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Work Package 1: Geochemical controls on polluting substances

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t

Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO - National Geological Survey

Work Package 1: Geochemical controls on polluting substances

Jasper Griffioen

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Objective of WP 1

• review all relevant information to determine threshold values for potentially harmful substances in gw

1. geochemical processes controlling behaviour 2. (eco)toxicological effects

3. analytical practice

4. sampling and monitoring

• products:

1. database of references

2. groundwater database

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Contents of the WP1 report

1. Intro

2. Techniques for data-mining

3. Geochemical processes - a brief overview

4. Hydrogeological units and major gw composition 5. Behaviour and occurrence of inorganic substances 6. ,, ,, ,, ,, organic ,,

7. Environmental chemistry of emerging substances 8. (Eco)toxicological impacts

9. Analytical

10. Sampling and monitoring

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Chapter 4:

Hydrogeological units and gw composition:

German case study

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Chapter 5: Review of geochemical controls for inorganic substances

• Contents:

• General geochemistry (rock and mineral contents)

• Aqueous chemistry (all types of reactions)

• Natural concentrations in gw:

• what is usual

• where occur elevated concentrations and why

• Anthropogenic contamination: when, how much and how

• Summarising table on controls in hydrogeol. environments

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Example: Controls on As

Mobilisation process Mechanism details Natural waters Anthropog. / polluted desorption at high to near neutral pH

under aerobic conditions

anion competition and mineral weathering

arid regions with high evaporation rates desorption/ dissolution due to change

to reducing conditions

desorption due to reduction of As(V) to As(III)

river valleys and deltas with high burial rates and organic C

desorption at near-neutral pH under aerobic conditions

reduction of surface area of oxide minerals by

“ageing”

?

desorption under strong reducing conditions

reduction binding strength due to reductive dissolution of oxides

river valleys and deltas with high burial rates and organic C

dissolution due to a change to aerobic conditions

pyrite oxidation Mining (Acid Mine Drainage),

lowering of groundwater table

contaminant source - application of arsenical

pesticides alkaline, high temperature and mixing/ dillution geothermally influenced

groundwater Immobilisation process

adsorption at acidic to near neutral pH under aerobic conditions

fluvial aquifers Mining areas

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Statistical investigation of groundwater composition in various European

aquifers

(extension of BASELINE project)

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Chapters 6 and 7: Review of geochemical controls for organic substances

• Chapter 6: Priority and WFD substances:

• General use

• Physico-chemical characteristics

• Environmental biogeochemistry

• focus on biodegradation

• Chapter 7: Emerging substances

• General characteristics

• analytical aspects

• occurrence in aquatic environments

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Chapters 8-10

8. (Eco)toxicological effects

1. review on groundwater ecology 2. environmental quality standards

3. ecotoxicological effects on gw organisms 4. aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems (very brief)

9. Analytical practice

1. role of detection limit compared to threshold values 2. role of analytical technique

10. Practice of sampling and monitoring

1. sampling techniques

2. use of materials

3. typical errors

Références

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