Cholesterol and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

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Cholesterol and breast cancer risk: a systematic review

and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Philippine Fassier, Paule Latino-Martel, Mathilde His, Teresa Norat, Doris Sm

Chan, Jacques Blacher, Serge Hercberg, Pilar Galan, Nathalie Pecollo,

Mathilde Touvier

To cite this version:

Philippine Fassier, Paule Latino-Martel, Mathilde His, Teresa Norat, Doris Sm Chan, et al..

Choles-terol and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. 12th

European Nutrition Conference (FENS), Oct 2015, Berlin, Germany. Karger, Annals of Nutrition

and Metabolism, 67, pp.2, 2015, Abstracts of the 12th European Nutrition Conference (FENS).

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324

Objectives: To assess postprandial plasma amino acid profiles and whole-body protein synthesis following the ingestion of 35 g wheat protein hydrolysate compared with casein and whey in healthy, older males.

Method / Design: Thirty-six healthy older males (age: 73±1 y, BMI 25.1±0.4 kg/m2) received a primed continuous infusion of L-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine and L-[ring-3,5-2H2]-tyrosine and inges-ted 35 g wheat protein hydrolysate (WHEAT; Meripro, Tereos Syral; n=12), whey (WHEY; Nutri Whey 800F, DMV; n=12), or micellar casein (CASEIN; Refit MCI 80, Domo; n=12). Plasma and muscle samples were collected at regular intervals. Repeated measures ANO-VA was used to identify differences between groups over time.

Results: Plasma leucine concentrations increased following pro-tein ingestion (P<0.01), to a similar extent following WHEAT and CASEIN (P=0.86) and to a greater extent following WHEY (P<0.01). In agreement, peak leucine concentrations averaged 351±11, 316±24, and 580±18 μM for WHEAT, CASEIN, and WHEY, respectively (WHEAT vs CASEIN P=0.40; WHEY vs WHEAT and CASEIN P<0.01). Whole-body protein synthesis increased following protein ingestion in all groups (P<0.01), with no significant differences bet-ween groups (P=0.13). Postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates will be assessed by determining the incorporation of L-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine into myofibrillar protein.

Conclusions: Ingestion of wheat protein hydrolysate increases plasma amino acid availability and stimulates whole-body protein synthesis rates as effectively as casein in healthy, older males.

Keywords: (maximum 5): muscle protein synthesis aging

wheat protein whey casein

149/212. Consumers’ preferences regarding

drinking milk in a selected region of Poland

Author(s): (1) Katarzyna Kiełczewska; (2) Michał Smoczyński; (3) Katarzyna Przybylowicz; (4) Joanna Banach; (1) Bogusław Sta-niewski; (1) Katarzyna Nowak.

Affiliation: (1) Chair of Dairy Science and Quality Management. Faculty of Food Sciences. University of Warmia and Mazury in Ol-sztyn. Poland; (2) Chair of Dairy Science and Quality Management, Faculty of Food Sciences. University of Warmia and Mazury in Ol-sztyn. Poland; (3) Department of Human Nutrition. Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Poland; (4) Department of Industry Commodity. Basics of Technics and Energy Management. Faculty of Food Sciences. University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.

Introduction: As concerns reports on adverse effects of milk consumption by adults, obtaining information on consumption of drinking milk plays a part in planning and intensification of nutritio-nal education aimed at popularization of a well-balanced nutritionutritio-nal method.

Objectives: The aim of this paper was to determine the preferen-ces and inclinations of consumers related to consumption of drinking milk, including flavoured milk.

Method / Design: The assessment, based on the results of a questionnaire, was related to declared consumption, its frequency, reasons for the lack of consumption, choice of pack, fat content, type of meal, level of knowledge on the nutritional value of milk and its products and specify the factors on which consumers depend when buying milk.

Results: The majority of respondents declared the consumption of milk, mostly young persons, with a frequency of 1-3 times a week and followed by every day, usually for breakfast. They preferred milk with fat content of 1.5-2%, cardboard packs and plastic bottles, UHT and pasteurized milk, and, to a lesser degree, micro-filtered milk. Most of the respondents were conscious of the favourable effects of regular consumption of milk, and as they stated, the most important factor was the calcium content in milk, and among the advantages resulting from the consumption of milk, the possibility to prevent skeletal sys-tem diseases – osteoporosis. The most important factors observed as concerns the choice of drinking milk primarily included respondents’ expectations towards the health effects of milk.

Conclusions: As concerns formation of proper nutrition ha-bits, among others through the inclusion of milk products into the daily diet, it becomes an important factor to determine respondents’ knowledge on the advantages resulting from milk consumption and consciousness related to choice factors concerning nutrition and health.

Keywords: (maximum 5): drinking milk, consumers’ preferen-ces, Poland

149/214. Cholesterol and breast cancer risk:

a systematic review and meta-analysis of

prospective studies

Author(s): (1) Philippine Fassier; (1) Paule Latino-Martel; (1) Mathilde His; (2) Teresa Norat; (2) Doris SM Chan; (1) Jacques Blacher; (1) Serge Hercberg; (1) Pilar Galan; (1) Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo; (1) Mathilde Touvier.

Affiliation: (1) Epidemiologist. Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemio-logy and Statistics Research Center, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN). Bobigny. France; (2) Epidemiologist. Imperial College, De-partment of Epidemiology and Public Health. London. United King-dom.

Introduction: Studies that investigated the relationship between blood cholesterol and breast cancer risk showed contrasted results that need to be put into perspective.

Objectives: Our objective was to conduct the first systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies on total cholesterol (T-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and breast cancer risk.

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12th European Nutrition Conference 2015 Ann Nutr Metab 2015; 67(suppl 1)

325

Method / Design: Relevant studies were identified in PubMed (up to January 2014). Inclusion criteria were original peer-reviewed publications with a prospective design. Random effects models were used to estimate summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals. Distinction was made between studies that did or did not exclude cancer cases diagnosed during the first years of follow-up, thereby eliminating potential preclinical bias.

Results: Overall, summary associations with breast cancer risk were HR=0.97(0.94-1.00) (dose-response per 1mmol/L increment, 13 studies) for T-C and HR=0.86(0.69-1.09) (dose-response per 1mmol/L increment, 6 studies) for HDL-C, with high heterogeneity (I2=67% and 47%, respectively). When focusing on studies that eli-minated preclinical bias, T-C (dose-response HR=0.94(0.89-0.99), 7 studies, I2=78% / highest versus lowest HR=0.82(0.66, 1.02) , 9 studies, I2=81%) and HDL-C (dose-response HR=0.81(0.65-1.02), 5 studies, I2=30% / highest versus lowest HR=0.82(0.69-0.98), 5 studies, I2=0%) were inversely associated with breast cancer risk. There was no association between LDL-C and breast cancer risk (4 studies).

Conclusions: These meta-analyses support the evidence of a modest but statistically significant inverse association between T-C, and more specifically HDL-C and breast cancer risk, consistent with mechanistic plausibility from experimental studies. Further large prospective studies that adequately control for preclinical bias are needed. If confirmed, these results suggest that controlling cholesterol level and its fractions may contribute to breast cancer prevention.

Keywords: (maximum 5): Cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, Breast cancer, Prospective studies, Meta-analysis

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HFRQR-mic factors and food habits in Tehran, Iran

Author(s): Klaus Joachim Lauer.

Affiliation: Neuroepidemiologist.Griesheim, Germany.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the human central nervous system (CNS) in which environmental and genetic factors are suggested to play an aetiological role. In Iran, a sharp increase of the prevalence of MS was shown during the past 12 years. In the capital city of Tehran (22 dis-tricts; ca. 8.0 million inhabitants in 2006), the annual incidence (AI) of MS 2001 - 2011 was shown to be much higher the northern (AI: 5.62 - 11.24 per 100,000) vs. the southern (AI: 3.42 - 6.01 per 100,000) districts (Saei et al. 2014).

Objectives: To correlate the distribution of MS incidence in Te-hran with select environmental factors.

Method / Design: Geographical and socio - economic data of the population, subdivided by 10 census districts of Tehran, were taken from Seger 1978 and compared with the MS incidence by means of the U test. As indicator of westernization of food habits, American (n = 10) vs. Asian (including Iranian; n = 48) style restaurants, taken from an independent Internet source, were compared by z - score. The level of significance was p = 0.05.

Results: The incidence of MS was associated with the following variables: northern vs. southern location (p = 0.009); percentage of people having a university qualification (p = 0.009); percentage of people at age 20 who visited a college (p = 0.009); inverse percentage of inhabitants by living room (p = 0.0163); and inverse percentage of workers in the manufacturing industry (p = 0.0122). Restaurants of American vs. Asian style were located more in the northern vs. southern districts of Tehran (z = 2.080; p = 0.038).

Conclusions: Indicators of a higher level of socio - economic advance which included markers of westernized food consumption, were associated with the MS incidence in Tehran, Iran.

Keywords: (maximum 5): multiple sclerosis; epidemiology; socio-economic status; food.

149/216. Prospective association between

dietary folate intake and skin cancer risk:

results from the SU.VI.MAX cohort

Author(s): (1) Philippine Fassier; (1) Mathilde Donnenfeld; (1) Mélanie Deschasaux; (1) Paule Latino-Martel; (1) Abou Diallo; (1) Pilar Galan; (1) Serge Hercberg; (2) Khaled Ezzedine; (1) Mathilde Touvier.

Affiliation: (1) Epidemiologist. Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemio-logy and Statistics Research Center, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN). Bobigny. France; (2) Dermatologist. Saint André Hospital, Dermatology Department. Bordeaux, France.

Introduction: The role of folate in skin carcinogenesis is unclear, with experimental data suggesting potentially protective but also de-leterious effects.

Objectives: Our main objective was to investigate the prospective association between dietary folate intake and the risk of skin cancer (overall), non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), and basal cell car-cinoma (BCC). As an exploratory analysis, we also investigated the prospective association between erythrocyte folate concentration and skin cancer risk.

Method / Design: This study included 5880 participants to the SU.VI.MAX cohort who completed at least six 24h dietary records during the first 2y of follow-up. The associations between sex-specific tertiles of dietary and erythrocyte folate and skin cancer risk were assessed by multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.

Results: After a median follow-up of 12.6y, 144 incident skin cancers were diagnosed. Dietary folate intake was associated with increased risk of overall skin cancer (HRT3vs.T1=1.79(1.07-2.99), Ptrend=0.03), NMSC (HRT3vs.T1=1.85(1.06-3.23), Ptrend=0.03) and BCC (HRT3vs.T1=1.78(0.98-3.24), Ptrend=0.05). This associa-tion was observed in women (corresponding Ptrend=0.007, 0.009, and 0.009), but not in men (Ptrend=0.8, P=0.8 and P=0.9 respecti-vely). Erythrocyte folate concentration was directly associated with increased risk of overall skin cancer (HRT3vs.T1=2.46(0.94-6.45), Ptrend=0.03), NMSC (HRT3vs.T1=3.33(1.08-10.28), Ptrend=0.01) and BCC (HRT3vs.T1=6.46(1.41-29.57), Ptrend=0.004). Downloaded b y: 138 .1 02.7 6.4 3 - 6/ 27 /2 01 6 2: 52:22 PM