GEOMAN: an interactive program for the management of geological thin section data: Univac Fortran Ascii version

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Reference

GEOMAN: an interactive program for the management of geological thin section data: Univac Fortran Ascii version

STRASSER, Andréas, DAVAUD, Eric Jean, CHAROLLAIS, Jean-Jacques

STRASSER, Andréas, DAVAUD, Eric Jean, CHAROLLAIS, Jean-Jacques. GEOMAN: an interactive program for the management of geological thin section data: Univac Fortran Ascii version . Genève : Université de Genève, Section des sciences de la Terre, 1982, 78 p., ill.

Available at:

http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:120348

Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version.

1 / 1

DE L'uNIVERSITÉ DE GEruÈVT

Nol

I 982

GEOMAN:

An interactlve ^program for the management

of geological thin section data '

Univac Fortran Ascil verslon

André STRASSER, Eric DAVAUD, Jean CHAROLLAIS

Atelier d'impression

de la

Section

de Physique de

l'Université

de Genève

Section

des Sciences de ^la Terre 13,

rue des

^Maraîchers

CH-1211 Genève 4

cÉoLoGIE ET

DE L'UNIVERSITÉ DE GEruÈve

Nol

1 982

GEOMAN:

An interactive program tor the management

of geological thin secfion data ^- Univac Fortran Ascii version

André STRASSER, Eric DAVAUD, Jean CHAROLLAIS

Atelier d'impression

de la

Section

de Physique de

l'Université

de Genève

Section

des Sciences de la Terre 13,

rue des

Maraîchers

CH-1211 Genève 4

-2-

I

INTRODUCTION

2. CODIFICATION

VariabLe codes Coding rules

Exanplg

3.

^PROCRA},T STRUCTURE Æ.ID

DATA

TREATMENT

2.L;

2.2.

2.3.

I

2 3 3 3 3

3.4.

3.5 .

4.

SYSTEM CONTROL CARDS

Dara input ^(INDATA) Structure of data bank

Updating of ^{sarnples (UPDT)}

and of codenarnes (uPcoou)

Extract,ion of ^data, edition ^(nxtngm)

Selection of variables and

preparation for sEat,ietical or graphical treatment ^(PnsP) Edition of variabtee ^(INOUX) Geological sections (rcc)

Correspondence analysis ^(cRsP) Histograns ^(HfSt)

Scatter diagrams ^(CnPn)

3. 6.

3.7 .

3.8.

3.9.

3.10.

INDEX

I.'

INTRODUCTION

the FORTRAI{ ASCII program GEOMÆ,I has been rlr.itten for the mpnagenent of geological thin section data.

Analysis of large quantities of thin sections, wiÈh sometimes

complex inÈerrelaËions between Ehe rock components, makes Èhe use

of a computer indispensable. Experience gained through the use of the program published by CHAROLLAIS & DAVAITD in L976 for computer supported microfacies analysis helped to develop this ne!ù concept.

GEOMAII is a flexibl.e and versatile program, and its application requires no programming knowledge. NoË only geological thin

secË ion data, but almost any kind of ^quanE itat ive and/or

qualitaÈive urltivariate data sets can be stored, selectively extracted and treated.

The data bank holds up to 5000 samples and 500 variables. Each

sample is described by up to 72 variables. The various descriptive and statistical subprograms can handle 200 saurples and 50 variables simultaneously.

The program requires e nemory of ^{32 K words.}

The examples shown in this ^manual are of sedimentary rock thin sections.

DO NOT START CODIFYING BEFORE IIAVING

READ THE

T{HOI,E

}TAI{UAL

CAREFULLY

4

2

DIFICATION

For comput,er Ereatment, it is necessary Eo codify the data obÈained

by the sÈudy of thin secÈions and samples, or derived ^from

microprobe, geochernical, X-ray or other analysis. Each sample is

identified by a number or name, each component or variable by

^a

codename.

2.I Var iab le Codes

A list containing all variables appearing in the codified samples

has to be written on a file ^(tape 11), which will be used by the computer (file INA).

There is a free choice of the 4-character mremonic codenames

(letters _and/or digits) and the 24-character description of ^each

var iab le .

Examples:

QURZ

ECHI

GRÆT CEMl

DETRITAL

_QUARTZ ECITINODERMS

S.L.

GRAINSTONE

FIRST GENERATION

CEMENT

The codename has to start on position I of Ëhe punched card ^(or input line on a screen), the description on position 8 (i.e. there are 3 blanks in between). e maximum of 500 variables is allowed.

The The

codenames will appear in the various output representaÈions.

variable description is used for the fu11 description of the chap. 3.6. ). A complete, alphabetically ordered list of

^Ehe

variables is supplied by calling

^UPCODE

^{(see 3.3.).}

For correct treatment, the first card ^(or

musË indicat,e the number of codenames in

justified).

rnput

co lurnns

line) of the lisr

30 to 32 (right

2.2 Coding Rules

Each sample has to be codified according Eo the following rules (a _coding error will be signaled and Ehe sample rejected)

^:

On the firsÈ

number ^(name ), are indicated

(or input line)

coordinaÈes and

each sample,

posicion in

card its its ^of the ^the

samp

le sect ion

position 0l-04

position 06-12

position l3-19 posit ior. 20-26

position 27-33

The coordinates and the

format:4digits-point

sanrp

le ident if icat ion

(aigits _{and/or lerters)} firsE coordinaÈe

second coordinaÈe

position in section

lower limit of area Ëhe sample

is represenËative for

upper limit of representaÈive area.

positions in section have to have the

- 2 digits.

posiEion 34-40

Coordinates are opLional. Positions in section are optionaL,

unless a representation of section and vertical distribution of variables is requested ^(LOC, chap. 3.7,). Iower and upper linits will be considered as data points in Èhe calculation of the

distribution curves (no indication of lower and/or upper lirnit

means grading from one data point to Ehe other).

Although the printout will be rrcoordinatesrrand ttposiÈion", _any kind of digital information can be introduced here, as long

as

the format is correcÈ.

Examp

les

-6

20. 30 20.30 5.60

3801 3812 38Bl

701 . 4005

I6 .860

701.4005I6.860 18.00 21.50 21.50

(see Fig. l)

?2m -

380r 20m -

l8n -

FIG. ^I

The codification of the variables is written on posiÈions 4l-80

of the first card (or input line) and on positions 1-80 of the

following ones. A maximum of 5 cards (or lines) per samples is allowed.

Each codenarne has 4 characÈers and must figure in the variable

lisE ^(chap. 2.I.).

The frequency (percentage) of a variable is indicated by I or

²

(l )

^:

digits after a slash following _the codename

QURz/r5 ^PELL/6

(ttFrequencyrr will ^{be printed} out, but any I or 2 digit number can

If there is no frequency number assigned,

rrpresentrr, i.e. it can be extracÈed, but

calculated as ^0.

the variable Is the frequency is

(1) See Table la for geological rneaning of codenames used in text.

The diameÈer of a variable afEer a comma, following the

QURZ/15,120 PELL,200

but any l-4 digit number can ^be ('rDiameter" _wi l1 be printed out

,

thus represenÈed).

Up to 5 second order variables can be added in parenthesis for

^a

more detailed descripÈion of a given item. Each of these second

order variables can be specified by a I or 2 digit number for frequency (following a slash) and a third order variable in parenthesis. DiameÈers of ^second and.third order variables and

frequencies of third order variables cannot be indicaLed. All variable codes have to figure in the variable list.

Note Ëhat Ehe parenthesis count musÈ be correct.

Examples

^:

QURZ/15,120

^(ANGU)

PELL|6,200 ^(MrCR

ROUN

Arr,O)

rNTR/5,400 (MrCR/60(pYRr) rCnr/ 20 LAL'E,/r0 QURZ/r0(ANGU) )

is indicated by a L-4 digit number codenane or ^{Èhe frequency} number

^:

The last line lare

¹

libranchs

_,

pyr ite.

descr ibes

quartz an intraclast containing echinoderms,

(which is ^angular ) and nicrite with

- ^BeËween blanks

the variable descriptions there nay be one or ^rnore

GRAN _QrrRZ

/L5,L20 PELL/6,200 ^(MrCR

^ROUN

Atr.O) rNTR/5,400

- ^{The end} of each sample is indicated by an asterisk

^:

...ALGA/5(MrCR)*

-8

- ^The last card or input line of the

conLain the word END (on positions list of codified samples must

1-3).

I ^if'*

A maximum of 5000 samples can be stored. The samples are wriEEen on

an inprrt file (tape 15), which in the program is used as file IUN.

v-..

ç

É,4

-a

5506 685.290207.320 ir.80 8.00 72.50 FLUH BETK GRÆ{ SORT/2 QURZ,TOO(SUBR

^ONDU

SUGR) EUqU SPAR/52(SCEM) MISP/2

TLICR/

1

^ACEM

PELL/13 180 OUN MICR

BIMO INTR ¹⁰,

220 (RorrN l,trcR(?rRt) BlcL(PJRr ) PELL

INTR

2,480 ^(nouu PELL/ 40(urcn) wctl10(pyRr) MrcR/50)

BrcL/ 20,250(SUSn RECR BORE(UrCn)) ECrrr/8(SyNT) LALIE/5(nnCn) BRAC/3(pl.lCr) nnyO/2(MrcR) elce/t (urcn) urlr(MrcR ^pyRr)*

ilt,t!.

{

I

Fig. 2 : Codification of a sedimenLary rock thin section

2.3. Exauple

the ^examp Ie shor,in in f igure LimesÈone (Valanginian) of

Swit zer land

.

2 is a Ehin section of

Ehe

^He

lveÈic ^{Nappes the in Bet} lis -

Cent.r

a

I

The sample number is 5506. The sample was Eaken ar 11.80 meters in Ëhe section and is representative between 8.00 and 12.50 meters.

The locality is called ^hochFLUH, the formation is BET1is-Ka1k. It is a GRAiNstone ^(Dunham classification) and medium well

SORTed

(here the number after the slash does not indicate the frequency

but a sorting degree).

There is less than I 7. _QUaRtZ present with a diameÈer of ¹⁰⁰

microns. The quartz is SUBRounded and shows ONDUlose extinction and SUbGRains. AUthigenic QUartz is ^present,

52 "/. of Ëhe sample are ^made up by SPARite, in Lhis case ^as

secondary or ^B-CEMent . 2 7" of ^Èhe Ëhin secÈion are MlcroSParite, L ^7. i.s MICRiÈe. A-CEMent (rin cement) formed around Ehe grains.

The peloids (fnll; _L3 7" and 180 microns mean diameter) are

ROUNded,

MICRitie, and show a BIMOdal distribution. I0 ^"A of Ëhe rock are made up by ROUNded INTRaclasts, consisting of PYRItic MICRite,

PYRItic BIoCLasts and PEIoids. A second population of

^ROUNded

INTRaclasts Q ^"Â and 480 microns diameter ) contains MICRitic

PELo

ids ^{(40 "/.} of Ehe intraclast ) , ^PYRIT ic BIoCLasts (L0 7") and

MICRite as matrix ⁽⁵⁰ 7").

BIoCLasts toËal 2O % of the thin section. They have a mean diameler

of 250 microns, are SUBRounded, RECRystalLized and BOREd (ttre

borings are filled with ^MICRite ). The bioclasts are

differentiated : ECHlnoderms with SYNTaxial cement ^{(8 i(),}

RECRysEallized LAMEllibranch fragments (5 7"), PuNCTate BRAChiopods

Q i4), ^{BRYOzoans (Z} "t"; their caviLies are ^f illed with MICRite),

MICRitic ALGAe Q 7.), and MICRitic and PYRItic ^MILIolid foraminifera (less Èhan L %).

This example shows that a very detailed description is ^possible.

is also evident that noÈ only thin sections, buE any kind samples with a complex composition can be codified and treated.

IT

of

-10-

3.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE

AND DATA

TREATMENT

The Univac version of inÈeractive programs.

the sysEem is segmented inEo several The subroutines used in t,hese programs are indicated in Fig.3.

The

Èhe

general archiÈecture of the system described in Fig. 4 ^shows

connections between programs and files and their hierarchy.

3.1 DaÈa inout (mnere)

The loading of data is initiated by activating the progran INDATA.

INDATA calls subrouÈine INIT, which reads the variable lisÈ from Eape 1l (chap,2.l.) ^(Table la). It then calls INPT ro read rhe

codified sarnples from tape l5 ^(chap. 2.2,) ^(raUfe 1U). INPT also counts the nunber of characters per sample.

Subroutine

CODE

reads each sample character by charater ^{and decodes} the string into variables, frequencies, etc.

^DECODE

reads just the

variable codenames of the string, and CIIECK conErol.s if they exist in the variable list.

If there are coding errors or too ^many cards per sample, the sample

is reject,ed and a diagnosis is provided (faUte lc). If all samples

are correctly coded, subroutine ^BANK writes them onto tape 14 ^(IND)

of the data bank (see chap.3,2.).

Information about the location of variables in each sample

written on Ëapes 12 and 13 (ftlS and INC) of the data bank

1S

by

subroutrne IOCAT, supported by DISPL and COMPL (see chap. 3.2.).

New daÈa (containing the word END aE Ehe end of ^{Ehe input} file) can

be added at any tinre by using the ^{program INDATA.} The number of

sËored samples is printed out after completion of the loading

operat ions .

\\cre

cx

\\annx _\locnr== R

^t.JR READMS^{I TMS}

DISPL

c 0t{ PL

Pr'eram

iËiii:

\\ruse

\"'^'\

\ro,ro<

c0DE-NAME

ORDER BANK

-!rRITHs

READMS

EDI

T-

LITCASE

\ srze

program

INDEX

s<- ^INIT

\-eaNK'==

\g[îf;[,

trR I T14S R EADMS

Prosram

^uPcoDE

Ni N;

\,

NI T ECODE HE CK EARC H ANK

--hJR

^I

\READMS

TMS RDER

program

UPDï

Nilii

\il;

DE K GE

-

NAME AR

T-DISPL \cor,tpL

CH

_<=

WRI TMS READI4S

program

L0G

no subroutine

program

PREP

ts=:iÈÉ1,,

\\\

^{cHe cx}

\\neno -

cHEcK

VBANK

---WRITMS

\

_\CoDE

_{_} ^\-Rrnums

NAME

program cRsp.ç

^EIGN

GNAF

prcqram

^H I5T

<--

^SCALE

\pRnRm

SCAT PEAS

program

CnPH

-=l{

-12-

FIG.

^I{

c00tD sAr.rPLtS (FILE t5)

DATA BANK

TEMPORARY STORAGE

OF

SELECÏED SAMPLES

ORARY

FILE

EONTAINING TI{

OF

SELECTED SAMPLES AND SELECTED VARIABLES VALIDATION

OF

CODED

SAMPLES AND STORAGE

IN

^{THE DATA BANK}

( _r ruonre)

UPDATING OF SAMPLES

(upor)

LIST

OF VARIABLES AND SAMPLES ^STORED

IN

THE DATA BANK ( _r woEx) UPDATING OF

CODE NAMES ( upcooe )

IND ta

NC

1l

2

ELECTION

OF

SAMPLES

EDITION OF

^SELECTED SAMPLES (EXTNNCT)

CTION OF VARIABLES

D

ELABORATION

OF

A

TRIX

SAMPLES VERSUS

ARIABLES ^(pnep)

STRATIGRAPHIC LOGS LOG

ORRESPONDENCE ANALYSI S

(cnsp)

SCATTER DIAGRAMS ( enpx )

HISToGRAMS

(ntsr

File INA (tape l1 ) ^conEains the variable list (codenames and

descripEion, see chap. 2.1.) as Iùe11 as Èhe addresses on file ^INB,

where more informaÈion about each variable locaÈion is sEored. File INB (tape ₁₂₎ is a direcÈ access file which in 5 boxes conlains

^Ehe

addresses of the boxes on file INC (tape 13), ^where finally the addresses of the samples conÈaining a specific variable on file ^IND

(tape I4) are stored.

This system allows a fasÈ selecÈion of the ^samples cerËain variables, ^withouL having Eo read and decode

sanple file ^IND.

cont ain ing the entire

FILE INA

FILE IN8

(dlrect

access)

Codenames'

their

des-

criptlon

^and

addresses on

file

^INB

Addresses on

file

^INC

(max. 156

in ⁵

^boxes)

Addresses on

flle

^IND

(max. 5000

in

^{156 boxes)}

Samples (max. 5000)

Fig. 5 : ^SËrucEure of data bank

FILE INC

(direct

access)

FILI

IND

(d'irect

access ₎

EXTR

2A 89 2a OASY ICHI

73

DOLO 21

I

?Q ^{17 a2}

33

:

al a2 :

2 3...2t 2a

38'l 9. . . 30

38]6. . .

2l

3817...

2a 29

381 8.

-t4-

3.3 Uodatins of

^d

ata bank (UPOT) and uodaÈine of codenane lisÈ ^(upcoon

⁾

programs allow rnodifications of the daEa

these Èwo interact ive sÈored in the data bank.

The program descr ipt ion

list.

UPCODE can

^be

(see 2.L.) ^{and used to change a codename} and/or its to add new codenames Ëo Ehe variable upcoding operations

^CHANGE

or ADD can be done one after another.

The end of ^upcoding is inrticaterl by the word

END.

rf a code already exists in the variable list or if Ehe list

contains already 500 names, Lhe execu!ion is inËerrupted.

After encountering the control word END, the progrem upcoDE

provides an alphabetically ordered list of vaiiables on Ehe prinEer output fi le

^{( 16}

_).

uPcoDE calls on subrouÈines rNrr, cIrEcK and ORDER to update file

INA (tape 1l), and calls on subrouLines SEARCH,

BÆrtK

and

DECODE Èo

correct file IND (tape 14).

Table 2 illustraËes Ehe interactive use of program upcoDE. rnputs from the keyboard are preceded by Lhe synbol )

The program IIPDT is used for correction, nodificaÈ ion substituÈion of samples already stored in the data bank.

or

To find access to a given sample Ëhe operator has

internal address in the data bank. This address is samples are edited ^(see chap. 3.4. ).

Èo know its given when

Various updating operaÈions can be done one after anoEher; t.he end

is indicated by the conÈrol word END. rf a record number does

^noÈ

exist, a ^codenarne is noÈ found in Ehe variable liet or a coding

error is encountered, the execution is interrupted and a diagnosis

UPDT uses the subroutines INIT, BAI{K, DECODE, CIIECK, INPT,

CHAI{GE,

CODE, COMPAR, SEARCH and LOCAT (which caLls DISPL and COMpt) ro check the variable list and the codification, and to update the data bank according to the instrucÈions.

Table 3 illustrates how Èo use this interactive program.

(The symbol ) indicaEes inputs from rhe keyboard).

3.4 Extraccion of data edit ion (nxrnacr )

I{tith EXTRACT the samples can be selectively extracEed. The variable codes are used as selecEion criteria.

Sample numbers, coordinates and positions extraction. It is therefore recomnended Èhat

for each sect n. oca ty or rmat 10n.

cannot

au ^{ue be used} code be used ^for

The trdo main

bo

le an

extracÈions. Table 4a oper at ions .

The control word EDIT has

decoded edition of the

(table 4c).

operat

^r-ons

i I lus trate

s

AI.ID

how

and

^OR

to use

can be used for and combine these

EXTRACT calls on subroutines ^DECODE and CHECK to see wheÈher the requesÈed codes are present in the variable lisÈ, and calls on

subroutines SEARCH and FUSE to find the addresses of the samples

containing the requesÈed variables. Duplicated sanples ^are

e

liminaLed.

The extraction is activated when Èhe program has encountered the

control word END or EDIT at the beginning of an inpuÈ line.

The idenÈifications of all samples which satisfy the selection

criteria are printed out. Variables occuring in Èhese samples are

alphabetically ordered and listed ^on output file 16 (table 4b). ^The record numbers of rhe extracted samples are also st.ored on tape 20

for further treatment.

An exEraction has to be made before calling Èhe program

PREP.

Ehe same effect as END, but it produces

a

extracÈed samples on output file

¹⁶

-16-

3.5 Selection of variables and preoaration f or

sÈatistical or sraphical treatment (pnnp )

Program PREP prepares the extracted samples for further treaÈmenË.

At this stage, the variables used for the various sÈatisÈical

treaEmenEs are selected. A variable can be more closely specified

by one second order ^var iable.

presence/absence can be exÈracted. Frequency, diameter or

It is also possible to sum up the frequencies of various variabl,es and have them treated as one single nén variable. If a variable represenEing a sum does already exist in'the variable lisÈ, ^an error ^message is printed out and the execution is interrupted.

The requested variables and their

present/absent ) are evaluated by

checks whether Ëhe codenames are

(

subrout ine CIIECK).

modes (frequency, diameter or

subroutine ffiS, which also

listed in the variable list

PREP needs the subroutines Lhe codenames for the sums.

INIT,

^DECODE

and CIIECK to read and check

The addresses of the extracted samples are read from tape 20, the samples are fetched from Ehe data bank by ^BÆ{K and decoded by

CODE,

which in turn uses NAME for full decoding. The numerical values

(frequencies, diarneter, present = l, ^absent = 0) are ^{st.ored on}

tape 21 in a maËrix samples vs. variables. This matrix is used as

input for Ehe statisÈical subprograms. The number of ^selecÈed variables determines the number of logs, histograms or scatËer diagrarns.

The use of this program is shown in Table 5.

3.6 Edition of variables ^(INDEX)

The program INDEX produces a complete alphaberically ordered list of all variables stored in Ehe daEa bank. The samples in which

these variables are found are also printed ouÈ (see Table 6).

The variable index is a valuable Eool Eo appreciate Ehe content of t,he data bank and useful for statistical and retrieval operaEions.

3.7. Geological Sections ^(l,OC)

The vertical distribuËion of variables

any distribution of variables along represenËed by Èhe progran IOG.

in a geological section ^(or a measured axis ) can

^be

This ^program prints cumulative logs of up to 5 variables in

run, distribution curves of single variables ^(frequency diameËer), and presence/absence logs of binary variables Table 7b).

one and (see

The variables are selected by PREP. If presence/absence ^(mode P;

see Table 5) is chosen, this variable distribution will ^be

represenÈed in binary logs. The number of variables inËegrated in

the cumulaÈive 1og, starting wich Ëhe firsÈ variable prepared by PREP, is specified by the user ^(Table 7a). Lower and upper limits for Ëhe horizontal scales of Ehe simgle variable logs (not binary

logs) can be indicated, using the informations given by

^PREP

(Tab1e 4b).

On the left hand side of the logs, the sample numbers are wriÈten

in their scaled position (if _numbers are so close Ehat only one can

be printed, their superposition is indicated by a + to Ehe right of the sample number).

A linear interpolation is calculat.ed between the data poinÈs. Lower

and upper linits of the representative area of a sample are, if

indicated, considered as daËa points (see chap. 2.2.),

-18-

3.8 Corres ndence Ana sls

CRSP

The subprogram cRSp has been modified from LEBART & FENEI,ON (1971).

rt calculaÈes the factors for samples and variables from Èape 2l and prinÈs out diagrams showing location and grouping of ^sampres and/or variables in a space defined by a- pair ^- of faciors (Teble 8b). samples and variables noc entering ihe analysis can

neverÈheless be represenÈed in the diagrarns.

A reconstitucion of the original matrix and the contributions of samples and variables Èo each factor can be printed out optionally

(tau te

gu )

.

Eigenvalues and eigenvectors are calculated by subroutine

ErGEN

(frosr _{LEBART & FENELON,} L}TL). The diagrams are generaÈed by

^GRAF.

For Ëhe statisÈical background, see IÆBART & FENEL0N (r97r) as well as GUILLAUME (1977).

The meanings of the conÈrol parameters requested by Èhe interaccive program are

:

NS, NV, NFAC, MAPR,

CONPR

NS= NV-

NFAC

=

MAPR=1

: CONPR

= I

^:

NGRAF, PLUS, NL, NC, XLIM

NGRAF

=

PLUS = I

PLUS =

²

of additional samples

of additional variables

of factors used in calculations out reconsÈituted matrix

out conEribuÈions to factors

number number number pr int

s

pr ints

number of diagrams to be printed (first _diagram : factors I and 2;

second diagrarn : factors 2 and 3;

etc. )

samples and variables are represented

separaEe ly

samples and variables are represented

t

oge

t,her

NL NC

XLIM

number of lines of design (default ₆₀₎

number of columns of design

(default 100)

maximum value of scal.e (vert ical

^same

as horizontal; default 1.0).

and output examples

Input are given in Table 8.

3.9. Hisrosrams (nfSr)

This subprogram has been adapted from

CHAROLLATS

& DAVAUD (1976).

Histograms of Ehe selecÈed variables (matrix on tape ZL) are

printed out, and various staÈisÈical parameEers of the distribution are calculaÈed (skewness, kurËos is, Fisher

^I

s nornality test ).

The horizontal scale of the histograms is determined by subroutine SCALE, according t,o Lhe maximum and minimum values of the

variables. The parameters are calculated by

PARAM.

Input and outpuÈ are illustrated in Tables 9a and 9b.

3.10. ScatEer Diasrams ^(CnPn)

Program ^GRPM prints diagrams showing the distribution of pairs of variables in Èhe extracted samples (matrix _{on tape} 2l). The values (frequency or diarneter) of trf,o variables are indicated on the

^Ewo

axes of the diagram. The length of each axis can be chosen by the

user; Èhe scale is calculated by subroutine SCAT according to the

extrerp values. SubrouËine PEAS calculates Pearsonrs coefficient

and the parameEers of the regression line.

The number of scetter diagrams to be printed and Ëhe pairs of variables are determined by the user.

Input and outpuÈ examples are shown in Tables 10a and lOb.

-20-

4.

^SYSTEM

CONÎROL

CARDS

Since each computer center uses ite oleïl specific conLrol

the following examplee can only give a general idea of ^the

cards necessary to run the prograu.

sys tem, contro I

It is recomnended

permanent file, so

any Ëine. If the

variables are used permenenÈ.

Chat tapes ll, 12,

¹³

they can be called and

oane extracted samples

eeveral tiæs, f ile ²⁰

L4 be stored as

^a

into the program at

the saæ prepared

2l can also be

^made

and

fed or or

liirÉ\l;if.i ^g

ilf:' ^{l:NA ,}

{i!Êr$fi

v

f.lF TNI'l

^-

{ilÉ\f$lii r

{.lf:' .[Nf, , r /?'û,! / l-40 tilô'iË

^y

tP .[Nl].

^r

./..Tô/./:TOû t'tf:'[tfiiti: IN]l

^-

{pËnË:ti: ïNf,.

rîFË:[i[i ]:Nn.

iilf:Rf::ti

l:NÉr

'

tiir l.lÊr 'l'

Ér y

lf I

i',tri.\

"

.irâatl++{

.l i.*'l:, nf tl{:td* r"i.ïllrË1î ss

i+{4+++{{

{il[iNI]

{i! f} lii {ii

,

ti! t., lï f::

tj'l _Ét Ii

{l

r

ûl&liUi

r {il d:r *i {.i v

filù{i{i

v

titl.lSlT.

tilt.l$fi

{il LJ $i f:,

ril{.t$E

ô ÏHF.I"JT,

:1.

fj

^p T

NFIJI' .

 ïi.,lrï,

ô

^'t

^il"n.,

Ër Il.l*.

A

^lll,JIr

.

J. f[ v L

lltrl

"

J.ilr INlt.

:LSr,fi\.lfl., J,4r lllillll"

cataloging of data ^bank

and creation of file ^INA

'5*$i: ^r i hnrl

^i.

rr t:h#t" '

^lJ

'

^J.

coded samples are stored

in file INPUT.

assignement of data ^bank

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work has been supported by Èhe Swiss National Science Foundat,ion (project _No. 2.766-0.77).

REFERENCES

CHAROLLATS, J. & DAVAUD, E.

Edition Technip, Paris.

(1976) : Microfaciès et ordinateur.

GUTLLAUME, A. ^(L977)

Masson, Paris, : Introduction à la géologie quanÈiÈative.

LEBART, L. & FENEtON, J.-P. ⁽¹⁹⁷¹⁾

appliquées. Dunod, Paris. StatisËique et informatique

5

INPUT AI{D

^OT'TPUT EXAMPI,ES

PACK çRAN B I I'tti ANOT]

SUDA ROUN RECR FERR ACEFl acEH gPAR t1i cR MISP OURZ AUôU r,HÛ5 Ël_ALr PYRI FEi..L.

I NTR EX]'R ECr..iI FRYIJ LAPIE ËA5"r FRAC ol-i IR SERP I FIDE f:JORE 5!YL.

RAIrB Ët{Ac IJËAV ONDU SYNT FËHY CORR I]LAY BE I-.8 NEiOR t"lE oR 850R çBMP

!lITIT

},I i LA DOLE I DIO CÉ\liP rJORA ONID I.1IL T

LEINT tilF:HLt FËSP SUBR

PA(:KFTI'}NE GRTllNSTONË B r I'ttrlAt_

ANËT'I.AF 6UIIANG{,lI.AR ROUI'ITJËI)

RÈ:CR IS-I'ALL I 5AT I I.)NI

lRNN STAINTNC A_CI..I'IEN'T B.-CËFIENT SPAF I'IE l.,tIt:riJït:

}'1I{]RNËFAR I TE DETRITAL. OL'ART7

AU]HIçF:NIC OUAR'1 Z PHEIËPHOR I TE çLÂUilclNI rË PYIiI IE PILTIID.'i S- L I NTRACLASl'Si E X"rRACt.Asl ti ËCIIINÛDERI,IS S. L.

nRyclzûANs LAFI!:I-L T BRAN,;[.I5 GASTROPODS BRACH l OF OI)Ei iJS] RACODS

At-ÊAE ⁽ StlLENtlPOFES ) SERP{JL I DS

IhrDE'l'. FUSSrr"Si Bt'lri I N0tt 5 ïYLOLI-tEij RÂABËFIC SECTION

I. RAC:1UR I Nê IIÊ,AVY I"lINHRALS ONDULOUS EXTINCT, S]YNTAX]AL CËI"IENï ] RI]N_I{YDROX I DEs CORROSION .il r ûuLAs

rs

Lll.-riY l.lINERôLS BELHHN I TES r,lEr_1. ÊitlR IËt) ME:D I.IEL L SBRTËD

BAI)LY SOR'TED coMPAC"t IilN

tJ I tlt uRIiAt I oN I"IIçRO-LAI'IINATION DOLN},1I TF

1T"J i OPIBRPHÛUS

CALCARËOUS $PON(,'F A(J{}LI'T IT)NATED FORAM

00I Ds

i'lILI{]LTD FORAI'IS

LçNTICUI-IN FORAfis RËI"IORKED SEDIMENT AU-IHIËËNIC FELDSP ËiUBF{OUNDFD

1OE4 857.7OOT43.3OO 90. GO RAAË BËTH ERAN(I-ISOR) FRAC MILA sTYL.(FERR

i GURZ/'i, 1OO{sUBA) PYFI SPARI3S{BCEI"II I"IISP/S DOLO/4, 1âO(IDIO FERR) ACEI'I PELL/ô' A

gO(RIJUN) lN R/10.7OO(PÊ.LI- I,IIçR BICL REËR AU{NU) ËXTR/1.IOOO(PELL I'IICR BICL OURZ/5 i$UËA)) EICL/3P,9OO(ROUN RECR) ECHI,/16(sYNT) LAI"IEl1O(8ORE RECR AUOU) BRYO/Ê ALËA

.';(IIICR) I'RAC(BGRE) CASP SERP LENT MTt.l*

l0ol a:a7 7OO143. 3OA . 60 RAAB PYëU GRAN{I'ISBR) OURZ/4O,450{lllll0 SU

IlR ÊNDIJ FRACIPYRl)) PHOS GLAU PYRI SFAR/IO(BCÊM) HISP/5 FELL./1O.150(çORR RECR) S

rci_.,/3e, ?oo(suBAl EcHl/30(SYNT) LAI'IE/l FBRA/1 BRACj(

l00e er7.700143.300 Ë. eo RAAB PYGU GRANTHSUR) 6URZ/5, 170(ElPlB ^SiUp R ONDU çT}RR) PYRI/5 FEHY SPAR/3O(BçËI-t) HISP/5 PELL/T5, lAO(RECR PYRI FERR) ^INTR,/5 ,35O{PELL. 14ICR BICL RFI'JN PYRI} BICL/3ii,EOOISUBA BORE) ECHI/E4(SYNT PVRI) I-AI'IE/7(

I"1I CR RECR ) FORA/ 1 ( HI CR ) LENI' BRAC*

1003 ÊF7. 700143.300 E. S0 RAAB PYçU GRANilr1soR) COI-IP $-rYL OURZ/jC.', ^t?

OO(BII.IO SUBR ONDU CORR FI1ACI CLAY/I PYRI/1 FEHY SPAR/?O(BCEH) PIlSP/T PELL../IB, lAO IËORR) BIËL/4S, ËOO(BII'IB SUBR CORRI ETHI/34(RECR SYNT) LAI"IEl1O(RECR) FORA/1(H]CR)

LENT ERYO BRACTRËCR)*

TçA4 257 7OOI43.3OO Ë. BO RAAB FYCU ORAN(MsBR) COMP s]'YL{F€RR) GUR

Z/ô,150(B1i"l0 SUBR CtrRR) CLAY PYRI/I FEHY SPAR115{BCEH) HISP/5 PELL/1B,1EO(ÇERR) IN'I'R/1, AAO(PELL MICR RIIUN) BICL/93, EEO(BII"Itr SUBA çORR) Ë.CHI/45(RECR SYNT) L.APIE/5 ( RECR ) TJORA/ 1 { 14lCR ) LENT I]RYO BRAC { RECR ) *

1OO5 E57 7OOI43.3OO 6.40 RAAB PYCU GRAN(BSOR) FRAç AURZ./7,EBO(EIH O SUOR CINDU CORR FRAC) AUOU PYRI SPAR/ÊSIBCEM) T4IsP/EO ACËI'I PELL/10,EEO(RECRl IN TRlTO,5OO{PELL },IICR BICL, PYRI RBUN) INTR/4, ISOO(PELL/35 I"IISP/30(MILI) DICL/3O ^OU Rzl5(SUnA) ROUN) BlCl-.144,'JOO(BIl'l0 ROUN BORE REcR) CRIN/3(SYNT) LAI4E/18(AUOI,) ^BEL Ê(AUûLI) ÛRYT](I'4ICR ) FORA(I-IICR )*

TAELE

T

^b

-2r)-

too6 257.700143.300 9.20

RAAB BETK GRAN(HS0R) GURZ/I,IAO(SUBA COH

R FRAC) PYRI/1 SPAR,/e5(BCEM)

tltsP./ro

MIcR./g AcEfi PELL./4o,

tbo(BIt'lo

FrJRA

BIcL)

^rNT

R/3,4OO{PEL.L MICR ROUN)

EicL/15,

e5O(SUBA EtrRE RECR) ECHI/B(SYNI

)

LAI4E./5 FoRA(l"llC

R)

FIIL.I{HICR) ALCATI.,IICR) _OSTR*

looT

e57.700143.

300 lt. 40

RAAB BETK cRAN(btSoR) GURZ, 160{SUBA) pyRI SPAR/35(BCEH)

I-lISP/Ti

ACET4 PELL/40,POO(RÊCR ROUN FORA(I-IICR)) BTCL/ÉO.EOO(RBUN E

ORE MICR) ECHI/1O(RECR SYNT) LAPIE/8(RECR) FORA

I,IILI

BRAC*

toog e57.700143.300 lô.4c)

RAAB BETK çRANil-tSOR) FRAC l.lILA GURZ, r40(

SLIBA AUGU PYRI SPAR/35(BÇEI'I) HISP./15 ACEII'4 PELI-/30, lOO(RECR ROUN BTCL(I-IICR)

)

^OtrI

D(f'lIcR)

BlcL/Êo, ?oo(RBUN BORE F

ICR)

ECHI/5{BORE) LAI'|Ë,/13(RECR BOREi FtRAil'4ICR) t"t

TLI(HICR) BRAC ALGA*

loo9 e57.700143.300 80.40

RAAB 8ËTK GRAN(W50R) FRAC OURZ/I,1aO(SUB A AUOU) PYRIlT SPAR/85{BCET4) MTSP/I3 ACEPI PËLL/40, I50(RECR ROUN CCJRR) INTR,/1 ^3Û(1 {PÉLL I.1ICR) BICL/18, 150(ROUN BÔRÉ: I"IICR) ECHI/AIBORE SYNT) LAI,IElS(BORE RECR) FORâ ./T (HICR)

I"I]LI

BRAC{BORE)*

rolo

e57.7oo14g.

goo e4.4ç

RAAB BETK oRANil-tson) FRAC ouRz/r, lgo(suF A AUSU CORR)

PYRI/t

SPAR/35(FCEl"l) l"llSP./rS ACEH PçLL/3O, 1'JO(RECR RUIJN CllRR, INTR/

2,E5O(PELL PTIçR) BICL./I6'ËOO{ROUN BNRE RECR) ECHl/9(BORË SYNT) LAI,IEl6(BtrRF. RËCR)

FORA(I"IICF) BRêC*

1011

e57.700143.300 Ea.40

RAAB BETK CRAN(I1SOR) FRAC OURZ, l50rSUDA AUGU) PYRI./I SPAR/33(BçEI.I)

IIISP/IS

ACEI.I PELL/30, T30(CORR RECR) BOTD(çORR RECR)

i

NTR,/I, Ë5O{FELI,. HICR ROUN} ETCL/18. EOO(RtrUN BORË RECR) ECHI,/1O(RECR .5YNT) LAI4Ê./77 RECR BORE) FORA./1

(MIcR)

BRAC(BORE)*

lOIe

e57 700143.3OO

3!.90

RAAB BETI/( GRAN(NSUR) EIBT OURZ./l.1?O(5UB

A

AUOU) PYRI SPAR/34(BCEI-1) I-,IISP/15 MICR/5 ACEI"I PELL/P5, lSO(CT]RR RECR) INTR'/E,35O (PELL I"IICR

BICL)

BICL,/IA, E1O(ROUN BORE RECR) ECHI/gIBORE RECR SYNT) LAI"IE.I7(BORE RÉ:çR) BRAC{BORE) BRYO(FIICR) FÉRA/1(I-lICR PYRI

}

^LENI'{.

1013 E57.7OOI43.3OO

34.90

^RAAB BETK GRAN(MsOR) FRAç ST-YL(FERR) OUR

Z/3, 140{BIITT SUBA AUOU) PYRI SPAR./êO(BCEI,I) }.IISF/TO ACEI'I PELL./3E, 140(çBRR) INTR/5 ' SOOIPELL IIICR CORR) gICL/EO,2OO(ROUN _BORE RECR) ËCHI,/IO(sYNT) LAI'IE/B(BORË RF:CR)

FRRAIT(I",IICR)+

tor4 e57.700143.300 36.90

RAAB BETK ORANil"IBER) FRAC

BIIIT

OURZ/I,14 O(SUBA CORR) PYRI SPARIEO(BCEI'I) I"IIgiP/30 ACEH PELL/2S, I30{REçR CORR) INTR/1, E5O(P ELL I"IICR) BICL/30, E5O{BII"IO SUBA BORE RECR) ËCH]/g(RECR SYNT) LAHE/IO(RECR EORE C oRR

)

FnRA,/Ë$,lICR

)*

1015

457_700143.300 37.40

^RAAB EETK GRANil9SOR) 0URZ/1,110(SUBA ^COR

R)

AUGU PYRI/1 HEAV SPAR/A7(BCËI'I) I,IISP/EO DOLO/15,50(IDIO) PELL/EO,I20(CORR PYRI

l0e9

e57.

700143.300 56.80

RAAB

VITZ

PACK(WSOR) tvtILA OURZ/36,80(SUE

A)

AUOU IIEAV

PYRl/6

FEHY CLAY/5 EiPAR/5 I"IISP/10 HTCR./10(FERR) DOLO FËLL/1ê,80{PYR

T}

BICLIlO,BO(SUBA RECR CORR) ECHI/5 LAI"IEI4 FTJRA(PYRI) DRAC*

lo3c' ê!i7.700143.300

57.

lo

RAAB

VITZ

HACK(MsoR) 0URZ/14,70(5UBA) HE

AV PYRI/A FEHY CLAY SPAR/1 I"IISP/7O MICR/3 PELL/5,AO(SUBA

PYRl)

BICL/5,160IBII,IO S UBA RËCR) ECHT/P, LAHE/E(AUOU) FORA/1(I"IICR) OSTR{f

END

€XËT ËfiR5. JI!T}ATA

ERIiLIRIS) OE'IEçTED BN THÊ. FOLI"OI,,IINË CARD

1004 a37. 700143_

300

E. B0

THE, FOI.LOI"}IN6 CARDS ARE SKIPPED RAAS PYGU CRAN ( I"ISOR ) COT,IP STYL ⁽ FERR ) OUR

TABLE

1

c

z/6.

150i8il"10 $uER CDRR) CLAY

pyRI/1

_FEt{y SPAR/15(DCEH) IN"T'N./1, EBO(PEL.L NICR ROUN) BICLI53, AEO(BTI,IO SUBA CORR)

(RE{:R) FC}RA,/1 (I,IICR) _{T-ENT BRYT} BRAC{RËCR)f..

FIISP/5 PELL/18, raOictrRR )

ECkt/45(RECR SVNT

)

LAt'tE./:t

*-SAI'.TPLE 1f)O5 REJECTED THE FOLI.OI,JING çODE5 Dtr NTI FIGURE IN VARIABI.,E _LTST CNIN

SAI'IPLE tOtlÊl REJECTED: CTDINË ERROR

100çr ?57-

7û 143.30 16.40

.

oo

. ooRAAS BETK GRAN(HSOR) FKAC HrLA AURZ,140(

SUBA AUOTJ PYFI SPAR/35(BCE.I"I) HISP,/I5 A

-EXECUTII]Ii INTERRUPTED. CSRRECT ]HESE DATA THEN RECALL THË SAHE PROçRAI-I

GXOT FNRs, INDATA

NO ERRI]R DETË.CTED 30 SAI'IPLES HAVE BEËN STORED IN THE DATA BANK

*U,HICH _OFERâTION

Ir0

YOIJ trANT TO

n0

?(CHAN$FTAIIIrOR END)

;:,CHANGE

{:iIVt: THE I'INËHONIÇ NAHE ÏO FE CHANGEN l:.F0RA

IiÏVE: Hf NEI' I.INËI,IONÏT NAHE âNTJ ITS I,IEANING(FOFI.IAÏiA4 I1XI6A4)

:}HAF1., HAË.[.ÛF.HRAG}IOI T.IES

-trHICH OFE:RATION

[r0

YOU TJANT T0

[tt]

?(CHANGIrAltttrt]R liNtt) '3Antl

".Ann THH NEt, HNH|'TONIC NA|'tË ANII

ITS

MEANING(FOR|ïATi A4rlXrdA4) '}RIHC _{RTH CEHËNT}

*t,HICH _ûFËRATION

trtl

YOU trANT TO

trtl

?tCHANOErAltttrOR ENI)

:"ENTI

T{I(EN[I OF UFTATIN6 TIFERAÏIONS. UFTIATÊII

I..ISÏ

OF TTEH AUAILASLI: ON UNIT 16*

0xc{T FNR$. r,lPc0nË

--trHICH _DFERATION

n0

YûU l,rANT

ï0 n0

?(CHANGETAIIDTOR ENII) :}ÊN I

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Ê N I

N

G t

UNEXECUTâ8|.E STATEHHNT

*-EXECUTION INTERRUFTEN.THf, ITEH LTST ÊEI'IAINS T'I,ICHAN6ETI--

:}EXûT FNRS,UFCTITIE

"'I,HICH OFËRATI{IN trO YOU trANT TO

n0

?(CHANGETAIIDTt}8 ENIJ}

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'}HEÏII

t, Â

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N I

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^HETR THIS TTEII trOES NOT EXIST

.."ËXECUTÏON INÏERÊUPÏEI"THF" ITET,'

LIST

REI'IAINS UNNHANSEN--

.3OXOT FNRS,UFCOIE

-l,rHICH tlFHÊATInN

fi0

^YOU trANT TO nO ?(CHANGETAITITTOR HNIT) :}ADT,

"'Antt _lCRIN THE NEt, HNEHONIC NA]IE ANn

ITS

MEANING(FOR]IAT!

A4rlXré44)

CRINIIITTS

.!,HICH _OFEFATION tIO YÛU I.'ANT TO NÛ ?(CHANGEIâIIIIOR Ë]NTr) ::!ENI

'f,*ENI ^OF UFNATING OFËRATIONS. UFTIATEN

LIST

OF

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"'l.rHICH OFERATION

Ir0

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fiIVE

l'HH I'INEHONIC NAI'IE TO FE CHANGEN ::"CRIN

ËïUÊ THE NEl,, }INfiHONIC NAIIE ANfi

ITS

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â

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6 ITHIS

NâHE AFF.EAÉS ALTTEANY TN THE LIST '-*EXECUTI'TN INTERRUPTHN.THË: ITEH

LIST

RE''IAINS I.'NCHANGEN..

-26

TABLE 2 b OUTPUT ON F'I.LE 76 :

LI$r 0F iTE.I,!S

I ACEt'l

E ALEA

3 ANGLI

4 AUOLI

5 BCEr"l

6 BELE

7 I]ETK

B BICL I BIr'rË

1Û NIÛT 1t BûnËi

1P BRAC

13 BRYC}

I4 BSI,R

15 CAÉiP

1É, CLAY

'1/ _CBr"rP

l Er C ÊIlR

19 CRIN

;10 D{:|l. 0

!i 1 Ëcll I

;i3 FÊ}TY

?4 FFRR

iI6 FRAC

E" êAËT

E$ OLAU

Ë9 GRAN

3{i HAIJL

3I }JIi:AV

3E lDTÛ

33

^{I FIDE}

34.

^{I htTR}

3-5

^LAt"tË

36

^LEN'I"

37

^I'|ICR

38

r.,lILA

3q HILI 40

^r"lI sP

4T

T15BR

4E

HUtrs

43

6NDU

44

00ID

49

05tR

46

PAçK

47

^PËt.L

48

PIIBS

4S

PYEU

3O

^PYRI

51

^oURZ

3A

RAAE

'3

^RECR

b4

^REr,icr

55

^{R I t"tc}

56

^R0Ui\r

â7

^FJERP

5S

SPAR

59

STYL

éO

^SUBA

6I

SUBR

â?

SYNT

ô3

^VITZ

64

^HACK

É,5

^HSÊn

tl-CEl'lE:Nl

ALçAE ⁽ SGL ENFFORL;S } ANGLILAR

ALIïHIçF:NI(: _'IUARTZ a-cEr"lÊ.NT

SE.LEI"INTTEË

E[:TLIS-](AL-K S.5fR.

F ïOCr.-A$Ït

B I F|ODAL BICTURBATI{JI!

IICIR T NGS IjRACHIOPDDEi BRYOZOAIIS

ItAllLY SLI{ 1Ei) çALCARECIUS SP€INçE çL,AY I'II NETiAI-6 çctr4PAcl I0N

CÛRROSION ËRINNIDË llrtrLof,l I Tç1

ËcH1NODER|45 g. _L.

ËXTRACLAST:;

IRBN-HYDRBX I DEË IRCTN ST/CININO AUTI{IGENTC FELDSf'.

FTIACTUR I NË GA9ÏRÛPI]D5 {;r[.AUCtNT rË

GRA II{STClNÊ HAPLCIPI.IRAçMO l DES }{EAVY I"IINERAT.,ç

I DI EIVIORPHC}US

INL1ET, FC}SBIL-S INÏRACLASÏ'S LAI.1ËLL I BRANC}I5 LENT I C Lrt_ I Nt rf i:lr?At'i-rt

ili cR 1 Tr.

tlI{lRt}-LAl'lINfrT I Ottl

I"IIL.ITI-IN FËRÂI15 TTlCROSPAR I'TE MED. WELL ^.$Ë!ri rÈ-'D I"IUDçiTÛNJ

ONDULCILII! fiXTIt'li' I.

OOIDS nsrRAcuDSi PACI(STTJII,lE

PELBIDS S I- PHNSPHNR TTII

P YÛURU5-IiCH ^{1 C} HTEI.-I PYR TTE

DËTRITAL OUARTT RAÀBER() $E,llT L llitr RECR I STALI. I $AT .I TlN REI,'ûRKED SEDTI'IF:Iiî

R IH çEI"IENT fiBUNDED SERPULI ^DS .sPAR I TE STYLT]L I'TES SUBANOULAR SUBRBUN$ED

SYNTAXIAL CEMENT VI TZNAU-.MEROËI.

I'IACKESTËNE I.IELL. SOFTED

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