©1986, 1985

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©1986,

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. AT&T assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.

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PREFACE

The AT&T UNIX System V User's Manual is a two-volume reference manual that describes the operating system capabilities of the AT&T UNIX* PC. It provides the UNIX programmer or operating system user with an overview of this implementation and details of commands, subroutines, and other facilities.

This issue of these manuals document version 3.5 of the UNIX PC software.

The Programmer's Manual describes general purpose UNIX commands and programs. This manual is further subdivided as follows:

Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5

Commands and Application Programs System Calls

Subroutines File Formats

Miscellaneous Facilities

The Administrator's Manual describes commands and facilities that are used for administrative maintenance of the UNIX system. This manual is further divided as follows:

Section 1M Section 7 CURSES

System Maintenance Commands Special Files

Curses/terminfo Programmer's Guide

How to Use These Manuals

The Table of Contents in each manual lists the commands and other facilities in alphabetical order along with brief definitions.

Once you have identified a command by the definition, proceed to that section number in the manual. If you are not familiar with the UNIX system commands and facilities, refer to the Permuted Index.

The Programmer's Manual and the Administrator's Manual each contain a Permuted Index, which is an alphabetical listing of the

*

UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T

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Preface

contents grouped by key words. Locate the topic for which you seek information in the middle column of the index, then look to the left column for amplifying information and to the right column for the section number. Proceed to that section number for a full description of the topic.

Version 3.5 UNIX software passes SVVS for System V Release 2.

The differences between Version 3.5 for the UNIX PO and System V Release 2 are summarized below.

Section 1M:

acct{1M)

acctcms{lM)

acctcon{lM)

acctmerg{lM)

ac c tprc{

1M)

acctsh{lM)

bdblk{lM)

brc{lM)

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on the UNIX PO for Version 3.5, but is available on

C:: .. ,,,hnYlo

'T

R",l",,,",,,,,, '>

"-'J IoJU"".L.I..L " ... "''''' ... ,,''''''''''''' I.J.

This command is not available on the UNIX PO for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

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cke ckall( 1M)

cpset(IM)

crash(IM)

dcopy(IM)

d£skusg(IM)

d£smount(IM)

errdead(IM)

errdemon( 1M)

errpt(IM)

errstop(IM)

filesave(IM)

Preface

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

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Preface

fwtmp(lM)

iv(lM)

instal/elM)

Iddrv(lM)

Hnk{lM)

masterupd(lM)

mkboot(Hvf)

mvdir(lM)

nscloop(lM)

nscmon(lM)

profiler(lM)

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the. UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

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pwck(lM)

qasurvey(lM)

rboo~lM)

rc{lM)

runacc~lM)

sadp{lM)

sar(lM)

s~lM)

stgetty(lM)

sysdefs{lM)

tic{lM)

Preface

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5. The command rc{lM) is a subset of brc{lM).

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Releru?e 2.

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Preface

uucico(lM)

vpmsave(lM)

vpmset(lM)

x25pvc(lM)

Section 7:

acu(7)

dr":vers(7)

escape(7)

kbd(7)

ktune(7)

nc(7)

nsc(7)

This command is not documented (but is available) on System V Release 2, and is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on

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phone(7)

phonedvr(7)

prj(7)

stermz'o(7)

sxt(7)

trace(7)

vpm(7)

w£ndow(7)

x25(7)

Section 8:

Preface

System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

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Preface

mk(8)

rje(8)

Section 1:

acctom(1)

bs(l)

ca/endar(l)

cat(l)

cc(l)

c/ear(l)

cpio(l)

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC ior Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

The -v, -t, and -e options are not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

The - T, - G, and - # options are not available in System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

The K, R, 0, J, and x options are not available in System V Release 2.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on

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ctrace(1)

cu(1) diif(

1)

dircmp(1) dump(1) ed(1) eft(1)

eqn(1) f77(1)

fc(1)

find(1)

fspli~1)

gdev(1)

Preface

System V Release 2.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

The - n option is not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

The -1, -r, -s,-D, and -c options are not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

The - wn option is not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

The -g, -c, -p, and -u options are not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

The - p string option is not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

The - T option is not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

The - inurn option is not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

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Preface

ged(l)

get(1) graph(1)

graph£cs(

1)

greek(1)

grep(1) gut£I(1)

head(1)

hpio(1)

ksh(1)

ld(1)

Hn~1)

login(1)

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

The

-w

option is not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

The -i, -e, and -f options are not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

The -z, -Z, -T, and -F options are not available in System V Release 2.

The -c and

^{- 0}

options are not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on

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Is(1) machid(1)

mailx(1)

message(1)

more(1)

news(1)

nsctorje(1)

nusend{l)

path{l)

pg(l)

Preface

System V Release 2.

The

^{- 0}

and -p options are not available on the UNIX

PC

Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX

PC

for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on the UNIX

PC

for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX

PC

for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX

PC

for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX

PC

for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on the UNIX

PC

for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on the UNIX

PC

for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but

is

available on the UNIX

PC

for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX

PC

for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

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Pre/ace

prs{l) rat/or{l)

riestat(l)

sag{l)

sar{l)

scrset(l)

send{l)

sh{l) sh/orm{l)

sno{l)

sort(l) spell{l) stat(l)

The c option is not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

The a, f, and h options are not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

The -y, -z, and -M options are not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

The - i option is not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on

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st/ogin{l)

timex{l)

toc{1 )

tpu(l)

trenter{l)

trotJ(l)

tset{

1)

uahelp{l)

osend{l)

Preface

System V Release 2.

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Preface

vi(l)

who(l)

Section 2:

locking(2)

syslocal(2)

Section 3:

acos(3f)

aimag(3f)

aint(3f)

asin(3f)

atan(3f)

The vedit option is not available on the

UNIX PC

Version 3.5.

The -H and -g options are not available on the

UNIX PC

Version 3.5.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the

UNIX PC

for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the

UNIX PC

for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the

UNIX PC

for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2. Note that is a FORTRAN library; most functions are available in the C library.

This command is not available on the

UNIX PC

for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on the

UNIX PC

for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on the

UNIX PC

for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on the

UNIX PC

for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on the

UNIX PC

for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

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atan2{3f)

atoj(3c)

bool(3f)

conjg(3f)

cos(3f)

cosh(3f)

dim(3f)

dprod(3f)

eprintj(3t)

form(3t)

ftape(3f)

Preface

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Preface

getarg(3f)

getenv(3f)

getpen~3f)

iargc(3f)

index(3f)

Idgetname(3x)

len(3f)

lockj(3c)

log(3f)

logl0(3f)

max(3f)

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

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mclock{3f)

min(3f)

menu(3t)

message(3t)

mod(3f)

paste(3t)

rand(3f)

sign(3f)

signac(3f)

sin(3f)

Preface

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

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Preface

s£nh(3f)

sqrt(3f)

strcmp(3f)

std£o(3s)

tam(3t)

tan(3f)

tanh(3f)

track(3t)

w£nd(3t)

wrastop(3t)

x25alnk(3c)

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but

is

available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

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x25clnk{3c)

x25hlnk{3c)

x25ipvc( 3c)

Section 4:

acct{ 4)

adj(4)

errfile( 4)

font{

4)

ups( 4)

piot( 4)

phone(4)

shlib( 4)

Preface

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but

is

available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but

is

available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release

~.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V

R~lease

2. This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC

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Preface

term(4)

terminfo( 4)

ua(4)

Section 5:

math(5)

modemcap(5)

mptx(5)

pro

t5)

termcap(5)

values(5)

for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. System Maintenance Commands

intro • • • • introduction to maintenance and application programs accept • • . • • • • • • • • • . • . • allow/prevent LP requests bcopy • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • interactive block copy chroot • • • • • • • • • . • change root directory for a command clri • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • clear i-node cron • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • clock daemon devnm • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • device name df • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • report number of free disk blocks dismount • • • • • • • • • • • •• remove floppy or cartridge disk fsck • • • • • • file system consistency check and interactive repair fsdb • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • file system debugger fuser. • • • • • • • • identify processes using a file or file structure getty • • set terminal type, modes, speed, and line discipline init • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • process control initialization

IV • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • initialize and maintain volume killall • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . kill all active processes lddrv. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • manage loadable drivers login • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • • • • • sign on Ipadmin • • • • • • • • • • • • configure the LP spooling system lpsched • start/stop the LP request scheduler and move requests

masterupd •• update the /etc/master file

mkfs. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • construct a file system mknod • • • • • • • • • build special file mount. • • • • • • • mount and dismount file system

ncheck . • generate names from i-numbers

rc • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • system initialization shell script reboot • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • reboot the system setmnt • • • . • • • • • • • • establish mount table sfont • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • install or load font shutdown • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • terminate all processing uucico • • file transport program for the uucp system uuclean • • • • • • • • • • • • • • uucp spool directory clean-up uusub • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • monitor uucp network vol copy • • • • • • • • • • • copy file systems with label checking wall • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • write to all users w hodo • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • who is doing what 7. Special Files

intro. • • drivers.

• • • • introduction to special files

• . • . • • • loadable device drivers

err • error-logging and eprintf interface

escape • • • • output escape codes for bitmap windows gd • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • general disk driver kbd • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • keyboard codes

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Table

0/

Contents

ktune. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • kernel tunable parameters lp • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • line printer mem • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . core memory null • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . the null file phone • • • • telephony interface and control phonedvr • • • • • • • • • • Kernel structure interface and control qt • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • QIC-II streaming tape driver termio • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • general terminal interface tty • • • • • • • • • • • . • • . • controlling terminal interface window • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . bitmap windows

(25)

PERMUTED INDEX LP requests. accept, reject: allow/prevent kill all: kill all active processes. . . • . . accept, reject: allow/prevent LP requests.

Ito maintenance and application programs.

bcopy: interactive block copy.

output escape codes for bitmap windows. escape:

window: bitmap windows.

bcopy: interactive block copy. . . df: report number of free disk blocks. . . . . mknod: build special file.

dismount: remove floppy or cartridge disk.

fsck: file system consistency check and interactive repair.

copy file systems with label checking. volcopy, labelit:

for a command. chroot: change root directory uuclean: uucp spool directory clean-up. . .

clri: clear i-node.

cron, smgr: clock daemon.

clri: clear i-node.

escape: output escape codes for bitmap windows.

kbd: keyboard codes. . . . . change root directory for a command. chroot: . . . system. Ipadmin: configure the LP spooling interactive/ fsck: file system consistency check and

mkfs: construct a file system.

init, telinit: process control initialization.

phone: telephony interface and control.

Kernel structure interface and control. phonedvr:

interface. tty: controlling terminal bcopy: interactive block copy. . . . . checking. volcopy, labelit: copy file systems with label

mem, kmem: core memory. . . . cron, smgr: clock daemon.

cron, smgr: clock daemon.

fsdb: file system debugger. . • drivers: load able device drivers.

devnm: device name.

blocks. df: report number of free disk uuclean: uucp spool directory clean-up. . . •

chroot: change root directory for a command.

type, modes, speed, and line discipline. /set terminal df: report number of free disk blocks. . . remove floppy or cartridge disk. dismount: . .

gd: general disk driver. • . . . mount, umount: mount and dismount file system.

cartridge disk. dismount: remove floppy or whodo: who is doing what.

gd: general disk driver.

qt: QIC-II streaming tape driver.

drivers: loadable device drivers.

lddrv: manage load able drivers.

drivers. drivers: loadable device error: error-logging and eprintf interface.

eprintf interface. error: error-logging and interface. error: error-logging and eprintf windows. escape: output escape codes for bitmap

- 1 -

accept(lM) killall(lM) accept(lM) intro(lM) bcopy(lM) escape(7) window(7) bcopy(lM) df(lM) mknod(lM) dismount(1M) fsck(lM) volcopY(lM) chroot(lM) uuclean(lM) clri(lM) cron(lM) clri(lM) escape(7) kbd(7) chroot(lM) Ipadmin(lM) fsck(lM) mkfs(lM) init(lM) phone(7) phonedvr(7) tty(7) bcopy(lM) volcopy( 1M) mem(7) cron(lM) cron(lM) fsdb(lM) drivers(7) devnm(lM) devnm(lM) df(lM) uUclean(1M) chroot(lM) gettY(lM) df(lM) dismount(lM) gd(7) mount(lM) dismount(lM) whodo(lM) gd(7) qt(7) drivers(7) Iddrv(lM) drivers(7) err(7) err(7) err(7) escape(7)

(26)

Permuted Index

for bitmap windows. escape: output escape codes setmnt: establish mount table.

masterupd: update the jetcjmaster file.

update the jetcjmaster file. masterupd:

mknod: build special file.

null: the null file.

jidentify processes using a file or file structure.

processes using a file or file structure. jidentify and interactive repair. fsck: file system consistency check

fsdb: file system debugger.

mkfs: construct a file system.

umount: mount and dismount file system. mount, volcopy, labeIit: copy file systems with labelj uucp system. uucico: file transport program for the intro: introduction to special files. . . .

dismount: remove floppy or cartridge disk.

sfont, setf: install or load font. . . . df: report number of free disk blocks. . . . ncheck: generate names from i-numbers. . . . check and interactive repair. fsck: file system consistency

fsdb: file system debugger.

using a file or filej fuser: identify processes ncheck: generate names from i-numbers.

modes, speed, and linej getty: set terminal type, file or filej fuser: identify processes using a .

initialization. init, telinit: process control init, telinit: process control initialization.

rc: system initialization shell script.

volume. iv: initialize and maintain clri: clear i-node. . . . • . . . sfont, setf: install or load font.

bcopy: interactive block copy.

system consistency check and interactive repair. jfile phone: telephony interface and control.

phonedvr: Kernel structure interface and control.

error-logging and eprintf interface. error:

termio: general terminal interface. . . . tty: controlling terminal interface. . . . maintenance and applicationj intro: introduction to

files. intro: introduction to special and applicationj intro: introduction to maintenance intro: introduction to special files.

ncheck: generate names from i-numbers. . . . . volume. iv: initialize and maintain kbd: keyboard codes. . . control. phonedvr: Kernel structure interface and

ktune: kernel tunable parameters.

kbd: keyboard codes. . . . kill all: kill all active processes.

processes. killall: kill all active mem, kmem: core memory . . parameters. ktune: kernel tunable copy file systems with label checking. jlabeIit:

with label checking. volcopy, labelit: copy file systems drivers. lddrv: manage loadable . type, modes, speed, and line discipline. jset terminal

lp: line printer.

sfont, setf: install or load font. . .

- 2 -

escape(7) setmnt{lM) masterupd( 1M) masterupd(lM) mknod(lM) nUlI(7) fuser(lM) fuser(1M) fsck(lM) fsdb(lM) mkfs{lM) mount(lM) volcopY(lM) uucico(lM) intro(7) dismount(lM) sfont(lM) df(lM) ncheck(lM) fsck{lM) fsdb(lM) fuser(lM) ncheck(lM) getty(1M) fuser(lM) init(lM) init(lM) rc(1M) iv(lM) clri(lM) sfont(lM) bcopy(1M) fsck(lM) phone(7) phonedvr(7) err(7) termio(7) tty(7) intro(lM) intro(7) intro{lM) intro(7) ncheck(lM) iv(lM) kbd(7) phonedvr(7) ktune(7) kbd(7) kiIlalI(lM) killall(lM) mem(7) ktune(7) volcopy(lM) volcopy(lM) Iddrv(lM) getty{lM) Ip(7) sfont(lM)

(27)

drivers: load able device drivers.

lddrv: manage loadable drivers.

login: sign on. . . . . lp: line printer.

/lpshut, lpmove: start/stop the LP request scheduler and move/

accept, reject: allow/prevent LP requests. . . . . Ipadmin: configure the LP spooling system.

spooling system. Ipadmin: configure the LP request/ lpsched, lpshut, lpmove: start/stop the LP start/stop the LP request/ lpsched, lpshut, lpmove:

LP request scheduler/ lpsched, lpshut, lpmove: start/stop the iv: initialize and maintain volume.

intro: introduction to maintenance and application/

lddrv: manage load able drivers.

/etc/master file. masterupd: update the . . mem, kmem: core memory.

mem, kmem: core memory. . . . . . mkfs: construct a file system.

mknod: build special file.

getty: set terminal type, modes, speed, and line/

uusub: monitor uucp network. . system. mount, umount: mount and dismount file

setmnt: establish mount table.

dismount file system. mount, umount: mount and the LP request scheduler and move requests. /start/stop

i-numbers. ncheck: generate names from uusub: monitor uucp network.

null: the null file. . . . . . null: the null file.

windows. escape: output escape codes for bitmap ktune: kernel tunable parameters. . . .

control. phone: telephony interface and interface and control. phonedvr: Kernel structure

lp: line printer.

init, telinit: process controlj . . . . . killall: kill all active processes. . . . structure. fuser: identify processes using a file or file

shutdown: terminate all processing. . . . . qt: QIC-II streaming tape driver.

driver. qt: QIC-II streaming tape shell script. rc: system initialization

reboot: reboot the system.

reboot: reboot the system. . . . requests'. accept, reject: allow/prevent LP

disk. dismount: remove floppy or cartridge check and interactive repair. /system consistency

blocks. df: report number of free disk /lpmove: start/stop the LP request scheduler and move/

reject: allow/prevent LP requests. accept,

LP request scheduler and move requests. /start/stop the . . chroot: change root directory for a command.

/start/stop the LP request scheduler and move requests.

system initialization shell script. rc: . . . . sfont, setf: install or load font.

setmnt: establish mount table.

font. sfont, setf: install or load rc: system initialization shell script. . . .

processing. shutdown: terminate all

- 3 -

Permuted Index

drivers(7) Iddrv(1M) login(lM) Ip(7) Ipsched(lM) accept(lM) Ipadmin(lM) Ipadmin(lM) Ipsched(lM) Ipsched(lM) Ipsched(lM) iv(lM) intro(lM) Iddrv(lM) masterupd(lM) mem(7) mem(7) mkfs(lM) mknod(lM) getty(lM) uusub(lM) mount(lM) setmnt(lM) mount(lM) Ipsched(lM) ncheck(1M) uusub(lM) nUll(7) nUll(7) escape(7) ktune(7) phone(7) phonedvr(7) Ip(7) init(1M) killall(lM) fuser(lM) shutdown(1M) qt(7) qt(7) rc(lM) reboot(lM) reboot(1M) accept(1M) dismount(lM) fsck(1M) df(lM) Ipsched(lM) accept(lM) Ipsched(lM) chroot(lM) Ipsched(lM) rC(lM) sfont(1M) setmnt(lM) sfont(lM) rC(lM) shutdown(lM)

(28)

Permuted Index

login: sign on. . . . . /set terminal type, modes, speed, and line discipline.

uuclean: uucp spool directory clean-up.

Ipadmin: configure the LP spooling system. . . . . lpsched, lpshut, lpmove: start/stop the LP request/

qt: QIC-II streaming tape driver.

processes using a file or file structure. fuser: identify control. phonedvr: Kernel structure interface and

setmnt: establish mount table. . . . . qt: QIC-II streaming tape driver. . . . control. phone: telephony interface and initialization. init, telinit: process control

termio: general terminal interface. . . tty: controlling terminal interface. . . and line/ getty: set terminal type, modes, speed,

shutdown: terminate all processing.

interface. termio: general terminal system. uucico: file transport program for the uucp

interface. tty: controlling terminal ktune: kernel tunable parameters.

getty: set terminal type, modes, speed, and line/

file system. mount, umount: mount and dismount masterupd: update the /etc/master file.

wall: write to all users. . . . . fuser: identify processes using a file or file/ . . . . for the uucp system. uucico: file transport program

clean-up. uuclean: uucp spool directory uusub: monitor uucp network. . . • . . .

uuclean: uucp spool directory clean-up.

file transport program for the uucp system. uucico:

uusub: monitor uucp network.

iv: initialize and maintain volume. . . . . wall: write to all users. . . whodo: who is doing what.

whodo: who is doing what.

window: bitmap windows.

output escape codes for bitmap windows. escape:

window: bitmap windows. . . . . wall: write to all users.

- 4 -

10gin(lM) getty(lM) uuclean(lM) Ipadmin(lM) Ipsched(lM) qt(7) fuser(lM) phonedvr(7) setmnt(lM) qt(7) phone(7) init(lM) termio(7) tty(7) getty(lM) shutdown(lM) termio(7) uucico(lM) tty(7) ktune(7) gettY(lM) mount(lM) masterupd(lM) wall(lM) fuser(lM) uucico(1M) uuclean{1M) uusub(lM) uuclean(1M) uucico(lM) uusub(lM) iv(lM) wall(lM) whodo(lM) whodo(lM) window(7) escape(7) window(7) wall(lM)

(29)

INTRO( 1M) INTRO(1M) NAME

intro - introduction to maintenance and application programs DESCRIPTION

This section describes, in alphabetical order, commands that are used chiefly for system maintenance and administration purposes.

The commands in this section should be used along with those listed in Section 1 of the UNIX System User's Manual. References to other manual entries not of the form name(lM) or name(7) refer to entries of that manual.

COMMAND SYNTAX

Unless otherwise noted, commands described in this section accept options and other arguments according to the following syntax:

name [opt£on(s)] [cmdarg(s)]

where:

name optz"on

noargletter argletter optarg cmdarg

The name of an executable file.

- noargletter(s) or, - argletter

< >

optarg

where

< >

is optional white space.

A single letter representing an option without an argument.

A single letter representing an option requiring an argument.

Argument (character string) satisfying preceding argletter.

Path name (or other command argument) not beginning with - , or - by itself indicating the standard input.

SEE ALSO

getopt(l), getopt(3C).

UNIX System User's Manual.

UNIX System Adm£nz"strator's Gu£de.

DIAGNOSTICS

BUGS

Upon termination, each command returns two bytes of status, one supplied by the system and giving the cause for termination, and (in the case of "hormal" termination) one supplied by the program (see wait(2) and ex£t(2)). The former byte is 0 for normal termination; the latter is customarily 0 for successful execution and non-zero to indicate troubles such as erroneous parameters, bad or inaccessible data, or other inability to cope. with the task at hand.

It is called variously "exit code", "exit status", or "return codell, and is described only where special conventions are involved.

Regretfully, many commands do not adhere to the aforementioned syntax.

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ACCEPT ( 1M) ACCEPT(IM) NAME

accept, reject - allow/prevent LP requests SYNOPSIS

/ usr / lib / accept destinations

/usr/lib/reject [ -r[ reason

11

destinations DESCRIPTION

FILES

Accept allows Ip(1) to accept requests for the named dest£nations.

A destination can be either a printer or a class of printers. Use Ipstat(1) to find the status of dest£nations.

Reiect prevents lp(l) from accepting requests for the named dest£- nations. A destination can be either a printer or a class of printers. Use Ipstat(1) to find the status of destina#ons. The following option is useful with reiect.

-r[ reason

1

Associates a reason with preventing lp from accepting requests. This reason applies to all printers mentioned up to the next -r option. Reason is reported by lp when users direct requests to the named destinat£ons and by lpstat(l). If the -r option is not present or the -r option is given without a reason, then a default reason will be used.

/usr/spool/lp/*

SEE ALSO

enable(l), Ip(l), Ipadmin(lM), Ipsched(lM), Ipstat(1).

- 1 -

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BCOPY(lM) ( Obsolescent) BCOPY(lM) NAME

bcopy - interactive block copy SYNOPSIS

/etc/bcopy DESCRIPTION

Bcopy dates from a time when neither the UNIX file system nor the DEC disk drives were as reliable as they are now. Bcopy copies from and to files starting at arbitrary block (512-byte) boundaries.

The following questions are asked:

to: (you name the file or device to be copied to).

offset: (you provide the starting "tol) block number).

from: (you name the file or device to be copied from).

offset: (you provide the starting "from" block number).

count: (you reply with the number of blocks to be copied).

After count is exhausted, the from question is repeated (giving you a chance to concatenate blocks at the to+oft'set+count loca- tion). If you answer from with a carriage return, everything starts over.

Two consecutive carriage returns terminate bcopy.

SEE ALSO

cpio(1), dd(1).

(32)

CHROOT(IM) CHROOT(IM) NAME

chroot - change root directory for a command SYNOPSIS

/ etc/ chroot new root command DESCRIPTION

The given command is executed relative to the new root. The meaning of any initial slashes

U)

in path names is changed for a command and any of its children to newroot. Furthermore, the initial working directory is newroot.

Notice that:

chroot newroot command >x

will create the file x relative to the original root, not the new one.

This command is restricted to the super-user.

The new root path name is always relative to the current root:

even if a chroot is currently in effect, the newroot argument is relative to the current root of the running process.

SEE ALSO

fsck(IM), fsdb(IM), ncheck(IM), fs( 4).

BUGS

If the file is open, clri is likely to be ineffective.

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CRON(lM) CRON( 1M) NAME

cron, smgr - clock daemon SYNOPSIS

/etc/cron /etc/smgr DESCRIPTION

FILES

Cron executes commands at specified dates and times according to the instructions in the file /usr/lib/crontab. Because cron never exits, it should be executed only once. This is best done by running cron from the initialization process through the file / etc/rc (see £nz"t(1M)).

In the UNIX PC, the status manager (/etc/smgr), which displays the date, time, and message icons on the screen, includes the func- tionality of cron. Thus cron is not run on the UNIX PC if the status manager is used.

The file crontab consists of lines of six fields each. The fields are separated by spaces or tabs. The first five are integer patterns that specify in order:

minute (0-59), hour (0-23),

day of the month (1-31), month of the year (1-12),

and day of the week (0-6, with O=Sunday).

Each of these patterns may contain:

a number in the (respective) range indicated above;

two numbers separated by a minus (indicating an inclusive range);

a list of numbers separated by commas (meaning all of these numbers); or

an asterisk (meaning all legal values).

The sixth field is a string that is executed by the shell at the specified time(s). A % in this field is translated into a new-line character. Only the first line (up to a % or the end of line) of the command field is executed by the shell. The other lines are made available to the command as standard input.

Cron examines crontab once a minute to see if it has changed; if it has, cron reads it. Thus it takes only a minute for entries to become effective.

jusr jlibj crontab jusrjadmjcronlog SEE ALSO

init(IM), sh(I).

DIAGNOSTICS

A history of all actions by cron are recorded in / usr / adm/ cronlog.

(35)

CRON(lM) CRON(lM) BUGS

Cron reads crontab only when it has changed, but it reads the in-core version of that table once a minute. A more efficient algo- rithm could be used. The overhead in running cron is about one percent of the CPU, exclusive of any commands executed by cron.

(36)

DEVNM(lM) DEVNM(lM) NAME

devnm - device name SYNOPSIS

fetcfdevnm [names 1

DESCRIPTION

Devnm identifies the special file associated with the mounted file system where the argument name resides (as a special case, both the block device name and the swap device name is printed for the argument name

f

if swapping is done on the same disk section as the root file system). Argument names must be full path names.

This command is most commonly used by fetcfrc (see rC(lM)) to construct a mount table entry for the root device.

EXAMPLE

The command:

/etc/devnm / produces

fp002 /

if /dev/fp002 is mounted on

f.

Or the command:

/etc/devnm /u produces

fp003 /u

if /dev /fp003 is mounted on /u.

FILES

/etc/mnttab SEE ALSO

rc(lM), setmnt{lM).

(37)

DF(IM) DF(IM) NAME

df - report number of free disk blocks SYNOPSIS

df [ - t 1 [ -f 1 [ file-systems 1 DESCRIPTION

FILES

Df prints out the number of free blocks and free i-nodes available for on-line file systems by examining the counts kept in the super- blocks; file-systems may be specified either by device name (e.g., /dev/fp002) or by mounted directory name (e.g., /usr). If the file-systems argument is unspecified, the free space on all of the mounted file systems is printed.

The - t flag causes the total allocated block figures to be reported as well.

If the -f flag is given, only an actual count of the blocks in the free list is made (free i-nodes are not reported). With this option, df will report on raw devices.

/dev/fp*

/etc/mnttab SEE ALSO

fs( 4), mnttab( 4).

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DISMOUNT (1M) DISMOUNT (1M) NAME

dismount - remove floppy or cartridge disk SYNOPSIS

dismount [ -f

1 [

-s

1

DESCRIPTION

Fll..ES

DISMOUNT prevents damage to a floppy or cartridge disk caused by sudden removal of the disk from its drive. The program waits for pending input/output on the disk to complete, forbids further input/output to the disk, unmounts the disk)s file systems, and clears the pulled flag in the disk)s volume home block. When dismount finishes without error, it is safe to take the disk out of the drive. '

-f is the default and dismounts the floppy disk. -s is historical.

A disk that was removed without a prior dismount is noticeable because its pulled flag is still set. Inserting such a disk in the drive causes UNIX to print a warning on the system console. If you receive such a warning, check the consistency of file systems and databases on the disk.

/etc/mnttab - mounted file system list SEE ALSO

fsck(lM), update(1), gd(7).