Analyse multiéchellede Carbone pyrolitiques
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(7) _2K2`+B2K2Mib C2 iB2Mb ¨ `2K2`+B2` S b+ H Sm2+? 2i J `+ JQMi?BQmt- K2b /2mt +Q@@2M+ /` Mib [mB QMi `2M/m TQbbB#H2 HǶûH #Q` iBQM /2 +2ii2 i?ĕb2X CǶ B Tm H2m` TQb2` iQmi2b H2b [m2biBQMb [m2 D2 K2 TQb Bb ě T `7QBb THmbB2m`b 7QBb- bQBi [m2 DǶ2M Qm#HB bb2 H2b `ûTQMb2b- bQBi [m2 +2b /2`MBĕ`2b M2 K2 b iBb}bb2Mi T b ě- BHb QMi `ûTQM/m T`ûb2Mi ¨ +? [m2 7QBbX .2 KāK2- D2 `2K2`+B2 SB2``2@Ap M _ vM H p2+ [mB DǶ B 2m /2 MQK#`2mt û+? M;2b KB+ mt TQm` H `2T`Bb2 /2 bQM i` p BH 2M KB+`Qb+QTB2X *2ii2 i?ĕb2 û; H2K2Mi ûiû K2Mû2 2M +QHH #Q` iBQM p2+ /2b T2`bQMM2b /2 "Q`/2 mt [m2 D2 iB2Mb ¨ `2K2`+B2` , :û` `/ oB;MQH2b [mB /B`B;û H2 T`QD2i 2i p2+ [mB 2M /2?Q`b /m + /`2 T`Q72bbBQMM2H MQmb pQMb 2m [m2H[m2b +QMp2`b iBQMb BMiû`2bb Mi2b m bmD2i /2 H H M;m2 TQ`im; Bb2- S i`B+F q2Bb#2+F2` [mB ûH #Q`û H2b û+? MiBHHQMb p2+ J 2p G H MM2 2i [mB KǶ B/û / Mb H2m`b T`ûT ` iBQM TQm` H J1h BMbB [m2 TQm` HǶ2tTHQBi iBQM /2b /Bz` +iQ;` KK2b /2b +QF2b 2M _s- C2 M@J `+ G2vbb H2C2 M@SB2``2 . *Qbi - *?`BbiB M :2`K BM p2+ [mB D2 MǶ B T b +QHH #Q`û /B`2+i2K2Mi K Bb [mB QMi ûiû /2b +QKT ;MQMb /2 i #H2 7Q`i ;`û #H2b HQ`b /2b `ûmMBQMb /m T`QD2i 2i 2M}M " TiBbi2 6 `#Qb- HǶ mi`2 i?ûb `/ /m T`QD2i ¨ [mB DǶ /`2bb2 iQmb K2b pƾmt /2 bvKT i?B2X m *1J1a- D2 `2K2`+B2 G m`2 LQû [mB KǶ bbBbiû HQ`b /2 K2b T`2KB2`b 2bb Bb 2M i Mi [m2 KB+`Qb+QTBbi2- 6HQ`2Mi >Qm/2HHB2` TQm` b2b 7Q`K iBQMb- _Q#BM *Qm`b TQm` H T`ûT ` iBQM m SASaX C2 `2K2`+B2 i`ĕb 7Q`i2K2Mi aû# biB2M CQmHBû TQm` H2 i2KTb [m2 MQmb pQMb T bbû 2Mb2K#H2 m h1*LA TQm` H2b K2bm`2b 11GaX SQm` H T `iB2 _ K M- D2 `2K2`+B2 MiQBM2 wrB+F TQm` H2b 2tTHB+ iBQMb i2+?MB[m2b 2i 6`û/û`B+ L2mK2v2` p2+ aû# biB2M JQv MQ TQm` H T`ûT ` iBQM /2b bT2+i`Qb+QT2bX J2`+B ¨ oB`;BM2 a2`BM [mB KǶ +QMb2BHHû TQm` H T `iB2 11Ga 2i [mB ++2Tiû /Ƕāi`2 T`ûbB/2Mi2 /2 Dm`vX J2`+B ¨ LB+QH b _ i2H@_ KQM 2i SB2``2 G2+ Mi2 TQm` +2b HQM;m2b /Bb+mbbBQMb 2i `2~2tBQMb bm` H /Bz` +iBQM /2b ` vQMb s bm` H2b + `#QM2b im`#Qbi` iB[m2bX AH v [m M/ KāK2 #B2M [m2H[m2b i?ûb `/b 2i TQbi@/Q+iQ` Mib [m2 D2 bQm? Bi2 `2K2`+B2`- ¨ +QKK2M+2` T ` J i?B2m .2HK b p2+ [mB DǶ B T `i ;û mM2 +? K#`2 p Mi KāK2 /2 H2 +QMM ŗi`2 UK i?ĕb2 /û#miû T ` H2b DQm`Mû2b MMm2HH2b /m :61* kyRR ¨ P`#2vV 2i [mB ûiû /ǶmM #QM bQmiB2M KQ` H m +Qm`b /2 H i?ĕb2 c _ D "Bi `@vQm# [mB p2M Bi #QB`2 H2 i?û m #m`2 m c J i?B b EQ#vHFQ [mB T `i ;û H2 #m`2 m p2+ KQB 2i [mB `ûTQM/m mt MQK#`2mb2b [m2biBQMb [m2 D2 HmB B TQbû2b c *2HB * bi`Q [mB `2KTH +û J i?B b bm#B H KāK2 iQ`im`2 K Bb QM p +?2K2Mi #B2M `B;QHû 2Mb2K#H2 c oB+iQ`B hBb?FQp @GûQMB [mB p2M Bi mbbB #QB`2 H2 i?û p2+ _ D c h? MB * x `2bDQB2 /2 pBp`2 BKTQ`iû2 /m J2tB[m2 2i 2M}M E iB S p2H2MFQ [mB /ûiB2Mi H2 `2+Q`/ /2 HQM;ûpBiû /2 T `i ;2 /2 #m`2 m- [mB KǶ TT`Bb [m2H[m2b KQib /2 `mbb2 2i p2+ [mB MQmb pQMb T `7QBb T2biû +QMi`2 MQb i?ĕb2b `2bT2+iBp2b- iQmDQm`b 2M `B;QH MiX AHb M2. _2K2`+B2K2Mib. 88.
(8) bQMi T b i?ûb `/b- K Bb D2 H2m` T `H Bb [m M/ KāK2 i`ĕb bQmp2Mi , . pB/ L2mK2v2` 2i qQH7; M; " +b X C2 `2K2`+B2 H CaSa UC T M aQ+B2iv 7Q` S`QKQiBQM Q7 a+B2M+2V [mB KǶ T2`KBb /2 i` p BHH2` /2mt KQBb m C TQM p2+ mM2 #Qm`b2 /m Ŀ amKK2` S`Q;` K ŀX CǶ B ûiû ¨ L ; MQ / Mb H2 H #Q` iQB`2 /2 1M/Q@b2Mb2B [m2 D2 `2K2`+B2 TQm` bQM ++m2BHX C2 `2K2`+B2 > v b?B@b2Mb2B TQm` pQB` T `i ;û bQM b pQB` p2+ KQB m KB+`Qb+QT2 2i u @ K F KB@b M TQm` H T`ûT ` iBQM /Ƕû+? MiBHHQMbX C2 `2K2`+B2 HǶû[mBT2 K2tB+ BM2 p2+ [mB DǶ B T bbû /Ƕ ;`û #H2b KQK2Mib 2i D2 `2K2`+B2 iQmi T `iB+mHBĕ`2K2Mi 62`/BM M/Q h`BbiM 2i aQ} o2; [mB KǶQMi #B2M B/û TQm` /û+Qmp`B` H pB2 ¨ L ; MQX C2 MǶQm#HB2 T b J Mm2H "2HKQMi2 [mB T `i ;û KQM #m`2 m 2i p2+ [mB DǶ B #B2M `B;QHû /2 b2b /Bp2`b M2+/Qi2bX JQM bûDQm` ¨ L ; MQ MǶ m` Bi T b ûiû TQbbB#H2 b Mb H b2+`ûi B`2 Em` i @b M [mB bǶ2bi +? `;û2 /2 K2 i`Qmp2` mM HQ;2K2Mi 2i [mB bǶ2bi Q++mTû2 /2 iQmi2 H T `iB2 /KBMBbi` iBp2X G2b mi`2b b2+`ûi B`2b J +?B/ @b M 2i J M KB@b M KǶQMi û; H2K2Mi ûiû /ǶmM b2+Qm`b TT`û+B #H2 TQm` H +QKKmMB+ iBQM m b2BM /m H #Q` iQB`2X 1M}M- D2 `2K2`+B2 EBi x r @b2Mb2B TQm` b2b H2ÏQMb /2 D TQMM Bb 2i b ;2MiBHH2bb2X SQm` i2`KBM2` +2 T ` ;` T?2 /û/Bû ¨ KQM bûDQm` m C TQM- D2 iB2Mb ¨ /QMM2` mM i`ĕb ;` M/ K2`+B ¨ H 7 KBHH2 Ar i [mB KǶ +? H2m`2mb2K2Mi ++m2BHHB H2 i2KTb /ǶmM r22F@2M/ UiQmb H2b #Qm`bB2`b /2 H2 CaSa T bb2Mi mM r22F@2M/ 2M 7 KBHH2 /Ƕ ++m2BHV 2i p2+ [mB DǶ B H2 TH BbB` /Ƕ pQB` ; `/û +QMi +iX .ǶmM2 K MBĕ`2 mM T2m KQBMb +QMp2MiBQMM2HH2- D2 bQm? Bi2 mbbB `2K2`+B2` H2b 2Mb2B@ ;M Mib [mB KǶQMi TTQ`iû THmb [m2 /m b pQB` m +Qm`b /2 K b+QH `Biû 2i b Mb [mB D2 M2 b2` Bb T b H T2`bQMM2 [m2 D2 bmBb mDQm`/Ƕ?mB 2i b Mb [mB D2 MǶ m` Bb T2mi@āi`2 T b û+`Bi +2ii2 i?ĕb2X J KûKQB`2 MǶ2bi T b BM7 BHHB#H2 mbbB DǶ2bTĕ`2 M2 T b i`QT û+Q`+?2` H2b MQKbX C2 +QKK2M+2 T ` JX 2i JK2 o i M- K2b BMbiBimi2m`b [mB KǶQMi TT`Bb ¨ HB`2 2i +QKTi2` ě H # b2 /2 iQmi ě K Bb mbbB [mB KǶQMi /QMMû H2 ;Qȿi /2 HǶû+QH2X JX "m`2i- KQM T`Q7Ƕ /2 K i?b /m +QHHĕ;2 /QMi H2b i H2Mib 2M + H+mH K2Mi H KǶQMi iQmDQm`b BKT`2bbBQMMû 2i [mB K2 /QMM Bi TH BbB` ¨ 7 B`2 /2b K i?b ě TH BbB` [mB K H@ ?2m`2mb2K2Mi b2 b2` T2`/m T ` H bmBi2Ę ě c JX 1KK2HBM KQM T`Q7Ƕ /2 T?vbB[m2@@ +?BKB2 /m Hv+û2 UBH HǶ ûiû T2M/ Mi i`QBb MbV- DǶûi Bb /ûD¨ iiB`û T ` H T?vbB[m2- K Bb BH KǶ /QMMû 2M+Q`2 THmb 2MpB2 /Ƕ2M 7 B`2 c *? `H2b .2 Ax `` - 2t@@/B`2+i2m` /2 H 7 +mHiû /2 "Qm`;2b [mB KǶ 2M+Qm` ;û ¨ 7 B`2 /2 H `2+?2`+?2 2i bQM ?mKQm` 2M +Qm`b [mB M2 7 Bb Bi T b iQmDQm`b KQm+?2 c aiûT? M2 S2HH2`BM p2+ [mB MQmb pQMb T`ûT `û H 7āi2 /2 H b+B2M+2 2i [mB KǶ T`QTQbû KQM bi ;2 /2 K bi2` [mB KǶ /QMMû 2MpB2 /2 7 B`2 /2 H `2+?2`+?2 c GûQM `/ .2 Ax `` - mM mi`2 bi ;B B`2 [mB KǶ ;` M/2K2Mi B/û TQm` +2 bi ;2 2i [mB KǶ +QMp BM+m /Ƕ2bb v2` :LlfGBMmt c :BHH2b *? `H2b- H2 i2+?MB+B2M /2 H 7 +mHiû /2 "Qm`;2b p2+ [mB MQmb pQMb `û HBbû /2b 2tTû`B2M+2b Kmb Mi2b bm` H2b Ŀ HB7i2` ŀ c iQmi2 HǶû[mBT2 2Mb2B;M Mi2 /2 H 7 +mHiû /2 "Qm`;2b [mB KǶQMi TT`Bb H2b # b2bX . MB2H :mBM2i 2i "`mMQ J b2M2HHB /2 HǶmMBp2`bBiû /2 GvQM [mB QMi T bbû #2 m+QmT /2 i2KTb ¨ `ûTQM/`2 ¨ K2b [m2biBQMb bm` H2m`b K iBĕ`2b `2bT2+iBp2b 2i [mB KǶQMi. ee. _2K2`+B2K2Mib.
(9) mbbB TTQ`iû mM bQmiB2M KQ` H [m M/ DǶ2M B 2m #2bQBM ¨ HǶûTQ[m2X AK / G FiBM2? [mB KǶ HBiiû` H2K2Mi i` mK iBbû ě DǶ2M i`2K#H Bb p Mi /Ƕ HH2` 2M h. /2 Kû+ MB[m2 [m MiB[m2Ę ě c >ûHĕM2 *Qm`iQBb [mB KǶ /QMMû /2b bmT2`b +Qm`b /Ƕ bi`QT?vbB[m2 2i [mB mM DQm` /Bi [m2H[m2 +?Qb2 +QKK2 Ŀ iQmi 2bi # bû bm` H2 7 Bi [m2 H pBi2bb2 /2 H HmKBĕ`2 2bi +QMbi Mi2Ę 2M}M DǶ2bTĕ`2 [mǶ2HH2 HǶ2bi #B2M bBMQM QM 2bi K HĘ ŀ- H T?` b2 [mB K2 ` TT2HH2 [m2 H b+B2M+2 M2 `2TQb2 [m2 bm` /2b ?vTQi?ĕb2bĘ C2 iB2Mb ¨ `2K2`+B2` iQmb H2b K2K#`2b /m Dm`v ě C2 M@GQmBb " MiB;MB2b- PHBpB2` .m;M2- Gv/B G zQMi 2i oB`;BMB2 a2`BM ě /Ƕ pQB` 2t KBMû KQM i` p BH /2 i?ĕb2_ mH `2M H 2i C2 M@LQďH _Qmx m/ /Ƕ pQB` ûiû K2b ` TTQ`i2m`b- MQi KK2Mi TQm` H HQM;m2 2i 2M`B+?Bbb Mi2 +QMp2`b iBQM iûHûT?QMB[m2 [m2 DǶ B 2m2 p2+ +2 /2`MB2`X aǶBH v mM2 +?Qb2 [m2 D2 `2iB2Mb /2 K i?ĕb2- +Ƕ2bi [m2 DǶ B [m M/ KāK2 #2 m+QmT `B p2+ H2b ;2Mb [m2 DǶ B `2M+QMi`û 2i H2 `B`2 +Ƕ2bi BKTQ`i Mi TQm` H b Miû- BH T ` Bi [m2 Ï B/2 ¨ pBp`2 THmb HQM;i2KTb- HQ`b K2`+B ¨ iQmbX 1M}M- H2 THmb ;`Qb 2i H2 THmb i2M/`2 /2b K2`+Bb- D2 H2 /û/B2 ¨ +2HH2 [mB KǶ iQmDQm`b bQmi2Mm- +2HH2 ¨ [mB D2 /QBb iQmi 2i THmb 2M+Q`2- pQmb HǶ m`2x /2pBMû- BH bǶ ;Bi /2 K #B2M@ BKû2 72KK2 , aQMB X. _2K2`+B2K2Mib. dd.
(10)
(11) AMi`Q/m+iBQM G2 + `#QM2 2bi mM ûHûK2Mi 2ti`āK2K2Mi BKTQ`i Mi- # b2 /2 H +?BKB2 Q`; MB[m2+QKTQb Mi [m bB@@2bb2MiB2H /2 H #BQ+?BKB2- b2b 7Q`K2b bQHB/2b M im`2HH2b ;` T?Bi2 2i /B K Mi bQMi +QMMm2b /2TmBb HǶ MiB[mBiûX *? +mM2 /2 +2b 7Q`K2b HHQi`QT2b TQbbĕ/2Mi /2b T`QT`Bûiûb T?vbB[m2b [mB H2m` bQMi T`QT`2b 2i [mB QMi +QM/mBi ¨ mM2 miBHBb iBQM /Bp2`bB}û2X .2TmBb mM T2m THmb /ǶmM2 pBM;i BM2 /Ƕ MMû2b- mM `2; BM /Ƕ ii2MiBQM b+B2MiB}[m2 2i Kû/B iB[m2 bǶ2bi TQ`iû bm` H2 + `#QM2 p2+ H U`2V/û+Qmp2`i2R /2b M MQim#2b /2 + `@ #QM2k /QMi H2b T`QT`Bûiûb T2`K2ii2Mi /Ƕ KûHBQ`2` +2`i BMb K iû`B mt UMQmp2 mt +QK@ TQbBi2b THmb +QM/m+i2m`b 2ifQm THmb `ûbBbi Mib TQm` /2b ûHûK2Mib /2 bi`m+im`2 2M û@ `QM miB[m2- H2 K iû`B2H bTQ`iB7- H2 +QM/BiBQMM2K2Mi- 2i+VX lM2 mi`2 /û+Qmp2`i2 ;Bi2 H +QKKmM miû +2b /Bt /2`MBĕ`2b MMû2b , H2 ;` T?ĕM2X *2ii2 bi`m+im`2 TH M B`2 /2 + `#QM2b ;2M+ûb b2HQM mM `ûb2 m ?2t ;QM H- TTQ`i2 bQM HQi /2 MQmp2HH2b TTHB+ @ iBQMb 2i 2bi û; H2K2Mi mM K iû`B m KQ/ĕH2 BMiû`2bb Mi /m TQBMi /2 pm2 i?ûQ`B[m2 ě BH 2tBbi Bi / Mb HǶBK ;BM iBQM /2b +?2`+?2m`b #B2M p Mi b /û+Qmp2`i2 ě [mB T2`K2i /Ƕ2tTHQ`2` /Bzû`2Mib bT2+ib /2 H T?vbB[m2 KûbQb+QTB[m2X J H;`û iQmi HǶBMiû`āi [m2 bmb+Bi2Mi H2b M MQ+ `#QM2b- H2b + `#QM2b K bbB7b M2 bQMi T b KQ`ib 5 1M 2z2i- H2b M MQ+ `#QM2b MǶQMi T b 2M+Q`2 HBp`û iQmi2b H2m`b T`QK2bb2b U/ Mb HǶ TTHB+ iBQM H THmb 2ti`āK2 /2b M MQim#2b- QM ii2M/ iQmDQm`b HǶ b+2Mb2m` bT iB Hj 5V 2i H `2+?2`+?2 / Mb +2 /QK BM2 b2 TQm`bmBiX G2b + `#QM2b K bbB7b bQMi [m Mi ¨ 2mt i`ĕb H `;2K2Mi 2KTHQvûb /2TmBb /2 MQK#`2mb2b MMû2b m MBp2 m BM/mbi`B2H Qɍ BHb QMi /ûD¨ 7 Bi H2m`b T`2mp2b / Mb #B2M /2b b2+i2m`b /Ƕ TTHB+ iBQMb- /Ƕ BHH2m`b bQmp2Mi H2b KāK2b [m2 +2mt TQm` H2b[m2Hb mM2 KûHBQ` iBQM bB;MB}+ iBp2 /2b T2`7Q`K M+2b 2bi 2b+QKTiû2 T ` H2 `2+Qm`b mt M MQ+ `#QM2bX AHb MǶQMi T b 2M+Q`2 HBp`û iQmb H2m`b b2+`2ibX 1M 2z2i- / Mb +2`i BMb + b- H2b BM/mbi`B2Hb b p2Mi 7 #`B[m2` /2b K iû`B mt v Mi H2b T`QT`Bûiûb `2+?2`+?û2b- K Bb HǶB/2MiB}+ iBQM /2b T`QT`Bûiûb T ` HǶQ#b2`p iBQM b Mb T`Q+û/2` ¨ mM2 HQM;m2 bû`B2 /2 i2bib K M[m2 2M+Q`2X AH 7 mi i`Qmp2` /2b BM/B+ i2m`b [m MiBi iB7b T2`K2ii Mi /2 +H bb2` /2 K MBĕ`2 mMBpQ[m2 +2b K iû`B mtX m@/2H¨ /2 +2i bT2+i /2b+`BTiB7- mM2 K2BHH2m`2 +QKT`û@ ?2MbBQM /2b Kû+ MBbK2b +QM/mBb Mi /2 H bi`m+im`2 /m K iû`B m U[m2HH2 [m2 bQBi R. k j. "B2M [m2 H Tm#HB+ iBQM /ǶABDBK (R) 2M RNNR bQBi H2 TQBMi /2 /ûT `i /m bm++ĕb /2b M MQim#2b + ` T`QTQb Mi mM2 Kûi?Q/2 TQm` H2b T`Q/mB`2- +2mt@+B 7m`2Mi 2M `û HBiû /û+Qmp2`ib #B2M THmb iƬi T ` _ /mb?F2pB+? 2i GmFv MQpB+? (k) 2M RN8k UoQB` JQMi?BQmt- JX M/ EmxM2ibQp- oX GX UkyyeVX q?Q b?QmH/ #2 ;Bp2M i?2 +`2/Bi 7Q` i?2 /Bb+Qp2`v Q7 + `#QM M MQim#2b\X * `#QM- 99UNV- RekRĜRekjXVX *2ii2 Ŀ/û+Qmp2`i2ŀ 7 Bi bmBi2 2i /û+QmH2 /2 +2HH2 /2b 7mHH2`ĕM2b ě bQ`i2 /2 Ŀ# HHQM /2 7QQi# HHŀ M MQKûi`B[m2 2M + `#QM2 ě /QMi HǶBMiû`āi 7mi HmB mbbB BKTQ`i Mi K Bb `2H iBp2K2Mi THmb #`27X GǶ b+2Mb2m` bT iB H 2bi mM T`QD2i /2 +`û2` mM b+2Mb2m` bmTTQ`iû T ` mM + #H2 2M M MQim#2b /2 + `#QM2 2i HH Mi / Mb HǶ2bT +2 m@/2H¨ /2 HǶQ`#Bi2 ;ûQbi iBQMM B`2 ¨ mM2 HiBim/2 /2 jeyyy FKX. AMi`Q/m+iBQM. NN.
(12) HǶû+?2HH2V ¨ b2b T`QT`Bûiûb Kû+ MB[m2b 2bi mM 2MD2m [mB T2`K2ii` ¨ i2`K2 /ǶQ`B2M@ i2` THmb 7 +BH2K2Mi HǶûH #Q` iBQM /2 MQmp2 mt K iû`B mt 2M 7QM+iBQM /2b T`QT`Bûiûb `2+?2`+?û2bX *Ƕ2bi TQm` `ûTQM/`2 ¨ +2ii2 T`Q#HûK iB[m2 bm` /2b K iû`B mt + `#QMûb bTû+B}[m2b TT2Hûb Tv`Q+ `#QM2b [m2 H2 T`QD2i Sv`QJ L USv`Q+ `#QM J i`B+2b i i?2 L MQb@ + H2 , J i`B+2b /2 Sv`Q+ `#QM2 ¨ HǶû+?2HH2 M MQKûi`B[m2V ûiû +`ûûX *2 T`QD2i 2bi mM T`QD2i +QHH #Q` iB7 bQmi2Mm T ` HǶL_ 2i H2 SƬH2 û`QM miB[m2 2`QbT +2 o HH2v `2;`QmT Mi H2b +QKTûi2M+2b /2 i`QBb H #Q` iQB`2b /2 `2+?2`+?2 , H2 G*ha9 /2 "Q`@ /2 mt- HǶAJa8 /2 "Q`/2 mt 2i H2 *1J1ae /2 hQmHQmb2- H #Q` iQB`2 m b2BM /m[m2H ûiû 2z2+imû2 H T`ûb2Mi2 i?ĕb2X G2 G*ha ûi Bi 2Mi`2 mi`2b +? `;û /2 HǶûH #Q` iBQM /2b K iû`B mt ¨ ûim/B2` , /2b + `#QM2b Tv`QHviB[m2b T`Q/mBib T ` *o.df*oA3- /QMi mM2 T `iB2 ûiû T`Q/mBi2 2M T `i2M `B i p2+ H aM2+K NX AH `û HBbû bm` +2b û+? MiBHHQMb /2b K2bm`2b /2 /BzmbBQM /2 M2mi`QMb T2`K2ii Mi /2 +QMM Bi`2 H 7QM+iBQM /2 /Bbi`B#miBQM /2 T B`2b BMbB [m2 H i BHH2 BMi` @@TH M B`2 /2b +`Bbi HHBi2b ԁԐ X *2 H #Q` iQB`2 2bi mbbB `2bTQMb #H2 /2 H T `iB2 +2Mi` H2 /2 +2 T`QD2i , H KQ/ûHBb iBQM /2 H bi`m+im`2 iQKB[m2 /2b K iû`B mt ¨ T `iB` /ǶBK ;2b /2 7` M;2b /2 `ûb2 m Q#i2Mm2b T ` >_h1JRyX *2 i` p BH T2`K2ii` /2 7 B`2 /2b bBKmH iBQMb bm` H2b T`QT`Bûiûb T?vbB[m2b 2i Kû+ MB[m2b /2b K iû`B mt ûim/BûbX GǶAJa 2bi mM T `i2M B`2 bTû+B HBbû / Mb H2 i` Bi2K2Mi 2i HǶ M Hvb2 /ǶBK ;2b i2tim@ `û2bX § +2 iBi`2- BH p Bi TQm` i+?2 /2 /ûp2HQTT2` mM2 i2+?MB[m2 /2 T`QD2+iBQMb /2 bi iBbiB[m2b Bbbm2b /ǶmM2 BK ;2 2M k. ¨ mM +m#2 2M j.X AH bǶ ;Bbb Bi- ¨ T `iB` /2b BK ;2b /2 7` M;2b /2 `ûb2 m /2b Tv`Q+ `#QM2b 7Qm`MB2b T ` H2 i` p BH /2 +2ii2 i?ĕb2/2 `2+`û2` mM2 i2tim`2 2M j. +QKT iB#H2 p2+ H i2tim`2 Q#b2`pû2 m J1hX *2ii2 /2`MBĕ`2 ûi Mi H2 7`mBi /2 H T`QD2+iBQM /ǶmM2 i2tim`2 j.- mM2 T2`i2 /ǶBM7Q`K iBQM /m2 ¨ H bmT2`TQbBiBQM /2b bB;M mt ¨ i` p2`b HǶûT Bbb2m` /2 HǶû+? MiBHHQM `2M/ H `2@ +QMbi`m+iBQM /B{+BH2X *Ƕ2bi TQm`[mQB H +QMM Bbb M+2 /2 HǶûT Bbb2m` /2 HǶû+? MiBHHQM +Q``2bTQM/ Mi mt BK ;2b /2 7` M;2b /2 `ûb2 m 2bi mM2 BM7Q`K iBQM BKTQ`i Mi2 TQm` +QKT`2M/`2 H2b 2z2ib /2 +2b bmT2`TQbBiBQMb bm` H 7Q`K iBQM /2 H i2tim`2 k. Q#b2`@ pû2X GǶmiBHBb iBQM /2b KQ/ĕH2b iQKBbiB[m2b `û HBbûb T ` H2 G*ha }M /2 bBKmH2` H2b BK ;2b >_h1J 2bi û; H2K2Mi mM KQv2M /2 T `p2MB` ¨ +2ii2 +QKT`û?2MbBQMX. 9 8 e d 3 N Ry. G #Q` iQB`2 /2b *QKTQbBi2b h?2`KQai`m+im` mt G #Q` iQB`2 /ǶAMiû;` iBQM /m J iû`B m m avbiĕK2 *2Mi`2 /ǶúH #Q` iBQM /2b J iû`B mt 2i /Ƕúim/2b ai`m+im` H2b Ŀ*?2KB+ H o TQ` .2TQbBiBQMŀ , /ûTƬi +?BKB[m2 2M T? b2 p T2m`X Ŀ*?2KB+ H o TQ` AM}Hi` iBQMŀ , BM}Hi` iBQM +?BKB[m2 2M T? b2 p T2m`X bQ+Bûiû bTû+B HBbû2 / Mb HǶûim/2 2i H 7 #`B+ iBQM /2 KQi2m`b TQm` HǶBM/mbi`B2 û`QM miB[m2 2i bT iB H2X Ŀ>B;?@@_2bQHmiBQM h` MbKBbbBQM 1H2+i`QM JB+`Qb+QTvŀ, JB+`Qb+QTB2 ûH2+i`QMB[m2 2M i` MbKBbbBQM 2M ? mi2 `ûbQHmiBQMX. Ry Ry. AMi`Q/m+iBQM.
(13) m i` p2`b /m i` p BH /2 +2ii2 i?ĕb2- H2 *1J1a p Bi H `2bTQMb #BHBiû /ǶmM2 T `i- /2 7Qm`MB` H2b BK ;2b >_h1J T2`K2ii Mi /2 +QMbi`mB`2 H2 KQ/ĕH2 iQKB[m2 2i /Ƕ mi`2 T `i- /2 i`Qmp2` /2b BM/B+ i2m`b [m MiBi iB7b /2 /2b+`BTiBQM /2b Tv`Q+ `#QM2bX AH T2mi bǶ TTmv2` TQm` +2H bm` THmbB2m`b i2+?MB[m2b +QKTHûK2Mi B`2b- [m2 bQMi H bT2+i`Q@ b+QTB2 _ K M- b2MbB#H2 mt KQ/B}+ iBQMb /2 H bi`m+im`2 ûH2+i`QMB[m2 2i H2b /Bzû`2Mib KQ/2b /2 H KB+`Qb+QTB2 ûH2+i`QMB[m2 ¨ i` MbKBbbBQM [m2 bQMi H /Bz` +iBQM- H2 7QM/ MQB`- H ? mi2 `ûbQHmiBQM- H K2bm`2 /2 TB+ TH bKQM T ` bT2+i`Qb+QTB2 /2 T2`i2 /ǶûM2`@ ;B2 /2b ûH2+i`QMb U11GaVX 1M 2z2i- H2 *1J1a TQbbĕ/2 mM2 HQM;m2 i` /BiBQM /2 H KB+`Qb+QTB2 ûH2+i`QMB[m2 7 Bb Mi /2 HmB mM T `i2M B`2 /Ƕ2tTû`B2M+2 / Mb +2 /QK BM2X G2 H #Q` iQB`2 TQbbĕ/2 ¨ +2 iBi`2 mM ;` M/ MQK#`2 /2 KB+`Qb+QT2b /QMi +2`i BMb bQMi û[mBTûb /ǶmM +Q``2+i2m` /Ƕ #2`` iBQM bT?û`B[m2 ě ; ` MiBbb Mi mM2 BK ;2 T2m BM~m2M+û2 T ` HǶ #2`` iBQM H THmb +QMi` B;M Mi2 /2 +2ii2 i2+?MB[m2 ě Qm /ǶmM bT2+@ i`QKĕi`2 TQm` 7 B`2 /2 H bT2+i`Qb+QTB2 /2 T2`i2 /ǶûM2`;B2 /2b ûH2+i`QMb- pQB`2 /2b /2mtX G2 *1J1a TQbbĕ/2 û; H2K2Mi mM T `+ /2 bT2+i`QKĕi`2b _ K M +Qmp` Mi iQmi H2 bT2+i`2 HH Mi /2 HǶlHi` @@pBQH2i ¨ HǶAM7` @@`Qm;2 +2 [mB HmB T2`K2i /Ƕ2tTHQ`2` /2 K @ MBĕ`2 2t? mbiBp2 H2 +QKTQ`i2K2Mi _ K M /2b K iû`B mt p2+ HǶûM2`;B2 /Ƕ2t+Bi iBQMX 1M +QKTHûK2Mi /2 +2b /2mt T`BM+BT H2b i2+?MB[m2b- 2i / Mb H2 + /`2 /2b #2bQBMb /2 +2 i` p BH- H2 H #Q` iQB`2 2bi û; H2K2Mi û[mBTû TQm` 2z2+im2` /2 H /Bz` +iBQM /2b ` vQMb s +H bbB[m2 Qm /m qsaRRX *2 KûKQB`2 2bi /û+QmTû 2M [m i`2 T `iB2bX . Mb H T `iB2 R- MQmb /û+`BpQMb H2b K iû`B mt ûim/BûbX AH bǶ ;Bi /2b Tv`Q+ `#QM2b ûH #Q`ûb T ` H2 G*ha- K iû`B mt ûi Mi /ǶmM2 ;` M/2 miBHBb iBQM BM/mbi`B2HH2- MQi KK2Mi / Mb HǶBM/mbi`B2 û`QM miB[m2 2i bT iB H2X AHb bQMi +QKTHûiûb T ` /Ƕ mi`2b K iû`B mt + `#QMûb [m2 bQMi /2b + `#Q@ MBb ib /2 /Bzû`2Mib T`û+m`b2m`b [m2 bQMi /2b +QF2b /Ƕ Mi?` +ĕM2 2i /2 #` B miBHBbûb +QKK2 `û7û`2M+2X *2b bû`B2b QMi ûiû ûH #Q`û2b T ` H aQ+Bûiû J1_a1L- ¨ HǶûTQ[m2 Qɍ 2HH2 bǶ TT2H Bi 2M+Q`2 G2 * `#QM2 GQ`` BM2- TQm` H2b #2bQBMb 2M `û7û`2M+2b /m :`QmT2 6` MÏ Bb /Ƕúim/2 /2b * `#QM2b U:61*VX *2b bû`B2b bQMi /QM+ ûim/Bû2b /2@ TmBb /2 MQK#`2mb2b MMû2b T ` H2b H #Q` iQB`2b K2K#`2b /m :61*- +2 [mB 2M 7 Bi /2b K iû`B mt v Mi /ûD¨ #ûMû}+Bû /2 THmbB2m`b ûim/2b T ` /2b i2+?MB[m2b /Bp2`b2bX G T `iB2 k KQMi`2 H2b Kû+ MBbK2b /2 + `#QMBb iBQM /2 ivT2 Mi?` +ĕM2 2i #` B- 2i K2i 2M p Mi H2b /Bzû`2M+2b [mǶBH T2mi v pQB` p2+ H2b Tv`Q+ `#QM2b / Mb H2b T`Q@ +2bbmb T?vbB+Q+?BKB[m2b [mB T`ûbB/2Mi ¨ H +QMbi`m+iBQM /m K iû`B m ;` T?ûMB[m2 K bbB7 2i /2 + `#QM2 Tm`X *2ii2 T `iB2 /QMM2 HǶQ++ bBQM /ǶBMi`Q/mB`2 H2b MQiBQMb /2 `ûb2 m `û+BT`Q[m2 2i /2 /Bz` +iBQM /2b ` vQMb s [mB b2`QMi miBH2b ¨ H +QKT`û?2MbBQM /2b `ûbmHi ib /2 H /Bz` +iBQM ûH2+i`QMB[m2 2i /m 7QM/ MQB` 2i /2 H Kûi?Q/QHQ;B2 bbQ+Bû2 [mB b2`QMi /û+`Bib / Mb mM2 T `iB2 bmBp Mi2X G T `iB2 bm` H + `#QMBb iBQM b2` û; H2K2Mi BHHmbi`û2 T ` [m2H[m2b `ûbmHi ib /2 K2bm`2b qsa 2z2+imû2b bm` H2b +QF2b /Ƕ Mi?` +ĕM2 /QMi H [m MiBiû [m2 MQmb pBQMb ¨ /BbTQbBiBQM M2 T2`K2ii Bi T b /Ƕ2z2+im2` /2b K2bm`2b T ` /Bz` +iBQM /2b ` vQMb s +H bbB[m2X RR. qB/2@@M;H2 s@@` v a+ ii2`BM;, /BzmbBQM /2b ` vQMb s mt ;` M/b M;H2b. AMi`Q/m+iBQM. RR RR.
(14) G T `iB2 j 2bi +QMb +`û2 mt `ûbmHi ib /2 H bT2+i`Qb+QTB2 _ K M- [mB ûiû miBHBbû2 /2 7 ÏQM 2t? mbiBp2X *2H ûiû HǶQ++ bBQM /2 i2bi2` H p HB/Biû /2 H HQB /2 hmBMbi` 2i EQ2MB; (9) Ŀ `û+2KK2Mi ŀ ûi2M/m2 T ` * MÏ /Q 2i HX (8) ¨ /Ƕ mi`2b HQM;m2m`b /ǶQM/2 [m2 933 MK 2i [mB T2`K2i /2 /QMM2` mM2 i BHH2 KQv2MM2 /2 +`Bbi HHBi2 ¨ T `@ iB` /m bT2+i`2 _ K M m T`2KB2` Q`/`2X }M /2 +QKTHûi2` MQi`2 û+? MiBHHQMM ;2 / Mb H2 /QK BM2 /2b + `#QM2b ¨ 7 B#H2b i BHH2b /2 +`Bbi HHBi2- 2i Dm;2` /2 H ;ûMû` HBiû /2 +2`i BM2b Q#b2`p iBQMb pBb ¨ pBb /2 H p `B #BHBiû /m T`û+m`b2m`- /2b T`Q+2bbmb /2 + `#QMBb iBQM- 2i /2b i BHH2b /2 +`Bbi HHBi2- MQmb pQMb 2z2+imû /2b K2bm`2b +QKTHû@ K2Mi B`2b p2+ H bû`B2 /2 +QF2b /2 #` B i` Biû2 i?2`KB[m2K2Mi 2i [mB T`ûb2Mi2 /2b i BHH2b /2 +`Bbi HHBi2 +`QBbb Mi2b p2+ H i2KTû` im`2 /m i` Bi2K2MiX G T `iB2 9 ` TTQ`i2 H /2b+`BTiBQM /2b Tv`Q+ `#QM2b ¨ /Bzû`2Mi2b û+?2HH2b ;`+2 ¨ HǶ TTQ`i /2 H KB+`Qb+QTB2 ûH2+i`QMB[m2 ¨ i` MbKBbbBQM , iQmi /Ƕ #Q`/ H /2b+`BTiBQM /2 H bi`m+im`2 p2+ H /Bz` +iBQM ûH2+i`QMB[m2- BMbB [m2 /ǶmM2 T`2KBĕ`2 TT`Q+?2 [m MiBi iBp2 /2 H i2tim`2 U MBbQi`QTB2V ¨ HǶû+?2HH2 KB+`QKûii`B[m2- TmBb H /2b+`BTiBQM THmb /ûi BHHû2 Dmb[mǶ¨ mM2 û+?2HH2 bm#@KB+`QKûi`B[m2 /2 H i2tim`2 p2+ H2 7QM/ MQB` 2i H /2b+`BTiBQM /2 H M MQi2tim`2 p2+ HǶmb ;2 /2 H ? mi2 `ûbQHmiBQM [mB /QMM2 ++ĕb mt 7` M;2b /2 `ûb2 mX LQmb i2`KBM2`QMb T ` mM2 ûim/2 /2b ûM2`;B2b /2b TB+b /2 TH bKQMb /ûi2`KBMû2b T ` bT2+i`Qb+QTB2 /2 T2`i2 /ǶûM2`;B2 /2b ûH2+i`QMb U11GaVX 1M}M- / Mb H +QM+HmbBQM- MQmb `û+ TBimHQMb HǶ2Mb2K#H2 /2b `ûbmHi ib [m2 H2 i` p BH /2 +2ii2 i?ĕb2 TTQ`iûX. Rk Rk.
(15) S_hA1 R. ú+? MiBHHQMb. Rj Rj.
(16)
(17) ú+? MiBHHQMb. RXR :ûMû` HBiûb bm` H2b Tv`Q+ `#QM2b G2b Tv`Q+ `#QM2b bQMi /2b K iû`B mt v Mi mM BMiû`āi BM/mbi`B2H /2TmBb 7Q`i HQM;@ i2KTbX 1M 2z2i- BHb QMi /2b T`QT`Bûiûb /2 `ûbBbi M+2 ¨ H +? H2m` i2HH2b [mǶBHb bQMi 2KTHQvûb / Mb HǶBM/mbi`B2 û`QbT iB H2 2M i Mi [m2 +QKTQbBi2b Qm `2pāi2K2Mi /2b +QHb 2i /Bp2`;2Mib /2 imvĕ`2b UT ` 2t2KTH2- +2mt /2 H 7mbû2 `B M2 oV- /2b #Qm+HB2`b i?2`KB[m2b TQm` H2b `2Mi`û2b iKQbT?û`B[m2b- H2b imBH2b /2 T`Qi2+iBQM /2b hQF K Fb / Mb H2 + /`2 /2 H 7mbBQM Mm+Hû B`2 Qm 2M+Q`2 bm` /2b TBĕ+2b /2 7Qm`b ¨ i`ĕb ? mi2 i2KTû` im`2X bbQ+Bû ¨ mM2 ;` M/2 `ûbBbi M+2 Kû+ MB[m2- BHb bQMi miBHBbûb 2M i Mi [m2 K i`B+2b +QKTQbBi2b Ŀ iQmi + `#QM2 ŀ TQm` H2b /Bb[m2b /2 7`2BM /2b pBQMb 2i /2b 6Q`KmH2b RX 1M}M- ûi Mi mM K iû`B m #BQ@@+QKT iB#H2- BH 2bi 2KTHQvû / Mb H2 `2pāi2K2Mi /2 p Hp2b + `/B [m2b 2i mi`2b T`Qi?ĕb2b /2 ;2MQmtX m /2H¨ /2 H2m` BMiû`āi BM/mbi`B2H- BHb T`ûb2Mi2Mi mM BMiû`āi b+B2MiB}[m2 + ` H2m`b +QM/BiBQMb /2 7 #`B+ iBQM 2M 7QMi mM K iû`B m M2 +QMi2M Mi T b /Ƕ?ûiû`Q@@ iQK2b U?Q`KBb /2 HǶ?v/`Q;ĕM2V +2 [mB T2`K2i /Ƕûim/B2` HǶûpQHmiBQM /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû 2M û+ `i Mi iQmi2 +QMi`B#miBQM +?BKB[m2X G2b Tv`Q+ `#QM2b bQMi i`ĕb bBKBH B`2b m ;` T?Bi2 , BH bǶ ;Bi / Mb H2b /2mt + b /ǶmM 2KTBH2K2Mi /2 ;` T?ĕM2bX G /Bzû`2M+2 T`QpB2Mi /2b `2H iBQMb 2tBbi Mi 2Mi`2 +2b ;` T?ĕM2b , HǶ2KTBH2K2Mi 2bi T `7 Bi2K2Mi Q`/QMMû / Mb H2 + b /m ;` T?Bi2 2i MQM / Mb H2 + b /m Tv`Q+ `#QM2 Ub m7 + b T `iB+mHB2` +QKK2 H2 >PS:VX *2T2M/ Mi- +2 MǶ2bi T b +2+B [mB 2bi ¨ HǶQ`B;BM2 /2b /Bzû`2M+2b /2 +QKTQ`i2K2Mib i?2`KB[m2b- Kû+ @ MB[m2b 2i +QM/m+i2m`b 2Mi`2 +2b /2mt K iû`B mt- K Bb H2b /û7 mib / Mb H bi`m+im`2 ?2t ;QM H2- H DQBMim`2 2Mi`2 H2b /QK BM2b /Ƕ2KTBH2K2Mi 2i H2m`b i BHH2bX *2 bQMi +2b T ` Kĕi`2b [m2 MQmb +?2`+?QMb ¨ B/2MiB}2`X h`QBb ivT2b /2 Tv`Q+ `#QM2b QMi ûiû ûim/Bûb / Mb +2ii2 i?ĕb2 , mM G KBM B`2 GBbb2 #`û;û 2M GG- mM G KBM B`2 _m;m2mt #`û;û 2M G_ 2i mM G KBM B`2 _û;ûMû`û #`û;û 2M G_2X G2b i2`K2b Ŀ H KBM B`2 ŀ +QKK2 Ŀ `m;m2mt ŀ 2i Ŀ HBbb2 ŀ pB2MM2Mi /2 HǶ bT2+i /m K iû`B m Q#b2`pû 2M +QmT2b i` Mbp2`b H2b TQHB2b T ` KB+`Qb+QTB2 QTiB[m2 2M HmKBĕ`2 TQH `Bbû2X G2 i2`K2 Ŀ `û;ûMû`û ŀ pB2Mi [m Mi ¨ HmB /2 H T`ûb2M+2 /2 T2iBib +ƬM2b /2 +`QBbb M+2 bm` iQmi2 HǶûT Bbb2m` /m /ûTƬi [mB M2 bQMi Q#b2`p #H2b [mǶ2M 7QM/ MQB` pQB` MQM Q#b2`p #H2b / Mb +2`i BMb + b(e)X G2 MQK Ŀ Tv`Q+ `#QM2 ŀ- [mB 2bi H +QMi` +iBQM /2 Ŀ + `#QM2 Tv`QHviB[m2 ŀ- MǶ2bi T b HBû ¨ H +QKTQbBiBQM Qm mt T`QT`Bûiûb /m K iû`B m- K Bb ¨ bQM T`Q+û/û /2 7 #`B@ + iBQM , H Tv`QHvb2 /ǶmM ?v/`Q+ `#m`2 @ ;ûMû` H2K2Mi ; x2mt @ +QKK2 H2 T`QT M2 bmBpBi /2 H +QM/2Mb iBQM /m T`Q/mBi /2 +` [m ;2 bm` mM bm#bi` iX . Mb +2`i BM2b +QM/BiBQMb /2 i2KTû` im`2 2i /2 T`2bbBQM- H2 K iû`B m Q#i2Mm 2bi mM KQMQ+`Bbi H /2 ;` T?Bi2 /2 ;` M/2b /BK2MbBQMb TT2Hû >B;?Hv P`/2`2/ Sv`QHviB+ :` T?Bi2 THmb +QKKmMûK2Mi TT2Hû >PS:X LQmb HHQMb pQB` / Mb H2 T ` ;` T?2 bmBp Mi +QKK2Mi MQb û+? MiBHHQMb QMi ûiû ûH #Q`ûbX. RXR :ûMû` HBiûb bm` H2b Tv`Q+ `#QM2b. R8 R8.
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(19) ú+? MiBHHQMb. RXk úH #Q` iBQM /2b Tv`Q+ `#QM2b G_- GG 2i G_2 G2b û+? MiBHHQMb /2 Tv`Q+ `#QM2b G_ 2i GG bQMi /2mt K iû`B mt [mB QMi ûiû ûH #Q`ûb / Mb /2b +QM/BiBQMb i`ĕb bBKBH B`2bX 1M 2z2i- /2mt im#2b /2 [m `ix QMi ûiû TH +ûb T2M/ Mi mM2 b2K BM2 / Mb mM 7Qm` BM/mbi`B2H Qɍ ûiû /Bzmbû mM KûH M;2 /2 N8W /2 Kûi? M2 2i 8W /2 T`QT M2X G /Bzû`2M+2 2Mi`2 H2b /2mt ivT2b /2 K iû`B m pB2Mi /m 7 Bi [m2 H2 G_ ûiû Q#i2Mm T ` BM}Hi` iBQM 2M #Qm+? Mi H2 im#2 ¨ b2b /2mt 2ti`ûKBiûb p2+ mM2 T`û7Q`K2 2M 72mi`2 /2 + `#QM2 i M/Bb [m2 H2 im#2 /m GG 2bi `2biû Qmp2`iX SQm` /2b ` BbQMb /2 b2+`2i BM/mbi`B2H- MQmb M2 /BbTQbQMb T b /Ƕ mi`2b BM7Q`K iBQMb bm` H2b +QM/BiBQMb /ǶQ#i2MiBQMX G2 G_2 [m Mi ¨ HmB ûiû ûH #Q`û m G*ha /2 "Q`/2 mt p2+ RyyW /2 T`QT M2 +? mzû ¨ Ry8y ê*X G2 /ûTƬi bǶ2bi 7Q`Kû miQm` /2b }#`2b /ǶmM iBbbm /2 bBHB+2 +2 [mB 2M 7 Bi mM K iû`B m +QKTQbBi2 +QMi` B`2K2Mi mt G_ 2i GG /QMi H2 /ûTƬi bǶ2bi 7Q`Kû bm` H2b T `QBb /m im#2 / Mb H2[m2H BHb QMi ûiû ûH #Q`ûbX *2ii2 /Bzû`2M+2 /2 bmTTQ`i 2Mi` BM2 mM2 /Bzû`2M+2 / Mb H 7Q`K2 /m /ûTƬi , i M/Bb [m2 H2b /ûTƬib /2b G_ 2i GG b2 7QMi bm` H bm`7 +2 +QM+ p2 /ǶmM +vHBM/`2 /2 ky KK /2 /B Kĕi`2- H2 /ûTƬi /m G_2 b2 7 Bi bm` H bm`7 +2 +QMp2t2 /ǶmM +vHBM/`2 /2 Ryy ƒK +2 [mB 7 Bi mM ` TTQ`i /2 kRye 2Mi`2 H2b /2mt +Qm`#m`2bX *QM+`ĕi2K2Mi- HQ`b /2 HǶQ#b2`p iBQM 2M KB+`Qb+QTB2 ûH2+i`QMB[m2 ¨ i` MbKBbbBQM H2b û+? MiBHHQMb /2 }HKb G_ 2i GG TT ` Bbb2Mi +QKK2 /2b 72mBHH2ib TH ib i M/Bb [m2 HǶû+? MiBHHQM G_2 TT ` ŗi +Qm`#ûX 1M}M- mM2 /Bzû`2M+2 MQi #H2 2Mi`2 H2b û+? MiBHHQMb G_ 2i GG 2bi [m2 H2 G_ b2 T`û@ b2Mi2 bQmb 7Q`K2 /2 KmHiBTH2b 72mBHH2ib H¨ Qɍ H2 GG 2bi KQMQ72mBHH2iX G2 G_ b2K#H2 bǶāi`2 7Q`Kû T ` H2 /û+QHH2K2Mi bm++2bbB7 /m /ûTƬi /2 H T `QBb /m im#2X § +? [m2 /û+QHH2K2Mi- mM MQmp2 m /ûTƬi bǶ2bi 7Q`Kû bm` H T `QBb /m im#2 BMbB [m2 bm` H2 72mBHH2i /û+QHHûX G2 b2Mb /2 +`QBbb M+2 /2 +? [m2 72mBHH2i /2 G_ b2K#H2 /QM+ Hi2`MûX 1M}M- mM2 bû`B2 /2 i` Bi2K2Mib i?2`KB[m2b /2 HǶû+? MiBHHQM G_2 ûiû `û HBbû2 bQmb iKQbT?ĕ`2 BM2`i2 2M miQ+H p2 ¨ /2b i2KTû` im`2b /2 Rjyy- R8yy- Rdyy 2i kRyy ê*+2+B T`ĕb pQB` /BbbQmi H2 iBbbm /2 bBHB+2 ¨ HǶ +B/2 ~mQ`?v/`B[m2X. RXk úH #Q` iBQM /2b Tv`Q+ `#QM2b G_- GG 2i G_2. Rd Rd.
(20)
(21) ú+? MiBHHQMb. RXj úH #Q` iBQM /2b +QF2b >Q`KBb H2b Tv`Q+ `#QM2b- MQi`2 i` p BH bǶ2bi TQ`iû bm` mM2 bû`B2 /2 +QF2b /Ƕ Mi?` +ĕM2 2i /2 #` B /2 ?QmBHH2 i` Biûb i?2`KB[m2K2MiX lM #` B 2bi mM `ûbB/m /2 /BbiBHH iBQM /ǶmM T`û+m`b2m` + `#QMû +QKK2 H2 Tûi`QH2 Qm H2 ;Qm/`QM /2 ?QmBHH2X *2 T`û+m`b2m` 2bi 2M7Qm`Mû / Mb mM 7Qm` /2 +QF2`B2 2i +? mzû TQm` [m2 H2b ûHûK2Mib pQH iBHb bQB2Mi `û+mTû`ûb T`ĕb +QM/2Mb iBQMX *2 +QM/2Mb i 2bi mM ;Qm/`QM +? `;û /ǶBKTm`2iûb [mB p HQ`b āi`2 K im`û T ` /ûb?v/` i iBQM Dmb[mǶ HǶQ#i2MiBQM /ǶmM2 K iBĕ`2 bQHB/2 2i + bb Mi2 [mǶQM TT2HH2 mM Ŀ #` B ŀX "B2M [m2 bQHB/2- H2 #` B- HQ`b[mǶBH 2bi +? mzû- b2 ` KQHHBi Dmb[mǶ¨ /2p2MB` HB[mB/2X *Ƕ2bi H + `#QMBb iBQM /2 +2 #` B HB[mB/2 T ` i` Bi2K2Mi i?2`KB[m2 2M iKQbT?ĕ`2 BM2`i2- [mB +QM/mBi ¨ H 7Q`K iBQM /ǶmM +QF2X G T`BM+BT H2 miBHBb iBQM /2b +QF2b 2bi H bB/û`m`;B2 Qɍ BH b2`i ¨ `û/mB`2 H2 KBM2` B /2 72`X 1M 7QM+iBQM /2 b ;` T?Bi #BHBiû- [mB p `B2 2M 7QM+iBQM /2 H +QKTQbBiBQM +?BKB[m2 /m #` B T`û+m`b2m`- H2 +QF2 T2mi û; H2K2Mi āi`2 mM +QMbiBim Mi T `iB+mH B`2 /ǶûH2+i`Q/2b BM/mbi`B2HH2bX G2b +QF2b /Ƕ Mi?` +ĕM2 bQMi- /2 KāK2- Bbbmb /2 H + `#QMBb iBQM /ǶmM T`û+m`b2m` Q`; MB[m2- K Bb bBKTH2 2i +?BKB[m2K2Mi B/2MiB}û U*R9>RyV +QMi` B`2K2Mi mt #` Bb- 2i p TQ`Bb #H2X SQm` +2ii2 /2`MBĕ`2 ` BbQM- H + `#QMBb iBQM /QBi b2 7 B`2 bQmb T`2bbBQMX G2b +QF2b ¨ MQi`2 /BbTQbBiBQM bQMi T`ûb2Miûb bQmb 7Q`K2 /2 TQm/`2b [mB QMi ûiû +? mzû2b bQmb iKQbT?ĕ`2 BM2`i2 ¨ i2KTû` im`2 +`QBbb Mi2 /2 Ryyy ¨ k8yy ê* +QM/mB@ b Mi ¨ HǶûHBKBM iBQM T`Q;`2bbBp2 /2b /2`MBĕ`2b BKTm`2iûb 2i H ;` T?Bi iBQM T`Q;`2bbBp2 /2b +QF2b m /2H¨ /2 kyyy ê*X. RXj úH #Q` iBQM /2b +QF2b. RN RN.
(22)
(23) S_hA1 k. *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi , 2t2KTH2 p2+ mM2 bû`B2 /2 +QF2b /Ƕ Mi?` +ĕM2 2i mM2 bû`B2 /2 +QF2b /2 #` B. kR kR.
(24)
(25) *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi. kXR JBb2 2M TH +2 /2b /QK BM2b +Q?û@ `2Mib- BHHmbi` iBQM T ` H2b +QF2b /Ƕ M@ i?` +ĕM2 ¨ # bb2b i2KTû` im`2b pmb T ` H2 qsa . Mb mM bQHB/2- H2b iQK2b /2 + `#QM2 T2mp2Mi 7Q`K2` 2Mi`2 2mt /2mt ivT2b /2 HB BbQMbRk , H2b HB BbQMb bTk 2i H2b HB BbQMb bTjX *2b /2mt ivT2b /2 HB BbQMb bQMi H2 7`mBi /2 HǶ?v#`B/ iBQM /2b Q`#Bi H2b b 2i TX *QM+`ĕi2K2Mi- +2H b2 i` /mBi T ` /2b HB BbQMb /ǶmM2 HQM;m2m` /2 R-9k ³ 7Q`K Mi mM M;H2 /2 Rkyê / Mb H2 TH M TQm` H2b HB BbQMb bTk 2i /2b HB BbQMb /2 R-89 ³ 7Q`K Mi mM iûi` ĕ/`2 p2+ /2b M;H2b /2 RyNX8ê TQm` H2b HB BbQMb bTjX lM bQHB/2 MǶ v Mi [m2 /2b HB BbQMb bTk b2` mM bQHB/2 /2 ivT2 ;` T?BiB[m2 HQ`b [mǶmM bQHB/2 MǶ v Mi [m2 /2b HB BbQMb bTj b2` mM bQHB/2 /2 ivT2 /B K MiX LQmb HHQMb MQmb BMiû`2bb2` ¨ H + `#QMBb iBQM TmBb H ;` T?Bi iBQM /ǶmM T`û+m`b2m` + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi ¨ i2KTû` im`2 +`QBbb Mi2X m /û#mi /2 bQM i` Bi2K2Mi i?2`KB[m2- H2 T`û+m`b2m` mM2 bi`m+im`2 `2H iBp2K2Mi /ûbQ`/QMMû2 /m TQBMi /2 pm2 +`Bbi HHQ;` T?B[m2- K Bb BH +QMiB2Mi /ûD¨ /2b +v+H2b `QK iB[m2b /m 7 Bi /ǶmM2 T`QTQ`iBQM +`QBbb Mi2 /2 HB BbQMb bTkX 1M 2z2i- H 7QM+@ iBQM /2 /Bbi`B#miBQM ` /B H2 Q#i2Mm2 T`ĕb i` Bi2K2Mi /2 K2bm`2b qsaRj ii2bi2 +H B`2K2Mi H T`ûb2M+2 /ǶmM ;` M/ MQK#`2 /2 HB BbQMb v Mi mM2 HQM;m2m` /2 R-9k ³ U};m`2 kXRXRV- HǶ bbQ+B iBQM /2 bBt iQK2b /2 + `#QM2 v Mi +2ii2 ?v#`B/ iBQM 7Q`K2 HQ`b mM +v+H2 `QK iB[m2 2M 7Q`K2 /Ƕ?2t ;QM2X *2b +v+H2b `QK iB[m2b bǶ bbQ+B2Mi 2M /QK BM2b TQHv `QK iB[m2b THmb H `;2b [mB i@ i2B;M2Mi /2b /BK2MbBQMb /2 HǶQ`/`2 /2 R MK- bQBi ¨ T2BM2 THmb ;` M/2b [m2 /2 +2HH2b /2 H KQHû+mH2 /2 +Q`QMĕM2 ě +Ƕ2bi ¨ /B`2 bBt +v+H2b miQm` /ǶmM b2TiBĕK2 +v+H2 +2Mi` HX *2b /QK BM2b bQMi H # b2 /ǶmM 7mim` 72mBHH2i /2 bi`m+im`2 ?2t ;QM H2 [mǶQM TT2HH2 ;` T?ĕM2X oQ`T ;2H 2i G pBM (3) QMi KQMi`û [mǶ¨ T `iB` /ǶmM2 i BHH2 +Q``2bTQM/ Mi ¨ +2HH2 /2 +2ii2 KQHû+mH2- +2b 7mim`b 72mBHH2ib QMi iQmi BMiû`āi i?2`KQ/vM KB[m2K2Mi ¨ bǶ2KTBH2` H2b mMb m /2bbmb /2b mi`2bX *2 ivT2 /Ƕ2KTBH2K2Mib +Q``2bTQM/ ¨ +2 [mB ûiû TT2Hû T ` P#2`HBM (N) mM2 la" , mM2 lMBiû ai`m+im` H2 /2 " b2X GǶ2K@ TBH2K2Mi /2 +2b la" MǶ2bi T b +Q?û`2Mi- BH b2 7 Bi /2 K MBĕ`2 Hû iQB`2- H2b 72mBHH2ib ûi Mi /û+ Hûb- iQm`Mûb H2b mMb T ` ` TTQ`i mt mi`2b U#B2M [m2 T ` HHĕH2bV , +Ƕ2bi +2 Rk. Rj. PM M2 +QKTi2 T b B+B H2b bQHB/2b /2 ivT2 + `#vM2b 7Q`Kûb ¨ T `iB` /2 H HB BbQM bTR + ` BHb M2 7Q`K2Mi T b /2b +`Bbi mt bm{b KK2Mi ;`Qb 2i bi #H2b(d)X G HB BbQM bTR 2bi mM2 HB BbQM HBMû B`2 /2 R-kR ³ /2 HQM;m2m`X qB/2@ M;H2 s@` v a+ ii2`BM;, .BzmbBQM /2b ` vQMb s mt ;` M/b M;H2bX. kXR JBb2 2M TH +2 /2b /QK BM2b +Q?û`2Mib. kj kj.
(26) *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi. [mǶQM TT2HH2 mM 2KTBH2K2Mi im`#Qbi` iB[m2X *2i 2KTBH2K2Mi Hû iQB`2 2KTā+?2 mM ` TT`Q+?2K2Mi QTiBK H /2b /QK BM2b 2i H /Bbi M+2 2Mi`2 /2mt /QK BM2b 2KTBHûb 2bi m KBMBKmK /2 y-j99 MK 2i T2mi āi`2 #2 m+QmT THmb ;` M/X G 7Q`K iBQM /2 +2b la" 2i H2m` BKKQ#BHBb iBQM / Mb mM ûi i bQHB/2 /û}MBiB7 K `[m2 H }M /2 +2 [mǶQM TT2HH2 H + `#QMBb iBQM T`BK B`2 ě p2`b 98y@88y ê* 2M 7QM+iBQM /2b T`û+m`b2m`bX *2b la" bQMi bb2K#Hû2b 2M /QK BM2b Qɍ 2HH2b T`ûb2Mi2Mi H KāK2 Q`B2Mi iBQM ;ûMû` H2 ě /QK BM2b MBbQi`QT2b ě /Ƕ2ti2MbBQM p `B Mi /2 M MQKûi`B[m2 ¨ KB+`QKûi`B[m2 2M 7QM+iBQM /2b + ` +iû`BbiB[m2b /2 TH biB+Biû [mǶ +QMMm2b H2 T`û+m`b2m` m +Qm`b /2 +2ii2 T`2KBĕ`2 ûi T2 2i [mB /ûT2M/ ûi`QBi2K2Mi /2 b +QKTQbBiBQM +?BKB[m2X 1M 2z2i- THmb BH 2bi ?v/`Q;ûMû- THmb BH m` ûiû ~mB/2- THmb H2b /QK BM2b MBbQi`QT2b `ûbmHi Mib bQMi ;` M/b 2i THmb BH b2` ;` T?Bi #H2X GǶBMi2MbBiû /Bzmbû2 T ` mM û+? MiBHHQM- i2HH2 [m2 HǶ BMi`Q/mBi .2#v2 2M RNR8- p mi Ӿ ֽ Qɍ Ԇ ]ֽ] ᅵ TJO ᅭᅱ 2bi H2 KQ/mH2 /m p2+i2m` /ǶQM/2 /Bz` +iûX GǶBMi2MbBiû +QKT`2M/ /2mt +QMi`B#miBQMb- HǶ miQ/BzmbBQM 2i H 7QM+iBQM /ǶBMi2`7û`2M+2X ԃ. ԃ. Ӿ ֽ ԕԙ ԕԚਗ਼ ਖFYQ ॐԘֽ ਼ ׀ԙ ਲ ׀Ԛ ॑ਗ. (kXR). ԙ Ԛ ԃ. ਏ 2bi H KQv2MM2 i2KTQ`2HH2- ԕ H2 7 +i2m` /2 bi`m+im`2 /2 HǶ iQK2 +QMbB/û`û 2i ׀b TQbBiBQMX }M /2 + ` +iû`Bb2` H 7QM+iBQM /ǶBMi2`7û`2M+2- MQmb /û}MBbbQMb H 7QM+iBQM /2 bi`m+im`2 /2 /BzmbBQM bi iB[m2 iQi H2 Ԉ Ԇ T ` , Ԉ Ԇ ਲ . . Ӿ Ԇ. . ԃ ॼ௯ԙ ԕԙ ॽ. ਲ. ௯ԙ ੰԕԙ ੰ. . (kXk). ॼ௯ԙ ԕԙ ॽ. 1i }M H2K2Mi- MQmb #QmiBbbQMb ¨ H 7QM+iBQM /2 /Bbi`B#miBQM ` /B H2 Qm 7QM+iBQM /2 /Bbi`B#miBQM /2 T B`2b `û/mBi2 Ӽ ԡ , . Ӽ ԡ ௲ Ԇ <Ԉ Ԇ ਲ > TJO Ԇ ԡ ԓԆ ᅵ. (kXj). . G 7QM+iBQM /2 /Bbi`B#miBQM ` /B H2 `û/mBi2- TT2Hû2 7QM+iBQM /2 /Bbi`B#miBQM ` @ /B H2 T ` #mb /2 H M; ;2 U2t2KTH2 p2+ H };m`2 kXRXRV- `2T`ûb2Mi2 HǶû+ `i ¨ H T`Q# #BHBiû KQv2MM2 TQm` [m2 /2mt iQK2b bQB2Mi bûT `ûb T ` mM2 /Bbi M+2 ԡ , aB QM +QMbB/ĕ`2 mM bQHB/2 v Mi mM2 /2MbBiû KQv2MM2 /Ƕ iQK2b ᅶ T ` mMBiû /2 pQHmK2- H T`Q# #BHBiû /2 i`Qmp2` mM iQK2 ¨ mM2 /Bbi M+2 ԡ /ǶmM mi`2- 2bi û; H2 ¨ +2ii2 /2MbBiû ᅶ KmHiBTHBû2 T ` H2 pQHmK2 /2 HǶ2Mp2HQTT2 ûHûK2Mi B`2 /ǶmM2 bT?ĕ`2 /2 ` vQM ԡ +2Mi`û2 bm` H2 T`2KB2` iQK2 Uᅵԡ ԓԡVX *2ii2 T`Q# #BHBiû 2M 7QM+iBQM /2 ԡ 7Q`K2 /QM+ mM T ` #QH2X. k9 k9. kXR JBb2 2M TH +2 /2b /QK BM2b +Q?û`2Mib.
(27) *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi. . Mb mM bQHB/2- H2b iQK2b b2 i`Qmp2Mi ¨ /2b TQbBiBQMb #B2M /û}MB2b +2 [mB TQm` +QMbû[m2M+2 /2 KQ/mH2` +2ii2 T ` #QH2X G 7QM+iBQM /2 /Bbi`B#miBQM ` /B H2 iQi H2 +Q``2bTQM/ ¨ +2ii2 T ` #QH2 KQ/mHû2X 1tTû`BK2Mi H2K2Mi- QM Q#iB2Mi /B`2+i2K2Mi H 7QM+iBQM /2 /Bbi`B#miBQM ` /B H2 `û/mBi2 [mB Qb+BHH2 miQm` /2 xû`QX GQ`b[mǶQM `2; `/2 H };m`2 kXRXR- [mB `2T`ûb2Mi2 H 7QM+iBQM /2 /Bbi`B#miBQM ` /B H2 /ǶmM +QF2 /Ƕ Mi?` +ĕM2 i` Biû ¨ 9yy- 8Ry 2i Nyy ê*- QM pQBi mM2 ûpQHmiBQM /2 +2`i BMb TB+b bb2x K H /û}MBb ¨ 9yy ê* [mB b2 bûT `2Mi 2M /2 MQmp2 mt TB+b THmb }Mb p2+ H2 i` Bi2K2Mi i?2`KB[m2X *2 +QKTQ`i2K2Mi KQMi`2 [mǶ m /ûT `i- BH v mM2 +2`i BM2 Q`@ ; MBb iBQM Tû`BQ/B[m2 /2b iQK2b- K Bb [m2 H2m`b TQbBiBQMb M2 bQMi T b T `7 Bi2K2Mi #B2M /û}MB2b c m +Qm`b /m i` Bi2K2Mi i?2`KB[m2- +2b iQK2b #Qm;2Mi TQm` T`2M/`2 H2m`b TH +2b /û}MBiBp2bX :HQ# H2K2Mi- H2 MQK#`2 /Ƕ iQK2b M2 +? M;2 T b- b2mH2 H2m` `ûT `iBiBQM 2bi KQ/B}û2 /QM+ H [m MiBiû /Ƕ iQK2b [mB 2bi / Mb H2 TB+ /2 /ûT `i b2 `2i`Qmp2 `ûT `iB2 / Mb H2b TB+b [mB TT ` Bbb2Mi ¨ i2KTû` im`2 THmb ? mi2X. 400 400 °C 510 °C 900 °C. 300. G(r) (unit« arbitraire). 200. 100. 0. −100. −200. −300. −400 0.0. 0.5. 1.0. 1.5. 2.0. 2.5. r (nm). 6B;m`2 kXRXR 6QM+iBQM /2 /Bbi`B#miBQM ` /B H2 U_.6V TQm` /2b +QF2b /Ƕ Mi?` +ĕM2 i` Biûb i?2`KB[m2K2Mi ¨ 9yy ê*- 8Ry ê* 2i Nyy ê*X G2 T`2KB2` TB+ 2bi mM `iû7 +i /2 + H+mH- H2b xQM2b ;`Bbû2b BM/B[m2Mi H2b TB+b [mB TT ` Bbb2Mi ¨ Nyy ê*X m /2H¨ /2 H + `#QMBb iBQM T`BK B`2 b2 bBim2 H2 /QK BM2 /2 H + `#QMBb iBQM b2@ +QM/ B`2- m +Qm`b /m[m2H H2b la" pQMi T`Q;`2bbBp2K2Mi bǶ bbQ+B2` #Q`/@¨@#Q`/ 2i. kXR JBb2 2M TH +2 /2b /QK BM2b +Q?û`2Mib. k8 k8.
(28) *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi. 7 +2@¨@7 +2- T ` `û `` M;2K2Mib iQKB[m2b 2M T? b2 bQHB/2X G };m`2 kXRXk KQMi`2 H bBKmH iBQM /ǶmM2 7QM+iBQM /2 /Bbi`B#miBQM ` /B H2 /ǶmM 72mBHH2i /2 Ry +v+H2b `QK @ iB[m2b /2 +Ƭiû UஃkX8 MKV 2i H +QKT `2 ¨ +2HH2 Q#i2Mm2 2tTû`BK2Mi H2K2Mi TQm` H2 +QF2 ¨ 9yy ê*X G2b xQM2b ;`Bbû2b +Q``2bTQM/2Mi mt xQM2b Qɍ mM TB+ 2bi T`ûb2Mi / Mb H bBKmH iBQM 2i MQM / Mb H +Qm`#2 2tTû`BK2Mi H2X 1HH2b bQMi ¨ K2ii`2 2M T ` HHĕH2 p2+ H2b xQM2b ;`Bbû2b /2 H };m`2 kXRXR Qɍ +2b TB+b bQMi T`ûb2Mib mMB[m2K2Mi TQm` mM2 i2KTû` im`2 /2 Nyy ê*- BM/B[m Mi [mǶBH v 2m `ûQ`; MBb iBQM /2b iQK2b m b2BM /m 72mBHH2i 2Mi`2 +2b /2mt i2KTû` im`2bX. 400 Experimental 400°C 1 feuillet 300. G(r) (unit« arbitraire). 200. 100. 0. −100. −200. −300 0.0. 0.2. 0.4. 0.6. 0.8. 1.0. 1.2. 1.4. 1.6. r (nm). 6B;m`2 kXRXk *QKT ` BbQM 2Mi`2 H 7QM+iBQM /2 /Bbi`B#miBQM ` /B H2 2tTû`BK2M@ i H2 /m +QF2 /Ƕ Mi?` +ĕM2 i` Biû ¨ 9yy ê* 2i +2HH2 bBKmHû2 /ǶmM 72mBHH2i /2 Ry +v+H2b `QK iB[m2b /2 +ƬiûX G2b TQbBiBQMb /2b TB+b /2 H bBKmH iBQM 2i /2 H +Qm`#2 2tTû`BK2Mi H2 /m i` Bi2K2Mi ¨ Nyy ê* bQMi 2M +Q``2bTQM/ M+2 T `7 Bi2 2i MQmb TQmpQMb 2M +QM+Hm`2 [mǶ¨ +2ii2 i2K@ Tû` im`2- H2b 72mBHH2ib QMi mM2 Q`; MBb iBQM T `7 Bi2K2Mi ;` T?ûMB[m2X *QM+2`M Mi H2m` 2KTBH2K2Mi- HǶûim/2 /2 HǶBMi2MbBiû `û/mBi2 MQmb TTQ`i2 THmb /ǶBM7Q`K iBQMbX GǶBMi2MbBiû `û/mBi2 +Q``2bTQM/ ¨ H K2bm`2 qsa ¨ H [m2HH2 QM `2iB`û H2 7QM/ KQMQiQM2 /û+`QBbb MiX G };m`2 kXRXj- KQMi`2 HǶBMi2MbBiû `û/mBi2 2tTû`BK2Mi H2 /m +QF2 ¨ Nyy ê* 2i H bBKmH iBQM /ǶmM 72mBHH2iX PM +QMbi i2 [m2 H +Q``2bTQM/ M+2 2bi i`ĕb #QMM2- H b2mH2 /Bzû`2M+2 ûi Mi [m2 H2b TB+b /2b ` B2b ԛ U- 2i+XV M2 bQMi. ke ke. kXR JBb2 2M TH +2 /2b /QK BM2b +Q?û`2Mib.
(29) *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi. T`ûb2Mib [m2 bm` H +Qm`#2 2tTû`BK2Mi H2X 1M 2z2i- +2b TB+b bQMi + ` +iû`BbiB[m2b /2 HǶ2KTBH2K2Mi /2b 72mBHH2ib- BHb M2 T2mp2Mi /QM+ T b TT ` ŗi`2 / Mb H bBKmH iBQMX G2m` T`ûb2M+2 / Mb H +Qm`#2 2tTû`BK2Mi H2 2bi H T`2mp2 [m2 H2b 72mBHH2ib bǶ2KTBH2Mi H2b mMb m /2bbmb /2b mi`2X 1M `2p M+?2- HǶ #b2M+2 /2 ` B2b ԗԚԛ 2i H 7Q`K2 bvKûi`B[m2 /2b ` B2b ԗԚਲ U- 2i+XV BM/B[m2Mi [mǶBH M2 bǶ ;Bi T b /ǶmM 2KTBH2K2Mi Tû`BQ/B[m2 K Bb /ǶmM 2KTBH2K2Mi im`#Qbi` iB[m2X LQmb `2pB2M/`QMb bm` +2b + ` +iû`BbiB[m2b T ` H bmBi2X. 11. 200. Experimental 900°C 1 feuillet. 002. Intensité (Unit« arbitraire). 150. 100. 10. 20. 50. 004 0. −50. −100 0. 20. 40. 60. 80. 100. 120. 140. 160. 2μ (degr«s). 6B;m`2 kXRXj AMi2MbBiû `û/mBi2 /m +QF2 /Ƕ Mi?` +ĕM2 i` Biû ¨ Nyy ê* 2i +2HH2 bBKmHû2 /ǶmM 72mBHH2i /2 Ry +v+H2b `QK iB[m2b /2 +ƬiûX. kXR JBb2 2M TH +2 /2b /QK BM2b +Q?û`2Mib. kd kd.
(30)
(31) *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi. kXk * `#QMBb iBQM 2i ;` T?Bi iBQM /ǶmM +QF2 /2 #` B p2+ /2b `2+mBib /2 Ryyy ê* ¨ k8yy ê* SQm` TQm`bmBp`2 MQi`2 ûim/2 bm` H ;` T?Bi iBQM /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû ;` T?Bi #H2MQmb MǶ pBQMb K H?2m`2mb2K2Mi T b /2 +QF2b /Ƕ Mi?` +ĕM2 `2+mBib ¨ THmb /2 Nyy ê*X LQmb pQMb /QM+ ûim/Bû mM2 bû`B2 /2 +QF2 /2 #` B /QMi MQmb TQbbû/BQMb H2b `2+mBib /2 Ryyy ¨ ke8y ê*X LQmb pQMb 2z2+imû /2b K2bm`2b /2 i BHH2 /2 +`Bbi HHBi2 T ` /Bz` +iBQM /2b ` vQMb s BMbB [m2 /2b K2bm`2b /2 bT2+i`QK2i`B2 _ K M ¨ /Bzû`2Mi2b HQM;m2m`b /ǶQM/2b 2t+Bi i`B+2b HH Mi /2 HǶlHi` @@oBQH2i Ujyy MKV ¨ HǶAM7` @@_Qm;2 Udyy MKVX G /Bzû`2M+2 2Mi`2 H2b +QF2b /Ƕ Mi?` +ĕM2 2i H2b +QF2b /2 #` B pB2Mi /m T`û+m`b2m` miBHBbû , HQ`b [m2 H2b +QF2b /Ƕ Mi?` +ĕM2 bQMi Bbbmb /2 H Tv`QHvb2 bQmb T`2bbBQM /2 H KQHû+mH2 /Ƕ Mi?` +ĕM2 U*R9>RyV- H2b +QF2b /2 #` B bQMi Bbbmb /2 H Tv`QHvb2 /2 #` B /2 ?QmBHH2R9- HmB@KāK2 Bbbmb /2 H /BbiBHH iBQM /2 ;Qm/`QM /2 ?QmBHH2X GǶQ`B;BM2 /m T`û+m`b2m` mM2 BM~m2M+2 bm` HǶûpQHmiBQM /2 HǶû+? MiBHHQM bQmb HǶ2z2i /2b `2+mBibX G2b +QF2b Bbbmb /2 HǶ Mi?` +ĕM2 bQMi ;` T?Bi #H2b- p2+ mM 2KTBH2K2Mi T `7 Bi2K2Mi Tû`BQ/B[m2 /2b ;` T?ĕM2b ¨ H i2KTû` im`2 /2 ;` T?Bi iBQM Uk3yy ê*V i M/Bb [m2 H2b +QF2b Bbbmb /m #` B T2mp2Mi MǶāi`2 [m2 T `iB2HH2K2Mi ;` T?Bi #H2b p2+ mM 2KTBH2K2Mi Tû`BQ/B[m2 /2b ;` T?ĕM2b Qɍ /2 i2KTb ¨ mi`2 mM /û7 mi /Ƕ2KTBH2K2Mi pB2Mi #`Bb2` +2ii2 Tû`BQ/B+Biû- Qm p2+ mM KûH M;2 /2 T? b2b- /2 /2;`ûb /2 ;` T?Bi iBQM p `B #H2bX G2b +QF2b /2 #` B +QMiB2MM2Mi ¨ HǶQ`B;BM2 mM +2`i BM MQK#`2 /Ƕ?ûiû`Q iQK2b i2Hb [m2 bQm7`2- xQi2- Qtv;ĕM2 2i+X GǶûim/2 ii2MiBp2 /2 HǶûpQHmiBQM i?2`KB[m2 /2 THmbB2m`b +QF2b /2 #` Bb /2 ?QmBHH2 KQMi`û [mǶ¨ Ryyy ê* H2m` +QKTQbBiBQM +?BKB[m2 2bi ivTB@ [m2K2Mi /2 HǶQ`/`2 /2 N3W *- y@yX8W >- yXR@RWP- y@RW L- yX9@yX8W aX *2b +QMi2Mmb 2M >- P- 2i L /û+`QBbb2Mi ` TB/2K2Mi p2+ H i2KTû` im`2 /2 + `#QMBb iBQM +`QBb@ b Mi2 /2 i2HH2 bQ`i2 [mǶBH 2M `2bi2 `B2M ě Qm /2b i` +2b ě ¨ R8yy ê*X G2 +QMi2Mm 2M a- m +QMi` B`2- M2 +QKK2M+2 ¨ /û+`Qŗi`2 [mǶ¨ T `iB` /2 R8yy ê* b2mH2K2Mi- 2i mM2 T2iBi2 [m MiBiû UyXy8@yXRWV T2mi 2M+Q`2 āi`2 i`Qmpû2 ¨ kyyy ê* (Ry) (RR)X *2ii2 T? b2 Qɍ H2b ?ûiû`Q iQK2b bQMi ûHBKBMûb 2bi TT2Hû2 H T? b2 /2 + `#QMBb iBQM b2+QM/ B`2X .Ƕ mi`2 T `i- mM2 M Hvb2 [m HBi iBp2R8 T ` bT2+i`QKûi`B2 /2 ~mQ`2b+2M+2 s MQmb KQMi`û H T`ûb2M+2 /ǶBM}K2b i` +2b /2 62- *m 2i S# /QMi H THmT `i QMi /BbT `m ¨ R8yy ê* 2i m@/2H¨ /2 kyyy ê*- THmb m+mM /2 +2b iQK2b MǶQMi ûiû /ûi2+iûbX aǶBH MǶ2bi R9 R8. SQm` MQb û+? MiBHHQMbX AH 2tBbi2 û; H2K2Mi /2b +QF2b /2 #` B /2 Tûi`QH2X G K2bm`2 ûiû 2z2+imû2 T ` mM2 K +?BM2 MQM /û/Bû2 ¨ +2ii2 i2+?MB[m2- K Bb m qsaX S ` +QMbû@ [m2Mi- H2b K2bm`2b MǶQMi T b H T`û+BbBQM `2[mBb2 TQm` mM2 ûim/2 [m MiBi iBp2X .2 THmb- HǶ TT `2BH MǶ2bi b2MbB#H2b [mǶ mt iQK2b ĿHQm`/bŀX. kXk * `#QMBb iBQM 2i ;` T?Bi iBQM /ǶmM +QF2 /2 #` B. kN kN.
(32) *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi. T b TQbbB#H2 /2 /ûi2`KBM2` H [m MiBiû 2t +i2 /2 +2b iQK2b- H 7 B#H2bb2 /m bB;M H T2`K2i iQmi7QBb /Ƕ {`K2` [mǶBHb bQMi 2M [m MiBiû iQmi ¨ 7 Bi Mû;HB;2 #H2X. jy jy. kXk * `#QMBb iBQM 2i ;` T?Bi iBQM /ǶmM +QF2 /2 #` B.
(33) *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi. G bT2+i`QKûi`B2 /2 ~mQ`2b+2M+2 s 2bi mM2 i2+?MB[m2 [mB K2bm`2 HǶûM2`;B2 /2b T?QiQMb ûKBb HQ`b /2 H /ûb2t+Bi iBQM /2b iQK2b /m K iû`B m T`ĕb BQMBb iBQMX *2ii2 ûM2`;B2 2bi + ` +iû`BbiB[m2 /2 HǶûHûK2Mi BQMBbû +2 [mB T2`K2i bQM B/2MiB}+ @ iBQMX . Mb MQi`2 + b- HǶBQMBb iBQM /2b iQK2b 2bi T`Q/mBi2 T ` HǶBMi2` +iBQM /ǶmM T?QiQM s p2+ H2m`b +Q`iĕ;2b ûH2+i`QMB[m2bX .û}MB` +2 [mǶ2bi H i BHH2 /ǶmM2 +`Bbi HHBi2 2bi bmD2i ¨ /Bb+mbbBQMX 1M 2z2i- b2HQM H i2+?MB[m2 /2 + ` +iû`Bb iBQM 2KTHQvû2 BMbB [m2 bQM BMi2`T`ûi iBQM- H2 `ûbmHi i T2mi āi`2 /Bzû`2MiX G };m`2 kXkXR `ûbmK2 H bBim iBQM , ԃ 72mBHH2ib /2 ;` T?ĕM2b bQMi 2KTBHûb /2 K MBĕ`2 Q`/QMMû2 Qm im`#Qbi` iB[m2X AHb QMi mM2 HQM;m2m` ԁ K Bb M2 bQMi T b T `7 Bi2K2Mi `2+iBHB;M2b- BHb bQMi +QKTQbûb /2 KQ`+2 mt `2+iBHB;M2b /2 HQM;m2m` ԁ [mB 7Q`K2Mi mM M;H2 ᅧ 2Mi`2 2mt- H2 iQmi b Mb [mǶBH MǶv Bi /2 `û2HH2 /Bb+QMiBMmB@ iûX T`BQ`B- mM2 +`Bbi HHBi2 2bi mM 2Mb2K#H2 /2 KQiB7b b2 `ûTûi Mi Tû`BQ/B[m2K2MiX ai`B+i2K2Mi T `H Mi- H +`Bbi HHBi2 /2p` Bi /QM+ āi`2 /û}MBi T ` H2b /BK2MbBQMb ԁ 2i H HQM;m2m` 7Q`Kû2 T ` HǶ2KTBH2K2Mi /2b ;` T?ĕM2b TT2Hû2 ԁԒ X *2T2M/ Mi- H bûT @ ` iBQM 2Mi`2 H2b TQ`iBQMb `2+iBHB;M2b MǶ2bi T b 7Q`+ûK2Mi i`ĕb +H B`2 + ` BH MǶv T b /2 #`Bbm`2 M2ii2- /Ƕ mi Mi THmb bB HǶ M;H2 ᅧ 2bi 7 B#H2X PM /û}MBi ? #Bim2HH2K2Mi ԁԐ +QKK2 ûi Mi HǶû[mBp H2Mi /2 ԁ pm2 T ` H /Bz` +iBQM /2b ` vQMb s K Bb BH MǶ2bi T b +2`i BM [m2 +2b /2mt HQM;m2m`b bQB2Mi 2M T `7 Bi2 +Q``2bTQM/ M+2X § +2H bǶ DQmi2 H2 7 Bi [m2 H HQM;m2m` ԁ M2 b2` T b 7Q`+ûK2Mi H KāK2 b2HQM H2 TH M / Mb H2[m2H QM b2 TH +2 UmM 72mBHH2i 2bi mM Q#D2i #B/BK2MbBQMM2H HQ`b [m2 MQi`2 b+?ûK H2 `2T`ûb2Mi2 +QKK2 mM Q#D2i mMB/BK2MbBQMM2HV- [m2 iQmi2b H2b +`Bbi HHBi2b /m K iû`B m MǶQMi T b H KāK2 i BHH2 b Mb [m2 MQmb vQMb ++ĕb ¨ H /Bbi`B#miBQM /2 i BHH2bX GQ`b[mǶQM /û}MB mM2 i BHH2 KQv2MM2 /2 +`Bbi HHBi2 TQm` mM K iû`B m BH 7 mi /QM+ ; `/2` ¨ HǶ2bT`Bi HǶ2Mb2K#H2 /2 +2b T ` Kĕi`2b BMbB [m2 H2m` BMi2`T`ûi iBQMX. 6B;m`2 kXkXR. kXk * `#QMBb iBQM 2i ;` T?Bi iBQM /ǶmM +QF2 /2 #` B. jR jR.
(34) *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi. . Mb mM +`Bbi H T `7 Bi- H /ûi2`KBM iBQM /2 H i BHH2 /2 +`Bbi HHBi2 T ` H2b ` vQMb s b2 7 Bi ;ûMû` H2K2Mi 2M miBHBb Mi H 7Q`KmH2 /2 a+?2``2` bm` mM2 ` B2 +Q``2bTQM/ Mi ¨ H /B`2+iBQM /m TH M [m2 HǶQM bQm? Bi2 K2bm`2`X . Mb H2 + b /m ;` T?Bi2- H ` B2 TQm` ԁԐ 2i H ` B2 TQm` ԁԒ T ` 2t2KTH2- K Bb /Ƕ mi`2b `û~2tBQMb +QKK2 H 2i `2bT2+iBp2K2Mi- T2mp2Mi āi`2 T`û7û`û2bXX ԉ ԐԘԛԛԔ . Ԁᅱ ᅧ DPT ᅭ. (kX9). Pɍ ᅱ 2bi H HQM;m2m` /ǶQM/2 /2 H ` /B iBQM BM+B/2Mi2- ᅧ H H `;2m` ¨ KB@? mi2m` /2 H ` B2- 2i ᅭ HǶ M;H2 /2 "` ;; 2tT`BKû 2M ` /B MbX G2 T ` Kĕi`2 Ԁ 2bi mM 7 +i2m` +Q``2+iB7 b Mb /BK2MbBQMb [mB T`2M/ 2M +QKTi2 H 7Q`K2 /2 H ` B2X LQ`K H2K2Mi- H 7Q`KmH2 /2 a+?2``2` MǶmiBHBb2 T b H H `;2m` ¨ KB@@? mi2m` /2 H ` B2- K Bb b H `;2m` BMiû;` H2- +Ƕ2bi ¨ /B`2 H2 ` TTQ`i /2 HǶ B`2 /2 H ` B2 T ` bQM BMi2MbBiû TT `2Mi2X *QKK2 BH 2bi THmb Bbû /2 /ûi2`KBM2` H H `;2m` ¨ KB@@? mi2m` /ǶmM2 ` B2 [m2 b H `;2m` BMiû;` H2- QM 2tT`BK2 ;ûMû` H2K2Mi H 7Q`KmH2 /2 a+?2``2` p2+ H H `;2m` ¨ KB@@? mi2m` 2i QM BMi`Q/mBi H2 7 +i2m` Ԁ [mB 2bi H2 ` TTQ`i 2Mi`2 H2b /2mt H `;2m`bX . Mb H2 + b ఀ /ǶmM2 ; mbbB2MM2 p2+ mM û+ `i@@ivT2 ᅷ- H H `;2m` BMiû;` H2 p mi ᅧԘԝԣ ᅷ ᅵX *QKTi2 i2Mm /2 H `2H iBQM 2Mi`2 H H `;2m` ¨ KB@@? mi2m` ᅧ 2i ఀ ᅷ Uᅧ ᅷ MO V- QM `2KTH +2 ᅧԘԝԣ T ` Ԁᅧ Qɍ Ԁ అ MOᅵ ஃ X G2 KāK2 i` Bi2K2Mi TTHB[mû ¨ mM2 Tb2m/Q@@oQB;?i- [mB 2bi H 7Q`K2 /2 ` B2 H THmb miBHBbû2/QMM2 mM 7 +i2m` Ԁ ஃ X *2`i BMb 2KTHQB2Mi /QM+ H p H2m` BMi2`Kû/B B`2 BM/ûT2M/ KK2Mi /2 H 7Q`K2 /2 ` B2X . Mb H2 + b /2b + `#QM2b im`#Qbi` iB[m2b- H2b +?Qb2b M2 bQMi T b mbbB bBKTH2b , H ` B2 MǶ2tBbi2 T b ¨ T`QT`2K2Mi T `H2`- ¨ H TH +2 BH v mM2 ` B2 7Q`i2K2Mi bvKûi`B[m2 2M /B`2+iBQM /2b ;` M/b M;H2b U};m`2 kXkXkVX SQm` +QKT`2M/`2 HǶQ`B;BM2 /2 +2ii2 bvKûi`B2- BH 7 mi `2; `/2` +2 [mǶBH b2 T bb2 / Mb HǶ2bT +2 `û+BT`Q[m2 /m ;` T?ĕM2X GǶ2bT +2 `û+BT`Q[m2 2bi H i` Mb7Q`Kû2 /2 6Qm``B2` 2M i`QBb /BK2MbBQMb /2 HǶ2bT +2 `û2H UTQbBiBQMb /2b iQK2bVX G2b /BK2MbBQMb bQMi HQ`b BMp2`bû2bX S ` +QMbû[m2Mi- mM pQHmK2 / Mb HǶ2bT +2 `û2H /2pB2Mi mM TQBMi / Mb HǶ2bT +2 `û+BT`Q[m2- mM TH M /2pB2Mi mM2 HB;M2- mM2 HB;M2 /2pB2Mi mM TH M 2i mM TQBMi /2pB2Mi mM pQHmK2X G `2T`ûb2Mi iBQM /ǶmM 72mBHH2i /2 ;` T?ĕM2 / Mb HǶ2bT +2 `û+BT`Q[m2 2bi /QM+ mM 2Mb2K#H2 /2 HB;M2b Q`B2Miû2b bmBp Mi HǶ t2 w 2i bBimû2b mt bQKK2ib /ǶmM ?2t ;QM2 +QKK2 H2 KQMi`2 H };m`2 kXkXjX *2b HB;M2b bQMi 2M 7 Bi ¨ THmb T`QT`2K2Mi T `H2` /2b +vHBM/`2b /QMi H2 T`Q}H ` /B H 2bi mM2 ; mbbB2MM2 /QMi H H `;2m` ¨ KB@@? mi2m` 2bi2HH2- BMp2`b2K2Mi T`QTQ`iBQMM2HH2 ¨ ԁԐ X G2m` T`Q}H HQM;Bim/BM H 2bi HmB mbbB 2M 7Q`K2. jk jk. kXk * `#QMBb iBQM 2i ;` T?Bi iBQM /ǶmM +QF2 /2 #` B.
(35) *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi. 6B;m`2 kXkXk .Bz` +iQ;` KK2 /ǶmM +QF2 /2 #` B im`#Qbi` iB[m2 Ui2KTû` im`2 /2 `2+mBi , Ryyy ê*VX § H TH +2 /2b ` B2b ԗԚԛ QM /2b ` B2b ԗԚ bvKûi`B[m2b p2`b H2b ;` M/b M;H2bX G2 H #2H Ŀ ਗ਼ ŀ BM/B[m2 mM `iû7 +i /2 K2bm`2X /2 ; mbbB2MM2 /QMi H H `;2m` ¨ KB@@? mi2m` 2bi- 2HH2- BMp2`b2K2Mi T`QTQ`iBQMM2HH2 ¨ HǶûT Bbb2m` /m 72mBHH2i / Mb HǶ2bT +2 `û2H 2i [mB +Q``2bTQM/ m /B Kĕi`2 /ǶmM iQK2 /2 + `#QM2Re GQ`b[m2 /2mt 72mBHH2ib bQMi bmT2`TQbûb p2+ mM2 `Qi iBQM HǶmM T ` ` TTQ`i ¨ HǶ mi`2 /ǶmM M;H2 ᅦ miQm` /2 HǶ t2 w- BH b2 7Q`K2 /2mt bvbiĕK2b /2 HB;M2b `û+BT`Q[m2b /û+ Hû2b /ǶmM M;H2 ᅦ BMbB [m2 /2b Mƾm/b +Q``2bTQM/ Mib mt TH Mb ԛ U+7 }@ ;m`2 kXkX9VX BMbB- ¨ +? [m2 7QBb [mǶmM ;` T?ĕM2 pB2Mi bǶ2KTBH2`- mM MQmp2 m bvbiĕK2 /2 HB;M2b bǶ DQmi2X aB +2b 72mBHH2ib bǶ2KTBH2Mi im`#Qbi` iB[m2K2Mi- +Ƕ2bi ¨ /B`2 2M 7Q`K Mi mM M;H2 [m2H+QM[m2 H2b mMb T ` ` TTQ`i mt mi`2b- HǶ2Mb2K#H2 /2b HB;M2b `û+BT`Q[m2b Re. GǶûT Bbb2m` /ǶmM ;` T?ĕM2 mMB[m2 2bi bmD2ii2 ¨ /û# iX 1HH2 2bi 2M iQmi2 `B;m2m` û; H2 m /B Kĕi`2 /ǶmM iQK2 /2 + `#QM2- K Bb BH 2bi +QKKmM [mǶ2HH2 bQBi T`Bb2 û; H2 ¨ H /Bbi M+2 /2 o M@@.2`@@q Hb 2Mi`2 /2mt TH Mb Uy-jj8 MKVX. kXk * `#QMBb iBQM 2i ;` T?Bi iBQM /ǶmM +QF2 /2 #` B. jj jj.
(36) *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi. 6B;m`2 kXkXj 1bT +2 `û+BT`Q[m2 /ǶmM 72mBHH2i /2 ;` T?ĕM2 /Ƕ2ti2MbBQM ԁԐ X. 6B;m`2 kXkX9 1bT +2 `û+BT`Q[m2 /2 /2mt 72mBHH2ib /2 ;` T?ĕM2 iQm`Mûb /ǶmM M;H2 ᅦ HǶmM T ` ` TTQ`i ¨ HǶ mi`2X }MB` T ` 7Q`K2` mM2 bû`B2 /2 +vHBM/`2b +QM+2Mi`B[m2b +QKK2 BHHmbi`û T ` H }@ ;m`2 kXkX8X G2 /B ;` KK2 /2 /Bz` +iBQM bbQ+Bû ¨ mM2 B`` /B iBQM T2`T2M/B+mH B`2 ¨ HǶ t2 w U t2 MQ`K H mt 72mBHH2ib /2 ;` T?ĕM2bV b2` mM2 +QmT2 /2 HǶ2bT +2 `û+BT`Q[m2 b2HQM H2 TH M ԅ /2 H };m`2 kXkX8 2i 2bi BHHmbi`û T ` H };m`2 kXkXeX AH bǶ ;Bi /2 Mƾm/b +Q``2bTQM/ Mib mt `û~2tBQMb ԛ m +2Mi`2 2i /2 HB;M2b +Q``2bTQM/ Mib mt `û~2tBQMb ԗԚ /2 T `i 2i /Ƕ mi`2X GQ`b[m2 H2 K iû`B m +QKK2M+2 ¨ ;` T?Bi2`- +Ƕ2bi ¨ /B`2 [mǶmM Q`/`2 /Ƕ2KTBH2K2Mi b2 K2i 2M TH +2- H2b HB;M2b b2 i` Mb7Q`K2Mi 2M #iQMM2ib +2Mi`ûb bm` +? +mM2 /2b TQbBiBQMb ԗԚԛX G HQM;m2m` /2 +2b #iQMM2ib 2bi BMp2`b2K2Mi T`QTQ`iBQMM2HH2 ¨ HǶ2K@ TBH2K2Mi +Q?û`2Mi /2b ;` T?ĕM2bX 6BM H2K2Mi- HQ`b[m2 H2 K iû`B m 2bi mM T `7 Bi. j9 j9. kXk * `#QMBb iBQM 2i ;` T?Bi iBQM /ǶmM +QF2 /2 #` B.
(37) *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi. 6B;m`2 kXkX8 1bT +2 `û+BT`Q[m2 /ǶmM 2KTBH2K2Mi im`#Qbi` iB[m2 /2 ;` T?ĕM2bX ;` T?Bi2- BH MǶv THmb [m2 /2b Mƾm/b THmb Qm KQBMb bT?û`B[m2b /QMi H2 /B Kĕi`2 2bi BMp2`b2K2Mi T`QTQ`iBQMM2H ¨ H i BHH2 /m +`Bbi HHBi2 b2HQM H /B`2+iBQM /2 H `û~2tBQMX . Mb H2 ;` T?Bi2- HǶ2KTBH2K2Mi 2bi +Q?û`2Mi- +Ƕ2bi ¨ /B`2 [m2 H2b 72mBHH2ib bǶ2KTBH2Mi p2+ mM Q`/`2 `ûTûiBiB7- MQiû " UpQB` };m`2 kXkX3V Qɍ iQmb H2b iQK2b û[mBp H2Mib /m 72mBHH2i b2 `2i`Qmp2Mi ¨ H KāK2 TQbBiBQM / Mb H2 i`QBbBĕK2 72mBHH2i p2+ mM 72mBHH2i BMi2`Kû/B B`2 " /û+ Hû /ǶmM2 HQM;m2m` /2 HB BbQM *@@* / Mb H /B`2+iBQM /2 +2ii2 HB BbQMX . Mb H2 + b /ǶmM K iû`B m /ûbQ`/QMMû Qm / Mb H2 + b /ǶmM2 TQm/`2- H2b +`Bbi HHBi2b QMi mM2 Q`B2Mi iBQM [m2H+QM[m2 T ` ` TTQ`i m 7 Bb+2 mX . Mb +2 + b- H2 `ûb2 m `û+BT`Q[m2 /2 +? [m2 +`Bbi HHBi2 HmB mbbB mM2 Q`B2Mi iBQM [m2H+QM[m2 2i H2 `ûb2 m `û+BT`Q[m2 ;HQ# H `ûbmHi Mi 2bi mM2 bû`B2 /2 bT?ĕ`2b +QM+2Mi`B[m2bX SQm` H2b bT?ĕ`2b 7Q`Kû2b ¨ T `iB` /2b +vHBM/`2b ԗԚ- H2 T`Q}H /2 H2m`b +Q[mBHH2b M2 b2` T b bvKûi`B[m2X G };m`2 kXkXN BHHmbi`2 +2 7 Bi , H2b HB;M2b `û+BT`Q[m2b ûi Mi i M;2Mi2b ¨ H bT?ĕ`2H2m`b BMi2MbBiûb M2 +QMi`B#m2Mi T b ¨ HǶBMiû`B2m` /2 H bT?ĕ`2- K Bb ¨ HǶ2tiû`B2m`2HH2b b2 +`QBb2Mi +mKmH Mi BMbB H2m` BMi2MbBiûb `2bT2+iBp2bX *QKK2 HǶBMi2MbBiû /2b HB;M2b `û+BT`Q[m2b MǶ2bi T b +QMbi Mi2 bm` HǶ2Mb2K#H2 /2 H2m` HQM;m2m`- K Bb [mǶ2HH2 2bi ; mbbB2MM2 p2+ H2m` K tBKmK m TQBMi /2 +QMi +i /2 H bT?ĕ`2- HǶBMi2MbBiû `ûbmHi Mi2 p 2HH2 mbbB 2M /û+`QBbb Mi m 7m` 2i ¨ K2bm`2 [m2 HǶQM bǶûHQB;M2 /2 H bT?ĕ`2X G2 K tBKmK [m Mi ¨ HmB M2 b2 bBim2 T b m TQBMi /2 +QMi +i + ` 2M +2 TQBMi mM2 b2mH2 HB;M2 +QMi`B#m2- K Bb BH 2bi Hû;ĕ`2K2Mi /û+ Hû ¨ HǶ2tiû`B2m`- H¨ Qɍ /2mt HB;M2b b2 +`QBb2Mi 2i [m2 H bQKK2 /2 H2m`b BMi2MbBiûb 2bi 2M+Q`2 bmTû`B2m`2 ¨ HǶBMi2MbBiû K tBK H2 /ǶmM2 b2mH2 HB;M2X G +QMbû[m2M+2 /2 +2+B 2bi [m2- TQm` mM + `#QM2 im`#Qbi` iB[m2- H TQbBiBQM /ǶmM2 `û~2tBQM ԗԚ- K `[mû2 T ` bQM K tBKmK /ǶBMi2MbBiû- 2bi /û+ Hû2 p2`b H2b ;` M/b M;H2b U/QM+ p2`b H2b THmb T2iBi2b p H2m`b /2 ԓԗԚ V T ` ` TTQ`i ¨ H p H2m` `û2HH2 [mB 2bi /QMMû2 T ` H TQbBiBQM /2 H `û~2tBQM ԗԚ. kXk * `#QMBb iBQM 2i ;` T?Bi iBQM /ǶmM +QF2 /2 #` B. j8 j8.
(38) *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi. hm`#Qbi` iB[m2. RR. Ry. :` T?Bi2. yye. yye. Rye yye. RRe. yy9. yy9. Ry9 yy9. RR9. yyk. yyk. Ryk yyk. RRk. yyy. yyy. Ryy yyy. RRy. yyk. yyk. yyk. yy9. yy9. yy9. yye. yye. yye. Ry. RR. 6B;m`2 kXkXe a+?ûK b /2 HǶûpQHmiBQM /m /B ;` KK2 /2 /Bz` +iBQM /ǶmM 2KTBH2@ K2Mi /2 ;` T?ĕM2b Ŀ pmb bm` H i` M+?2 ŀ T ` H2b _s m +Qm`b /2 bQM ûpQHmiBQM /ǶmM2 bi`m+im`2 im`#Qbi` iB[m2 U¨ ; m+?2V p2`b mM2 bi`m+im`2 ;` T?BiB[m2 U¨ /`QBi2VX lM + b `û2H /2 /B ;` KK2 /2 /Bz` +iBQM +Q``2bTQM/ Mi m + b BMi2`Kû/B B`2 2bi /QMMû T ` H };m`2 kXkXdX +Q``2bTQM/ Mi2 /m ;` T?Bi2X *2 /û+ H ;2 MǶ2bi /QM+ T b ¨ `2HB2` ¨ mM2 p `B iBQM /m `ûb2 m ;` T?ûMB[m2- [mB `2bi2 BM+? M;ûX. R .ûi2`KBM iBQM /2b ٣ ٲT ` ._s , KQ/ĕH2 Ŀ bi M/ `/ ŀ K2bm`2b /2 /Bz` +iBQM /2b ` vQMb s [m2 MQmb pQMb 2z2+imû2b QMi ûiû `û HBbû2b 2M +QM};m` iBQM "` ;;@@"`2Mi MQ p2+ mM2 bQm`+2 m KQHv#/ĕM2 bm` /2b û+? MiBHHQMb T`ûT `ûb bQmb 7Q`K2 /2 TQm/`2X G2 /Bz` +iQ;` KK2 Q#i2Mm 2bi /QM+ mM T`Q}H /ǶBM@ i2MbBiû /m `ûb2 m `û+BT`Q[m2 [m2 MQmb p2MQMb /2 /û+`B`2X aB H2 T`Q}H /ǶmM2 ` B2 2bi /B`2+i2K2Mi `2HBû ¨ H i BHH2 /2 +`Bbi HHBi2 / Mb H2 + b Qɍ H +Q?û`2M+2 2bi i`B/BK2MbBQMM2HH2- +2H MǶ2bi THmb H2 + b / Mb H2 + b Qɍ 2HH2 MǶ2bi [m2 #B@@/BK2MbBQMM2HH2 +QKK2 TQm` H ` B2 /2 MQb +QF2bX. je je. kXk * `#QMBb iBQM 2i ;` T?Bi iBQM /ǶmM +QF2 /2 #` B.
(39) *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi. V P`B;BM H UMû; iB7VX. #V am`2tTQbû UMû; iB7VX. 6B;m`2 kXkXd AK ;2b 2M Mû; iB7 /2 H /Bz` +iBQM /ǶmM2 xQM2Rd /m G_2 i` Biû ¨ kRyy ê* KQMi` Mi [mǶ¨ +2ii2 i2KTû` im`2- H bi`m+im`2 MǶ2bi THmb [m2 T `iB2HH2@ K2Mi im`#Qbi` iB[m2- TmBb[m2 HǶBMi2MbBiû H2 HQM; /2b HB;M2b `û+BT`Q[m2b ԗԚ T`ûb2Mi2Mi U~ĕ+?2bV /2b K tBK Tû`BQ/B[m2b U¨ ` TT`Q+?2` /m b+?ûK BMi2`Kû/B B`2 /2 H }@ ;m`2 kXkXeVX . Mb mM2 Tm#HB+ iBQM /2 RN9R- q ``2M (Rk) ûi #HB mM2 7Q`KmH2 /2 T`Q}H /2 ` B2 TQm` H2b 2KTBH2K2Mib im`#Qbi` iB[m2b- 2i KQMi`û [m2 H `2H iBQM 2Mi`2 H H `;2m` ¨ KB@@ ? mi2m` /2 +2 T`Q}H 2i H i BHH2 /2 +`Bbi HHBi2 ԁԐ ûi Bi /2 H KāK2 7Q`K2 [m2 H 7Q`KmH2 /2 a+?2``2`- K Bb p2+ mM 7 +i2m` /2 R-39X 1M RNee- BH TTQ`i2 mM2 +Q``2+iBQM ¨ bQM KQ/ĕH2X mT ` p Mi # bû bm` /2b 72mBHH2ib /2 7Q`K2 `2+i M;mH B`2- BH 2bi /ûbQ`K Bb # bû bm` /2b 72mBHH2ib /2 7Q`K2 +B`+mH B`2X *2 +? M;2K2Mi H2 +QM/mBi ¨ `ûpBb2` bQM +Q2{+B2Mi [mB T bb2 /2 R-39 ¨ R-dd- bQBi mM2 +Q``2+iBQM /2 ਲj-3WX SQm` 2z2+im2` HǶ Dmbi2K2Mi /m /Bz` +iQ;` KK2- MQmbRN pQMb 2KTHQvû H2 HQ;B+B2H hQ@ T bX SQm` H2b û+? MiBHHQMb i` Biûb Dmb[mǶ¨ kyyy ê*- +Q``2bTQM/ Mi m /QK BM2 /2 H + `#QMBb iBQM b2+QM/ B`2- MQmb pQMb miBHBbû /2b Sb2m/Q@@oQB;?i TQm` H2b ` B2b ԛ- 2i TQm` H ` B2 mM2 +QK#BM BbQM /2 7QM+iBQMb /2 S2 `bQM /2 ivT2 oAA 7` +iBQMMû2bky m T`Q}H bvKûi`B[m2X G2 #mi /2 +2ii2 +QK#BM BbQM MǶûi Bi T b /ǶQ#i2MB` mM KQ/ĕH2 v Mi mM2 bB;MB}+ iBQM T?vbB[m2- K Bb /Ƕ pQB` mM Dmbi2K2Mi +Q``2+i /m /Bz` +iQ@ ;` KK2 TQm` TT`QtBK2` H 7Q`K2 /2 H ` B2 2i 2M K2bm`2` H H `;2m` ¨ KB@@ ? mi2m` p2+ mM2 K +`Q û+`Bi2 2M o"kRX GǶ p Mi ;2 /ǶmiBHBb2` mM Dmbi2K2Mi T ` RN ky. *2ii2 i+?2 ûiû `û HBbû2 T ` MQb T `i2M B`2b /m G*ha /2 "Q`/2 mtX bTHBi S2 `bQM oAA, TQm` mM2 KāK2 TQbBiBQM- QM +QMbB/ĕ`2 H2b T `iB2b ; m+?2 2i /`QBi2 +QKK2 /2mt 7QM+iBQMb /2 S2 `bQM oAA v Mi /2b T ` Kĕi`2b /Bzû`2Mib +2 [mB `2M/ H2 T`Q}H bvKûi`B[m2X. kXk * `#QMBb iBQM 2i ;` T?Bi iBQM /ǶmM +QF2 /2 #` B. jd jd.
(40) *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi. 6B;m`2 kXkX3 om2 2M T2`bT2+iBp2 U2M ? miV 2i 2M T`QD2+iBQM U2M # bV /2 /2mt ;` T?ĕM2b / Mb HǶQ`/`2 Ӷӷ /m ;` T?Bi2X G2b iQK2b `Qm;2b /2 H +Qm+?2 /m /2bbmb bQMi +2mt bBimûb 2M `2@ ; `/ /m +2Mi`2 /ǶmM ?2t ;QM2 /2 H +Qm+?2 /m /2bbQmbX UbQm`+2 qBFBT2/B R3VX. 6B;m`2 kXkXN ` TTQ`i ¨ H Kûi?Q/2 /û+`Bi2 T ` q ``2M Qɍ H K2bm`2 ¨ KB@@? mi2m` b2 7 Bi /B`2+i2@ K2Mi bm` H2b /QMMû2bkk- +Ƕ2bi [m2 H T`ûb2M+2 /ǶmM2 ` B2 MǶ THmb /ǶBM~m2M+2 bm` +2HH2@+BX. kR kk. oBbm H " bB+ 7Q` TTHB+ iBQMb, H2 H M; ;2 /2 K +`Q /2 JB+`QbQ7i P{+2X § HǶûTQ[m2 /2 q ``2M BH MǶv p Bi T b /ǶQ`/BM i2m` T2`K2ii Mi /2 7 B`2 /2b Dmbi2K2Mib /2 +Qm`#2X. j3 j3. kXk * `#QMBb iBQM 2i ;` T?Bi iBQM /ǶmM +QF2 /2 #` B.
(41) *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi. 6B;m`2 kXkXRy *QF2 i` Biû ¨ Ryyy ê*X LǶ v Mi T b /2 7QM+iBQM T2`K2ii Mi /Ƕ Dmb@ i2` H2 T`Q}H /2 H ` B2 - mM2 +QK#BM BbQM /2 THmbB2m`b T`Q}Hb 2bi miBHBbû2X SQm` H2b û+? MiBHHQMb i` Biûb ¨ mM2 i2KTû` im`2 bmTû`B2m`2 ¨ kyyy ê*- MQmb pQMb miBHBbû /2b Sb2m/Q@@oQB;i TQm` +? [m2 ` B2 2i miBHBbû H2 7 +i2m` +Q``2+iB7 /2 a+?2``2` +H bbB[m2 U VX aB +? +mM2 /2b /2mt Kûi?Q/2b b2K#H2 /QMM2` /2b `ûbmHi ib +Q?û`2Mib m MBp2 m /2 HǶQ`/`2 /2 ;` M/2m` 2i m MBp2 m /2 HǶûpQHmiBQM `2H iBp2 /2b û+? MiBHHQMb- H2 T bb ;2 /2 HǶmM2 ¨ HǶ mi`2 TQb2 T`Q#HĕK2X 1M 2z2i- #B2M [m2 `2H iBp2K2Mi bQm/ BM- H2 T bb ;2 /2 HǶQ`/`2 #B@@/BK2MbBQMM2H Uim`#Qbi` iB[m2V ¨ HǶQ`/`2 i`B@@/BK2MbBQMM2H U;` T?BiB[m2V MǶ2M 2bi T b KQBMb ;` /m2H TQm` mM 2Mb2K#H2 /2 T B`2b /2 +Qm+?2b(R9)- Q` BH MǶv T b /2 Kûi?Q/2 BMi2`Kû/B B`2 [m2 MQmb TmBbbBQMb TTHB[m2`X AH TT ` ŗi /QM+ bm` H };m`2 kXkXRR- mM2 /Bb+QMiBMmBiû 2Mi`2 RNyy 2i kyyy ê* TQm` H [m2HH2 H i BHH2 /2 +`Bbi HHBi2 +?mi2 2i T bb2 /2 RyXd MK ¨ NXN MK HQ`b [mǶmM i2H +QKTQ`i2K2Mi 2bi BKTQbbB#H2X LQmb b pQMb [m2 HǶ2KTHQB /2 H 7Q`KmH2 /2 a+?2``2` b2b HBKBi2b [m Mi ¨ H `2T`ûb2Mi iBQM /2b i BHH2b /2 +`Bbi HHBi2 +QKTi2 i2Mm /2 b2b TT`QtBK iBQMb- K Bb MQmb MQmb ii2M/QMb iQmi /2 KāK2 ¨ mM +QKTQ`i2K2Mi +Q?û`2Mi bm` mM2 bû`B2 /2 `2+mBib /ǶmM KāK2 û+? MiBHHQMX. kXk * `#QMBb iBQM 2i ;` T?Bi iBQM /ǶmM +QF2 /2 #` B. jN jN.
(42) *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi. 20 18 16. Facteur de Scherrer 0,9. La (nm). 14 12 10. Facteur de Warren 1,84. 8 6 4 10. 00. 13. 00. 15. 00. 17. 00. 19. 00 000 100 2 2. Température (. ±. 22. 50. 24. 00 500 2. 26. 50. C). 6B;m`2 kXkXRR h BHH2b /2b +`Bbi HHBi2b ԁԐ 2M 7QM+iBQM /2 H i2KTû` im`2 /2 `2+mBiX G2b i BHH2b QMi ûiû Q#i2Mm2b T ` K2bm`2 /2 /Bz` +iBQM /2b ` vQMb sX lM BM/B+ i2m` /m /2;`û /2 ;` T?Bi iBQM 2bi H /Bbi M+2 BMi2`@@72mBHH2iX 1M 2z2i- / Mb H2 ;` T?Bi2- mM iQK2 bm` /2mt /ǶmM 72mBHH2i b2 `2i`Qmp2 / Mb H2 +`2mt /ǶmM +v+H2 /m 72mBHH2i /m /2bbQmb c /2 +2ii2 K MBĕ`2- H /Bbi M+2 2Mi`2 H2 TH M KQv2M /2 +? [m2 72mBHH2i 2bi KBMBK H2 2i p mi jXj89 ³X § T `iB` /m KQK2Mi Qɍ HǶ2KTBH2K2Mi 2bi im`@ #Qbi` iB[m2- H THmT `i /2b iQK2b /m 72mBHH2i bmTû`B2m` b2 `2i`Qmp2Mi 2M 7 +2 ¨ 7 +2 p2+ +2mt /m 72mBHH2i BM7û`B2m` +2 [mB TQm` +QMbû[m2M+2 /Ƕ m;K2Mi2` H /Bbi M+2 BMi2`@@72mBHH2iX *2ii2 /Bbi M+2 2bi p `B #H2- K Bb b p H2m` KBMBK H2 HQ`b[m2 /2mt 72mBHH2ib bQMi iQm`Mûb HǶmM T ` ` TTQ`i ¨ HǶ mi`2 Uim`#Qbi` iB[m2V 2bi /2 jX99 ³X *2ii2 /Bbi M+2 T2mi āi`2 /ûi2`KBMû2 ¨ HǶ B/2 /2 H TQbBiBQM /2b TB+b ԛ 2i /2 H 7Q`KmH2 /2 "` ;; , ఏԓԗԚԛ ఏ TJO ᅭ ఏ ఏԝఏᅱ ԓԗԚԛ ᅭ ᅱ ԝ. 4 4 4 4. 9y 9y. (kX8). /Bbi M+2 BMi2`@@72mBHH2i 2Mi`2 H2b TH Mb ԗԚԛ ON M;H2 /2 "` ;; SBE HQM;m2m` /ǶQM/2 /2 H ` /B iBQM ON MQK#`2 2MiB2`. kXk * `#QMBb iBQM 2i ;` T?Bi iBQM /ǶmM +QF2 /2 #` B.
(43) *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi. 6B;m`2 kXkXRk *QF2 i` Biû ¨ kyyy ê*X AH M2 b2K#H2 iQmDQm`b T b v pQB` /2 ` B2 BM/B+ Mi mM Q`/`2 ;` T?BiB[m2 2tTHB[m Mi HǶmiBHBb iBQM /m 7 +i2m` /2 q ``2M 2M+Q`2 ¨ +2ii2 i2KTû` im`2X. kXk * `#QMBb iBQM 2i ;` T?Bi iBQM /ǶmM +QF2 /2 #` B. 9R 9R.
(44) *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi. 6B;m`2 kXkXRj *QF2 i` Biû ¨ kRyy ê*X G ` B2 TT ` ŗi BM/B+ Mi H2 /û#mi /2 HǶQ`/`2 ;` T?BiB[m2X PM miBHBb2 /QM+ H2 7 +i2m` /2 a+?2``2`X. 9k 9k. kXk * `#QMBb iBQM 2i ;` T?Bi iBQM /ǶmM +QF2 /2 #` B.
(45) *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi. 6B;m`2 kXkXR9 *QF2 i` Biû ¨ ke8y ê*X § +2ii2 i2KTû` im`2- H2 /Bz` +iQ;` KK2 2bi T`Q+?2 /2 +2HmB /ǶmM ;` T?Bi2X. kXk * `#QMBb iBQM 2i ;` T?Bi iBQM /ǶmM +QF2 /2 #` B. 9j 9j.
(46) *QKTQ`i2K2Mi /ǶmM K iû`B m + `#QMû i` Biû i?2`KB[m2K2Mi. 3.50. 3.48. D002 (nm). 3.46. 3.44. Ordre turbostratique. 3.42. 3.40. Début ordre graphitique. 3.38. 3.36 10. 00. 13. 00. 15. 00. 17. 00. 19. 00 000 100 2 2. Température (. 6B;m`2 kXkXR8. ±. 22. 50. 24. 00 500 2. 26. 50. C). .Bbi M+2 BMi2`@@72mBHH2i Uӹ V 2M 7QM+iBQM /m `2+mBi. AH 7 mi +2T2M/ Mi 7 B`2 ii2MiBQM ¨ HǶBMi2`T`ûi iBQM /2 +2ii2 p H2m` [mB `2bi2 mM2 p H2m` KQv2MM2 , mM K iû`B m v Mi ¨ H 7QBb /2b 2KTBH2K2Mib im`#Qbi` iB[m2b 2i ;` T?B@ iB[m2b TQm`` pQB` mM2 /Bbi M+2 BMi2`@@72mBHH2i TT `2Mi2 +QKT`Bb2 2Mi`2 j-j89 ³ 2i j-99 ³- K Bb 2M `û HBiû- m+mM2 T B`2 /2 72mBHH2ib MǶ m` +2b /2`MB2`b bûT `ûb /ǶmM2 i2HH2 /Bbi M+2X G };m`2 kXkXR8 /QMM2 HǶûpQHmiBQM /2 +2 T ` Kĕi`2 p2+ H i2KTû@ ` im`2 /2 `2+mBiX PM T2mi pQB` [mǶBH 2bi 2M # Bbb2 +QMbi Mi2 Dmb[mǶ¨ k8yy ê* Qɍ BH b2 bi #BHBb2X AH 2bi û; H2K2Mi BMiû`2bb Mi /2 MQi2` [m2 b /û+`QBbb M+2 2bi THmb ` TB/2 ¨ T `iB` /2 kyyy ê* +2 [mB +Q``2bTQM/ û; H2K2Mi ¨ HǶ TT `BiBQM /2b ` B2b ԗԚԛ bm` H2b /B ;` KK2b /2 /Bz` +iBQM 2i /QM+ ¨ HǶQ`/`2 i`B@@/BK2MbBQMM2HX G2 i #H2 m kXR `2TQ`i2 H2b p H2m`b /2 ԁԐ 2i ԓ Q#i2Mmb T ` H /Bz` +iBQM /2b ` vQMb sX. k .ûi2`KBM iBQM /2b ٣ ٲT ` ._s , KQ/ĕH2 ¨ /2mt ûi ib G2 KQ/ĕH2 [mB 2bi miBHBbû / Mb +2 [mB T`û+ĕ/2 TQm` Dmbi2` m KB2mt H2b /Bz` +@ iQ;` KK2b /2 _s iQmi m HQM; /2 H i` Mb7Q`K iBQM i?2`KB[m2 /ǶmM T`û+m`b2m` + `#QMû ;` T?Bi #H2 T`ûb2Mi2 THmbB2m`b BM+QMpûMB2Mib , r. AH miBHBb2 /2b p H2m`b /Bb+`ĕi2b /2 Ԁ U+2HmB /2 q ``2M- û; H ¨ R-39- TmBb +2HmB /2 a+?2``2`- û; H ¨ y-3NV HQ`b [m2- H ;` T?Bi iBQM ûi Mi T`Q;`2bbBp2 m MBp2 m /m. 99 99. kXk * `#QMBb iBQM 2i ;` T?Bi iBQM /ǶmM +QF2 /2 #` B.
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