P431 Nutrition and Cancers
The roles of indole-3-carbinol, a compound
derived from cruciferous vegetable
derivatives in activated
macrophage-induced angiogenesus
Mei-Lin Wang; Yue-Hwa Chen
Room 656, teaching and research building, 250 Wu-Xin Street, Taipei City, Taiwan
Previously, we have shown that indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a com-pound derived from cruciferous vegetable, inhibits different inflam-matory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages and suppresses angiogenic markers in vascular endothelial cells. Because the activated macrophages may release angiogenic factors to induce angiogenesis, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects I3C on activated macrophage-induced angiogenesis. In co-cultivated macrophages and vascular endothelial cells, LPS signifi-cantly enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production and tube formation, whereas cotreatment with I3C inhibited such enhancement. To clarify the roles of I3C on macrophages, the macrophages were treated with LPS as well as I3C or NO synthase inhibitor, Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and the treated condition medium (CM) was used to cultivate vascular endothelial cells. The results indicated that I3C or L-NAME containing CM significantly inhibited CM-stimulated tube formation, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity. To understand the effects of I3C or L-NAME on vascular endothelial cells, the LPS-activated macrophage CM was used to cultivate vascular endothelial cells in the presence of I3C or L-NAME. The results showed that I3C and L-NAME inhibited CM-induced NO production, tube formation, VEGF secretion and, MMP-9 activity in vascular endothelial cells. In summary, we demonstrate that the cruciferous vegetable derivative, I3C, not only inhibits LPS stimulated macrophage activation but also affects vascular endothelial cells to inhibit macrophage-induced angiogenesis, and such effect is dependent upon NO production.
P432 Nutrition and Cancers
Time kinetics of Cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2)
and Glutathione-S-Transferase T2 (GSTT2)
and Catalase (CAT) gene expression in HT29
colon tumour cells after treatment with
butyrate
Nina Habermann; Selvaraju Veeriah; Beatrice Louise Pool-Zobel
Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute for Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany The short-chain fatty acid butyrate is produced in the gut by fer-mentation of dietary fibre. It is used for in vitro evaluation of colon cancer prevention. For this, its impact on gene expression is of value, especially of those genes playing a role in the detoxification of xeno-biotics (e.g. GSTT2) and reactive oxygen species (CAT) as well as in P430 Nutrition and Cancers
The monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 is a
marker of the colonocyte exposure to
butyrate
R. Thibault1,2; P. de Coppet1; J. Menanteau3; B. Buecher2;
J.P. Galmiche2; C. Hoebler1; J.P. Segain1
1UMR University, National Institute of Agronomic
Research, 2Department of Gastroenterology and
Nutritional Support, University Hospital of Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, Nantes, 3INSERM
U601, Department of Cancer Research
Introduction: The short chain fatty acid butyrate could play a pivotal role in the prevention of colorectal cancer. There is no avail-able marker of butyrate exposure to the colonic epithelium. Butyrate uptake into the colonocyte involves the monocarboxylate transporter 1, MCT1. Aims: To determine 1) the functionality of MCT1 in vivo and 2) the regulation of MCT1 expression by butyrate-producing dietary fibers and butyrate.
Methods: Rats received a 16-hour saline or cyanohydroxycinna-mate (CHC) (a specific MCT1 inhibitor) cæcal infusion, then a 6-hour butyrate infusion. Mice were fed 3 weeks with standard or fructo-oligo-saccharides (FOS)-enriched diet. HT-29 cells were cul-tured with butyrate. Intestinal biopsies were collected from 10 healthy subjects. Rectal biopsies were obtained from healthy volunteers before and after 15 days of butyrate daily intra-rectal enemas. Luminal butyrate concentrations were determined by gas chromatog-raphy. MCT1 expression was analyzed by RT-PCR and immunofluo-rescence.
Results: Intra-cæcal butyrate concentrations were higher in CHC-treated rats than in controls (35 10 vs 14 5 mmol/g, P 0.01). In healthy subjects and rats, MCT1 mRNA expression was higher in colon than ileum (P 0.01). MCT1 mRNA levels were increased in FOS-fed mice caecum (P 0.05). In HT-29 cells and healthy volun-teers, butyrate significantly increased MCT1 expression.
Conclusion: In vivo blockade of butyrate uptake with CHC sug-gests that MCT1 is the butyrate transporter into the colonocyte in vivo. MCT1 levels are correlated with the site of butyrate production (colon). In vivo (FOS-enriched diet and butyrate enemas) and in vitro (HT-29), butyrate positively regulates MCT1 expression. We con-clude that MCT1 could be a marker of butyrate exposure in the colonic mucosa.
had different effects on the expression and/or protein activity of the membrane receptors ErbB family, p21Ras and Akt. Finally, we carried out a wide screening of genes differentially expressed using microar-rays. The HCO diet induced a significant decrease in the mRNA levels of submaxillary a-2u-globulin, VDUP1, H19 and an unknown gene. However, the HOO diet did not induce these changes. The differential modulation of gene function by high diets was associated to their dif-ferent effect on the clinical and histopathologic features of tumors.
P434 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
A hypocholesterolemic bicarbonated mineral
water modifies insuline sensitivity
S. Schoppen1; F.J. Sánchez-Muniz2; AM Pérez-Granados1;
S. Navas-Carretero1; B. Sarriá1; J.A. Gómez-Gerique3;
M.P. Vaquero1
1Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Instituto del
Frío (CSIC), 2Department of Nutrition, Pharmacy Faculty,
Complutense University, Madrid, 3Department of Clinical
Análisis, Marqués de Valdecilla Hospital, Santander, Spain Background: Several clinical studies have investigated the health benefits of mineral waters in relation to chronic diseases. Our research group observed that drinking a sodium-rich carbonated min-eral water during 2 months reduces cardiovascular risk and fasting glucose in postmenopausal women (1).
Aim: To study the effects of drinking 0.5L of two sodium-rich bicarbonated mineral waters (BMW-1 and 2), with a standard meal, on postprandial insulin and glucose changes; and to determine, if the effects vary depending on subject’s insulin resistance.
Methods: In a 3-way randomized crossover study, 18 healthy postmenopausal women consumed BMW-1 and BMW-2 and a low-mineral water (LMW) with a standard fat-rich meal. Fasting and postprandial blood samples were taken at 30, 60 and 120 min and serum glucose and insulin were determined. Insulin resistance was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA).
Results: Glucose levels did not change. Insulin concentrations showed a significant time effect (p 0.0001) and a significant water x time interaction (p 0.02). At 120 min insulin levels with BMW-1 were significantly lower than with LMW (p 0.02). Postprandial insulin concentrations showed significantly different patterns of min-eral water intake depending on HOMA n-tiles (p 0.02).
Conclusion: An increase in insulin sensitivity after sodium-rich carbonated mineral water consumption is suggested. This effect is more marked in the women with higher HOMA levels. These waters should be considered part of a healthy diet in order to prevent insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease.
Acknowledgment
Study funded by Vichy Catalán (Spain) and Comunidad de Madrid-Social European Funds grant.
Reference
1 Schoppen et al. J Nutr 2004;134:1058–63. inflammatory response (COX-2). Thus, the kinetics of mRNA
expres-sion is of special interest.
Gene expression studies were performed in triplicate using HT29 colon tumour cells treated for up to 24 hours with 4 mM butyrate. RNA was extracted at time 0 and after 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours of incubation with medium or butyrate. The expression of COX-2, GSTT2 and CAT was analysed by SYBR green based-Real-Time PCR using GAPDH as housekeeping gene. Results are presented as ‘fold change’, which reflect the modification of the treated samples in comparison to the untreated control.
Butyrate causes a down-regulation of COX-2 in a period up to 24 hours, with highest effects after 2 hours of treatment (fold change 0.17 0.06). The butyrate-caused induction of GSTT2 expression was time dependent, reached its maximum after 12 hours of incuba-tion (fold change 8 1.9), and disappeared after 24 hours of incuba-tion. There was no detectable effect of butyrate on CAT expression.
GSTT2, a Phase II enzyme of the cellular detoxification system, exhibits peroxidase activity and inactivates e.g. lipid-oxidation prod-ucts. COX-2 inhibition decreases prostaglandin biosynthesis, induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation. Thus, the altered patterns of gene expression as shown here reveal two different mechanisms by which butyrate could decrease colon cancer risk, if the gene expres-sion changes can also be verified on functional levels.
P433 Nutrition and Cancers
Differential modulatory effects of high corn
oil and high virgin olive oil diets on
experimental breast cancer
Montserrat Solanas1; Raquel Moral1; Laura Grau1;
Irmgard Costa1,2; Elena Vela1; Raquel Escrich1;
Eduard Escrich1
1Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology,
Medical Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 2Department of
Pathology, Hospital de Sabadell, Corporacio Parc Tauli, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
Breast cancer is a significant cause of mortality in women world-wide. Environmental factors, specially diet, have a key role in its etiol-ogy. We investigated the effects of a high corn oil (HCO) and a high virgin olive oil (HOO) diets on the promotion of experimental mam-mary carcinogenesis. Rats were fed a control low fat diet; a high corn oil diet; a high olive oil diet; or both high fat diets sequentially. The HCO diet reduced the latency time and increased the tumor incidence, content and volume. On the other hand, the HOO diet led to the oppo-site effects. Moreover, the HCO diet increased the tumor morphologic aggressiveness, whereas the HOO diet led to tumors of low morpho-logic malignancy. This indicated a clear stimulating effect of the HCO diet on breast cancer and a negative modulator role for HOO diet. In order to study the mechanisms of these actions, we analysed the influ-ence of the diets on the tumor fatty acid composition. We found that in the distinct lipid fractions different fatty acids are esterified, being also in different quantities (higher content in 18:2n-6 and lower content in 18:1n-9). We also analysed the influence on the function of genes of the ErbB-Ras-MAPK/Akt signalling pathway. These two high fat diets
coronary stenosis referred to Tehran Rajaee Cardiovascular Center. The healthy control subjects included 70 individuals without any his-tory of heart disease. Adipose tissue fatty acids were determined by gas liquid chromatography. There were no differences between patients and controls in any of the adipose tissue TFA measured. Patients had lower levels of linoleic acid (18:2). Odds ratios (OR) were calculated from logistic regression. Adipose tissue t-18:2 was positively associated with risk of coronary artery disease. Such an association with t- 16:1 and t-18:1 was not detected. Total adipose tissue TFA was positively correlated to LDL C/HDL C (r 0.11, P 0.049). Adipose tissue t-18:2 was positively correlated to LDL C(r 0.15, P 0.04). The results also showed that Iranian subjects had higher proportion of adipose TFA than subjects from other coun-tries.
In conclusion, this study shows that the atherogenic properties of 18:2 TFA are higher than 18:1 TFA. The high percentage of TFA, especially 18:2 TFA in adipose tissue of Iranian population is alarm-ing, and more rigorous health policies are required.
P437 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Ajuga iva induces hypotriglyceridemia by
decreasing lipoprotein lipase activity of
adipose tissue and improving reverse
cholesterol transport in
hypercholesterolemic rats
Bouderbala Shérazède1; Lamri-Senhadji Myriem1;
Boualga Ahmed1; Prost Josiane2;
Lacaille-Dubois Marie Aleth3; Bouchenak Malika1
1Laboratoire de Nutrition Clinique et Métabolique, Faculté
des Sciences, Université d’Oran Es-Sénia, Oran-Algérie,
2Université de Bourgogne, UPRES Lipides and Nutrition,
Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, 3Laboratoire de
Pharmacognosie. Faculté de Pharmacie. Université de Bourgogne, Dijon
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of aqueous extract of Ajuga iva (Ai) on hepatic lipase (HL), tissues LPL and serum lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activities in hyper-cholesterolemic (HC) rats. Male Wistar rats (n 12) were fed on 1% cholesterol-enriched diet for 15d. After this adaptation phase, hyper-cholesterolemic rats (total cholesterol (TC) 6.5 0.6 mmol/L) were divided into two groups fed the same diet treated or not with Ai for 15d. HL and LPL activities were determined by Nilsson-Ehle and Ekman, (1977) essay. LCAT activity was determined according to the method of Glomset and Wright, (1964) as modified by Knipping, (1986). Insulin was determined by ELISA (Enzyme linked Immuno Scorbent) method. TG values were lower 1.4-fold in serum, 1.6-fold in heart and 1.7-fold in muscle, whereas those of adipose tissue were 1.9-fold higher in Ai treated compared to untreated hypercholester-olemic group. Moreover, VLDL amount (which represented the sum of apolipoproteins (apo), TG, cholesteryl esters (CE), unesterified cholesterol and phospholipids) and their composition in apos, TG and CE were respectively, 2.2-, 2.6-, 4.4- and 1.9-fold lower in Ai treated than untreated HC group. HL and adipose tissue LPL activities decreased by 13% and 48% whereas insulin value was 1.7-fold higher P435 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Acute effects of EPA on arterial function
following high-fat meals
W.L. Hall; K.A. Sanders; S.L. Robinson; M.I. Sheikh; T.A.B. Sanders
Nutritional Sciences Division, Kings College, London, UK Diets rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3; EPA) are associated with decreased arterial stiffness but it is uncertain whether the acute administration of EPA influences vascular function following a high fat (HF) meal. We report the acute effects of 5g EPA on vascular func-tion and indices of vascular oxidative stress. Healthy male volunteers (n 17; aged 18–32 years) were fed a meal containing 52 g fat (High-EPA oil high-oleic sunflower oil (EPA) or high-oleic sunflower oil (HOS)). A second HF meal containing 44 g fat was consumed 4 h after the first meal. Blood samples and measurements of vascular function were made fasting, at 3 h and at 6 h. Blood pressure was measured, and digital volume pulse (DVP) and heart rate were mea-sured using PulseTrace™ equipment to derive the stiffness index (SI) and reflection index. Plasma EPA, nitric oxide degradation products (NOx), 8-isoprostane F2-alpha, glucose, insulin and triacylglycerol were measured. Plasma EPA concentrations were: EPA meal, 82.0 51.8, 268.5 109.6 and 571.6 212.8 mg/L; HOS meal, 74.4 42.6, 77.3 42.8 and 80.4 43.8 mg/L, at fasting, 3 h and 6 h respectively (p 0.0001). SI decreased postprandially, with change in SI (m/s) at 6 h being significantly greater following EPA compared to HOS (EPA: −0.129 3 h, −0.651 6 h; HOS: −0.174 3 h, −0.325 6 h (m/s), p 0.05). Plasma isoprostane concentra-tions increased 6 h postprandially following both meals with the increases tending to be greater following EPA. No other significant differences were noted. EPA may acutely decrease arterial stiffness following HF meals; postprandial increases in plasma isoprostane concentrations may indicate that oxidative stress is related to changes in arterial stiffness.
P436 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Adipose tissue trans fatty acids and risk of
coronary artery disease in Iranian adults
F. Ghahremanpour 1; M. Firoozrai 1; M. Darabi Amin1;A. Zavarei 2; A. Mohebbi 2
1Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat
Expway,14496-Tehran, Iran; 2Shahid Rajaei Heart Center,
Valiye-Asr Ave, Tehran, Iran
Dietary isomeric trans fatty acids(TFA) are suspected to increase the risk of coronary artery disease. The results obtained by different researchers are controvertial,and the atherogenicity of different TFA have not been determined. The mean level of TFA consumption in Iran, as compared to the level in most other countries, is very high.
In this study we used the adipose tissue biomarker in order to examine the association between 16 : 1, 18 : 1, and 18 : 2 TFA and coronary heart disease by a case control study in an Iranian popula-tion with coronary artery disease (CAD).Adipose tissue samples were obtained from 112 patients aged 30–73 with angiographically proved
P439 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
An improved and validated
high-performance liquid chromatography method
for measuring malondialdehyde levels in
human serum
Ana Valente1; Pedro Marques-Vidal2; Helena S. Costa1 1Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa,
Portugal; 2Institut Universitaire de Médecine Sociale et
Préventive, Lausanne, Switzerland
There is current interest in lipid peroxidation and its relationship to human cardiovascular risk factors, including deficiency of antioxi-dants. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a widely used biomarker of lipid peroxidation whose concentration varies in response to oxidative stress status. The most widely employed method for the determination of MDA in biological samples is based on its reaction with thiobarbi-turic acid (TBA).
The purpose of this study is to improve and validate a simple, rapid and sensible HPLC method to measure MDA levels in human serum.
The analysis was performed using an ODS Hypersil analytical column (150 4.6 mm), 5 m particle size, with a guard-column of the same type and mobile phase composed of 35% methanol and 65% 30 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 6.8 at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/ min. Retention time was 3.5 min, and the absence of interfering peaks, allowed the analysis to be carried out in 5 min. 500 l aliquots of blank, standard and serum sample were treated the same way to induce fluorescence by derivatization with TBA. The first step of the procedure involves an acidic hydrolysis with phosphoric acid solu-tion, followed by addition of TBA solution and heating at 100ºC for 60 min, resulting in a red fluorescence complex MDA TBA and then a protein precipitation step. The supernatant was injected in a Waters model 2695 with fluorescence detector (ex. 532 nm, em. 553 nm).
In method validation, the system suitability was evaluated and the obtained validation parameters were compared with the recom-mended values described in international guides.
This improved and validated HPLC method to evaluate MDA levels in oxidative stress is very useful for routine laboratory analysis because of its rapidity (tr 3.5 min), simplicity and applicability.
P440 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Animal fat and saturated fatty acids (SF) as
a dietary risk factor in Iranian Dietary
Pattern
A. HoushiarRad; N. Mazaheri; M. Abdollahi; M. Esmaeili
Nutrition Research Department. National Nutrition & Food Technology Research. Shaheed Beheshti Uni.of Medical Sciences. P.O.Box19395-4741.Tehran, IR Iran
Introduction: Coronary heart disease is the major cause of death in Iran. High intake of total fat and saturated fatty acids are important dietary risk factors of CVD. This study was conducted to assess quan-titative and qualitative profile of dietary fat in comparison to CVD mortality rate in Iran.
in Ai treated than untreated group. HDL2 amount was twofold higher and LCAT activity increased by 34% in Ai treated than untreated HC group.
P438 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Altered partitioning of alpha and gamma
tocopherol into low density lipoprotein
(LDL) following a 4-week in vivo
intervention
Nida Nadeem; Jayne V. Woodside; Sean Kelly; Rachel Alistar; Ian S. Young; Jane McEneny
Nutrition and Metabolism Group, Centre for Clinical and Population Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK Introduction: The oxidation of LDL has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. Antioxidant vitamins such as the tocopherols can protect against such oxidation. Numerous epidemio-logical studies and clinical trials have studied the role of tocopherols in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Aims: To assess the incorporation of alpha (AT) and gamma (GT) tocopherol into LDL and its subsequent antioxidant efficiency, fol-lowing a 4-week placebo controlled intervention.
Methods: Subjects were supplemented with either 420 mg/day AT or GT or placebo for 4 weeks. Serum and LDL levels of tocopherol were measured by HPLC. LDL was isolated by rapid ultracentrifuga-tion; oxidation was mediated by CuCl2 and followed spectrophoto-metrically at 234 nm.
Results: In the AT group there was an increase in serum ( 10.89uM, p 0.004) and LDL ( 6.71nmol/mg protein, p 0.008) AT and concomitant decrease in serum (−0.524uM, p 0.001) GT; however this did not alter the GT content of LDL. In the GT group there was a corresponding increase in serum ( 4.412uM, p 0.001) and LDL ( 1.78nmol/mg protein, 0.001) GT concentration; and a surprising increase in LDL AT ( 2.92nmol/mg protein. p 0.001). The oxidation resistance of LDL increased in both supplemented groups (AT 11 min, p 0.009: GT 10 min, p 0.032). No change was found in serum or LDL AT or GT levels in the placebo group.
Conclusions: These results demonstrated altered partitioning of the tocopherols into LDL, which was dependent on supplement. This finding may help explain why studies have demonstrated that GT is more closely associated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease, with the LDL becoming enriched with both AT and GT, the AT being derived from enhanced uptake from the diet.
than ‘chronological’ age, whilst in girls, ‘chronological’ age matches ‘biological’ age, particularly in the period immediately before puberty, further supporting the hypothesis of gender-related differ-ences in the development of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors.
P442 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Are Greek migrants to Australia protected
from coronary heart disease as a result of
their diet?
K. O’Dea1; C. Itsiopoulos1; M. Kaimakamis2; M. Cameron2;
L. Brazionis1; K. Rowley3; J. Best1
1Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, The
University of Melbourne, 2Cancer Council of Victoria, 3School of Population Health, University of Melbourne,
Vic., Australia
Greek migrants to Australia have lower all-cause and CHD mor-tality than the wider Australian population despite almost 50 years since migration – and despite similar (plasma cholesterol, blood pres-sure and smoking) or more adverse (higher prevalence of overweight and diabetes) risk factor profiles.
Subjects (432) were recruited from men and women enrolled in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS), with similar numbers of Australian- and Greek-born men and women, with and without diabetes.
Diet was assessed using a validated FFQ, and a range of anthro-pometric, physiologic and biochemical markers of CHD risk were measured. CHD was defined by medical history, ECG and question-naire. Dietary patterns were assessed using Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Four dietary patterns emerged, three of which were strongly associated with Greek ethnicity and one strongly associated with Australian ethnicity. Dietary pattern 2 (olive oil, garlic, onion, tomato, feta cheese, yoghurt) was most strongly associated with Greek ethnicity. CHD risk factor patterns were also identified using PCA. Three patterns emerged: Component 1 (diabetes) – diabetes, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, central obesity and high CRP; Component (pre-diabetes) – elevated HbA1c, blood pressure and triglycerides and central obesity; and Component 3 (healthy obese) – obese, low insulin, healthy lipid profile, normoglycemic, non-smoking. Component 3 (healthy obese) was negatively associated with CHD risk, and positively with Greek ethnicity and dietary pat-tern 2.
These findings suggest that a traditional Greek dietary pattern is associated with lower CHD risk, and may help explain the lower mor-tality of Greek migrants to Australia.
Methods: This study is based on national comprehensive study on household food consumption pattern and nutritional status (2001– 2003) and mortality statistics of 23 provinces (2003). 4533 house-holds in 23 provinces were studied. Food intake data were collected using a 24 hour recall questionnaire for three consecutive days. Weighted average intakes were calculated according to the classifica-tion of provinces in to two groups with high prevalent provinces (HPP) and low prevalent provinces (LPP) CVD prevalence. The data were analyzed using MSACCESS and SPSS 11.5.
Results: Percentage of mortality of coronary heart disease is 42% in (HPP) (8 provinces) and 32% in (LPP) (6 provinces). Total fat intake in high and low prevalent provinces were 43.5 and 44.6 gram/ day, respectively. Contribution of fat to total energy intake were 13.8 (HPP) and 14.4 (LPP), respectively. Portion of animal fat from total fat intake were 32% in high prevalent provinces and 27% in low prevalent provinces which was significant. Daily per capita intake of hydrogenated fat were similar in both groups, 35.7 g (HPP) versus 38.1 g (LPP). Intake of vegetable oils were 2.4 g (HPP) versus 2.8 g (LPP).
Discussion: Results of present study shows that animal fat and saturated fatty acids intake were significantly higher in provinces with high rate of CVD than other areas in Iran. According to the find-ings, animal fat intake is a dietary risk factor for CVD in Iranian diet.
P441 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Anthropometric indices and blood pressure:
Gender differences in the paediatric
population
Gianvincenzo Barba1; Carmela Casullo2; Paola Russo1;
Fabio Lauria1; Maria Loguercio1; Annunziata Nappo1;
P. Strazzullo3; A. Siani1; for the ARCA study group
1Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Institute of Food
Science, CNR, 2ASL Av2, Avellino, 3Department of Clinical
and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
Body size is the most important determinant of blood pressure (BP) in pre-pubertal age: boys usually show higher BP than girls. Aim of the present analysis was to investigate the relationships between age, gender and body size (height and adiposity) as determinants of BP in paediatric age. To this purpose, data were analysed from 4514 pre-pubertal children, aged 6–11 years (71% of the eligible sample; M 2283, F 2231) from the ARCA Project, a screening of child-hood obesity carried out in Southern Italy. Weight, height, umbilical circumference and BP were measured according to standardised pro-cedures. As expected, both systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP significantly increased (P 0.001) with age in both boys and girls. However, controlling for umbilical circumference and height, BP significantly increased with age only in girls, mainly at age 10–11 years, (p 0.01), while no such trend was observed in age-matched boys. In this sample of pre-pubertal 6–11 years old children, account-ing for by body size indices such as height and adiposity, the expected effect of age on BP increase was evident only in girls. Our data sug-gest that in boys, anthropometric indices are better predictors of BP
P444 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Association of abdominal obesity and body
mass index with cardiovascular risk factors
in hospitalized patients
Sh. Vahidi1; M. Piranfar Asadpoor2; M. Nouri Tajer1;
Sh. Shaban3; M. Hedayati4
1Nursing and Health Services, Iran University of Medical
Sciences, 2Heart Section, Taleghani Hospital, Shaheed
Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 3Shaheed
Rajaee Hospital Heart Center, 4Obesity Research Center,
Institute of Endocrine Sciences, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Introduction: Anthropometric data collection is easier than deter-mination of biochemical risk factors of cardiovascular disease. There are limited data about the association of body mass index and abdom-inal obesity with cardiovascular risk factors. So the aim of this study was the association of abdominal obesity and body mass index with cardiovascular risk factors in hospitalized patients
Materials and Method: In this cross sectional study, 101 (54.3 13.8 year old) 60.4% male and 39.6% female, hospitalized patients in Shaheed Rajaee Hospital were selected. Anthropometric data, blood pressure, total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, blood sugar, HDL-C, and LDL-C were determined. Job, diabetes, blood lipid dis-order history, cardiovascular disdis-order history, married status, number of children, and smoking recorded in special questioner form too.
Results: High, weight, BMI, WHR, Systolic blood pressure, dia-stolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, HDL-C, LDL-C, and Triglyceride mean were: 165.3 9.3 cm, 72.7 12.6 kg, 26.5 4.3 kg/ m2, 0.84 0.12, 118.0 25.9 mmHg, 76.8 10.3 mmHg, 109.3
64.4 mg/dl, 46.9 16.6 mg/dl, 103.6 37.1 mg/dl, and 145.5„ b71.5 mg/dl respectively. The percent of smoking, blood lipid disor-der, high blood sugar and high blood pressure were 27.7, 40.6, 24.7, 41.6% respectively. Correlation analysis showed no significant cor-relation between BMI and WHR with cardiovascular risk factor, except systolic blood pressure which had correlation with BMI (p value 0.025).
Conclusion: Our data reveled that except systolic blood pressure, there is no statistically significant correlation between Body mass index and abdominal obesity with other cardiovascular risk factors in Iranian Hospitalized patients.
P445 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Association of gender and education with
blood lipids and fasting glucose levels in a
sample of Iranian obese adults
M. Maddah
Department of Human Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Iran
Objective: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in Iran and coronary artery disease is the first cause of mortality. This study aimed to assess the relationship between gender and educational level P443 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Assessment of nutritional status in post
myocardial (MI) infarction patients in heart
center of Madany hospital in Tabriz
Mohammad Alizade; Reza Mahdavi; Abbas Afrasiabi; Abdorrasool Safaeian; Seyyed Jamal Gayemmagami
Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
An overwhelming body of research supports relationship of dietary patterns containing excessive energy, fat, sfa and cholestrol (but inadequate PUFA and fiber) to an increase risk for secondary MI. For this reason step 2 diet of NCEP is recommended for these patients. We believed the presence of foods on tray send a massage to patients as to what is healthful and acceptable for them to eat. So we assessed dietary intake of 56 (29 males and 27 females) post MI patients over a six months period by using 3- day dietary weighed record method for meals and recall method for snacks. Nutritional Values were calculated by using food processor2 computer program. Results of study were compared with recommended values by using paired T-test analysis in SPSS/pc.
The results of study showed that mean daily intake (MDI) of patients` energy was 1654.5 109 kcal (1404 from hospital foods) in males and 1555 98.6 kcal (1229 kcal from hospital foods) in females. The mean percentage of energy from dietary pro, CHO, fat, SFA, MUFA and PUFA in males were: 9.7 0.3%, 56.2 1.3%, 34 1.2%, 10.5 0.3%, 13.5 0.6% and 7.6 0.3% and in females were: 10.2 0.4%, 57.1 2.5%, 32.7 1.5%, 10.4 0.4%, 13.1 0.8% and 7.2 0.4% respectively. MDI of fiber and choles-terol were 11.6 0.9 gr and 132.6 11.6 mg in males and 10.6 1.1 gr and 169.6 17.4 mg in females, respectively.
In this study both in males and females subjects MDI of pro, MUFA and PUFA and fiber were significantly lower (p 0.05) whilst MDI of fat and SFA were significantly higher (p 0.05) than recom-mended Values. The mean of food wastage from hospital menu was 32% in males and 40.6% in female. In these subjects supplemented foods improved energy, protein and dietary fiber intake without remarkable increasing fat intake
CRP, total antioxidant capacity in water- (ACW) and lipid-soluble substances (ACL), glucose, and isoflavones were measured.
Results: Good compliance to the diet was shown by the signifi-cant elevation of serum levels of daidzein and genistein during the soy-rich diet period. Compared with baseline, significant improve-ment in the blood levels of FBS, LDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol/ HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, ACW and diastolic blood pressure were observed after both diets. Moreover, a soy-rich diet resulted in sig-nificantly lower total cholesterol, lipid hydroperoxides, hs CRP and systolic blood pressure. In addition, the changes of total cholesterol and 10-yr coronary heart disease risk in the soy-rich diet differ sig-nificantly from the changes in the control diet.
Conclusions: This study provides evidence that long-term inges-tion of soy foods has beneficial effects on blood lipid and CRP con-centrations.
P447 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Central obesity and coronary risk factors in
referral outpatients to Zahedan Cardiology
Clinic. Zahedan-Iran
Shahraki Mansour; Hosseinabadi Fatemeh
Department of Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Objectives: The aim of current study was to investigate the rela-tionship between waist- to-hip ratio (WHR) with systolic and dia-stolic blood pressure, lipid profile and smoking in referral outpatients at Khatam hospital cardiology clinic in Zahedan.
Materials and Methods: In this clinical cross-sectional study, one hundred and twenty CHD patients (62 men and 58 women aged 30–60 y) whose have referred to cardiology clinic at Zahedan Khatam hospital were studied during August till October 2004. On the basis of WHR, the subjects were classified into two groups: centrally non-obese,CNO (WHR or 0.95 for men and or 0.8 for women) and centrally obese, CO (WHR 0.95 for men and 0.8 for women). Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), blood urinary nitrogen (BUN),cratinin(Cr) and fasting blood sugar(FBS), were enzymati-cally determined. Sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure were taken of each patient. All values were expressed as mean SD and the comparison was made using t- test, X2 and Fisher’ exact test.
Results: The results has shown that 69(57.5%) of patients suf-fered from CO and 51(42.5%) were CNO. The percentage of CO was significantly higher in women than men and in illiterate subjects than literate ones. The rate of CO was Non-significantly higher in 45–60 years old than 30–44 ones. Students’ t-test revealed that CO subjects had non-significantly higher mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressures, TG ,Cr and significantly (P 0.02) more mean of FBS compared with CNO individuals. The mean of smoking was signifi-cantly (P 0.004) more in CNO group comparison with CO one.
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, central obesity was more seen in women, illiterate and older subjects. Further research and instruction are prescribed.
with obesity related conditions in a sample of adult obese subjects in Rasht, northern Iran.
Method: A total of 1113 of men and 1279 women took part in this study. Data on age, original body weight, and educational level were collected using questionnaire. Total serum cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglyceride, fasting serum glucose, waist circumference, body weight and height were measured.
Results: Analysis of covariance showed that the men had signifi-cantly higher serum triglyceride levels (270.0 202.2 vs. 203.4 180.1 P 0.0001) and FBS (126.5 103.8 vs. 118.2 53.8 P 0.03) and they had lower serum HDL-cholesterol levels (40.1 12.1 vs. 46.7 14.5 P 0.0001) than the women when differences in severity of obesity, age, original weight, waist circumference, and educational levels were taken into account. Moreover, the frequency of hypertrig-lycedemia (73.5% vs. 57.8%, P 0.0001), low HDL-cholesterol (57.7% vs. 66.9% P 0.001) and diabetes (32.4% vs. 25% P 0.001) were higher among the men than women. These findings showed that blood lipid levels and FBS were not different between educational groups in the men. In women, serum HDL cholesterol was lower, and serum triglyceride and FBS levels were higher in lower educational groups than higher educational ones.
Conclusion: these results showed that the study obese women were less prone to dyslipidemia and diabetes than the men at a given level of obesity. This study also indicated that health risk of obesity is higher in lower social levels in the women.
P446 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Beneficial effects of regular consumption of
whole soy foods on serum lipids, lipid
peroxidation, high sensitivity CRP and blood
pressure in perimenopausal women: A
randomized, controlled, crossover trial
S. Songchitsomboon1; K. Chanda1; D. Danboonchan1;C. Manonai2; J.H. Hong4; S. Komindr3
1Graduated Program of Nutrition, Research Center, 2Department of Obstetric-Gynecology and 3Division of
Nutrition and Biochemical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand; 4School of Food and Life
Science, Inje University, Korea
Introduction: Little is known about the effects of commonly consumed soy foods on cardiovascular risk factors in Thai people.
Objective: To determine whether incorporating reasonable amount of soy foods in a self selected diet, low in saturated fat and cholesterol would reduce markers of cardiac risk in perimenopausal women.
Method: Thirty-seven perimenopausal women aged 40–59 years participated in a randomized crossover trial with two 12-wk diets and 4-wk washout period before and between treatments. The study diets consisted of a control diet (soy-free diet) and an isocaloric soy-rich diet with their own recipes (25 g soy protein as soymilk, tofu, texture soy protein and sausage contained more than 50 mg isoflavones daily). Subjects were asked to fill-in daily eaten soy food lists. Blood levels of lipid profile, lipid hydroperoxides, conjugated dienes, hs
this study. These data included age, sex, weight, height; self reported parental weight and height, history of dieting, and mother’s level of education.
Results: Overweight/obese girls engaged in weight loss program more than overweight/obese boys (71.2% vs. 28.8% p 0.0001). Only 3.2% of the children were in age group 2–6 years. These data showed that 18.2% of the overweight/obese children and adolescents were from families with low maternal education and the remainders were from families with high maternal education. Mean excess body weight was not different across educational levels although the boys were heavier than girls at. These findings showed that the maternal body weight was related to the child’s excess weight (r 0.26 P 0.0001).
Conclusion: These data suggest that parents of overweight/obese children and adolescents from low social level, boys and young chil-dren across all maternal educational levels should be warned against risk of their children’s accelerated growth.
P450 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Cholesterol/saturated fat index (CSI) and
HDL particle size in individuals with
different levels of cardiovascular risk
Elaine A.A. Sanibal; Claudia A. Sanibal;Nágila R.T. Damasceno; Elizabeth A.F.S. Torres
Departament of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP. Brazil
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is associated to prevention, stabi-lization and regression of the atherosclerosis. There is evidence show-ing that cardioprotective action of HDL is associated to particle size, where subfractions of HDL, less dense and bigger, have more protec-tion effect. Diet’s components show modulaprotec-tion effect on lipidic metabolism and possibly in HDL particle size. Our goal was to evalu-ate the influence of cholesterol, saturevalu-ated fatty acids and cholesterol/ saturated fat index (CSI) in modulation of the HDL size of dyslipi-demic patients, with or without coronary disease and use of statin. Sixty three individuals from Dyslipidemic and Chronic Coronariophaty Unity of the Heart Institute – InCor, São Paulo, Brazil, paired by sex were divided in Control group (n 18); Dyslipidemic group (n 30) – D( ) (with coronary disease and use of statin); Dyslipidemic group (n 15) – D(-) (without coronary disease and without use of statin). The HDL diameter was evaluated by ZetaPALS Zeta Potential Analyzer and data of consumption was obtained by food recordatory of three days (R24h). The associations were analyzed by multiple and univariate linear regression (p 0,05). Results showed that choles-terol (Control group b 0,511, p 0,001; D( ) b 0,522, p 0,001 and D(–) b 0,930, p 0,001); saturated fatty acids (Control group b 0,998, p 0,001; D( ) b 0,483, p 0,001 and D(–) b 0,558, p 0,001) and CSI (Control group b 0,521, p 0,001; D( ) b 0,860, p 0,001 and D(–) b 0,627, p 0,001) were negatively associated to HDL size, when the indi-viduals were analyzed in isolated groups or regardless of the meta-bolic state. These findings showed that the HDL size is modulated by cholesterol and saturated fat acids diet.
P448 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Changes of left ventricular geometry in
hypertensive overweight and obese women
B. Jakovljevic1; K. Paunovic1; V. Stojanov21Institute for Hygiene and Medical Ecology, School of
Medicine, University of Belgrade, 2Institute for
Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Background: Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mor-tality in Serbia. Both arterial hypertension and obesity cause changes in structure of left ventricle (LV). The aim of this study was to assess the relation of obesity on the geometry of left ventricle in hyperten-sive women.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 64 women aged 56.5 10.8 yrs, treated for hypertension for more than ten years. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as kg/m2. 14 women (21.9%)
had BMI within normal range, 17 (26.6%) were overweight, and 33 (52.5%) were obese. Changes of LV geometry were assessed by echocardiographic criteria.
Results: The prevalence of LV hypertrophy increased with BMI, from 7.1% among women with normal weight, by 41.2% among overweight, up to 66.7% among obese women (p 0.001). Among hypertensive women with normal weight, 71.4% had normal LV geometry, 7.1% had eccentric LV hypertrophy, and 21.4% had con-centric LV remodeling. Among overweight women, 41.2% had eccen-tric LV hypertrophy and 47.1% had conceneccen-tric LV remodeling. Most obese women (57.6%) met the criteria for eccentric LV hypertrophy, one (3.0%) had concentric LV remodeling and 9.1% had concentric LV hypertrophy (p 0.001). Being overweight was identified as pre-dictor for the development of eccentric LV hypertrophy (OR 31.824; 95%CI 1.225–826.850), and concentric LV remodeling (OR 20.755; 95%CI 1.119–385.029). Obesity was not significant pre-dictor for LV changes in women with hypertension.
Conclusion: The most frequent pattern of LV geometry was con-centric LV remodeling among obese, and concon-centric LV remodeling and eccentric LV hypertrophy among overweight hypertensive women. To prevent abnormalities of heart structure, weight control is as important as the regulation of blood pressure.
P449 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Childhood obesity and early prevention of
cardiovascular disease: Iranian families act
too late
M. Maddah
Department of Human Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Rasht, Iran
Objective: This study described overweight/obese children and adolescents seeking weight loss treatment regarding their age, gender, severity of obesity and maternal education in Rasht City, northern Iran. Subjects: Data on 1465 overweight/obese children and adoles-cents aged 2–18 yrs engaged in weight loss program were analyzed in
P452 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Comparison of cardiovascular risk factors
between different ethnic groups living in
the Region of Brussels
G. Dufourny1; N. Nzuzi Tembo2; C. Bazelmans3; J. Nève4;
R. Moreno5; C. Pichard6; A. Leveque3; Y.A. Carpentier2 1High School Lucia de Brouckère, Department of Dietetics
and Nutrition, 2Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory
of Experimental Surgery, 3Université Libre de Bruxelles,
School of Public Health, 4Université Libre de Bruxelles,
Institute of Pharmacy, 5Erasmus Hospital, Department of
Nuclear Medecine, 6Geneva University Hospital
Genetic and behavioural factors contribute to cardiovascular dis-ease (CVD).Four major ethnic (Belgian, Moroccan,Turkish and Congolese) groups with different dietary and cultural habits live in the Region of Brussels.The aim of the study was to assess classical CVD risk factors (RF) in these groups as well as carotid wall altera-tions.
One hundred male (M) and female (F) subjects (40–60 y) from each origin were randomly recruited from population lists and volun-teered for measurements of plasma RF parameters, blood pressure, body composition (DEXA) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT).
Total and LDL-cholesterol (C) tended to be higher in Belgians (5.59 and 3.19 mmol/L)vs. immigrant groups (5.15 and 2.87 mmol/L). HDL-C was highest in Congolese and lowest in Turks and Moroccans(p 0.001).Triglycerides were highest in Turks (namely M) and lowest in Congolese (p 0.001). Moroccans (M&F) and Turks (M) had high levels of small dense (sd) LDL (p 0.02). High levels of atherogenic lipoprotein (Lp) (a) were found in ³60% Congolese (M&F) and 47% Moroccans (F) vs. 23% in other groups (p 0.001). Glycaemia did not differ between groups; CRP was higher in immigrant F subgroupsvs.Belgians(p 0.004), in relation to adiposity. Compared to Belgians, OR for hypertension was 3.2 in Congolese and 0.3 in Moroccans (p 0.001). Fat mass (DEXA) was higher in 78% of immigrant F and in 71% Turkish M. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was present in 51% Moroccan M vs.42% Turkish, 32% Belgian and 20% Congolese M (p 0.019). MS prevalence did not significantly differ between F subgroups (30–38%). Carotid IMT was similarly increased (0.73–0.76 mm) in all M subgroups, but was higher in Congolese F vs. other F subgroups (0.73vs. 066–0.68 mm). In conclusion, CVD RF differ between ethnic groups living in the same area. Strategy against CVD should consider ethnic specifici-ties.
P451 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Cholesterol-lowering effect of non-viscous
soluble dietary fiber Nutriose
®FB in
hypercholesterolemic hamsters
Christine Juhel1; Frederic Tosini1; Marlene Steib1;
Daniel Wils2; Laetitia Deremaux2; Denis Lairon3;
Louis Cara1
1Avantage Nutrition, Marseille, 2Groupe Roquette,
Lestrem, 3UMR INSERM 476, INRA 1260, Faculté de
Médecine, Marseille, France
NUTRIOSE® FB is a soluble fiber obtained from wheat starch
dextrinization. This non-viscous glucose polymer is characterized by several non-digestible linkages. Previous studies have shown that NUTRIOSE® FB is poorly hydrolysed and absorbed in the small
intestine, and well fermented along the colon.
The present study investigated the effect of this soluble non-vis-cous dietary fiber source on cholesterolemia and lipid metabolism in moderately hypercholesterolemic hamsters.
Five groups of 8 Golden Syrian hamsters were randomly assigned to receive for 3 weeks either a standard diet without cholesterol, or 0.25% cholesterol-enriched diets providing different amounts of NUTRIOSE® FB, i.e. no (control cellulose: CHO), 3% (N3), 6% (N6)
or 9% (N9) (w/w).
As compared to the CHO diet, the N9 diet significantly (P 0.05) lowered the plasma and LDL cholesterol by 14.5% and 23.8%, respectively. The LDL-cholesterol lowering effect was also signifi-cant with the 6% dose (21.4%, P 0.05). All NUTRIOSE® FB-containing diets prevented hepatic cholesterol accumulation (10 to 20%, P 0.05) and increased bile cholesterol ( 47 to 68%, P 0.05) and phospholipids (30 to 45%, P 0.05) concentrations. Rate of dietary cholesterol absorption and faecal excretion of neutral sterols and bile salts were assessed in CHO and N9 groups. The N9 diet significantly decreased the rate of dietary cholesterol absorption (25%, P 0.05) and markedly stimulated faecal neutral sterol ( 81%, P 0.05) and bile salts ( 220%, P 0.05) excretion.
These data suggest that the cholesterol-lowering effect of NUTRIOSE® FB is likely related to the reduced cholesterol and bile
salt absorptions, and support its use as a new dietary functional fiber to prevent moderate hypercholesterolemia.
P454 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Description of postmenopausal women’s
diet presenting metabolic syndrome
K. Haua1; N.H. Wacher2; G.F. Ortiz3; E. Casanueva4;A. Suverza5
1José Martí 220 Depto. B202 Colonia Escandón,
Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11800 México, D.F. Mexico; 2Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital de specialidades, Centro Médico Siglo XXI., Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Colonia Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, CP 06720 México, D.F. Mexico;
3Instituto Nacional de Perinatología. Departamento de
Climaterio, Montes Urales 800 Colonia Lomas Virreyes, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo CP 11000, México, D.F. Mexico; 4Instituto Nacional de Perinatología. Subdirección
de Investigación en Salud Pública., Montes Urales 800 Colonia Lomas Virreyes, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo CP 11000, México, D.F. Mexico; 4Universidad Iberoamericana
Ciudad de México Departamento de Salud Edificio I Planta Baja, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880 Colonia Lomas de Santa Fe CP 01210, México, D. F. Mexico
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are responsible of about 50% of the postmenopausal women deaths around the world. Metabolic syn-drome (MS) diagnose is now recognized as an effective cardiovascu-lar risk (CVR) discriminant criterion. Lifestyle is importantly associated with CVR and some diet features have been related with it. The goal of this study was to describe the diet differences between women with metabolic syndrome in comparison with women free of this condition. In a cross sectional design, we evaluated the presence of metabolic syndrome factors (NCEP/ATPIII) in 141 women. Women presenting metabolic syndrome showed, as expected, higher weight, waist circumference, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist–to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting glucose, triglycerides, blood pressure and lower HDL concentrations. A standardized food frequency questionnaire was performed once. Lifestyle and clinical antecedents were also explored. Postmenopausal women showed significantly higher con-sumption of energy, carbohydrate, sugar, polyunsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol and kcal per kilo (UMann-Whitney; p 0.05). After energy adjustment, postmenopausal women had a significantly higher consumption of protein, cholesterol, alcohol, vegetal and animal fat and saturated fatty acids (UMann-Whitney; p 0.05). Results show a differentiated diet in women with or without cardiovascular risk. Diet modifications must be encouraged in women presenting MS. P453 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Daily consumption of 2 portions Camembert
or Fermented milk: effects on blood lipids.
An intervention trial in healthy subjects
C. Bonhomme1; X. Pelletier2; Y. Donazzolo2; P. Le Ruyet1;J.L. Bresson3
1Lactalis, Retiers, 2OPTIMED, Gières, 3Hopital Necker,
Paris, France
Recent studies suggest that, in spite of their saturated fatty acids content, milk products are not associated with an increase of cardio-vascular risk or metabolic syndrome. It was important to evaluate the effects on blood lipid parameters of the daily consumption of 2 por-tions of Camembert President® (C) (the most consumed in France)
during 4 weeks, as compared with the daily consumption of 2 portions of Fermented Milk (FM). The study was a single center, randomized, cross over study. 70 healthy subjects, mean age 33.8 9.3 y, with total cholesterol between 5.0 and 6.95 mmol/l entered the study. After a 14-day run-in period (daily intake of 2x125g pots of FM) they were randomized in two groups consuming either FM or C (125g pot or 30g portion respectively, twice a day, as part of their usual meals). After 4 weeks of consumption, subjects entered the wash out period. Then they were given the other product for 4 weeks. Subjects were weighed and fasting blood samples were drawn for lipid determina-tion at each visit. There was no significant difference on lipid param-eters between the 2 products. However, there was a significant decrease of LDL cholesterol in subjects consuming C (p 0.03), while the decrease was not significant in subjects with FM. The LDL/ HDL and ApoB100/ApoA1 ratios decreased in both groups, at the threshold of significance for LDL/HDL. There was no change in body weight during intervention.
Regarding the blood lipid parameters, there was no difference on the effects induced by a 4-week daily intake of C (2 portions a day) versus an intake of FM (2 pots a day). Such consumption has no del-eterious effect on blood lipids and might even be beneficial and allows to meet minerals, vitamins and protein requirements as well as to promote intestinal microflora.
were randomly selected. Multivariate logistic regression adjusted for lifestyle and nutritional confounders was used in 4 models.
Results: After adjusting for age, calorie, smoking status, exercise, BMI and parental history of myocardial infarction before age 60 years, dietary calcium were significantly and inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome ,the ORs of having the metabolic syndrome for increasing quartiles of dietary calcium intake were 1.00 (reference), 0.90 (95% CI 0.61‒1.04), 0.85 (0.78‒0.99) and 0.74 (0.62‒0.95); P for trend 0.02, and was not appreciably altered by additional adjustment for dietary vitamin D intake. Dietary vitamin D was inversely associated with prevalence of metabolic syndrome but was not independent of total calcium intake. Similar strong relations between intakes of dairy products and metabolic syndrome were also observed and the multivariable OR comparing highest with lowest intake quartiles was 0.81(0.64–0.98), P for trend 0.03.
Conclusion: It is concluded that intakes of calcium and dairy products may be associated with lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in adults.
P457 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Dynamic changes in triglycerides and
life-style parameters and risk of coronary heart
disease in young men; a follow-up study
Iris ShaiDepartment of Epidemiology, The S. Daniel Abraham International Center for Health and Nutrition, Ben-Gurion University, P.O. Box 653 Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
Background: Present Triglycerides (TG) levels might serve only as a partial indicator of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk.
Objective: to assess the association of changes over time in fast-ing TG with CHD risk in young adults.
Design: A follow-up study of 13,953 participants over 5.5 years in the Staff Periodic Examination Center of the Israel Defense Force.
Patients: apparently healthy, untreated, young men (26–45 years) with TG below 300 mg/dL.
Measurements: two follow-up measurements (at enrollment: Time1, and 3–5 years later: Time 2) of TG and life-style parameters. Incident outcome cases of angiography-proven CHD.
Results: during 77,066 person-years of follow-up, 158 cases of CHD were identified. The multivariate model was adjusted for age, family history, fasting glucose, high-density-lipoprotein, blood pres-sure, body mass index (BMI) and dynamic changes between Time1 and Time2 of BMI, physical activity, smoking status and eating break-fast. The risk of men with top tertile of TG levels at Time1 was modified by the subsequent Time2 TG values: [HR 8.23 (95% CI: 2.50–27.13) for High, 6.84(95% CI:1.95–23.98) for High-Intermediate, and 4.90 (95% CI: 1.01–24.55) for High-Low, as com-pared to the stable Low-Low group]. The risk for men with low levels of TG at Time2 was modified by the previous Time1 values: [HR 3.88 (95% CI: 1.04–22.50) for Intermediate-Low, and 4.90 (95% CI: 1.01–24.55) for High-Low, as compared to the stable Low-Low group].
P455 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Detection and characterization of
postprandial endothelial dysfunction in
conscious healthy rat
J. Magné; F. Mariotti; D. Tomé; J.F. Huneau
INRA, AgroParisTech, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behaviour, F-75005 Paris, France
In Humans, high-fat or high sucrose meals induce transient vascu-lar endothelial dysfunction, which is the hallmark of early atherogen-esis. However, little is still known regarding how postprandial metabolic challenge by nutrients translates into vascular risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiologic and metabolic features related to postprandial endothelial dysfunction in conscious rat. In ten Wistar Kyoto rats, we have developed a hemodynamic test of endothelial function, based on the rapid, transient, dose-dependent blood pressure decrease after iv acetylcholine, which was blunted by prior administration of L-NAME. This test proved to be accurate enough to detect the impairment of vascular reactivity in experimen-tal acute hyperhomocysteinemia (6 h after a 350 mg/kg methionine load). Using this test, we measured vascular endothelial reactivity before and 2, 4 and 6 hours after single high fat meal. Vascular reac-tivity fell significantly in the postprandial state (p 0.05) being 29 16% and 54 10% lower than baseline at 4 h and 6 h after meal, respectively. Plasma triglycerides strongly correlated with vascular reactivity (R²0.985, p 0.01). The high fat load significantly, tran-siently affected plasma IL-6, which was higher 2 h after meal (40 13 pg/mL vs. 14 3 pg/mL before load, p 0.05). Plasma PAI-1 was also significantly increased (from 11 4 to 24 7 pg/mL, p 0.05) but not plasma sICAM-1. A candidate for the initiation of this low-grade transient inflammation is postprandial oxidative stress and our ongoing work is directed to test the implication of an oxida-tive trigger in this model. This rat model should be a useful experi-mental animal model to analyze how metabolic adverse effects of some nutrients trigger endothelial dysfunction.
P456 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D and
the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in
Tehranian adults
Nazanin Noori; Parvin Mirmiran; Fereidoun Azizi
Endocrine Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Introduction: Recent studies have shown that dairy consumption is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome. Calcium and vita-min D, two major components of dairy products, have been postulated to be primarily responsible for the beneficial effect of dairy consump-tion
Purpose: The objective was to examine whether and to what extent intakes of calcium and vitamin D are related to the metabolic syndrome in adults.
Method: In this population-based cross sectional study a repre-sentative sample of 808 subjects (male and female) aged 18–74 y
P459 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Eating patterns as a predictor of ethnicity
and vascular risk
L Brazionis1; C. Itsiopoulos1; K. Rowley2; K. O’Dea1;
J. Best1
1Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, 2School of Population Health, University of Melbourne,
VIC, Australia
Introduction: Evidence suggests diet influences vascular disease risk, and studies increasingly point to patterns of dietary intake, par-ticularly Mediterranean-style diets, as important predictors of mor-bidity and mortality.
Aim and Methods: We proposed to evaluate underlying eating patterns, extracted by factor analysis, as modulators of vascular risk in a cross-sectional study in a sub-cohort of the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS): Selected clinical and dietary exposures were evaluated in 408 Australian-born and Greek-born adults, half with diabetes, as predictors of vascular risk.
Results: Striking differences were observed in dietary intakes of Australian- and Greek-born adults, some 35 years after migration. We identified nine eating patterns, six of which strongly related to ethnic-ity. Four patterns modulated vascular risk, after adjusting for age, gender, diabetes status, smoking history, and ethnicity: The (Greek) vegetable, legume, and meat pattern, predicted a lower risk of diabetes; the (traditional Greek) garlic, olive oil, tomato, cabbage, and feta cheese pattern was associated with alcohol consumption and predicted a lower risk of hypertriglyceridaemia; the (Australian) breakfast pat-tern predicted a lower risk of hypercholesterolaemia, macroalbuminu-ria, and insulin resistance; the (Australian) animal food-based dietary pattern independently predicted higher BMI, fasting blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and a greater risk of diabetes, hypertriglyceridaemia, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension.
Conclusion: Eating patterns may be a useful tool in the manage-ment of vascular risk. We identified culture-specific eating patterns that modulated vascular risk and provide insights into lower Greek migrant mortality rates.
P460 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Educational characteristic of Iranian
coronary patients
M. Maddah
Department of Human Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Rasht, Iran
Objective: Coronary artery disease is the most major cause of mortality in Iran. This study aimed to describe educational levels in coronary man and women in Rasht-Iran. Subjects: A total of 498 patients (255 male and 243 female) with coronary artery disease were studies. Data on age, marital status, educational levels, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and current drug therapy were collected using questionnaire. Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cho-lesterol, triglyceride, serum glucose and blood pressure, body weight, Conclusions: two TG measurements, 3–5 years apart, may assist
in assessing CHD risk in young men: Decreasing initially elevated TG levels are associated with decrease of CHD risk, whereas high preced-ing levels of TG are associated with increase of CHD risk.
P458 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Eating habits among patients with coronary
heart disease
K. Paunovic1; D. Jovanovic2; B. Jakovljevic1
1Institute for Hygiene and Medical Ecology, School of
Medicine, University of Belgrade, 2Institute for Public
Health of Serbia ‘Milan Jovanovic Batut’, Belgrade, Serbia Background: Eating habits have great influence on obesity, cho-lesterol level and lipid status, leading risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of eating habits on CHD in Serbian population.
Method: This cross-sectional study was comprised on 102 partici-pants (mean age 51.7 5.2 yrs): 61 patients with CHD and 41 healthy controls. Coronary event was diagnosed 4.6 yrs prior to investigation (range 1–10 yrs). Food Frequency Questionnaire was used for assess-ment of eating habits one year before of CHD (last year for controls). Multivariate regression was used to assess the risk for CHD by eating habits, adjusted for gender, body mass index, and blood pressure.
Results: Most patients with CHD were obese (50.8%), 34.4% were overweight, and 14.8% had normal weight. Among healthy sub-jects, 41.5% had normal weight, 56.1% were overweight. Patients with CHD more often reported drinking fat milk, eating fat cheese, eggs, pork, poultry, sausages, bacon, smoked meat, and canned meat products (all p 0.01). They more often used animal fat, pasta, bak-ery products, and added salt to served food (all p 0.001). Patients with CHD reported eating less often skimmed milk, beef meat, veg-etables and full-corn bread (p 0.001). Significant risk factors for the CHD were consumption of smoked meat (OR 19.943; 95%CI 2.823–140.891), and fat milk (OR 6.612; 95%CI 1.141– 38.306). Consumption of full-corn bread (OR 0.136; 95%CI 0.039– 0.476) and vegetables (OR 0.132; 95%CI 0.014–1.237) were protective factors for the occurrence of CHD.
Conclusion: Patients with CHD had poor eating habits one year before the occurrence of coronary event. In the prevention of CHD the decrease of consumption of food rich in saturated fats are of prime importance.
