.~ he de~'r~e ot -

..

^\

..

uni~e~sfty^of'N~w.ic!;U~dl~~!,,~~· ^":":

Apri l 198 6 eequ t

remen~s

^{fo r}

.~ he de~'r~e ^{ot -}

:,Ma st e'r

-

:~f~Educ.it.lon·

.

'-...

....

, . ...0

··Di v i s i o n'of

' L~~r~i~g Resdurc~';'

~Fac~lty,^{of Education}

.J

· .@Gera l d L',

'):,, " '

t~:~'I."

i-J;

"

':.~ ... ~ .

'''l\ --!= ~e si ~su bmH,tefto.ehe Scl'Q9'r''o( Gr'!Ji0' t~:'

Stua ies·i,"-parti al

I

.N;WfC?ll~...,~land

I ,-'

'-

/ ~.;),

:<.,

\ .

_ .

.:- ,

. . "',,,,-

The auchor.,(cop y ri g h t has~,r e se.r v, e·d 0 pvbjLcatLon,d~h-ts , neither th ~4jt he s is not",..:P' E7xtensive\"ext r \lcts from...it ma y be prih ted or-Q.t tje'Cwi s e re produ c e d',,) 'without .hi s / her, writ t,~n ~er ~i. sio~.

"'~': " "

.ISBN 0-.31 5 ,:", 3 3 6 52 :"8

,.'~

.

~."

. . ... :

. :';i

:.. :

.; ..

~'

;

,.

-,

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"H b". .y~ia'nd<0

,dee e.";[n . JOt'; . nY of.

"'ievt'~l" ;el.~"~ ····'

;. .. .

·

.

_J'

;;"j~.

_~~~~~

"l.sc hOdJ

_~

ceacher

~Z~~~~~~~?'<

g oo'ebeBu'rin.peni\,.l;iu"'1 a >;··

"

-v . :,tf. Nb~~~[f·;.w.S }~::l~~d.,neo~ ;lX s:dion~ . ·:~.cei";n

^A

i{ ••/ -.;, ;-'\:-'"Bs k ed ,forirform~,tionflbou~, .l;:hesc h oo l ; Se c ti onB...asked. ..:

". - ,~....,:.- . • : ,' :":!", ;. - ..'-:\''. ". , '. '. , .. '';' •

.- ' for InfQrmat"l oh ab "outthe:'.respondent; Se ctioo~Caske'd,,:.:·· .., '"

.

;;;t~:~'~~ers~, ~~ ~ri~'ca~\~'J:~~

^t'hey';e"lt"

'apo'ut~~h6~~~~~;~t~~~-; .~~, ' ';: '\~~' (~~~~ralL·-~'ec,ui~~'; ~l?,ked t:ea·~he;~~·a~~~it:~

^-c

t~~·;r k~~~~ "'~'

^{"' .}

;· ~·1~.di:'cl~i'l:t1:~-~;' ow~' ·S~h~.l~

^{Lt brar-y,}

.~a~ abo·u~'"ltoJ'·t~:ey,

';,~, ~ .. ....,I, ", ". . . '>';"1.. :" '~:;

fel\"a;~ou.~.'\thei r S C?:oolli~~ary. S~E;CtiOn'E~,sked

'j

~;~~

.teac~_ersa~out thelr,pe r ce pt ion.of theprincip~l'·s-,~ ~~;:;::

suppoee

a~~

^pf

ot~ '

^teachers"support for the schoOl >';-"'•

i'r, . ~ . ~'..~}\',:"

.li br a r y. Sectio,nF.asked teachers to Lndtcate howo.f t~n.

''''' . . "

. ... .

^' .r.:

....the yusedt-he'library,and-theitreas ons for doingso. ....\.;

;-:., "/':" ~ ~h

^{analy sts'}

6~ - _{~h'e ~ata}

showed-t ha t whi-le'o,n ly one

factQ~, ~~ach~{,

^attitud\

t~ward ,~~~o'l

^libraries

'i~ '

'ge ne r al, had

_.

a Significant_,

tnfliJe~~~(~·onteilcher'use. -..

^{.... of}

.

'.,, ...L ';,~/'.' ;' .

I. '>'"

" \\~~}.;~~;(;

~ A:~:' .: ".- . 1

....

^,

rf$;5Wg~'~\t1, ^{'.. ,} ~i \1 :;;~~;[,: ;.: '::::,~~ ,

','

_~i

; '!J;!i: ,, ' . '.' -.\, " , ,,' , . ' ,... ' , .

^{t ,,, . ,}

._'. _~'>'<l~thes_e~~.<?l",.l~?;ra,rY' scme-rJ'1te.re~t,i1l£espe c ts\~.(.'t'e..~Ch~et" .~.~":'"_...

~~ ~-

'~~'~, 'v ,.-

,"')j~,.,'

~: .', y G.;.:_ ,'~~ ~-~

,."~ ...

.."- .>-,

.~a.~~~.t;^",a,x.tent"b:~:/~b~~~f't~aini^..'[1gi

a ,nd

te~cher.s', ~ ^{.." ,' ';:}(~^..,

·per,~:·pt:_i;~P. , ~~." t~e;1~~ 'ptlr:~,91.palS·'

,an,d"p e.e r s ' supp'o rt {or : ;"/

'~~'

^-,-,

ebe _ sc~_~~.l: ._~iAb~a~::; .. :~,,_;y . : ~ .~.' .v :

.'Fa c'~(~rs

rs :

^{have had no},l~fluenc.e_on.

.us,e,O~~'l'tti.~>~.~~bra~~" " age,.se ?<.;t ea cher

te~chingelfferi8nce -endgradt,Staught. An importantrecommendationeesutrtng fromthl.S

",,~~^ecudy

: is :

^{"Tha t} a~:w..f~rther.^study'be condu~t'edto determine

..i f

"t~~·r'e

^{'b·r e}

f~,ctors'

.o t he r than those us:dinthis

~t,-!dY

~hf,_c~. (~fluenc~ t~acher

utll'lza ttonof t'he,s'chool

libr~~;~';.-'-.~ ."

;,..""" ,1 ,:, , 1. , , " , ; ,.'~<

::~,, "\ ^"

10;1'••'"

·,,'~'..,

t. :.

-\.

'>'t ".

1.::,.

"C"

,.

4.

'...

Statementof:t~e.~r~~lem.·;.'•..•"," ~4

,", " J . :::h~~::::::~::\/~'::: ~ : : :: :::: : : : ::::::~;

Coll~c'ti'?,9 ~ ~~d"

Trea."tment '

at'.

the Data•.:.•.';

:-.29 .. · ·

Dev.~\opme~t^and.Va lida't i on',o f_lth.~ : .

·.~Il s t rument•.•.••••• •"••••.""'7,,~~\'t:•••• ••;•29-:- Design of the.Que s d ~n~a i re .:....~.:.••

....,''t

"l-

': ,.:

'...,

~1 Cha pte r

:'

,

-,,,

.'--,.,.<:

; ",; If .'," ~: 1/.

'".Page

..

"

;~: ^.:;."("'.

...

~BACKC ROU NDTOTHE S'ft.I:DY .'.;:

,

.

CHAPTE~1 /.

'.Introduct i on

l..;

~:Jt~~g;':

",

'

..

.~^~','.~-.

.Recenc'de~efopment-s ^1n'cur i'l dul tim"andtn s r rue-

~

^...

.,.>'.~

^{....-. '. ':}

C1.~nal · [eChri~q~e~

^have

·c~hang.ei t~e

c;ad1':lonal. '

:,

':: :,:~;

^{memortz.sclon}

rt ~~ail a'pp~oach to : le~rnfng: ;;' N~' lOnger

^is'

" ',\; i!('; ;,~6~ u:~ ~; >~i~gl~, t~X;b?O~ ~~d . :~~c~er :7'.n~ti ~n

~

. .... ,.i; ';} ;:'

.~d.~.qUate;,~o>pr~pare st~~rt's;"~Oi:.!lvfn~<^In't~ct,~Y~^{s world}_t^:

'.

""~

l(

tr~,da'~is~c~dentsarelreq~;red;tob);',ac.t1ve p~r~i'~lPancs'

';:

'~

<.

. ,

.t o•. .

. .... .

^(-

··'··:,'·;:r~;~~~~ :

.,~.~

... ' j. : .:{; }':;

:;;.~faci l1~ate ^le arning andtea,c~i,n8'^{dep e nO$},up0,,",.~hi~excepY" .':',::.<',",,:-".~.{

. ' ~ ~:,~: .~ ';I~o

^{whlcli ['he}

~e~eher,ln'nu~n~es ~he effe~~ i~~ .~~~f?.t: tn~..~ ', .'; ~'.:'(B~

'. _{i1 11 ~} " . . ' . . - , -.. ', '

. 'l

;1' :t

,~

.\ ?!"0c;l lib ..

^{rary. .,," -' .} ..~. '-'.

. :.. '~~y . \;} j' "..

^1..

.. _{:r~ .·.\} ." .. _~ ...,

...:.

. ^.:

'"

.0,•

,.

:.,

,::

~:.

,,"...

IdChoughdie·schoo l 1ib:r~ryhas fo r-s ome timp b~~naC,~ept ed ~n an'·lmporta.n~ ~a\tofthe educetfcnel

•pr-ogra m. the re ha's bee~'^no'a't>t~mP.tmade iiiNewfoundjand . - ) ' 'a-:,d La bra do r to

dererml~e

^the

~xten't

^to

~h'chh,gn

^,,1,001'

'":;te~dhersus e,t h~ scjrooj l~b!~ry':~rto'd~t e r~ nE'the .

'~ r.e£~ons^{wh ythe y.do ordo'not use their sehco t} Il bra~y . This

S.t~dY

^was

un4e.r·take~"primarll y

^{as ana}c't eo mp t .toidenu ; x."

iac~ tend~ng

^{eith er co'}

enc6ut:,ag~\~\~"

det"e:r,

the:' -u~e o~

the high

SCho~l

11.brbY's s

par~ ~ ~?: .thE"

-,' t'eaching,,:"l~ar~ing·proc;e s s,and,t o'detelJlll ~e~^thew~y~~'in' .

\....-:- -wh ic'h

tea.th~r.s ~~ke '\o-use'

^{.of the}

servL~el';rovided' bY :~

^\

.:~

the,.~·~.~~n .~ChOOl li~ta~~,

.

..',HiSCod l;:al,d eve,l0P'rl.e nt ~fs~_hoOI.1.i~raT.( i~

• "

~or m~~~;~~an

^{. ,a}

ce~~ury lead;"~;d;)ator,

.

^{~ , ,} " ' "

in North Amer 'ic;a hav et:F c ogn~ zed che,l ltlpo r.t a nct'of0 •

11,bt'sryservicesto\he

._in;tr~ctio~i~t ~~~~~a~

^of'the,.

sch~olo ^{in the}e8.ltl~".~~8.rs^of i~s' de~~'?'r""en~'. ^{the ;} l-ibrsry;"as<·~jO~'rl'··:8 plfac'e:~vhe're stud'en'ts .o b t af.ned

~:\i/ :--; ',' >~,.>., "h~;''''

^for·

supeif'!in~nt'~:Y';~adingo T~i $. c~'iiractei-istic

• .:. "", ,.: "I' '. of ;; "'.""!' ",_ ...

.,conti~ued toe'tist'a s."t:h e-chiei';featu~~'of tHe~~~~Ol

themt-dlq&9~s ~ .I.t t·hat timeseboct

"~ ^.

. . . .

"

l~~~'_ . ^,

_~;l1br8.r ie.sinma~yparts of the U~.1te~.S t 8t e s and In scree

:,._ ""'parts of Canada'be ga n tobe Influe~cea

by

a t;'ei'iod of

ma)or cha ngeIn..educad,on.· The exp-los~onl .of know) e g e .

.';'s t e1"1015.

'c o mblli e dwiththe:ra pi"d growt h Ined ucat iona l techno l og y!

"~~de

^::the"

t~a,d1t'i~;:l ~ p.pr~aCh

^to

1~8,~nl~i'.

^and'

teach~rg '

.se e m inad eq uat e for'prepar tog"s t uden't s for;life-in the

. '~'e6-~'rid' h alf of

:thetwenl;';ith

:t:erit~ry .

Learn ee-cenc er es

; :::r::::t:·:z::~:::::g:~:::::~:·;~::~~?oc~~~~~:~h

. diH~nal' methO\S ~f

us in g

a

si ng le,

textbo~k and

ceecher

~:.;~>

~~Pl~'n~tl~n. P?e,-,~~w ~pproaCh~S~qu.i~e ·stu~ent.s 'a~d

,teac he rs to have access to,a.wtde.var-Lety of ..re50ur<:e

,,,,,~?,'

....

Inresppns~ ^to~Mose'changes,' manyr'ibta'~:r"es

: . \. {. " , . , l~:~". '

beg;.":.t o Lnc lud e non - er1nt mate r i alsand to -ex t end the i r col lectLons, ,Sc o t t,.(1 971 ) arat es tha t these ctiengee..occ,:!.rred'I nCana~a,1n't he 19 60 's.::~~cau!le ,educa to:r s r,ea l1 zed th'~tthe new eciucat i~nal progr:a~s

karl little'cha nceof suc cess wit ho u t the suppor t of.

~oc1d,'i.i br~ry

^{resources'and se}rvice s":(P. 118). ."

::" ,/ '" .: ': -,'Pr io'f

~O<: -·1958

^..

~ery f~w s Cho~l~

ⁱⁿ

~e~fo~n:dland

^,

. , '"

an~' Labrador: ::~~d ~ ,~~hObl;

^{'libra ry.':}

Th05~.;~R~t..'d~,d'~~:·re

^-,,-

~ ''t.l~uall Y ~lgh' : ~choo15

^ina

~eW', urban , cent~'~s,

^.

'o/~he'

.'~..

," ,)

"

,4

·pro~i nc e. At'that timeth egovernment made a Sf''(iOU5 effor t toenco~~.':ge~hede~~lopment.and"gro'tlt hof schoo l l ibrar'iesthroughout th~province. Li b r a r y gran,ts•.. aI'though'me~gre,were pT?vhh;'d bythe'g o ver n mpryt.tp 'S C·hOO!~_:.b(lardS^{as a';i}nc e n t i vetoe'stabl:lS~^school

lib! ary coUection s•

•GraUer:(19 6 7) reported that,t h e,li b r a r y grant wa s,a~'^{tha t-time,'}bas~d'^{on the'} numb~r~f^{,ro qms·i n.a} ,school and

~as al locat~d ~n

^{the.followingscale; .}

1 -' 3rooms $ 50'pet:'year 4,..- IO"rooms ~100.p£>r;lear':

'over 10 rooms -..f200 ReTyear

Many.scbocts , howe v er,did not apply for th e spe cial

, ,

libr~rygrant.and.In the:;choolyeflT1964-6~ .37,_tt.t of the.s ch? ols in theP,T0vince igrlOred th~ ·g~an·t.

Signifi cant'c hang e s in thestt-ucture of cbe

Ub~ary"

^s.nnt

~oon

^{fOll o we d" Tht>}

Cr1~E"~i8

^{·f o r.awarding}

.t~e:,gra~,t·was chang~dho m.i~hoOI^{,sIz e} to e rudenc pp,r' capita.r ate ,.,andvt he school·boards, rathertha n; -

,

. ' .

in~i vi d u,a1sebec!s , we r e given theschool.JI brary

',' ' " " , I ' _-

gran t .."

In'~ddltiori to the ~ncent1 vt>pr OVi d E"<\by .i~pr~.v,~d,1flb~B~Y'gr~.nt~ ^{to school}board~, ^ehe t'Sta~~,ls.h ­

m~~t a~d gro~h'of schoo l libr.a rf f ,swa s Inffuen c ed by

" /

..,,/ ''

-,-.

.... .

I

..ot.her de vel opm e nt s wh i ch occure dIn thepeovrnce ~t^that;

',;. .

.

ti me.

Dur ingthe 1970 ' s the Fede rel Gover nmentof -~~....-eanada•. thro u g h its Depa rt ment of Re gional Econo mi c Expan si on, prov ided speCl. ~lgr an ts to th i s-p.l0vLn c"e for'buildin g school s ."T heseDREE sc hool s . asthe y'were known, incl udedade q uate Lfbrar-y-s pa c e ,fur n i t ur e,

' 1

8y dlo-visua'1equi pme n tan d'

a-~i;;~l~~~ll,ection

^of',echcot

libr~~ybooks. Inmany:lnstan~,is'these'~chool sserved as.mod e is for ex i s t i ng

a~d

'new'schools.. "':}r .

~

~t -the

^{same..time"there'was a grow ing.'}

~o~mLttment.

^.<U

by-eor-e and~~re ^{edmtnt s}cretcr- s t.othe phi lo s oph y tha t . school Itbr.arl e s:are

;,.porl;~~t 'to

the-

edv~atLo~al

^{prog ram}

~

Of,

sl "E'

sc hoo l. . ' ,

AlSO, at aboutthesame.Hme theFa c ult y of ":.~;

Ed ucattcn at

Memorl al '~u~i

^{vers le y}emba ,r k.:d upon'a , .t rdn i ng'programfo-r-schocf Ii brarf sI) 50'

. '

.

As"a result 0.£the sedeve lcpments , manysc hco t board s began'tomak e$ ser io us eff oi "{

t'o

~sta'blis h Lfbr-er-Les inall thei r high schocl.e,

, ,

. .

\

/ '

,. .

~...r

'rneImport an" of a schoo l li,brst'y

The importa nce an dfun~t f_~~of,the scbco't-, l1br ar:y or 1.e~r~!1rgre s ourc e cent~r^{ha sbeenglven-much._,.}

atten.~ion ' ~~~rJ:~~

^the'

p ~st

^two decad es.

The_:~1m{lrl~..?n ~.

Ass.ociation.!.;;of School Libra r t e s\1t96'Q}state~^{tha t', '..}~^-.

. '._ .::'~ .. .."t,

.,ft~}1cat i oraa~. :le aders .si::'T'eSS~the'PQi nt

:ti ~~: ~ct~:~~~~~~~~~~~~ :~~q~,:l~~~ ·~'tJ~~.Jon.

"'~'-~~~~~~S~byh~~:~~~-~~ ;.~~r:r~d·~~~~, ~iR~'~~a'te-rial

^s

, ;..Su p pli e d efficient ly andeccnontcetl y,and their qijali ty and sui tabliU:tyassured . . Equal^{c \ y}""lmpQrtant ,thesc ho o I..lf bra r y . ,,,,' program",embrectitgte a ch i n g ,.glJ,l..danc e., andedvt.eory ee rvtces, fo rms aunfque

an dvita l part-"of""',qu,ifli'ty education Lp.. 4). ~<

. ' Simtla~

_• ^Vi:w;;<ttere'

exp,ress'~d '~y

_, ^che

'can~~

_'oJ.

I~'n

':~

School'U ,braryAssoc~ation".(19 67) wheq.,.t

e

.puhl Jshed".^I" "

Stand ards

~f Li~.r~~y

^{·s erv.lce fo'r}

~a~adi:~

^'School

~.

^{The '}

Assccrattorrhighlighte d the import ~ce.'_pf·.the s chool ..

i ibr~~?" '1n .reflecting tti'~ :vms

^of

gen~~a.J ';d~cat i cin

,

by' -;empha~i zi.ng ,t~i "essen~ fa!lY " ::',t~~ ~c~,6~( li brary ~ ;

^,

". Is a.nIntegra l:pa~~df.t~e^{sc hool" (p,2).}

q.."1

':.' ,

-,.,~eyeral -ed~cat~r~';·. t.ndu~.ln g

^{Mary' P:ncugt es}

'. ., --. - '- ." , .," -:»

(19~ 1'1,'Ru,ti,'AnnDa vi e s '~19 7-41 "and.Dpri s Fenn tlJI (19 77):, 's tr es s ,;th e

. i~p~t tance

^{of'tb'e H'nk}

b~fw.e-en th~

^tlbrary'"" ,

. ··C· ' ' .. . • '".

.:a~~;~.h.e Cla~sr:o.m. ll')t~ir

-r-

^{"rheSCh~Ol librarY}r

_:~mB'kesehe class r oo m_~~~:.e~.fectlve bY ~ h~ ~ng t,h,e ~/

-c,., eeecbe r an dsupp ly i ng eesou eceo nee ert et e,wh i cQ ar€t.',

.'.,'

"'.

·~,~."

"i '

S~1t:et:l'to"ttiene.eds, interestsand abilitiesof' the stude-f1ts'.i

"us eof

t~e~ ~~h"o.?l l~"!,~>~Y" fad l-i.tat~

^learning

by prov~ding'materhlJ. ~.thai app!al toth.e f~di.jidual

'le~rnlng ~1/ffer;ri~:~ of .'.s't~deTlts" It 'i~" ~'n:

^accepted

PTl'nC~lPl~Jt·h.ac.li.tude~t·s , f';~~ -: a{f'~er~~"t".~aCkg~Ou~·dS ,,~earry,'d{ffe;ent

.t hin g;>· :t

di~.fe~,\.ri:·. i~t·e~;"

^{,a nd}

t~~t

^#>

.' ''~

v

.~eti~ 1 d'r:~,~"~'~arri

^best

. ~'h~.n

^an

~~~P~~~'l'rr ';~d,e:i ~o ~everal

^'

.:,;..oc f, tht' humansenses;' (Church; 1970jPeeescn;'1969;

"

~., :,.--' ^"/

Schustt:r, 1977:; Lohrer,~_1.964 .)" "

In

Ne~fa"~ndlaric( ~~~

^'L

4 imidg:)·'lefi~l.ng

^educeuors.

, "I~' : '"~.. ' I' •i ' ' .

beve;iiho recognized.f o r ·spme time.the importance,of the school 11 bee'ry in

th~

^.

i~'st~UC~i O~~l, ~.o.~r~~.,

^{InOs "}

.b: i e f,~O,.e beR~yal'CO~'~SSr~i'len.Edutati0)lan~Youth ,.

M~. EugeneGatt~fl~£Or(.1.967) / l.i.~~,?,~i~,n

. '?t: ,

~~mori:l

,

University,put the. casestrongly,w~eJfhe"s ~a ted,tha t

, ' ,,,,,> ., . . ,~,- . ... ".' ','. :, .'

"!'! libraryw~ll,'not"",~o ~ t,muc~-tn a~s:(n~t fterms~ ~ut thE',,drni a'l.of'thiscl~ssroom.ai~,eo p,1.r 9~~.idr~'nwill

b~ i'·co..~~~y··~~-eyon~ ~~m~~"',caicuiat1.ott;·(P ; 7"iJ~ · , . "

l~rhe:'va l uE'."o f the'school library in te'"acl)ing. ..:

stud.~ts ^howto learnWB~'emphes taed.by'Br~ther.r..,:.f/ . '

Sh~ ~ ,librarian.

^at·_,^·;Bro.ther

Ri~e

^{,Hi g h}

:'S~h6cil, S~ :, '~~~~~'~"

" ~' ." ,

'.

" "

:

In a statement included.i n,a comprehen~ivebtief to'.ebe-, :

' '1\ ., ' .

. ^:

<.

\"

";"

".,

^{' . , \}

Royal Commiss1an On'Ed\,lc~ion by'Ct'oliE't'(1 96 71 ot'

'ca.~ad~ , · Llmit'~~~'::' ·~-~:'~h'~r.~ShE'a

.c o nt.E'n d E'd' that

"T,~~ · :

highsc hool libT~.~~,~~~..p'l~_~.~.mo s t·~l mp~t't a n,~ p'4r~'t n '', teaching-student,s- 'h9,Wto:-!earn" Lp , J~L The Report;pf of

Th~~ ~Yal" comm~~is:~~~~'~n: '~ducat~,on'

^(1968).

n~t ~nl~ : .'

agr-eed.

Wi;~

^the'

s~~;'; in~n~~

^•..

,b~ ,M~ .

,Ca t t i ngE'r'

andBT'';t~'t'r

Shea,

bU~:\'t ai'so''''s.t.i.e~gt'l1;d~ '~he1t'

^{views.ort rhe}

ImpcrrtD.n~e

,or "dle

s~~'~,~,l>~,~t~~y i-~;.·~~~\~ng

" "

"Lllj~ar,~er· ar~,:~ .

^{f. '}

~ '\'

:import~,ntl~anycO!flillfmt,t,~.l~,s.cho?l,sthat"!lr(>,\~ ',;-'

·~irtdt's pe~sa,bi:~.!

^'(po

~:~:),~' :~',' '~,'

^..

' :"~: _

^',,',

~.~, .:~

^,

'Th~ '~~~'or t ',.~<:~he:t~~.~

^F0t:,se'on

E:du-C:a~r~~

^(1979):

af .H f nie d

the;:!.in~.~ft~r¥~~~~~(,thE: ~l,b,;a~,y (,~ t'~e'. ~C~~.9_1

prog ra m. ,~ tse~ted t,t'!~ ~..,.'l;:\,••~,he.n..~c e s,~ftr'f? ,' so.t,!o o,l ,l1 b,rar"f.(> s

' a~~ : m~d'i~ ,se'r'~'{~'~'s cann'6~ 'l:';" den.ie~, :'a~.a ~r. ~

posit~o~

_{,.'•. ."}^1s,, : ,("

t~'at',

.,

s~c~"

' '::

~~;~;ces

:',:'~'::"(,^{,.Obgh t}" ^t'"^o.be'.•

Rrovid~~

>' .,~';.

J...

; ^{,I '} ,:>~: ; id t hf r_.by'Sc ho~l,~?a rd s.»>!,(~~reccty..~y\the-.oe-partmlf"~

o f EdUC~:~::~;:~~o:O:{~:~;'gJ~~~t"n' ,

;

,utll:l~z;tt.O:~.

^{,Of> .}

func;,,~o~~~.~ '~~~C,h001.

^{'., . $'';.}

fo und tn anu mbe r of reseeech-suudtes, Prom1nen~among themare

s tudleJ '~ by Ba~rtl~~~~

^09651-.;

B~be'y C;· _{6~';~ '}

.. 'j',.~,:'. ',',, ':' ,," ,

,">.' , " .

Becker (l970);Greve C~974,)" al;ld'Mcpowell f'197i)

'/'

.;.,"

' i,1

,

....

_{: i '···}

^{I,:,d:;~ '}

'-,

,.

^,-

9'

,,'

~, ,",

the.

exte nt to whf:ch'the teache r.usPs't he,l1brar,y ls:a

d~t~rll';lning fac~or

^{in the}

effec tiVe:l:,us~'of r~$~"Ut-~~

s~r'(i ces ,

^{by the}

~tudents .

^.

.The,Newfoundlan~ Dep~rt.~en.t.,~f1~cat! on (198~)

repon~d·i n.th~ Newsl~t terthat ,,: ',.":"J .'. -. .

.~ :

^a

statis:t;1.~"al

^{test of}

S i~~~\f'~~'al:i~e ':of,

~the composite te st sc,a,res(Ca~ad1r:an ,

~ I:~ ta~ft~:s~~Sr.St;~~~~ ·~~~~t~I~:~t~~e~:tter

score sfromschccteha vi ng"..li_tL-~de q~ate ; lev.el.,a f library·se r vic e s. fr,omthos~", M . . '

wit h rna dequate serviee~,•..•;!I l t's e ems thatwe cansay witb re.s'sonpbleiconfi dence (sU,tls tics lly) th$t.pr oxl s i onof schoo.!

·.li b,~ryservrces to cue students posit,lvely· .,

~}':lflu9n~..e s t~e~r.~yer..all,~c;~fevemen.t}~:-"3l-.: \'(

¥.,'. _.. , . .

-.~

^{" .}

,t ~ .. ~ 'l . . ",~~:

'.Te~che.ruse~'of t~hi gh,school.lib r ary .'s~a~~merit:~

'by

ee n c vned.educa..tor_~~ndt:'~search~,rs expl~inand-'empha s i z e the"I:mpo rtancE!o'f 'th e ~~h061' libra'rx In

.f~~ft l~-ing 'the ~oalS '6 f

^{the f}tir r.lculumand in me et i ng the,~.nd!~!dual,..:~eedsand inte;~st5of .che studen ts'. ,.H~wever, lit t le , i feny cbtng, is' knoenahoyt

the " e·~t~~r ·t'oWhi.C~

^,high'

sChi,~l ' tea_ih~rs

^{inth iS;: "}

prcvj.nce

'ut~lize

^t'h'elibrary

,i.~ "the.~r SC.hool; ~or:' a~~~t

the-.fa ctorswhl c h.'de~erml ne,'the ~xt eni::',o'f ejie'te ~ c her 's".

'u-s~

^or

.~on,;-ur;e:

^{of the}

s~hool' .l~brary . '

^{. '}

.stncethe teacher provides.t;heil nkbet wee nj:h;e

s tude~t . thP\urricul,u~

^and'

th~

^{'lbrary, it}

~!~'ms

^tha;r:··

^"5.'.'

~,

' \' ^.

^{, '.""}

J : . , . /

.:-..:..,

, ~ ": , .-:;0,

Lea'dlngeducato~shaw; made- rhepoi nt tha,t~he- ...

teache r'suse of the 1 ibrary 1..5,impor~ant",:,t~'the-\.

-effective use of le a rn ingre sour-ces, DonW.,J~mes (1966 t·· ,decl a r e d t.ha.t"t.heproductive·l nvol. vP~,E'nt

-t.

teach~:s⁰

isour,grea t.es t chall,~nge^tn maklng~^{a 11b'Tit"fypr.ogra m}

'-

~ - ,

·'.}r.~" I.ngfuI '~~Ip , 5461. Shirley~l~lr^1197,8).p,oi n tsou.t

that,~>Ift.he school_.libr-lria n l.sto serve the aeudencs

thro.~~th e tea che r's pr ogr am , the.t:E"t:)cher b(>Cci"~e~.fth~

,mos t im.l'!'ed i a t e and indLspensabl'e1inkto eVe o-tiv t>,u~e, of,t he s;.hool:~e ~oui-c'(>,c e nt t>r " Ip,·9~,',:

::"

, Despa;'·~~e"grqWi~g"r e c c gnttil?ri~of^th'E', .i~porta·hce,b&,·~ti-e··teac·~e·rto th eE'ffe~tive-.us('of the

school library'. 1t".ls.apparen c fromche writer 's.peraonal observation

t·ha;·.the~e'

^are

'~'t rong~ di~fEorences

^of

.'~:'1.'.

"

opin~.onamongt~acher !,!cOnCE'~~I,:"gteacher's -useofthe

~chool l1bTar.x _·"',1.0.an atte~pt to derermtne the exte-nt

~f ^.

^{the s e}

~:d'i'~'~~r~~'~e~

^I

~.nd ~he

^re as o n s "':hy

th~Y

^exist.

thls.st~~Y,,_~~~;s-Inl,.t~~ated.'

:1. '.\

•Ne-ed for thE;,stupy

".' ~.'-,

.

,

.. ~~i:"~ft?~~} ,~(o

^{mail'·...th t school pbrary t}h e cent er . of th e·1i1's.t<r.JC;~'1~~af^{P1-ogr a m'sho uldbeba se d onan}under":.'

i.. ~~,;"lng~fif;'f~i ;;:;~t:nt,t.o.~~lch h~gh ^{,;' h oo l} t'~Ch;~' ^-

,

, 1.I~~.,c'll~''t iJ?r~ry,; a~d '~,-!~.)a,c~·or~ w h1e.t1 d'e termi'n~

^{the.i t:}

o "" ' I'.'"~'• .

', .', -. , ' . :,<:'\ ."" '

^'

^..

^,..;,

"

,.

,'\~,

~~~. ,.". I)

;',

-

_".'-.

. : 'r -

.

_use\or

.. . . '.~

_n~rt-usE'of the.,facUity., ,

This'stud,,·'i5 ~deerrieJ^{.cc be necessarybecause}

-. '. < \., .. . . . - ' .

(1)'the'rearenoda t a on the factors th a tdete_~mineth e t~ach'~r ' s'~,li~e-of the-hi g hschela l libra t y._,I n't h e'provi,nce t

.'12\? [ _{~t~d,;,, ~~Y.} ftl~:I,tt,j~~:.f~; .~~fO~~~~lb~. f~.,;. ~,+~; :. ·

-,Ii"brar: ~ an S·'l~:·Shaping.li br a r !,prog r an:s,- tom,~./!'t~c"lr.re~t: ,: 'j: '

" ::;~~ ~~ f~~~ ~[~f'!f~~ ;; " ~ .

. . _~. :~~~~~~t~f~~~~j;::= _{~Ch~OI Hbr~?:}

'_ '

:,,~~:./~'

^{-;:,:,:,{':.....t , :'..}

'~'; '

^,:

:,':~

^{'". .'.r,\}

,5,t.he~teacher 'sperbep'tio nof hi s ot' t1~r,schoct"

p;f~~llpa1l..s suP~~~t '

^fo'r,tpe

' sc~'oQI l~brary ?

^I

_6.

t~'e tea~~~r- '.~ ' p,e~c~ti~n ~{':ll~;S, ,~;~"~~r p;~~ ;

^{s :",'}

us e of

-:tht> _~~ich~~l

'I't \>r'&"ry ;;.

~ ~

^{" l ';}

:/

~~ "J~~ '

\.,:":

s:\:

... .

^'

^..

'"~'::-

..

,12·

, .','

" ~

:7 . se,le c~ed features of th e sebe c! library?

·8..the'sUbj~~t~'s }'u:~ght1' gr~d~($:)tUugh·t.1

" 'Sco~e

^{.and-li mitations}

, .

. )'"f~ ' ~ t:upy ·~ ~ ~.s~r:t~ .d'+ SU.~V~~

^{of tho. '}

. ",u~r ~f~,s~~.~~~.l~bra,~,i.eSr.byh.1Jhs~hiol'~!a~l)ersI~tWO

sc hool di s t r i ct s In Newfoundla nd andLabra do r : Te

v~e~

^of

~~h~:~ " t;ache;/w~ulci :s~~~ i J

^{be ep ;'}

' ~Y'~e

,

oftti~~

^..VfeWS

,.of~it~e _~~.J~·r~:t:~of~ h:l~\_S·~tiOo.l ,.~eache;~

conce.-:-.?.1'ng-~he.l.~~,·~~'the.schoo l libr ar y ,~-Howe've r:, caudo" sfloul~_+~,e:'us'ed'In a~y at te~~c to gem;ral,.tze:

.C:onc1~.siofl~

t6

,te8:fhers i~'other- sc~h,?ol^{'d.i stri ct s"i··}

~t·here'~ex·iS·i:,s. t~ePOSSib1l-l.t·Y.Of d{ff~r~n~~ s betw~en

.,

"' - '.

.'"}:,

-: views

o f

th~'-'t~~eherswho'p8'"r tl ct pat·ed· In'the,:'study and

:,"' , .' ;" . ' .

".',.C,h.8 vr e ws'of ot hh teac~et:'~in high~~h901s In ot her

;:

^~

.. ..

^' _{schcct s-'d i s tr i c tsof}the provinc e.

. ,,', '.' ,'r ,

.' Informatl~nwas.sought on ly on ~ele c ted fa ct or s

te-acher 's

.-:/'

". Organization'Of'the-s t udy

',~'.

13

study.

Ghapr:er 1 has pr o vt de d the backgroundto-ttl!s It"

i.nC'l'~de'S·;a .d~~s-CUSSi ~~

^o'f

~~he'

^{hi stor-Ical}

" ;' ,./ '

·1. · .

^.

··.·:

^.

· ·· ·

'."

,

^{'!' ~ ''. -~}

;!

'.'-

' .,/ ,

..d

. ' .. . ..

,

...

,,,,.-.:~ .

.

/

I.:

.:..

-

:'

..

.;.

CHAPTER2 REVIEWOF RELAiEDLtT.ERATURE

}

.-Re-s earch~~i~"S.Of thp'faccors'cha t inr-J uenc~

'.

te~chers"

^.-

u~e.~f'~i15~'igh :~ c~ool lib~lr~ ·a~.~he: pxt;;E'n~

^..

to whichhigbschool,CP8chers use.the'schoOr'llbrir y.

ha~!~')le'in C8~rL~i~~~'t, ··~uri~g. th~ .pa ~(~~r~t:

^..

~ec:8d.es._·l·~

^./',-<;

\O th··. t.h~·~U.n-i·t·~ci ~~atesand::,c~n;da, ;. ·

^{. .}

~ ~ -., .

^{, ..;;}

.,~it~~~~ ~: i~[~ {~i~~~, 2

'.:.. '{nOi eat_ed' that.the~aJqrity_cf·t ea chei's w hor-espcnded

. ".; C '6 . t~e · sU~~;Y' ~~e.~~i.~~~~l rit>\ho~~ht· ~ha'c'

^{-t bE"}

schoo.l .. ,

·j ~ ~~~R,;~~ ~ ~;~lGt~:~;?::. ~ • ..

": :~::::;~~~f. :~~i;:::~; ·:::~~::d~~:!'~~:::s::: :::::' ~; ·

;:

f~r' -~6;~'~:s~ :~f:.~he

,S:Ch ool"l

ibr~ry'

^{··were·:.'}

~~ache ~~

^,did

nQ.t...hav~·s uffi c1 e-nt:tlme ; the-lib r a ry' wa's no~ quiet

··· ~.nm,1~h ; th~ fa~llit1.~~

^vere'

in adequai:~e:.

^andthe

" '

>.

15

(, , ,

"c o LlectLo nwe s in~de.guB:t{'.

No r dIn-i 196S",..'i.nves t tgat; d the attitudes. 9f hi gh school

t~achl>rs

tow8:d

~he ~<:l'.??~ l,l~t-~ry

in,.

eight~1gh'!l~hOOl^S_i

n- .

~ent ~;a.l:~~b:~~~a^•.':A,s',e.fe~'Ul.t;.

---=-o ~^an'~~l~i$l~

bf

'tti~" ;~a't~'- :~oU ~c-ced'

froiD

~~he

~~::::~:~ ;[:;r;~P~;;:,;t;, ~~~:.-'::r;~;;;~~::h:s!

of.the 1-1 brery'i~:~4ependen c ~r~m.~.Tli:Y..~~9.n·ehe_:::;,::.~'

,"

i~~;~~;t~

^OT',hel pe d.students"to become

r~~~~~~~~

proficten~'.~J'lIi.brary

i ;"

skills.

Pre':service l~structipn In.th~ ^{Tole and} -f u n ct i o n:of the Ubra"rYlO'asfound t~be highly .c~Tr~t'acedwi t h ate a c her' g"attit:'udetoward thes'chool

li b rar y. :

Sl;Ich'.factors

as :'age,

~;e~,.-.~}e~el·of..ceac~~r.

_t Tain~ n.,g.

^or

~Y~5, b~ te·athirig ~~~j:>.~den~~~.:Were

^found

tq""ave had no influeni:~s 9.~the i:ea~he-r:~ ~ ,lib1"a1"~'

\

(r.:; ;~,,:";

.!••.. -

rhat v,

"In a

~~.~cy t ~"~:l"~~~i~~ ~~.hp

f"act;ors

"i'-n~r~~";ce t~~ch~r ue.~:":~~

^t:h'p

~thO~:; :

^,I

~,~~:y

^{.e r the}

,.16

T

'U~lvn:si ~y,

^0"(:

Chl ~ago' ~

^Ji1$1\

'9cH'~~1

^1.1

~liroJ

^{;."Face-I I}

~.i,9~~ ).. :f~tiTld t~at

^the

tac't~'rs'

^{whick'mo s t ·:}

in'~"~nc't'd

'.etl p teacAEll·...Suse of·t~e'^librarywen>.: 11l. t..h·lio,"".. '

~i~cher

^"$,'

perS011al "'b~b'ir '

^of

ifJ'i

^{i n g}

th~ ^.i

¹bt:a·ry'j..,:.r:i.)',"the.

7,/,',~~~ac~;~ '

^S

.~;~~~~~.!~: ^. ,~.~ ··~f;~.?~~.~~:::l~'~~d ' i-'~~~~~c"t/ifx'"f) ^I

· ··· ;;:~ij~f~tf;l

_{ofthose have} re s ervB t f on sr.s uch".~,

ii

-,~€'.te~che r

l ~ ;!

,:,.ho

:.

•nctes that

It~e

^knowledgewas

T\Q~ ,ind l;pi~~:abJe

^but"

he l pf ul

"'t

^{p. 41).} FLldE"ll'sexpl-ana t ion4fo r tbe lerge per cen t.a g

! ' 'pf

respondents

eX~:;~Slng reser:,atlo~s' I i

,

"

tl)at map~, f themmay have felt that~ttheword "

lncls'p'~nS~~le c&nnotesanex'treme,'s'tat~n:;nt-!' ^tp, 4.21.

·:Te~che·Tsof Forei gn}..anguages'-"SOC'i'tl,]Stud ies

" ,~ ,

andEhgUs~'used"thi!--' Jibr8l'ymore frequenrty_th~ n te'llchersof oc berve ubjec c

are,as~"

, ' , V

I

^'

..

^/

, . /

. ..

.

"'-~

.

.' [0ad~ltiOn. Fadel.l _(1971l.~oundthat"a.

correlationbetween familiari,tywith cbe lib.rary and. frequencyof

uS~-;'"

^{:'.'.:h OWS}

t,~at

^{thosereacher-sWho,}

~

corls{dercnemservesvery(it'somewhatfamLlar~lththe 17

-,

/ !

",

. .

," . '

.,.COl1 ~ctt ~n ~sethp'libr~rymorefrequentlytha~~tho~e

who,d'o:n6t"ii i~",45) . . .~t;1

~eJCh0.9,74)·'ll.lv~,st~g"ated·the'us~of i.~st:r.ucttona(^media.'bi-tradit.10~al'·'·'C·Ur~lcUli.:m'ar~_~s

H.a~guage

^{·A; t s'.-}

. ~~c.~~; ~Udi.e:S·;·'.SCle~:tc·e. Mat.hl?'maH·c~~

^z:

-He al tb l.and,-inthemoretnnovatf-ve e reae:(Indus trial'

.

^.

. .

^' ...; . .

:

. .,

. . .

^' .'- ^{," "}

Arts..cer-stcurom Brcje ct ,lo.te rmed(lrte'_~c l enc e Curr~culum' :' study; Teo-en

.InVO] Vem~nt ~~;C;:,t~~). .·T.~~ t nvestlg,~t~?n

alsel if,eludedthe !:91e..o~.'.,.~eaChe~att~_~tud,estoward mediaas de t ermi n an t s,of uti"Iization. I

The

f1ndingk~ .-cif·:th~ s~u~y' re;"~'led:

^{tha t .}

~

¹⁾

.tne r e~as^a.Si~~if~ ~B·;.t:r~.rati~'nSh~·Pbetween the'·t.~pe; ,

of,c~rriC,~lump~o:g ra~.,t,radit,ional'orinnOV~tivet,and.::-,- th e e.~ten",~fut-il~-~atio~ _of i~str~tfona lm~~1a-i ^{(Z ) ,}

' 7"'\:.:

t'he~ w;s 'a- :~ lg~lf,iC:~~~

^re l a ti on s,hi p.

betwe~n .the '\~t~-t)~

^:

'r.

of te~ch~r t.itilizat·fo~ri^of"ins;truc'tl~n&l'medi~_a~d^the

tradltl~nal . currlc~lum

area.,andj'1'i

.th~r~ . w

^{as no}

' 5igni fi~,ant · rel~ tioliShiP betw~en

^{'·t h e}

·ext~it.'

^{of'tes·cher'}

uti I

iz~tion

^{an d}

'th~': inn~va~,i'~~', '~Ut:~lc~lum, 'a'rea-,s:

,

"

.

..

. ...

. r

18

Welch(19 74) conc I udedtha ~t. a c h eor' s ar'rttude

.cov ardmedia is not th~^{m8.jor...fe c t orIn dt"}.tt>rmi nlnt

.utll i zaF ion"o f fn liC

c~ionit:

^{" ;d La .. Tucher}

~hara~pr': · .

istiesof hi deg r eehe l ~andyea rs of teaching experi ence are l:nco~sequent.l aytothe:unders t and l ngof u~'iUzat1_~n'ofins t·r uc tto na l.medl~..

.z~·cha~l:as-·_{,", ' ,}·(1 9 7 5).^{studi ed}_,-, seJ~~t~d"f-;c t~~5_{' - '}

.

^that

.~/. ^:aff~ct th~''-~,ctent

o f

·.iea.ch~.rus~·

'o f'

_{m.e~I~:'F~fl-}ti'm('~~,~~

:;{ .':" ,::" .< " , '.... t~;~ch~rs enrO'~l

^e'doLn',

~~.CH ~' cl.'a~~;:s ~t'SpondE'd t~;

^{,8., ,...}

,:~uest i onn a l redea li n,gwi t h thei r'amo unt offJS £>of

. :" .

_me~Liiwithstud~nt~.. -...; ...: ~ .

. ;-..Resu lt sof an

an~lys f s.

^{of th:'"d8t8coJlected}

.:

.;

..

.'.,.

.: _.,

.. .

~,

..:.

showed:t.hat·teachersma k e-gre~t'er'^use of mediatha~'.1

ot~et"

c.eaC.he.;s.if the y see

m~dla ~.~e~Ja IS·

^{as bei ng}

,·g e ner a llyv~lu~bJe ,~^{.a nd If th e y} see ene jr-coll e a g u e s' .

a~~'I·t.Ude~··as ' b~lng. t-:YOUra~l e towa~d ~~ed ~a

^{use :}

' •." ..' NO>~ign1flcan t'dif~renc ewas'fotil'ld for su c h

:.,'.

" ~~ri~~'~~s a~:aJ:, ·~ex·; iea~

^of

te.ac.hJn~ ~x·p~rl e·ncp , ·

.,meMa·t rai nltl8'~nd'expe r i e nc e tn Its use , g·r ad·ptev et. .'

t'a}lgh·~ ~· .~(>~~t.h · ~,~ ,~l asS' ~eorfOd , a~.~lla~UI ~'Y ·O~ fr,:~ ". "

Pe;r:iO~S~:'or't~e p~esel;\c~: .df^me.dlaspecf~.1I-s:~S^onthe' st:·aff-;··~·AlSOI

"no

Slgf1l~ic'ant^dffference·wa g. foun.d ..

• ::.' between per s'on s

.

.c hc se e

'

,th t> administrat or' s^{, "} .,attltudP' to.med l a"~~el~s f.8vou r.a.b 1 f!ano thos(>,whodo not•

. . ..

J.

!"... I" . , , )

'vSctence and see ra t ~~d l'eswere ment i o ne d most freq'uentlyass~bJe.~t.s~hiCh^lend,themselve s.to .mE'.dl~us~• .'.:

'.... .

Ogm~n,

⁽¹

V~-;f:{~~~nd~ctE'd.

^a

stu~y

^:t.?

ana1~.~e

fa c t o r s'id e n tt.f i e d'·'·b,Y';ceacherswht ch.ecccas. deterrents.

• .. .<1.'."

totheutilizati 01"T?,f~ed1a·cen~er^..5ervi,c~s^.tn

,elec~ed ,econ~;r;!'~chOO'"

^In

'~an

^{ille ' b'Ci t y} 5;hoo,".

•Personal

.4n~ p~'~/;ssi~rfa'i; facto~'s' of' ~eache'rs, ~ns~ruct '~

··.i,on~l constti~,~~t~~ .'~rid' ~~~ia. c~nter'co~st~ai"rlts"were co~p~r.e~\~ti' .~~~rmine , 'if~:

^{:0 1'·}

t·ellch.~:~

^util

i~~?~iOn,

^of,

media"ce ~ te rservt ees~a_sLnfLuenced-bysexof the .tea c h!'F·:,:ye a r s. of~each~~g^{exper-tence,grade lev el of'} ..

/nst,;::~c t ~ on ,

^{subJect..areas}

. o~ 'i ns~rUC tion ,

^or

school~,

"'::~.fasslgnment.; (2)·attendancean~.parttcf pacionu n

.·'~edi~ in'ser::-,ic~w~rkShops iflfl~en'c'ed ^{the'uttl tea rfon": '}

··o f me d i a.

.

centP~^{service s}" .^-byt~aCi~E"rs ,'"^{'or the typeof} studentassign~~nt.de.vel~peQby teecher-s-'for us! ng,t hl!- media center ; (3) lac~ ~fmaterials, sUpplll!'s, equip- 'me nc, s~aff.'preduccrve "time ~r^facIU;:iesr~5trlc t.ed' .theuse of media center s ,QYteach'erso~students .

Duringehe1976-7'7 schdtol' year a 1e ri e s of

~tw.en.tY-fiVe^media:~nte:,~'ns~~,":i.ce;.'w.~~~~?p~w~~

pruented to teaclTers.tn the.sUb:,je_c,~::~J:::~$'~~..~rt...

Language.ArtsI Music and scct et·~.~.ud l e"..-Six to eight

2'0 , veeke fqflovt ngthe w6:Rshops,t>valua~ionme,E'UngsWE're-

~h;ld-

a.r:

theeigt1 ~s~h~ols invoJ ~t>d'in ene study.._OnE' .hU~d;'~d^{twel v e}t~~9'l~t.·:S^{"i,O theXour}s~bject^{a re aa}

eva h~'a tedthes'eiVi~'esprovided.by·'t he i r'me d t e cen cer e

"••.:.... .f . '.J . •-'' ,.. ;.", •

ana lde nt ffl'e d"1 et e r r e n t sco,~!"e,ut inza t1 o~.,~f.~d f O

•'';t:!J'nte rseryicis~ '. 1

.

T~e a~~'~~~,iS ~f .,te~~~~<respon,.~s .i'n~~ntf f.~.ed

^.'

, ~

re~,~sh i psbe t we en t~irteen·v~ rlab~ ~ s. PE'rso~.al and _pro f e s s!-onal Eactors, t'n s crucctone l constr,ai ~ts"

de fic ie:~c~,~s 1~

^the

'med l ~ ~.entE'rs

^•.and

at'te.~danc~

^at;

medloila"t·e.ntE'rwor ks hops, al'}:

demo~~~-r:B tt'~d

^{a,sign i fJca nt}

Lnf l uence-' upon che~s!,,'~!,

..

~h~ mt'd iacp!\ter byte oc'ht' rs an d studen ts.

•M,C< OY .11979) cOhduct ed an'i'~ves.tigat l·~n~f _ teache r ~tUi.z~ tio!l,of eecon d aa-y school libraries in,

schoolsunderthe jur is~li.ct ionof the Car leton Board of

Ed~cat.ion .

^{The stat,ed}purpo s e sOf...

t.~J ~'

^study

'~;T'e :"

(1 ) to measure'the fre qu en c y_~f^{us e'by't}e a chE'"rs o.f.'~ :>ic~on?aryschoo l librs; ies;'(2) ~.a iove st l ga,t e'tbe r":

t~esof use by.te a C.hers o ( seconda r-ysc hoo 1.'l l br ertes, and (3) to~denti£yrfac t~r's^{whi ch'fnfluence ee; ch eruse} 'of seco nda ry school 1.1brari ~ s. .

An analys is of'the da t a"o b t a i nedfr'o~ a

, (I .

"t:~

,;,.

,J.'

1-

'..~,[.'

"

, .

21-

qUestion~a~~e ~~mpieted

^by"teacher s

l ~

^{eke v e n}

se~Ond~ ry

.sch ools1n

th~, p~rl~ton 5'yst~!JI l ~dic~ted:

^ahe a vy us.e

~f

^..,

the schoo l libr ari e s by the tea:he rs-.

McCoy (197,91.rep~rtedthat,"althoug h 85%of__the. seco ndary's chool t~cher"s in t'hec<Sampl e made at,I'e ast'

', ~n'~

)/lsit to the,i bhoo l

.'~ibr.al'y,. per

^week, the mo.st.:'h

f'req~ent.~esponleis·on·£'to,t hr e e VisitS:'.'

. (p.,

~)'.

\ ,

Oft~.e reasons repoeced ffr visiting the

~,/·.Ubr~ry ; ,.~h~~··~:~e." mc:'~t f_reqU,~ntlY .gl~en

^{:wa s'}

f~.r.

acqu~~.ng,.,~atedals,cf~~.r^CIa,S5prepa rations. xnccher- ~. .

freqi.Jt>~,~:tX, st~r.ed ":'"

re as-;;'ri;

":'~,~~

to ccneutc'wi'th th e te acher-

~

)i b"ra ri~nen"matrer-s t-elatLrtg....'t6'school pr og r a ms, st~dent dlffi:tlltles,a nd

'p'rof~~S$lOnal r~~'O'ur~e ne'~ds .

^.

, ,"In

~etermi!11ng ~actors ~hat ~~fl.uenceo~.

^{teac her}

'.us e of the SChOOl:~!,ibr~ry,.,",cCoy,(19j'~1 found tha t,~;the numb el1 of teacher- li brarians'does have antmpecc

~n the;:'n~ber

^Qf'

6;'a~her~' w~o

^{ar e}

,no'n ~library

users"-

,"j ,. "I

tp .4'6 1. The lar g'ertOhe numbe ro~ ~eachet'S to,be"s,l;!'r~ed _/' by~ne teach~r,':':ltb~arian;th~'^{la r ge r,is,}_t~e pe~;~nt~~e ^.

.ofn.on,,:,~sers. Further~?re, thedatashqw~d

th.a: C:,

'~~heri' l,: s s'th':l ~a full - ti me libT!lri a nis assfgned-cc ltbrary 'd e part ment, there. :is'.~n,e ven'greate rnon:~~t>r,p~pula t ion,

,.,~.'-,,'t'_.

'-j., ,, , ..

",' ,!'

e,v;nwhe n:"thetOt8~numbe r-;of ceecbers ilj

4,

s~lio<4' 'wlt'~ 'dri~

^fUll':""t1l'\'le

l ~bradanu

^{' thanin}

,

^:

,":

22

A'i'c"houghal l subjectne s s recetved some ser~ices ^{frollJ th e} school 1j.b;ar y.hi s t ory teachers 11seed

.

.

the mo st reason~,for us in g che library,rcfJcwe d by.t hose'

in'visual art~·.dramaticares,'L a ngua g e arts and f~mi.l y.

studies.

SUMMAR,,,!,

. .

^{. " ~.}

st8temen?i'th:~~'a tE'8c b er: s kno wl e dg e of ) 1bra ?,ski 1]5 i'S;Jrnpor tan t tohi s orher:t ea'chl n g -:'

"/'^" ' - , . '

• McCoy(197~1 concl ud~dthat t~~ra t i o'o f "

_... .

teacher-}lb rari~ns't o teachers wa s a'~trong lysJg n l fJ- , . cantfa':to r-ln

~ellCher. use

^{of.,t he}

~ChOOl'

lib r a.ry . '.

~:- .'

⁾

The:11terat~rE'$'iip~stoindrcetethat"several fe cu cr-e have an iri'fllie-nce ~n t;:ea~h(>1" - ~.~e^{o,r thehI gh}

s~hoo l 1tbre ry•

. Ogman,'(19771'suggeststh~t_both'persona.1 ^and

.~.,

.. . . ^,

pr cr e s s tcnat.cha ra cter !stiesof.teache rs "and-a ttendence at

J nServlce;':~·~ rk5hOPs htI.~

^a

slg~ificant

^{Inf) ue-nee}

:~p~n

.the use of'

the"'l'~b~ary b~ te~;dh: rs .

^{j, ,}

... .,r~ i n(J9681 metntetns.~ha t pre-service ins t r u c'ti on,1'0 t:~.e·~~-e~:.f the ]i~rary ha s. a p,nst e.rve Lnfl uenceon t~achE'nJ!"\a,tti tud e s t.cwaj-d the school libra ry'. ~Th1svtev''is"s u pport e d by,f/a d ell's'(1971)

':,.'

. .

^,..~.;

.

.

^'

•';v ?"

'" ^.

··. r

. ,

/ 2~'

/" , ~

All st udies.found t.98t the subj ect.being ta ugh t' is highl y sig niflcan t in

~t;rmining

^te ach e r useof the .•chool llbrary. Soc;.l!,;tudiesand

Lan.~

^{••eAr" we "}

IlWnti~ne~,^{,mos t} freque~tJy ^{assu bj e ct} s're'aswhich~end themse!Ye'~^{to library} us~.:~',:

,~.,

> .' ..

.:.'

". I .

',,;.

.~..

' .

:~.

".

;) .,

-, CHAPTE R3

THE PROBLEM AND'T HEMETHODOLOGY Statementof the Problem

Fro mper sonal obs~rvatlon'^{Ltappearsthat hi gh} 'School eeecbers differ no tic a bl y in'their use oft~~

school library. The que.stiona~ises.·th~Tefo-rE'/asto ,"what

. fact~rs

-'~" cause

thos:'~'4ifferences

.'."

an.~_\o wh~!=

.

'

exr en t-,.

doth~yexist? '"

. . ... .

^{~" .}

.

• ';t: ,s pe c ific a.11y " t.he,st udyweede~~g~edto,'B.fcc;>m-

plis~ the-"'fo1l0Wl ~g.pu r pc s e s-: .

~

^1.

To de~t;imln(>. ~h~ e;t;n't~ t~

^{-'whi ch}

~~a.:·heors

use the t).lgh'school i.:lbr~-ry.

' . , ':.

.

r,i'.~~

^To

~at'het

i'n"form,:ttion

\; : :("805

^{o"fa '"'}

...':>• qu~~t)onnaire.00.i:hefoll~wingpe"rS-Qn~i:·';nd'

-

~rOfes~~on.al.~~a~8ct~,rt,StiCS" Of~:?,he~s { . :,

^{\'/ .}

.I,. Ifil ).the,neecherts pe r sena l..":ttar~ ctE" ri st{C~:

·.{- ~la~ ^.../,.,

- .

'

..

r sctcs:

.: .;Jl,)'l e ve l of'iea c h'e l",

ti"~lnf ~~ :'

( i t )

.l,;·ij~l

^of

li bra~Y'~·d'r.~'1.0.i:~;·

<,

24

>:

/.

.'

^.

" ,

'!: 25 .:,

-,~.~,i,~.teachingexper ience -../c') the'teache r 'sattHud~ to~ardschool

"",

tlbra rf es in genera) -, (~") t~-·teaC'h,e rlsattitutletoward hisor

he~'O~~"'~ChOOl

^{ubr a ;y "}

«e")

the'teactle'r's

kno~ledge

^{abo u t hisor}

.~'!;rOI\~,~~hOOl .i ibrar~"

(f)'t'h~sub ject;te)'ee ugbe.by the eeeche r , (g)i.th e grade"(s).taugh t by the te a,ch e r (h)·the t,eacher'spercep~ionof the

princi pal'ssuppo rtfor the schoo l.

!ibra ry

(i)the teecher'~^{perceptionof his or} her peer's useofth~school l1bra~y 3.

B'~ ~'n~lyzing ';he

data , to dete rmi ne whethe t:

t~~^ebcveme';t~on~d·^{perso nalanti} pr o f e s si on,a I"

char~cterist1csinf luen c e teachef"s use of' theschoo l libra r y. , \..';

~^"

. .

:".~

, ".,- ',"

.

c,

·' :"_f'

..

"

"",'

,26

THE'QUESTION

The.1~ve~tlg.~t[.oh'cf.~t;~,p:r~,bl'em'~atedabove

'wa sgUi9e:~ by' the"-'f o ll o wingq:ote~noni ''

I'~:th~ ~~a'Cher'S

^{use of't h e}

hig~

's c hoo i library

~nt" ~uet'ced by the follow i ng factors:

a. the't~ach~t:'.S.personal,cheraccertatf cs i..'age. :

it,'

iex

b,; the te a ch er ' sprcressrcoe r cha rac te ii's-tiCli 1'. IeveL'bfee e cb ertrai ning'

iJ.. le~:;~' of .llbr~r·Y · t~aining

.il i. years 'teachfng(o~periJ!ncto"

th e'teacher ~ s attit'l\~~ toward school, 1d:brarln

In g.~neril l

d.thf t~acher 's attitude.toward ht s or her own

sch~ol

^library"'-.

.j

~h! ' t~acher '

⁵

kn~~l,.~~.~ ' J.~oul

^{hi s;o,r-}

~~r

'" ,"w,c.~sc ho'OlLdbr-ary ,

,

^~t,.,,;" bJ ectls )

","g' " ,"y,. n.

ce a ch e r.

.':'fl

\2 7"

Methodol og y

.j.... -:

"

~,'<

.•

I~ ·~.~~~r " 1;; an~~e"r

^the

qUe~t.lon.

^{··i t.}was decided

to.,coilect d"ata~through'the.'us e'of a"ma tI ques tl ~nnaire..

~~k~;?t.h~;'}o~ms

^of'

~'~,~'y~y r~ ~ear~h .

^the

~al.l q~e~tf.on­

':'--:.'mit

re. . ·'h~s.

^both.:

a~vanta:ges.

and dt eedvenreges

w~lch

^t.h:

,~,;

:."

':;':

" '/'~ ':. ~ ,~ :~:~

.

^...

....

^,~'. ,.'..,.

:. ' -

,

.

~:.~,~.:

: ' , :,':.':> .

..,

..

,;...

-

..

:~(?~.: '~: ":i;tti~ii .~:~r~:~::::~~m :h ,:::,::" :~:~::~!O:::i,': . i.~ ^e

: /'. , ' _. ;: , >C~::j~dt::~::n~:~~~~~::. ~.t:~:~:::e··(:l:;·Ji:.::r:::~::?:)! . ,. ," C

.:».~.o,n-r~spor'l~~nt.s.·canha r d ly.·b! ';cons~?el'edr~pi"es~ntat ~ve. .'''--,

' ~f t,h; .. t.;:: r;:~7ml::~·::i!~:~~~g~.o; ~S1~~ t~j '. · ,<. t: ' /

^'C'

. . :::~:~:'~~i:;;:9i~(iS;[~:::tt~':t";i.· ; . ..•.•.

;, '-

. r\..

r

^28.

.data':by a s1 ngte device wfCham1T)i;'um expe nseof money

-'

^,"

""-:

..

"'-.

. , '

and time.•

..<?th,er-a~va1'll:age ~.

o J

th~ qoesctonne t rewer~'t hat it per~~tt.e~ o-o q ec ti~n.o f~ datawhf chc~uldnot be collected:by.'

o.bs'er'"v~t1~n '

alone. and the ttme to conduct

. ':, :; : :'-"~·/~_t~,~.~~~ws:,:;~~,s prOhlbitiV~ ; '

^the

iIllPersoh~(;'aturE';; Of

^{th e}

;q"e."Olo" oal re~as.ex p ec t e dtoeli~c}tmor-e'obJe~tt v("

'....,.;:.·>.,. :, po,,,~ ,•.an'~)h,~ty'pe,~f'info rmationsought.''ccut dbe saCisfactori lyby means of'a queeetonnati-e.

.'

"'.

CHAPTER"4

COLLECTION AND TREA"TMENT l)F~THEDATA

- i :

^.'I:he

pu~ose

^{of this}

~.r~d~_~as ·-.to. l ri.'!.estl.g~ te

the facto,rs that in'fluenceor'

af{ec-~ t~~ther

'u s eof the high schoo l library. ThiS:

.chl!f~~~ef d~sc.~i~.es

^the

procedure.us~d in the investigation--- the type of instrument"used..th~^-d~si~n8:,d validation 9f':th~

in.\tru'ment . the s~le~tronofthe.s~~plean~..the:

," .~

.

co ll e c t i on.andtrea~men.~0"£~hedata"{

Development,and Validation'of the Ins trumen t\

...'

..

. ^:

.~"

29

.',

....

"The me'thcd chosento ccttecc data for the

studyW~!!the use of asurvey_ q~e s t i onna l re. As Cheri'!

existed no questionnaire tha"t would elicit the. infor- matio'n needed tote s t the

hypo~heses.

^{i t'}

w~s

^necessary

.to develop ~nespecifically for~this study. V.'·

"Inc~nsul~t;l..onwith-the Director.of the...

Division'ofLearningResources.ind otherJtembers of . the Faculty of Educationat~e~orialUniversity, a

.

. . . *"" . . ~ ·e~tionn~i.~~ sUit.bl~ f~r

^{use in}

t~is

study was con-

". " , c t e d. .-

• i' • ~

',' ^.

30

' . . '

A-ttr st draft of,th.eqUE'sti ,onnalre.was sU~1tted for'validation tomember-sof the'.Fac L,~yof Education at

,

^{' " '}

. .

^, - ,

.

MemorialUntve rsty,the p~ovinclal.li"br a,r y consultan e'. . a high school principal, a!lbr~r'y-mediaspe~lalist . a school I1b~ariatf'and several high schoor,teachers,','In • accor,~ance _,_wit h~~Ug~~,s t l on sand rec"omt~ndat{-onseman a t i ng , fro11\'the-evetcar rcns,sOme·ml nc.iT~c ~ang~ swere'ma d E', The. ,.F~yf-s~~~':'qllest'1 onna-i-l"e,,"loJa s-t .he n eseatned.by e~pert'

:;~.q.ts ,6t·. ~:dc;~~nd t~'j~:,:~c,~~ab.~" _' ^{.•.. • ... .. .}

'.. :. ::. " DeSig~.~-tl-iequest'l'~~tl~ ire'

'" _!~~. q':l~.s~~onnh~re

^{. cc n s Lsted of s I x}

~·E'cti ~ns . ~'

Secti o;';i\'-'asked"fdr fnformationabout the schoo) In- whie'h

:\h~' ;;'~,s ~~ndent

^was

"~eaCh~n·g:'~.,.

^-ThE"

,charac.te~J

^s'tIcs

~f '~h/:sc'~O'~{" whl Ch ttie· qu(li~·~'Onhal re·· SG~ht t~

^{de te rmtne}

were~~~, _. .s;~de' _, ^{:ange ·,"} t'~e n~~be'\'''of: ~"t~e~ts

_",~.

.

^{and the}

number

of

"teacher s, .' •

... ::~tion ^B d~'!.~ .~lt.t:bo't~ p,rso~al .:d ~ .

pr o fes stO'l1fl1chara);: l:~ d 9,t: ~ c s of'the respondents, 'lhey

were- 'as~~a '

^to

sta~~~:\h~:~i·:~.8e·.<'sext le~el

^of

tea~hlng ceTti'flcate,.':-,h"umbe;··~~: ~:~~.~

^{,o f"t}e a ch 1n g expe rte nce;'

".grades and"eubjecce ta~ghi::.and whet her-orno t th;ir

"i ea c he r

trainin~ -had

^{1'nciud'edjnee ruc.ttcnin' the}

~se

\ . •_. " • I'. . . ~I,.~,' .,,' >

-i• ', '

' ^.

..

_'.

.'.'

-

:.' : .... .,

.

\

":'.

\

,. '

"'~

:,-.'.':

31

of

^the sc.~~of.'"libraryand in,t heus~of,aUdio-vi-~~ai:

erecer raj s and equipment. _ .

·, t.:'E!'Spond.e~ts w~re'.;·~ed'~~ sec~~~

^G

^{r: d} h~dic.at.e h.o~ 'th~Y

^felt

·abOl.~t

^school..

~igrad.es i~'gen:ra'1

^{,b y .",-.'}

.ctret ing one',~fthe.'r~spon!}es~accompa~yingeach'

state- ' .

meot

\0

rhe section. The respon~esranged from"strongl y

Se5t1o~-D-wasdesigned.toeli:c.i(;nfo-rm~~lo.n· about (a) the teacher' s knowl~dge,o f'hlsor her.ow,:, .sch~ol library, and {bl theteach~~'s ^level.of.

~~t l :factl on \wi th

^hi'sor

~er o~~ '~C~OOl :'li.braT'y' : T~'·'

obtain thistnrormat'£OIi ,

two

setso(.!_e.sp~nses^were' provided (or eachit~m...~nthis sec t ! ? o', Se t A~espo.n.ses Indicated the extent oftheteacheri~:knowled&e'abcur'

- \., ".

c~rtain'fe a t ure s of hisor her,own schcct librar y , a1'!d Set Brespon~es indicat~-t be"fe ac ~er·.'_s level"-ofs~ti~..;.

.faction with his orher"o~~^scho,?I"Ubrary.

"teems in Section.E.askedtherespondencet.o.

indicateth~i;'p~rCeptio,~~'f"t he i r"sehoct .principal'5

" ", '. "

. . .

^~, . " ' " '.-

. . '

^{" "}

support for th,:school,:l1brary."ansi theirperception~.f the

e ~7,to

^which

thei~. p~~r"s·

^used

't,he ::h~Ol

^library.

l )

/