotic index by the photoproducts compared with the pure Sulcotrione show the cytotoxic effect of these by-products.
- The enhance of the chromosomal aberration frequency show a genotoxic effect for both pure Sulcotrione and its photoproducts with different pathways.
These results show the importance of risk assessment and ecotoxicological monitoring of pesticides, including main degradation products like photoproducts.
C. Sta, G. Ledoigt, E. Ferjani, P. Goupil, Exposure of Vicia faba to sulcotrione pesticide induced genotoxicity, Pest. Biochem. Physiol., 103 (2012) 9-14.
A. Halle, J. Wiszniowski, A. Hitmi, G. Ledoigt, F. Bonnemoy, J.L. Bonnet, J. Bohatier, C. Richard, Photolysis of the herbicide sulcotrione: formation of a major photoproduct and its toxicity evaluation, Pest Manag. Sci., 65 (2009) 14-18.
Genotoxicity impact
of pesticide photoproducts
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
Mitotic Index (%) of root tips cells after 48h treatment of Pure Sulcotrione (○) and Irradiated Sulcotrione (●) were shown in function of final Sulcotrione concentration remaining. Data represent an average (±SE) of 3–5 bulbs. Homogeneous groups are build with p<0.05 in a Tukey HSD all-pairwise comparisons test.
The analysis was made of an average of 3000 cells for each root tip.
Sulcotrione and by-products inhibit cell division
with a similar pathway.
Anomalies Frequency (%) of Anaphase and Telophase cells after 48h treatment of Pure Sulcotrione (○) and Irradiated Sulcotrione (●) were shown in function of final Sulcotrione concentration remaining. Data represent an average (±SE) of 3–5 bulbs. Homogeneous groups are build with p<0.05 in a Tukey HSD all-pairwise comparisons test.
Sulcotrione enhance aberrations to a plateau near
25% of abnormal Anaphase or Telophase cells with high level of Sulcotrione concentration.
Photoproducts enhance aberrations frequency
with an exponential relationship with all concentration of residual Sulcotrione.
Chromosom
e
aberrations
Aqueous Sulcotrione was irradiated using polychromatic light (300–450 nm) which simulates solar light. A typical UPLC chromatogram after the irradiation of the solution is shown below.
Onion roots meristems (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum) were used as the study material. The bulbs were placed in filtered water, changed every 24 h and kept at constant temperature. Each treatment was made at least on three bulbs. The excised root tips were fixed for 24 h in Clarke's solution (ethanol 99% and glacial acetic acid 3:1) and kept in 70% alcohol at 4°C.
The experiment was made in two steps. First, Sulcotrione (2×10-4 M) was photodegraded
in controlled conditions until a conversion extent of 50% to accumulate photoproducts. Second,
Allium cepa test treatments used these irradiated samples diluted to reach concentrations of
Sulcotrione in the range 5×10-9 - 5×10-5 M . For each concentration, the control experiments used the same Sulcotrione concentration, but photoproducts were absent.
Mitotic
index
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase TelophaseUPLC chromatogram of an irradiated solution of Sulcotrione
(detection at 240 nm).
Chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa root tip meristem cells visualized with light microscopy. (a.) Vagrants chromosomes; (b.) chromatid bridges; (c.) Laggards; (d.) stickiness; (e.) Stars; (f.) Fragments.
a. c.
d. e. f.
b.
