High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission - a key technology for our power supply

(1)

J. Dorn, September 2016

Hochspannungsgleichstromübertragung (HGÜ) -

eine Schlüsseltechnologie für unsere Stromversorgung

(2)

■

Page 2

Introduction and Basics

Converter Topologies in HVDC and used Semiconductors

■ Technology of L ine- C ommutated Current Sourced C onverters (LCC) and project examples

■ Technology of Self-commutated V oltage S ourced C onverter (VSC) and project examples

Summary

26.09.2016 Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellschaft

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■

Page 3

Introduction and Basics

Converter Topologies in HVDC and used Semiconductors

■ Technology of L ine- C ommutated Current Sourced C onverters (LCC) and project examples

■ Technology of Self-commutated V oltage S ourced C onverter (VSC) and project examples

Summary

(4)

Fundamental changes in the business of electrical energy

Distributed Energy Systems

Transmission Distribution and Consumption

From centralized power and unidirectional grid ...

... to Decentral and Distributed Energy

Systems and bidirectional balancing

r

1 _Changing

generation mix 2 Generation capacity

additions 4 Decentralization

(public/private) 5 Refurbishment/

upgrades

Page 4 26.09.2016 Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellschaft

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What is HVDC?

Why HVDC?

AC Grid 1 4 ^P ^► ^{AC Grid 2}

C o m p a re d to A C tra n s m is s io n H V D C has a n u m b e r o f a d van tag es:

■ Long overhead lines with high transmission Capacity, lo w tra n s m is s io n losses and red u ced rig h t-o f-w a y ►!

■ C a b le tra n s m is s io n s with low losses and without limitation in length

■ A s y n c h ro n o u s g rid s can be interconnected

■ Increase of transmission capacity without increasing s h o rt c irc u it c u rren ts

■ F ast c o n tro l of power flow, independent from AC conditions

■ Firew all against cascading disturbances, active p o w e r o s c illa tio n d a m p in g

►I

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Comparison of Tower Geometry AC vs. DC

Comparison of Towers for 800 kV A C Line a) and 500 kV DC Line b), at same Transm ission Capacity of 3,000 M W

(7)

HVDC Applications

Long Distance OHL

DC Cable

A C -i ¥-AC

System A ^^DC^Cable^^ System B

Back-to-Back

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HVDC Classic vs. VSC HVDC

AC Grid 1 ◄ ^p ► AC Grid 2

H V D C C la s s ic V S C H V D C

Line-commutated

current-source converter (LCC)

Self-commutated

voltage-source converter (VSC)

Thyristors with turn-on capability only Semiconductor Switches with turn-on and turn-off capability, IGBTs

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■

Page 10

Introduction and Basics

Converter Topologies in HVDC and used Semiconductors

■ Technology of L ine- C ommutated Current Sourced C onverters (LCC) and project examples

■ Technology of Self-commutated V oltage S ourced C onverter (VSC) and project examples

Summary

(10)

HVDC Classic: Basic Converter Design

L R

^h

(11)

Key Components of a typical

Bipolar Classic HVDC Converter Station

A C - Ä --- -- ¥ -AC

1. AC Switchyard 4. Converter Valves / Valve Hall

2. AC Filters 5. Smoothing Reactors and DC Filters 3. Transformers 6. DC Switchyard

(12)

B lo c k in g V o lt a g e [ k V ]

Development of Thyristor Blocking Voltages and Silicon Area in HVDC Converters

~ 2 8 .0 0 0

th y ris to rs / 1 0 0 0 MW (fo r both s ta tio n s)

8 0

7,0

6,01

5,01

4 0

3.0

2.0 1 0

~ 8 0 0

th y ris to rs / 1 0 0 0 MW

I D ire c t Lig h t

T rig g e rin g | 8 5kv

T t

30.000 ^ /.0 0 0

24.000 D C -C u rre n t: 6 2 5 0 A 5 0 0 0 A, 6''

1970 1975 1980

Page 13 26.09.2016

1985 1990 1995 2000

18.000

15.000

12.000

9.000

6.000 < 6 0 0

th y ris to rs / 1 0 0 0 MW 0

2005 2010 2015

Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellschaft

S i A r e a in m m 2

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HVDC Thyristor Module (2x13 Thyristors)

4 5 6

Seite 14 26.09.2016 Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellschaft

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Suspended Thyristor Modules ensure excellent seismic Performance (Gui-Guang I)

Page 15 Energietag 2016 des Arbi K E) »Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellsi ift

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HVDC Classic - Valve Hall and Station

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COMETA, Spain-Mallorca DC Interconnector Indoor AC Yard

Page 17 Ei rgietag 2016 des ArbeitskreisesE^ergie (A KE)deoÖ ster^ejjCfrische nPhvsikalischen

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The 800 kV Xiangjiaba-Shanghai Project

Length of DC Line:

2071 km

DC Voltage:

± 800 kV

DC Current:

4000 A (continuously)

Transmission Capacity:

6400 MW (continuously)

iF e n g x ia n [ c o n v e r t e r

s t a t i o n

F u lo n g c o n v e r t e r s t a t i o n

Page 18 26.09.2016 Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellschaft

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800 kV Converter Station

400 k V nr<

} kV De**“

26.09.2016 Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellscha

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UHVDC - 800 kV Valve Hall

AC Bushings and Transformer Circuitry

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800 kV Overhead Line Xiangjiaba-Shanghai

4 0 0 0 A

+ 8 0 0 k V

8 0 0 k V

6400MW

with these two lines

Seite 21 26.09.2016 Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellschaft

* -

L i .i

. n V li

• 1

i

4 d U M f t b j i» T ^ -f -

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■

Page 22

Introduction and Basics

Converter Topologies in HVDC and used Semiconductors

■ Technology of L ine- C ommutated Current Sourced C onverters (LCC) and project examples

■ Technology of Self-commutated V oltage S ourced C onverter (VSC) and project examples

Summary

(22)

General features of VSC HVDC

G rid a c c e s s o f w e a k A C n e tw o rk s H igh d y n a m ic p e rfo rm a n c e

In d e p e n d e n t c o n tro l o f a c tiv e and re ac tiv e p o w e r S u p p ly o f p a s s iv e n e tw o rk s an d b la c k s ta rt c a p a b ility

S m all s p a c e re q u ire m e n ts

(23)

m onitoring, cooling plates

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Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) Approach

U _ac

U dp

U ^dn

Small Voltage Steps

Small rates of voltage rise Low switching frequencies

Advantages:

Low e m issio n of electrom agnetic H F fields

Filters and shielding u sually not n e ce ssa ry

Low electrical lo s s e s

(25)

MMC - Modularity

*•

PLUSCONTROL™

PM Electronics

l

+

o ■

Submodule

(26)

Converter arms

operated as controlled voltage sources

U ^c (t) t

t t

(27)

Voltage generation

- t

U ^c (t )

i

[

₂

r

A ₎ a ₎ [

1

r

2 n

t

t t

AC and DC Voltages controlled by Converter Module Voltages:

26.09.2016 Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellschaft Seite 28

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All currents controlled by converter arm voltages

-t

U ^c (t) T

T T

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High system availability and reliability due to redundancy concept

Phase Unit Submodule (SM)

R e q u ir e m e n ts :

• N o in te rru p tio n o f o p e ra tio n in c a s e o f a le v e l fa u lt

• A le v e l fa u lt d o e s n o t in flu e n c e s u r r o u n d in g

S o lu t io n :

• B u ilt-in le v e l

re d u n d a n c y (s o m e p e rc e n t)

• F a s t a n d h ig h -r e lia b le b y p a s s - s w it c h

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Handling of DC pole-to-pole fault by using a protection thyristor

o - -

1

SM Electronics

I G B T 1 DD1

I

| IGBT2 D2

f

2

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M o d u la re r A u fb a u des S tro m ric h te rs (1)

26.09.2016

Source: Siemens AG

Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellschaft

Seite 32

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Modularer Aufbau des Stromrichters (2)

H

Source: Siemens AG

Seite 33 26.09.2016 Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellschaft

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Components and subsystems

Switchyard Transformers Star Point Reactor

üb

Insertion Resistor Bypass Switch

rin ^{e i -}

Current Measuring Devices Control, Protection and Monitoring System

Converter

Reactors DC Switchyard Transmission Path

r \

r

\ h m u —

n

U B fr

v |>Bb

To/ from other Station

O — H r

►I

(34)

Transbay Cable Bird’s eye view

S o u rc e : S ie m e n s A G

(35)

Increase of Power Rating of MMCs

T ra n sb a y C a b le 400 M W 2010

H elW in 1 576 M W 2014

H elW in 2 690 M W 2015

S ylW in 1 864 M W 2015

BorW in 2 800 M W 2015

Inelfe 2 x 1000 M W 2015

BorW in 3 900 M W 2019

C o m m e rcia l operation.

\

►

/

A ll platform s in com m ercial operation!

C o m m e rcia l operation.

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iwtwuw

INELFE, France-Spain Overview

Customer INELFE (RTE and REE)

Project Name INELFE

Location Balxas, France -

Santa Llogala, Spain

Power Rating 2 x 1000 MW

Type of Plant HVDC PLUS

Voltage Levels ± 320 kV DC AC 400 kV, 50 Hz

Distance 65 km underground cable

Semiconductors IGBT

(37)

INELFE, France-Spain

Worldwide biggest VSC HVDC System with 2000 MW capacity

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■

Page 39

Introduction and Basics

Converter Topologies in HVDC and used Semiconductors

■ Technology of L ine- C ommutated Current Sourced C onverters (LCC) and project examples

■ Technology of Self-commutated V oltage S ourced C onverter (VSC) and project examples

Summary

(39)

Comparison of LCC and VSC technology

Line-commutated Converter Technology: Self-commutated VSC Technology:

> Reactive power demand Reactive power controllable

> High efforts for filtering Low or even no filtering efforts resulting on lower space requirement

> Requirements for short circuit power Weak and passive networks can be connected; black start capability

>

Block of converter in case of AC faults ^ Fault ride through capability

Very low losses >

> Operational experience since middle of last century

>

> DC current up to 6.25 kA plus additional overload capability 10 GWs @ +/- 800kV)

> Maximum DC current per converter around 2 kA

> Higher efforts for multi-terminal systems due to polarity reversal

> Multi-terminal simpler due to fixed voltage polarity

> Inherent DC fault clearing capability

^r

DC fault clearing capability

Best solution depends on required transmission capacity, other requirements and circumstances

Seite 40 26.09.2016 Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellschaft

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Thank you for your attention ^SIEMENS

Jörg Dorn

Head of R&D

Transmission Solutions Siemens AG

www.siemens.com/answers

Energietag

2016 des Arbeitskreises

Energie (AKF1

r i p r

fWprrpirhic;p.hfin Physikalischen

F j P R P l l R r . h f l f t

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission - a key technology for our power supply

J. Dorn, September 2016

Hochspannungsgleichstromübertragung (HGÜ) -

eine Schlüsseltechnologie für unsere Stromversorgung

■

■

■

Introduction and Basics

Converter Topologies in HVDC and used Semiconductors

■ Technology of L ine- C ommutated Current Sourced C onverters (LCC) and project examples

■ Technology of Self-commutated V oltage S ourced C onverter (VSC) and project examples

Summary

■

Introduction and Basics

Converter Topologies in HVDC and used Semiconductors

■ Technology of L ine- C ommutated Current Sourced C onverters (LCC) and project examples

■ Technology of Self-commutated V oltage S ourced C onverter (VSC) and project examples

Summary

Fundamental changes in the business of electrical energy

Distributed Energy Systems

Transmission Distribution and Consumption

From centralized power and unidirectional grid ...

... to Decentral and Distributed Energy

Systems and bidirectional balancing

r

1 Changing

generation mix 2 Generation capacity

additions 4 Decentralization

(public/private) 5 Refurbishment/

upgrades

What is HVDC?

Why HVDC?

AC Grid 1 4 P ► AC Grid 2

C o m p a re d to A C tra n s m is s io n H V D C has a n u m b e r o f a d van tag es:

■ Long overhead lines with high transmission Capacity, lo w tra n s m is s io n losses and red u ced rig h t-o f-w a y ►!

■ C a b le tra n s m is s io n s with low losses and without limitation in length

■ A s y n c h ro n o u s g rid s can be interconnected

■ Increase of transmission capacity without increasing s h o rt c irc u it c u rren ts

■ F ast c o n tro l of power flow, independent from AC conditions

■ Firew all against cascading disturbances, active p o w e r o s c illa tio n d a m p in g

►I

Comparison of Tower Geometry AC vs. DC

Comparison of Towers for 800 kV A C Line a) and 500 kV DC Line b), at same Transm ission Capacity of 3,000 M W

HVDC Applications

Long Distance OHL

DC Cable

A C -i ¥-AC

System A ^^DC^Cable^^ System B

Back-to-Back

HVDC Classic vs. VSC HVDC

AC Grid 1 ◄ p ► AC Grid 2

H V D C C la s s ic V S C H V D C

Line-commutated

current-source converter (LCC)

Self-commutated

voltage-source converter (VSC)

Thyristors with turn-on capability only Semiconductor Switches with turn-on and turn-off capability, IGBTs

■

Introduction and Basics

Converter Topologies in HVDC and used Semiconductors

■ Technology of L ine- C ommutated Current Sourced C onverters (LCC) and project examples

■ Technology of Self-commutated V oltage S ourced C onverter (VSC) and project examples

Summary

HVDC Classic: Basic Converter Design

L R

Key Components of a typical

Bipolar Classic HVDC Converter Station

A C - Ä --- -- ¥ -AC

1. AC Switchyard 4. Converter Valves / Valve Hall

2. AC Filters 5. Smoothing Reactors and DC Filters 3. Transformers 6. DC Switchyard

B lo c k in g V o lt a g e [ k V ]

Development of Thyristor Blocking Voltages and Silicon Area in HVDC Converters

~ 2 8 .0 0 0

th y ris to rs / 1 0 0 0 MW (fo r both s ta tio n s)

8 0

7,0

6,01

5,01

4 0

3.0

1 _Changing

AC Grid 1 4 ^P ^► ^{AC Grid 2}

AC Grid 1 ◄ ^p ► AC Grid 2

U _ac

U ^dn