• Aucun résultat trouvé

(1)2 CONTENTS REMERCIEMENTS

N/A
N/A
Info
Télécharger
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "(1)2 CONTENTS REMERCIEMENTS"

Copied!
2
0
0

Chargement.... (Voir le texte intégral maintenant)

Texte intégral

(1)

2 CONTENTS

REMERCIEMENTS... 4

RÉSUMÉ... 5

ABSTRACT... 6

I. INTRODUCTION ... 7

1. MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH... 7

1.1. SPATIAL ECOLOGY... 7

1.2. INVASION ECOLOGY... 8

1.3. TOOLS... 9

2. SPATIAL AND INVASION ENTOMOLOGY... 14

3. STUDY BEETLE:IPS TYPOGRAPHUS... 15

3.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION... 15

3.2. AN INVADER?... 16

3.3. STUDY CASE... 17

II. RESULTS... 18

III. DISCUSSION ... 21

1. DISPERSAL... 21

2. PATHWAY AND RISK ANALYSIS... 22

2.1. ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF INTRODUCTION... 22

2.2. THE ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF SPREAD... 23

2.3. THE USE OF GENETIC TOOL FOR RISK ASSESSMENT... 23

3. PERSPECTIVES ... 24

IV. REFERENCES... 25

V. ARTICLE I: Occurrence of Ips typographus (Col., Scolytidae) along an urbanisation gradient in Brussels, Belgium. ... 33

ABSTRACT... 33

INTRODUCTION... 35

MATERIAL AND METHODS... 36

STUDY AREA... 36

DATA... 36

ANALYSIS... 37

RESULTS... 38

DISCUSSION... 38

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS... 41

REFERENCES... 41

VI. MANUSCRIPT I: Insect introductions related to coniferous round wood imports from Russia to Belgium. A pathway analysis. ... 41

ABSTRACT... 41

INTRODUCTION... 42

MATERIAL AND METHODS... 43

1. Data sources ... 43

2. Data correction and comparisons... 47

RESULTS... 49

1. Information on pathways ... 49

2. Comparative assessment... 49

3. Coniferous round wood imports to Belgium... 50

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS... 52

Potential invaders... 53

(2)

3

High volumes... 53

Treatments... 53

Dispersion and establishment... 54

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS... 54

REFERENCES... 54

VII. MANUSCRIPT II: TESTING IPS TYPOGRAPHUS(COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTINAE) exotic strains introduction scenarios in Belgium... 57

ABSTRACT... 57

INTRODUCTION... 58

MATERIALS AND METHODS... 59

STUDY AREA... 59

MODEL... 60

ENVIRONMENTAL LAYER... 62

POPULATION LAYER... 64

SPREAD AND GROWTH PARAMETERS... 65

SCENARIOS AND ANALYSIS... 66

RESULTS... 66

DISCUSSION... 70

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS... 72

REFERENCES... 73

VIII. MANUSCRIPT III: Is it possible to differentiate eastern and western European populations of the spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) based on genetic population structure?... 77

ABSTRACT... 77

INTRODUCTION... 78

MATERIALS AND METHODS... 79

Insect collection... 79

DNA sequencing... 80

Data analysis... 81

RESULTS... 81

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS... 83

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS... 85

REFERENCES... 85

A. APPENDIX A: Note on Ips duplicatus in Belgium...88

B. APPENDIX B: Genetic analyses: additional information ...91

C. APPENDIX C: Framework for invasion processes ...92

D. APPENDIX D:Pest risk assessment standard scheme ...93

Références

Télécharger maintenant ( PDF - 2 Page - 37.11 KB )

Documents relatifs

Remerciements ... iii

lipolytica ………..…42 Chapitre III: pH and not cell morphology modulates pLIP2 induction in the dimorphic yeast Y. lipolytica………56 Chapitre IV: Multiplexed on-line

Remerciements iii

6.4.5 Exponential bound for melonic graphs and analyticity of the mel- onic Sobolev

Influence of different forest protection strategies on spruce tree mortality during a bark beetle outbreak

Under an outbreak scenario in a buffer zone of a protected area, bark beetle-caused tree mortality was modulated by earlier natural disturbances (wind and bark beetles),

Genetic structure and phylogeography of pine shoot beetle populations (Tomicus destruens and T. piniperda, Coleoptera Scolytidae) in Italy

In this paper we show that the two sibling species of pine shoot beetle, Tomicus destruens and Tomicus piniperda, differ strongly in relation to the genetic structure of

Effects of intensive versus no management strategies during an outbreak of the bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) (Col.: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in the Tatra Mts. in Poland and Slovakia

In the Slovak part of the outbreak practices consisted of: no action prior to 1994, intensive pest control management (trap trees, insecticides, salvage cutting) from 1995–1996,

Is it possible to save the environment and satisify consumers with artificial meat?

1) Cultured muscle has been produced by taking skeletal muscle stem cells (myosatellite cells) from live animals and inducing them to grow and differentiate to form muscle fibers

No to fatality! ... is it possible?

Wondering about the process of consolidation of coordination for the fight against desertification in the Tunisian South by the construction or reconstruction of trust is

Tracking the Near Eastern origins and European dispersal of the western house mouse

To document the timing and pace of human mediated house mouse dispersal and provide new insights into the origin and dispersal of domestic cats, we collected and analysed 829