Article
Reference
Should I stay or should I go? Assessing residential mobility in Bronze Age Switzerland through the isotopic evidence
VARALLI, Alessandra, et al.
Abstract
It is still debated whether the major cultural changes that occurred in Europe during the Bronze Age (BA) were related to a circulation of knowledge or human migrations. Researches through multidisciplinary approaches (isotopes, archaeology) strongly contribute towards untangling these complex dynamics for pre-protohistoric communities. Since prehistoric times, Switzerland has played a major role in European exchanges for its strategic position between the Danube area and the Mediterranean, offering pivotal information towards reconstructing human mobility during BA period. Jointly analyzing anthropological, archaeological and isotopic data from three sites in western Switzerland (2200-800 cal. BCE), our aim is to shed light on residential mobility and social practices of BA European populations. We explored intersite/intrasite mobility throughout the BA via multi-element and multi-tissue isotope analysis (S on bone and dentine collagen; Sr on apatite enamel), by analysing sixty-three human and fauna samples.
VARALLI, Alessandra, et al . Should I stay or should I go? Assessing residential mobility in Bronze Age Switzerland through the isotopic evidence. American Journal of Physical Anthropology , 2019, vol. 168, no. 68, p. 255-256
Available at:
http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:114933
PROGRAM OF THE
88TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGISTS
MARCH 27 – 30, 2019
To be held at the
Hilton Cleveland Downtown 100 Lakeside Ave East • Cleveland, OH44114
AAPA Scientific Program Committee Steven R. Leigh, Chair
Amanda Agnew Kari Allen Ben Auerbach Jonathan Bethard
Nicole Burt James Calcagno
Zachary Cofran Paul Constantino
Lynn Copes Jennifer Cramer
Andrew Deane Maureen Devlin
Christina Fojas
Rebecca Gilmour C. Eduardo Guerra Amorim
Lauren Halenar-Price Ashley Hammond
Donna Harrison Geoff Hayes Amber Heard-Booth
Brian Hemphill Nathan Holton Rob Hoppa Jennifer Hotzman Rebecca Jabbour Jessica Joganic
Kent Johnson Erin Kane Claire Kirchhoff
Myra Laird Kristi Lewton Christina Nicholas
Heather Norton Robert O'Malley Alejandra Ortiz Nicholas Passalacqua
Christine Pink Stephanie Poindexter
Emma Pomeroy
Sean Prall Melissa Schaefer Elizabeth St Clair Claire Terhune
Sam Urlacher Qian Wang Timothy Webster Katherine Weisensee
Julie Wieczkowski Frank Williams
John Willman
AAPA Meetings Director Lori Strong, Burk & Associates, Inc.
Cleveland Advance Team Leslie C. Aiello
Anne L. Grauer M. Geoffrey Hayes
Edward H. Hagen Christopher Kuzawa
Steven R. Leigh
W. Scott McGraw
Denise Su
Program Assistant
2018-2019 AAPA Executive Committee Leslie C. Aiello
President Anne L. Grauer President-elect Steven R. Leigh
Vice President and Program Chair Rachel Caspari
Treasurer Gabriela Cabana
Secretary Peter T. Ellison
Editor, American Journal of Physical Anthropology Lyle W. Konigsberg
Editor, Yearbook of Physical Anthropology Nathaniel Dominy
Career Development Christina Torres-Rouff
Student Affairs Lisa Sattenspiel
Membership
Robin Nelson
History and Honors
MESSAGE FROM THE VP & PROGRAM CHAIR
Welcome!
It is my great pleasure to welcome you to the 2019 meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists. This year’s meeting is our 88th, and will be held in Cleveland, Ohio. The main conference hotel, the Hilton Downtown Cleveland, is attached to our main venue, the Huntington Convention Center. We are excited to be visiting Cleveland for the first time since 1946, and particularly delighted to be partnering closely with the renown Cleveland Museum of Natural History (CMNH), given the tremendous role and impacts the museum has had for our discipline. We are grateful to our colleagues from CMNH and local arrangements committee, Denise Su and Yohannes Haile-Selassie.
Scientific Program
Our program includes almost 1100 peer-reviewed scien- tific papers, which will be presented in either podium or poster sessions beginning Thursday morning. The 62 scientific sessions include 7 invited podium symposia, 14 invited poster symposia, 18 contributed podium sessions, and 23 contributed poster sessions. In addition, there are 15 innovative and exciting workshop sessions that run in parallel to the scientific program.
Once again, our program is truly international, with scientists from all over the world including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East.
We are pleased to be joined in Cleveland by our partner organizations, the Paleopathology Association (PPA), the Human Biology Association (HBA), the American Association for Anthropological Genetics (AAAG), and the Dental Anthropology Association (DAA). The American Anthropological Association (AAA) is also joining us in sponsoring a session this year.
Programming officially begins on Wednesday, March 27, 2019, with the Committee on Diversity Undergraduate Research Symposium (open to everyone from 6:00-8:00 pm) and the Opening Reception (8:00-11:00 pm). The Convention Center is truly an exceptional space, and will
presentation. This server will then “push” presentations to the appropriate meeting room and will be available for the session.
Schedule and Poster Session Timing. This year’s daily sessions schedule will follow a similar timetable to previous years. This includes morning (8:00 am) and afternoon (2:30 pm) podium sessions, with invited poster symposia starting at the same times. This year, the Convention Center affords us adequate space for all-day poster sessions. Poster set-up will begin at 8:00 am, and end at 9:00 am, with sessions opening at 10:00 am. Even-numbered posters will have presenters in attendance at 1:30-2:30 pm, while presenters will be present at odd-numbered posters from 6:00-7:00pm on Thursday and Saturday (5:30-6:30pm on Friday to allow Business Meeting attendance). Posters should be removed from 7:00-7:30pm on Thursday and Saturday (6:30-7:00 pm on Friday). The start (2:30 pm) of podium presentations and invited poster symposia allows dedicated time for viewing of posters as well as an assortment of lunchtime events and workshops. Given the complexity of our meetings, we are fortunate to again have an AAPA Meetings App, developed by Ed Hagen, to help us track times and locations! The app is available for both Android and Apple.
Joint sessions. Our joint AAPA-PPA session, The Evolution of Syphilis: A New Approach, organized by Brenda Baker, will be held on Saturday afternoon. The joint AAPA-AAAG-HBA and American Anthropological Association (AAA) session this year is also our Wiley Symposium, and will be held on Saturday morning. The session is Interpreting and Communicating Genetic Variation in 2019: A Conversation on Race, organized by Jennifer Raff. The Presidential Panel will be held immediately following this symposium, and will offer a chance to extend the discussion of topics raised in the symposium.
Workshops
These events include a full slate of workshops, with six scheduled for Wednesday, three on Thursday, four on Friday, and then two on Saturday. The workshops cover a range of important topics. The CMNH is also spon- soring a Wednesday workshop at the museum engaging with the Hamann-Todd Collection. Our workshops should afford special professional opportunities to a broad range of our membership, and we encourage you to choose, and if necessary, register for workshops that are of interest.
Special Events
On Thursday, we are excited to hold our annual Auction, which starts as a silent auction (10:00 am-7:00 pm) and ends with the always entertaining live auction (7:00- 8:30 pm). Once again, it will be emceed by auctioneer Jon Bethard. Each year, the auction raises thousands of dollars to support Pollitzer Student Travel Awards.
Please participate through donations (contact co-or- ganizers Myra Laird [U Chicago] and Shara Bailey [NYU], or Jon Bethard [USF], if interested) and by bidding on our array of tantalizing auction items. As the meetings approach, we will update you on other special events.
Friday, following the conclusion of the scientific sessions, we will hold the annual Business Meeting and Awards Presentation (6:30-8:30 pm). The critically important vote concerning our name change will be conducted at the meeting, so we strongly encourage attendance by all voting members. In addition, the meeting will include acknowledgement of this year’s IDEAS Scholars, Early Career Grants, and Pollitzer and COD Undergraduate Research travel awards, as well as presentations of the Charles R. Darwin Lifetime Achievement Award (awarded to Professor Matt Cartmill) and the Gabriel W. Lasker Service Award (awarded to Professor Susan Antón). Please join us in celebrating this year’s outstanding winners.
This year’s Presidential Panel (Saturday, 1-2:30pm) focuses on scientific and public discourse involving genetics and race: a topical issue that biological anthropologists are uniquely positioned to evaluate, discuss, and contribute. It follows the AAPA-AAAG- AAA-HBA sponsored symposium, Interpreting and Communicating Genetic Variation in 2019: A
Conversation on Race. The Presidential Panel is an open session that will offer guided discussion and the opportunity to exchange ideas on the important issues raised in the symposium. Everyone is encouraged to attend and participate.
Saturday brings our meetings to a close, with the Student Awards Ceremony and Closing Reception from 6:00-9:00 pm. Please join us to learn who won the 2019 Student Presentation Awards!
Finally, as we approach the meetings, we will be publi- cizing additional information regarding special events.
These will be listed in the final meetings program.
Acknowledgements and Appreciation
My sincere thanks to everyone who helped assemble the 2019 program. Thanks are due to our extraordinary business partners, Lori Strong and her team (from Burk
& Associates), as well as Ed Hagen (our webmaster, app developer, and member of the Cleveland Advance Team). We are immensely grateful to the 50 remarkable and dedicated members of our Program Committee, who conducted and completed reviews thought- fully, thoroughly, and expeditiously. We also thank the Cleveland Advance Team. The team includes our colleagues and representatives from Burk who came together in Cleveland in January to arrange the scien- tific program and to finalize hotel details. The program assistant, Kathleen McGuire, has been a tremendous help, as have the Officers and other members of the Executive Committee. Special thanks to Leslie Aiello for stepping in on numerous occasions to help with details and evaluate workshop proposals. Finally, we extend our most sincere thanks to the Local Arrangements Committee, Dr. Denise Su and Yohannes Haile-Selassie.
These meetings would not have been possible without all these exemplary individuals, so please join me in thanking them when you see them in Cleveland!
Steve Leigh
AAPA Vice President and Program Chair
MESSAGE FROM THE VP & PROGRAM CHAIR
ABSTRACTS
Chicago, 7Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, 8Department of Anatomy, Kansas City University of Medicine & Biosciences, 9Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri- Kansas City
Robust capuchin monkeys inhabit a diverse array of habitats across the south American conti- nent. Their reliance on mechanically challenging foods and their robust craniodental features have led to their classification as fallback hard object feeders. Their membership in this category is supported by complex microwear textures on their molar teeth, yet research into the mechanics of microwear formation has suggested that such surface complexity may reflect not just food mechanical properties, but also the pres- ence of hard external particles, such as quartz, adhering to foods. This raises the question of whether complex textures are exclusively the product of diet or could also be affected by the presence of external abrasives. For this to be true for robust capuchins, there would have to be a persistent source of such abrasives across seemingly disparate environments. We collected samples of grit from non-fruit food resources of two robust capuchin species (Sapajus libidinosus and Sapajus nigritus) that forage in contrasting environs: the savannah cerrado and montane rainforest of Brazil. We found that despite large environmental variations, some non-fruit food resources appear to be grit reservoirs in both environments. Fourier-transform infrared spec- troscopy confirmed the presence of quartz in our samples and preliminary morphological analysis has demonstrated a particle size range spanning three orders of magnitude. Our results indicate that despite varying environmental conditions, robust capuchins are regularly exposed to moder- ately high levels of dietary grit that are potentially responsible for the removal of substantial amounts of dental enamel.
This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF-BCS-1440541, NSF-BCS- 1440542, NSF-BCS-1440545, NSF-BCS-1627206).
Micro-sampling tooth dentine for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis: early life dietary analysis of prehistoric hunt- er-gatherers around Lake Baikal, Siberia VICTORIA M. VAN DER HAAS1, OLGA I.
GORIUNOVA2,3, VLADIMIR I. BAZALIISKII2,3 and ANDRZEJ W. WEBER1,2,4
1Anthropology, University of Alberta, 2History, Irkutsk State University, 3Institute of Archaeology
for carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios.
Each section represents roughly 9 months of developmental life. This sampling method allows for a more complete and informative record of early life dietary history with a greatly improved temporal resolution of the biochemical signa- tures of the developmental period. Bone bulk sampling methods do not allow such insights as a result of a bone turnover rate. Previous
87Sr/86Sr, 14C, 13C/12C, 15N/14N tests on bone of the same individuals examined in this study demon- strated that during the Early Bronze Age (EBA) hunter-gatherer groups migrated from the north of the Cis-Baikal, the Upper Lena area, towards the coast of Lake Baikal, the Little Sea micro-re- gion. Some hunter-gatherers appear to have retained diets typical of their homeland while in other cases local diets were relatively quickly adopted. Dentine micro-sampling has provided new data on the weaning duration and early childhood diet of the EBA Cis-Baikal hunter-gath- erers. Prior to the method, this was unknown in individuals that survived well into adulthood. This research contributes to our overall understanding of human development on Lake Baikal during the EBA, as well as to methodological advancements.
This research was made possible by the Baikal Archaeology Project, University of Alberta; SSHRC (MCRI grants Nos. 410-2000-1000, 412-2005-1004 and 412-2011-1001); and AMIDEX, Aix-Marseille University.
Effect of sampling bias in endo- cast volume comparisons between Neandertals and recent modern humans CAROLINE VANSICKLE1,2 and ZACHARY COFRAN3
1Department of Anatomy, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, 2Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, 3Anthropology Department, Vassar College
Popular literature on human evolution frequently references how Neandertals had larger brains than modern humans. Yet, paleoanthropolo- gists recognize that Late Pleistocene humans in general had large brains, and that brain size has decreased in humans over the last 30,000 years.
Here, we investigate how sample biases compli- cate the interpretation of this evolutionary trend.
We consider both the effects of sample size bias (i.e., comparing a small number of Neandertals to a larger and potentially more diverse sample of recent humans) and of sample selection (i.e., which recent human sample is best for drawing conclusions about evolutionary changes since the Late Pleistocene). We use bootstrap resa-
When possible, we compare same-sex and similar-body-size individuals to the Neandertal sample. Our results suggest that the null hypoth- esis of no difference in cranial capacity between Neandertals and more recent modern humans is supported in some comparisons, but rejected in others. These findings indicate that it is not always true that humans today do not have cranial capacities seen in Neandertals, and that researchers need to thoughtfully consider their comparative sample when studying such topics.
Should I stay or should I go? Assessing residential mobility in Bronze Age Switzerland through the isotopic evidence ALESSANDRA VARALLI1,2, JOCELYNE DESIDERI2, MIREILLE DAVID-ELBIALI2, GWENAËLLE GOUDE3, MATTHIEU HONEGGER4 and MARIE BESSE2
1Department of Archaeology, University of Durham,
2Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and aquatic sciences, University of Geneva, 3Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Minist Culture & Com, LAMPEA, 4Institut d’Archéologie, Espace Paul Vouga, Hauterive, University of Neuchâtel
It is still debated whether the major cultural changes that occurred in Europe during the Bronze Age (BA) were related to a circulation of knowl- edge or human migrations. Researches through multidisciplinary approaches (isotopes, archae- ology) strongly contribute towards untangling these complex dynamics for pre-protohistoric communities. Since prehistoric times, Switzerland has played a major role in European exchanges for its strategic position between the Danube area and the Mediterranean, offering pivotal infor- mation towards reconstructing human mobility during BA period. Jointly analyzing anthropolog- ical, archaeological and isotopic data from three sites in western Switzerland (2200-800 cal. BCE), our aim is to shed light on residential mobility and social practices of BA European populations. We explored intersite/intrasite mobility throughout the BA via multi-element and multi-tissue isotope analysis (S on bone and dentine collagen; Sr on apatite enamel), by analysing sixty-three human and fauna samples.
Results suggest that the majority of individuals were locals, in agreement with the archaeolog- ical evidence (kind of grave goods and funerary practices). Sulphur data indicates low residen- tial mobility of most of the individuals across their lifespan. Nevertheless, the early BA sample shows a greater S and Sr variability than later times. The presence of some non-local individ-
ABSTRACTS
suggest a continuity with communities installed previously in this area, we detected evidence of a greater female mobility, as demonstrated for BA sites in Central Europe.
This research was funded by the Fyssen Foundation, the Schmidheiny Foundation, the Boninchi Foundation and the University of Geneva.
I see, you smell: interspecific variation in sensory use for fruit evaluation among sympatric New World monkeys CARRIE C. VEILLEUX1, CHIHIRO HIRAMATSU2, SHASTA WEBB3, FILIPPO AURELI4, COLLEEN M.
SCHAFFNER4,5, SHOJI KAWAMURA6 and AMANDA D. MELIN3,7
1Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin,
2Human Science, Kyushu University, 3Anthropology
& Archaeology, University of Calgary, 4Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana,
5Psychology, Adams State University, 6Integrative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 7Medical Genetics, University of Calgary
Because sensory adaptations are often associ- ated with foraging, variation in sensory function between sympatric species can influence niche partitioning. However, little work has explored sensory variation in wild sympatric primates foraging on the same foods. Here, we used behavioral data from three sympatric platyr- rhines (Ateles geoffroyi, Alouatta palliata, Cebus capucinus) in the dry forest of Sector Santa Rosa, Costa Rica, that differ in diet, locomotion, and sensory function. We calculated how often visual inspection, smell, and touch were used during feeding bouts to evaluate fruits from six shared plant species (1283 bouts). Using gener- alized linear mixed models, we found differences among platyrrhines in the use of all three senses.
Platyrrhine species significantly influenced vari- ation in visual inspection (LRT, p=0.017), smell (p=0.007), and touch (p<0.0001). When evalu- ating the same fruits, Cebus and Alouatta used vision more than Ateles, Ateles used smell more than Cebus and Alouatta, and all three differed in the use of touch (Cebus>Ateles>Alouatta). We also found an effect of color vision phenotype on the use of smell when combining all three species (p=0.002), suggesting that dichromats use olfaction more often than trichromats.
Intraspecific analyses of the polymorphic species revealed that color vision phenotype influenced smell use in Cebus but not Ateles. Our results suggest that even when feeding on the same fruit species, sympatric primates differ in how they use their senses for fruit selection. Olfaction may be particularly important for Ateles when evalu- ating fruits to compensate for reduced manual dexterity due to derived adaptations for suspen- sory locomotion.
The Effects of Soundscape on the Prairie Madness Phenomenon
ALEX D. VELEZ1, MERCEDES CONDE-VALVERDE2, JULIO MARCHAMALO-AMADO2 and ASHLEY E.
AHONEN1
1Anthropology, Binghamton University, 2Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá
“Prairie madness” is an historical phenomenon wherein migrant populations who settled the Great Plains region of the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries experienced episodic bouts of depression and violence.
The cause is commonly attributed to the isola- tion between the households and settlements.
However, contemporary historical accounts also specify the sound of meteorological phenomena such as the winds on the plain as a catalyst. In order to assess whether acoustic environment could play a role in the development of symp- toms and behaviors associated with Prairie Madness, this study conducted spectral anal- ysis of several rural locations in the Great Plains region, and recordings of different environments, including urban centers. Results indicate that environments featuring wind and rain tend to have much less diversity in the bandwidth of frequencies present. The sound of the wind and rain appears to scatter most frequencies, leaving only a band from 1-1000 Hz, and some sounds at 5000 Hz unaffected. The strongest frequencies found in the windy and rainy environments of the plains also coincide with human hearing sensi- tivities, specifically a spike in sensitivity which occurs between 500 and 1000 Hz. A number of conditions, such as misophonia and acute hyper- acusis, are known to cause increased sensitivity to environmental sounds. Both conditions can result from high stress environments and are known to cause behavior consistent with descrip- tions of prairie madness such as depression, and aggressive behavior. Thus, this study maintains an environmental factor for the development of the Prairie madness phenomenon.
The behavioral ecology of grit avoidance in gelada monkeys
VIVEK V. VENKATARAMAN1, PETER J. FASHING2 and NGA NGUYEN2
1Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse School of Economics, 2Department of Anthropology, California State University Fullerton Exogenous grit has recently been implicated as a critically important factor in the evolution of mammalian molar crown height and the forma- tion of dental microwear textures. Because grit has no nutritive value, interrupts feeding, and causes tooth wear, foraging behavior should minimize the consumption of exogenous grit via altered food selection and/or food-cleaning.
Yet little is known about how primates avoid grit
a preliminary study on the behavioral ecology of grit avoidance with gelada monkeys, grassland primates with high-crowned molars, dexterous hands for food-cleaning, and a diet based on graminoids and forbs, including underground storage organs (USOs) (i.e. a diet with substan- tial exogenous grit). Specifically, we studied gelada feeding behavior at Guassa Plateau in northern Ethiopia during the dry season, when the vegetation is coated in dust and geladas increasingly incorporate USOs into their diet.
During 10-minute focal follows on 20 individuals, we measured food-cleaning behaviors of USOs and replicated the amount of grit removed from food objects. We also assessed the tradeoffs between intake rate and cleaning behavior, and measured possible social influences on the ability to thoroughly clean food items. Geladas remove and avoid grit on USOs via digital manipulation and spitting. More generally, consuming monop- olizable foods under time constraints and in the presence of other individuals appears to magnify the tradeoff between intake rate and cleaning behavior.
Shoulder morphology and substrate use in extant cercopithecoid monkeys
MARIE VERGAMINI1, LISA M. DAY2, ERNESTO GAGARIN2,3, HANNAH FURCHAK2 and AMY L.
RECTOR2
1Integrative Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 2Anthropology, School of World Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, 3Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University Substrate use in Old World monkeys is reflected in morphological variation in forelimb bones.
Studies of the elbow region suggest that Old World Monkey locomotor repertoires, including degree of arboreality and terrestriality, can be distinguished using variation of the distal humerus and proximal ulna. Given that the shoulder may not be as directly involved in weight bearing during monkey locomotion compared to the elbow joint, the relationship between morpho- logical variation and arboreality in the shoulder joint may not be the same.
Here, we use 3D geometric morphometrics to determine if differential substrate use can be identified through analysis of shape variation in the Old World Monkey proximal humerus.
32 points capturing the shape of the proximal humerus were collected using a Microscribe from a sample of more than 50 extant cercopithecoids from 15+ species. Monkey species were placed in locomotor categories including arboreal, terrestrial, semi-terrestrial, and leaping based on their primary locomotor strategy during traveling.
Variation was analyzed using PCA, PGLs, and phylogenetic ANOVAs.
Results suggest that shoulder joint morphology,
