Guidelines for annual and more frequent industrial inquiries in African countries

UNITED NATIONS _^

ECONOMIC rf*fc*«fc ™»

AND WISW 25 H°TCml3er 1966

SOCIAL COUNCIL ^^ #risinali MGIISH

ECQMOMIC COMMISSION FOE AFEICA Working Group of Experts on Industrial Statistics

Addis Abafca, 12-17 December 1966

FOE -0KtL9J> AEiTIl MORE FREQUEET5!

IK33U3TEIAL IH^CriBIES IN AFEICM CCtMTBIES,

"by the United Nations

Statistical Office«)

M66-X65O

&H&£ii&feB**saagJ!iMglJl^fe^^

1.; ; The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the adequacy f«r African countries of the current international recommendations for annual inquiries in the field of industrial statistics, and t« attempt to define some of the general principles which should guide a revision

|f^MsV recommendations. The paper also discusses 00m© of Hh& major issues involved in the development of international recommendations

for monthly and quarterly industrial inquiries suited'tf the 3?equ|j?a!Qents

;,;■-.■ . ■ : - - ', :.: ■ ■ ■■■■ I : ,::v . i '■'' i I'" i. ■■ ■

anil' conditions of the regioh*

2. ,. The specific interest of the Secretariat in the discussion :#f. these topics stems from the direct request of the Statistical Commission at its thirteenth session in 19^5 that the Seeretary-Geneial should "develop recommendations for annual and more frequent industrial inq.uiri.es". A resolution embodying this request was adopted after consideration of a

progress report submitted by the Secretary-General—'on the 1963 World

Programme'•£ Basic Industrial Statistics and after a discussion «f the implications of the 1963 World Programme for future international recommendations in this field*

3- ... In the report of its thirteenth session, the Commission recom-.

mended that the nest World Programme of Basic Industrial Inquiries- should be undertaken for the year 1973 and that inquiries on an annual and more frequent basis should be systematically undertaken by>countries to provide information in the intervals between these benchmarks* The importance o£ current inquiries in providing continuity of information on industrial activity and in developing and maintaining the skills and organization'required for work in the field of industrial statistics

was particularly stressed. . ;' " ■

4., A' more general interest in the discussion of tlie present subgect arises from the dominant importance of annual industrial statistics. f»r

1/ "Progress Report on the 1963 World Programme *f Basic , industrial Statistics" (Document e/QJ 3/318)* United lations,

I^ew Yorkj 1965- . : . " '' ' ' ' " ■ ' / '

Page 2

current economic analysis and policy-making, both at the national and international levels. It has become.evident.that the existing inter national recommendations on this matter are not only tending to lag behind current practice in many countries but are also in danger of losing touch generally with contemporary requirements for statistical...

d**¥*.^°.r Planning, purposes, A major effort, is therefore necessary t.» ^ bring these recommendations into lin.e with current needs for information on industry botH as an independent'sector of the national .economy • and aa an activity contributing importantly to the over-all dimensions; o$,produc tion, dncome, capital formation and employment. The need for a new

appraisal of national accounting requirements for annual data on industry 'has become particularly urgent in view of the developments which have'1

taken place in this field in recent years and the efforts which are now being made to revise and expand the related international recommendations, 5« It .may. be noted at this point that the problem of adapting the. . existing recommendations to meet more adequately contemporary, national accounting requirements.has two. distinct aspects. On the ene hand there is the question of the extent to which the structure and content of the current recommendations for compiling information on an establishment basis should be amended to' :meet these demands and, on the ather hand, the question of theextent to which supplementary recommendations should be introduced to provide for the compilation of selected items of informa

tion on an enterprise basis.

6, The paper is organised in two parts dealing, respectively, with annual-inquiries and inquiries made .at more frequent intervals* The pattern of the discussion is broadly the same in the two part,s, except . that, in dealing with the second type of inquiry, the discussion of, ..

existing international recommendations is necessarily abbreviated. In each case, reference is made to the status of existing'work in the region and to the special; characteristics of the inquiries undertaken.

The basic objectives are to highlight the major issues involved.in developing, and implementing new .recommendations, in this field and t»

define any issues of purely regional interest which would appear te

*^^ ,

Page 3

fo#m suitable subjects for-the-discussions of the Working" Group.

... - .PART I * ANNUAL BFQUIEISS , . .

7* International recommendations on the objectives of annual inquir ies into industry were first published in 1953 as part of more general recommendations for basic inquiries into industrial activity and structure.

These recommendations appear in summary form in International Standards in BaaiC Industrial Statistics (Series K, No, 17) and in the revised'

version of this paper International Recommendations in Basic Industrial

••Statistics (Series M, No, 17, Rev.l) which was published in I960. They are discussed at length in the manual Industrial Censuses and Related Inquiries (Series F? No, 4). ■ ■ * ■ ■ '"

6V The intention of these recommendations is indicated in the intr*duc- tion to Series M, No, 17, Rev. Is

:MThe.recommendations are not intended as either ra maximum or .min imum programme in basic industrial statistics. The recommendations are desired to provide a set of objectives that might be realized within the foreseeable future by most countries and to encourage the . production of the important data on industrial activity that are required for both national and international purposes. It is recognised that some countries will find it desirable in practice to go beyond the recommenda

tions in terms, for example,, of the kinds of data compiled and the

level of detail and frequency with which these statistics are made availa ble* Alternatively, other countries will find compilations, at this time, of all reoommended statistics with the suggested coverage and frequency

■fc«o ambitious an undertaking "

■ . •-■■ '.;. ■/.*■.■'■'■ . ■■ ■ ■ ■ " ■ ' ■ .' - '. -; ;

9. ; It is clear from this quotation that.formally, at least, the .current recommendations, cannot be.criticised as constituting an unduly .: xdgid prescription for-the compilation, of industrial dajba* Nor can. .

the recommendations be criticized for ignoring the need Jo.meet interna tional as well as national requirements for information* This objective is> drufact^ repeatedly mentioned In. the introduo/M-Pn as a basic . (..

consideration in the preparation of these standards.

Page 4

10. In a number.; oS,-waysy.howev0.ry ■ the .recommendations now appear £•■- be unsatisfactory in meeting contemporary requirements for guidance in this field. This is partly a matter of the priorities recommended, partly .a .matter Of balance and partly a matter of the implied context within which the recommendations are put forward. These weaknesses are discussed in sequence in the following paragraphs,

11> ■ \':-In the^first:";place,';;it--is apparent on inspection that-the- ....•■;

recommendations are. not welS adapted to the:provision of data f*r, _■;.:

national accounting purposes, even when this exercise is conceived im the most general sense,. This is true .not only.in the case ef in£«rmati«*

required for the measurement and .analysis of productive activity in the industrial sector but also in the case of data needs for ..the measurement and analysis .of other economic activities undertaken in the sector such as income generation and capital formation* It is of particular imp»r-

tanoe from the point of view of oountries in the region that the reooawnen&a—

tions are leas adequate for the preparation of systems of national accounts ©f the French type than for systems designed along the*lines recommended *by the United^actions in A System of Rational Accounts and

Supporting Tables (SNA). This inadequacy of the existing recommenda

tions vis-a-vis national 'accounting requirements assumes greater significance when the complex demands for data ori industrial activity p»sed by "the revised SKA 'are considered. .- ■ . .12«,. In, the second.place, it now.seems clear fr«m experience.that the

present recommendations for the compilation of basic industrial .statistics

liave placed too much stress on the benchmark type of inquiry; made'.at relatively infrequent intervals and that this distribution of emphasis has resulted in the comparatively weak development of systems »f current statistics"on an"annual, quarterly er monthly basis. This has been

unfortunate n«t only from the point of view of compiling'annual nsti#nai accounts and more specific measures of current activity in the industrial sect«r but alse from the point of view of building up the permanent *rganiza-

ti«n an2 developing the skills needed ^fco achieve satisfactory results from

the benchmark inquiries' themselves. The relationship between the bench-

£M&£^^

Page 5

mark and current inquiries is viewed here as a matter of some delicacy, requiring adjustment on the basis of a careful assessment #f the need for the various kinds of information gathered and the possibilities of organizing and executing the inquiries involved with strictly limited resources- The nature of this relationship is examined in the paper

"The Integrated System of Industrial Statistics and Some of its Uses"

;.now^ before the meeting. , .: ; ':■■,.

13, Thirdly, it may "be contended that, in the current recommendations,

the compilation of annual industrial statistics is conceived t*«

narrowly as the product of a relatively cemprehensive and unified inquiry patterned on the periodical census. The tendency in practice on the other hand is t* look at possible sources of information m»re' ■ flexibly, t» utilize as far as possible information which is the by— „ p3j»duct«of administrative action, and to supplement the series of basic inquiries, "with multiple independent inquiries devoted t».the more painted investigation, of specific aspects of activity* Part of the task, therefore, in revising the international recommendations is t» re-assess the role

.. mf the unified inquiry in the provision .of current information and t», establish principles governing the distribution of temphasis:.betweem, . ..

inquiries, of this kind-and other ..possible sources of information.

14, ■ These paragraphs have dealt with three important areas where re-

*rient$tion of the existing recommendations appears t© be warranted.

Essentially1 what this discussion amounts to is that in each case rather than rigidly foilaw the traditional prescription we should look at the kind**0f'information that is required" and then examine with ari^open mind! - tHe m>st practical ways in which it might be obtained. The more concrete implications 'of the discussion of the re-orientation of the existing recwmmendations may be better appreciated by a few examples of how the recommendations have to be adapted »r. amended t» meet specific,national situations. The.adequacy «f the recommendations for meeting national • , data requirements is considered first,

l5*' The preparation of estimates f^r national accounts system ef the

SHA'type, which may- "be considered as a minimum requirement for effeotive

Page 6

national economic planning, involves the estimation each year of such

measures as national income by distributive shares gross domestic

product. % industry of Origin arid gross national product by type of final expenditure. Fevertheless,' the current recommendations for annual

industrial statistics are not at all adapted to facilitate this work.

2h« concentration on-the establishment as the statistical unit is one

•f the sources of difficulty since in many oases ii;1 rules out effectively the. provision of much relevant financial information and leaves unanswered the question a£ the derivation of estimates of both gross product, and net income generated. The distribution of emphasis 3>n these inquiries between the establishment and the enterprise is thus seen as one of the

basic ^issues of ..method. . ■ 4

l6» ■ The lack of- effective provision for national accounting requirements is: even more striking when the needs of more elaborate systems »f-ao<ftruni;-- ing "feuch as sysfeme of the French type are considered. These aye terns are currently in use in many of the French-speaking countries of the 'region and one of their most" important common features is their detailed and f systematic'use of the commodity—flow approach in deriving the main aggifb—

gates* and breakdowns. The implications of this procedure for national programmes of industrial "statistics are, however, largely overlooked in the current recommendations and it is difficult to find any definitive ; guidance on the. -wa^: on which the production and- consumption of cpmmod- m Ities should be classified and. analysed for such purposes. It may be noted, that, the proposals, for the revision -jf SNA envisage the development

•f both commodity balances and sector production accounts as part •f.the new system and the elaboration of the expenditure aggregates of th^

system in. terms of a new. standard commodity classification. . . -

17• The distribution of empnasis laid on the various types' of inquiry in the recommendations itfes been reflected in practice in a concentration

ef effort on benchmark inquiries, "Cases of countries where ecorfcmie research and planning are, in the absence of adequate current statistics,

effectively geared to the results qf decennial or infrequent censuses af

activity are not at all;unusual. At the statistical level, this imbalance

Page 7

is often ..seen in intensive efforts to construct annual "national, accounting measures, if hot full systems of. national accounts, on -the -'basis ofvthe crudest entrapolations of-figures obtained from these inquiries.

18. To sum up these remarks, it is the contention of this paper that annual inquiries int6 industry should satisfy the following criteria!

(l) tfedy should be designed io provide the basic information on the"

sector required for annual national accounting purposes and any additional information of.a general character which may be required £»r economic

res^a^ch. and planning. (2) they should be properly related in the light

"•f needs and possibilities to both benchmark inquiries and t* inquiries

rn a' quarterly or monthly basis and (3) they should be conceived Md decided upon-"enly^ after a general' evaluation of all actual and possible sources of the information required* *> ■■ : ; *:

19* -Annex 1 of the paper consists of three syrieptic tables showing the nature, scope and other characteristics of annual and m#re frequent indus trial inquiries undertaken currently in the region* The annex in its

■'• ..■■ ■■■::. . : ■ . • ■■ ... - / ■-:' ■: .■ : ■■■.■■■■ .■

present form is regrettably not complete since only a few replies had been received at the time of writing in response to the questionnaires di%tri"buted on the subject by the Secretariat. It will, however, bej completed !as part of the work to be undertaken byJ the Secretariat in - oonftexibn: with the preparation of new recommendations for annual and * m»re frequent inquiries. '■'" -" ■ -?1 -

20. The three tables in the annex deal respectively with?

(i) the'general characteristics of annual and more frequent inquiries.

(?,i) the items of data collected, and (iii) : the tabulations published.

In the following-paragraphs, a: reference is" made t« some conclusions :

%uggested: by: country prac%it*es in undertaking annual inquiries as : reflect€*;■ in these tabl%s,; * * . i i _,:

21* Of the thirty-eight countries in the region represented iii tkese tables, more: iEan one half (20) undertake annual industrial^in^iirieS'-•£.

a' general nature covering at least the whole of the manufacturing seot'«r*

The coijftrfcries in question are Algeria, Ethiopia,*"Ghana^" Ivory

E/CSU.I4/STAT/5

Page 8

Liberia,' Libya, Malawi, Morocco, Nigeria,. Rwanda, -Sudan* Tanzania, *,.■.".

Tog*-, HHinisia,- Uganda,, 0AE, and Zambia; Of these countries, Ghana, v Kenya, Nigeria and Tanzania supplement the general inquiry~by a; ■■,-.-■..

special annual inquiry into employment, and earnings5 ..in Malawi .and .,- *"''

Zambia the inquiry is supplemented by a quarterly survey of similar typ^. .^m^.3^ inquiries in other countries normally cover relatively . ■ Jimited segments of industrial activity. ...,.-.

22# ; Although the information on the subject included in these tables^

is,: only partial, it appears that with a few exceptions,, normally t»^be found in the Frenches peaking countries, the, primary statistical unit #or ■_

reporting purposes is>fcte^estab?,ishment- A particularly interesting :■

practice is found in Algeria whero-^fcwo types of questionnaire are sent

t# each enterprise, one to be eompleted"l3y the. enterprise itselfL-arrd the

other. t«-be completed by its component establishicents^^--^Xh this way, . information* on the real and financial aspects of industrial activity can be articulated and the common problems of reoonxj±lijag.restabliskment and

enterprise data from different sources avoided if not in all cases,

overcome.

23. ■ .Apart from the surveys, of employment and earnings mentioned

independent periodical in<juiries into special aspects of industrial .,:. •r.-«

activity are not found frequently in the region. A few examples, d»^ , :v however, exist such as the Survey of Business Expectations in Kenya and the Survey of Business Trends in Morocco* . ;.

.24. .Gar©rally speaking, the,character of the more basic.annual:inq.uiasios -*

, in the region conforms quite, closely to: the current international reo«mmend;a- tions.; Inquiries ia French-speaking-countries :,.howev»r, as we have noted tend to refer to the enterprise rather than. t«, the establishment, and $*, -.

.... . . .. , ■, 'ji1

give greater prominence t« the reporting ».f inf*riEi.ation on incwaeTgenera-ling activity and financial condition,.

»*25« ^«r. the purposes '.o^-detaileii- discussion by the -working group, the

•^current international recommendations on annual inquiries may be considered

separately^uadei; the- f^O.lo-wing-'.headia^ss (a) objectives-and.BG,«pei

^^y^^ ^aajmaMaaanfraai ' t r, -im?"'^-gaadfeiisfcSiiiisiSs^^

Page 7

is .often seen.in intensive efforts to construct annual national accounting

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ »■.,-».

measures|.'if net full systems of national accounts, on the .basis o^1 the

■■■■■■■■■. , ■'■ *v . ■

crudest entrapolations of figures obtained from these inquiries.

18* To sum up these remarks, it is the contention of this paper that annual inquiries into industry should satisfy the following criteria*

(l) they should "be designed to provide the "basic information on. the

sector required for annual national accounting purposes and;any additional information of a general character which may he required.£»r economic

' rese&yQ& and planning. (2) they should be properly related in the light

«f-needs/and possibilities to "both benchmark inquiries and t* inquiries

fria quarterly or monthly basis and:(3) they should be conceived and

decided upon only after a general evaluation of all actual and possible

■sources of the information required* * - * ^ , ; . * s

19. -Annex* 1 of the paper consists of three synoptic tables showing the nature, scope and other characteristics of annual and mire frequent indus trial inquiries undertaken currently in the region. The annex in ,its present form is regrettably not complete since only a few replies had ■ b@>en received at the time of writing in response t6 the questionnaires 'distributed on the subject by the Secretariat* It will, however, be •

completed as part of the work to be undertaken by the Secretariat in connexion with the preparation of new recommendations for annual and mire frequeht: inquiries. ■ " -.-... — ;■.■;■'

•-■■.. '"

20,- The .three tabl^e in the annex deal respectively with*

(*l) the general characteristics' of annual and more frequent inquiries*

(35.) the items of data collected, and (iii) the tabulations published.

-In the: following paragraphs, a reference is made t« some conclusions

"sijrggested ~b^ countiry pxaciii-ces in undertaking annual inquiries as :

reflected- in these tabled* ** ■ "■r- : ■ ■ ■■

21* Of the thirty-eight countries in the region represented in these tables^ more than one half (-20) undertake annual industrials inquiries *f

*a general nature covering at least the whole of, the manufacturing seot*r«

The countries in question are Algeria, Efniopia, Ghana, Ivory O»ast,

Page 8

Liberia, Libya, Malawi, Morocco, Figeria, Rwanda, Sudan," Tanzania,

To£.i, Tunisia, Uganda, TTAR, and Zambia. Of these countries, Ghana1, ■ Kenya, Nigeria and. Tanzania supplement the general inquiry by a

special annual inquiry into employment and earnings 5 in Malawi-and Zambia the, inquiry is supplemented by a quarterly survey of similar typ.$» Annual inquiries in other countries normally cover relatively limited segments of industrial activity. . . -..-- 22# Although the information on the subject included in these tables is only partial, it appears that -with a few exceptions, normally t» be found in the French-speaking countries, the primary statistical unit reporting purposes is^fee^estab?..ishment« A particularly interesting prabti.ee is found in:,Algeria wherja^fcwo types of questionnaire are sent t# each enterprise, one to be completed by the enterprise itselfL-and the other ta be completed by its component establishments^--"Inthis way, ,:

information on the real"and financial aspects of industrial activity can be articulated and the common problems of re^jomiilijag^establiskment and enterprise data from different sources avoided if not in all cases, wholly

overcome. . . ■ ■ . #

23, Apart from, the surveys of employment and earnings' mentioned ab»ve, independent; periodical iiv^uiriee into special aspects of industrial activity are not-found frequently in the region- A few examples, d»

however, exist such as the Survey of Business Expectations in Kenya anfl.

the Survey of Business Trends in Morocc*. , . ,..

24. Gererally speaking,- the character of the more basic annual inquiries in the region conforms quite.closely to the current international rec#mmenda- tions. Inquiries in French-speaking-countries b6wev©r, as we have noted s tend to refer to the ienterprise rathes than t« the establishment and t#'

give greater prominence t« the reporting »f information on inc«se~generating

activity and financial condition. . .

,the purposes of detailed discussion by the working group, the international recommendations on annual inquiries may be considered

under the fwllomiig hea&iiigs-* (a) objectives -and sc«pej

Page 9

(b) coverage, frequency an.d inquiry period; (o) statistical-unitf

(d) items-of data :to. be gathered,4abulated and published.; (e) classifica tion schemes 5 and (f) methods of enumeration*. .--Far convenience, Annex II

t« the. paper summarizes in tabular" f orm the current recommendations on the nature of the information to be collected and compiled on an

: ;■'■ ■ -. - ■ . ■ ■" ■ ■ - ■■ .*. ■ ■ ■ ■ . ■; * -.."'■".■ ■■■•*■ ■"■."

establishment basis, .

26- Regarding methodology in general, it is important in these inquiries t» insure the comparability of the information from §rear, t* year e» that changes in structure and activity can be accurately assessed. . Ii :is :

particularly important to.take adequate..aessures for this purpose .where changes have been introduced in.^definitions or classifications, .in :sc;ope or coverage, or in other major methodological features of the inquiry*.

In the event that changes, of this nature cannot be avoided, -comparability should be ensured by compiling and publishing the results where possible by both old and new methods.

27. On the question of classification schemes, the most significant

schemes of this kind for the results of annual inquiries-are,those relating tt the kind of. activity and location of the statistical unit and.t* tfee kinds* of commodities produced and, consumed, .. : : : ■ ..

28*. The kind of activity classification should be based on the ISIC.

A-more detailed classification system may be necessary for national uses

but' it would be very useful if the national classifications (usually"

4-digits) could be combined to the 3-digit groups of the ISIC or at least

to the 2-digit groups-

29.. The area classification is peculiar te each country. Itfhen deciding

on this classification, the following should be 3rept in minds (l) each

geographic area for which industrial data are shown should coincide with

one or more administrative sub-divisions of the country; (2) fhe area

selected "should be large enough so that data can be published without

the disclosure of confidential information o«ncerhing single industrial

units, and, if sampling is used, without excessively high errors. It is

necessary to keep in mind also that in most cases the area classification

Page 10

is used crsss-classified by kind of activity. The selection therefore should.take- account not only of:the t*tal number.of units.in the.area but also of the number of units in theyarea engaged in the same activity, 30. In an annual survey, data on the quantity and value of individual products produced er consumed are among the most useful. To get'useful data it is necessary to'collect these items in a consistent manner.

Taking into; account that even in a developing country tens of thousands ff products are produced and consumed, it is necessary to select for » individual measurement--only important products and materials that ean be sufficiently well-defined to. yield additive data on quantities, and that can be. conveniently reported on by industrial units. Three points should be-settled to achieve satisfactory■results in this field. First, which kind of commodity, should be selected? second, how should these commodities be grouped and-finally how the quantity should .be measured. ■

. . , PART II - MONTHLY OR QUARTERLY BJQfflBIES

31• A discussion of the development of suitable recommendations for mentfrly or quarterly industrial inquiries involves questions which diSfer in order of magnitude from those, associated -with the development of

recommendations for annual inquiries. In terms of the requirements of economic research and planning for current information of this nature, such inquiries are normally much less important than the corresponding .annual inquiries* Nevertheless, in view of the tendency for planning

periods to shorten and the desire of governments to maintain a closer watch on trends in economic activity and on the implementation of their annual plans,'the demand for more comprehensive short-term information seems destined to increase,'

32. For the developing countries, emphasis in these inquiries must be laid on the development of key indicators of changes in categories of

economic activity rather than on attempts .to make precise and comprehensive measurements of its level:and structure. Speed in the collection of

information is essential .and .the costs of .frequent inquiries must be tolerable*

Page 11

These restrictions"~n*t---only minimize the- number of items of

is feasible to collect "but often imply the use of index numbers•or other rough indicators of the direction of change.

33. "'■ Information on changes in-the: levels of production and employment is of basic importance for the effective'measurement of economic trends and may "be considered as a miniiQum requirement. Changes in the level .

•f output of *fche ..larger industrial units, in the production of individually important commodities, in'"'the number, of employed and the wages and salaries paid by these establishments should be available as basic guides to current

movements and shifts in activity in 'the, industrial sector. .-This.-information can be added to and refined in more developed systems by the systematic collection* of data on changes in stocks, new orders raceivedj unfilled orders, sales or shipments, man-hours worked, overtime worked and a variety

■of mother indicators af business conditions.

■V' .- . '■ - """ " : ' :■■■■■.

34> The coverage of quarterly and monthly inquiries mil normally be more restricted than in the case of annual inquiries. As a consequence of the great emphasis on,economy and speed in the collection and .compilation of current data, it -will usually be necessary to restrict,these inquiries to industrial units identifiable from an available industrial directory and to introduce sampling techniques to cut down costs. .

35- The techniques by which the restriction is accomplished necessarily

differ according to the characteristics of the particular industry. In

the steel industry »r the sugar refining industry for example the cumber of units in -which amajor share of a particular product is produced, tend ti: be few. Consequently all units can be enumerated. ;At the, other extreme,

perhaps in baking or brick production, for example, a^large number of small units tend to preduce alhajor part of a particular product and sampling,

techniques are therefore found to be the most appropriate collection method.

However' other products fall between the two extremes, ihe units are on the.one hand too many to enumerate completely and on the other hand too few for the satisfactory utilisation. ..of sampling. In this, oase-if "isf-'■

possible to enumerate all units above a given siaej the size cut—off of

each indusijry being set Mow enough'ftf ensure thatJ sufficiently large

Page 12

proportion, se,y 60 per1; cent' to 70. per cent, of thevtotal. production.,of

'the commodity is covered (assuming, that all establishments fall within the field of coverage), .. .

36.'i-^In African countries, it appears from Ar.r ei I that'relatively few general inquiries into industrial;activity are made at *aore frequent than annual.intervals. The quarterly, inquiry in: Ghana is exceptional-in this respect in terms of its scope and coverage and the kinds «f informa&ioa.

collected. The semi-annual, inquiry in Morocco, though of smaller dimensions, may "also "be mentioned in this connexion* For the most part, the quarterly

•r#monthly inquiries which1 are. made relate to surveys of employment and earnings with'a /bread coverage of activity, or to relatively narrow

inquiries designed to collect information on the production of a selected

number of commodities only. .- .

37* The diverse nature of "these semi-annual, quarterly and monthly inquiries is perhaps not surprising in view of the virtual absence «f international recommendations on the subject*. The only guidance of this kind"'Which is n«w available relates to the ^compilation »f current index

numbers of industrial production—'end to the compilation of current data

■<m%emplbyment, wages and-salaries and man-hours worke&H 2/ "-.■ •;■■

38. In discussing in detail the question of the development of "*

international recommendations for these inquiries, the traditional . ,■

approach may be used as suitable -framework. The sequence rf items f«r

discussion might be as followss. (a.) objectives andf»;scope.5 (b) coverage, frequency and inquiry period? (c) statistical unit5 (d) items-of data t# be gathered, tabulated and published* (e) classification schemes^, and (f) methods of enumeration* The questions of the most suitable use

of sampling techniques and of the derivation of sampling frames might also be included in this list in view of their fundamental importance - to these inquiries. Annex III to the paper contains a proposal

If IndQ^umber of Industrial ProductionV Studies in Methods, Series F, 3Jo. 1, United Nations, New York, 1950.

2/ :International atandardigation of Labour Statistics, Studies

and Reports, "Hew Series, No. 53, International Labour Of'fioe Geneva, 1959.

E/C3J.14/STAT/5

Page 13

for the kinds of information which should be collected on an establishment basis in the more general inquiries and might form a useful focus for the

discussion under (d) above. Regarding classification schemes and the

general requirements for intertempdrally comparable data, the remarks

made in connexion -with the discussion of annual inquiries should be

referred to.

TABLE1 Theoharactergfannualandmorefrequentindustrial,inquiriesinAfricanocuuitrieB Country Hameof inquiry ALGERIA 1.Industrial survey 2. BOTSWANA 1. CAMEROOH 1. CENTRALAFRICAH REPUBLIC

1. '

2. 3. CEAD 1. 2. COtfGO

(BRAZZA

VILLE) 1- 2,

CONGO (DEMOCRATIC

REPUBLICOP) 1.

I'req.uency Annual Monthly Annual Quarterly Annual Monthly,t Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Annualand Monthly Quarterly ■*--

Scope

(in terms

ofISIC) lj2-3J 4)5 2-3$5H( 512-

70 principal

commodities 1

(Seleoted)

1

(Gold and

tinores)j 511 1(Selected)

2-3

(Sel

ected)

511 201 511 112-3j

(Selected)

511 IS2-3J

511

Coverage (sizeorother criteria) Establishmentswith 5ormoreemployees Annualdatacover threestationsof Brazzaville,Pointe HoireandSolisie. Monthlydatacover Brazzavilleand PointeFoires-ta- tionsonly

Definition ofstatis ticalunit Establish ment

Reference period Calendar year

Geographic area Whole country

Sourceofdirectory (orsarople

frame)

Basedonlistsof establishmentskept bywariousMinistries andlocalorganiza tions

Methodof enumeration Dispatchof o.uebtionnairaB bytnailjcol lectionof <3ue31ionnairea byfieldvisits

Remarks

IABLE

1

(Cont'dJ

AnnexI 2 Ouuntry Haraeof inauiry DAHOMEY 1. ETHIOPIA 1.Census-of. Industrial Production GABON 1.' 2.

3.. '

GAMBIA 1. 2. GHAHA 1.Annual Industrial Statistics 2.Surveyof Employment andEarn ings 3- 4"Quarterly Industrial Statistics 5- 6.

Frequency Monthly Annual Monthly Annual Annual Annual Semi-annual Annual Annual Annual Quarterly Monthly Monthly

Scope

(in terms of ISIC) 2-3 (selected)

2-3J 511 1 251 511 511 0(1j2-3} 4i5;6i 7i8 1;2-3J 51 Allindustries 251 1|2-3} 511 122} 191} 511 201

Coverage sizeorother

criteria)

5stablishinentswith 5ormoreengaged Sevenpowerplants oftheStateoor- poration BathurstBlectrioity Supply Governmentandmajor enterprises 10ormorepersons engaged 10ormorepersons engaged 10ormorepersons 'engaged Largeestablish ments

_,■■r- Definition ofstatis ticalunit Establish ment Establish ment Enterprise Enterprise Establish ment Establish ment Establish ment

Reference period Calendar year Calendar year Calendar year Calendar year ,Month (December, March,June &September Quarter Month

Geographic area Bathurst Whole country Whole country lihole country Whole country Whole country

Souroeofdirectory (orsample

frame)

Basedonreportskept byDirectiondesMines

(for manganese

ore* monthlyreportsofLa CompagnieMiniSrede l'QgoouS) Basedonup-to-date "DirectoryofIndus trialEnterprisesand Establishments" Basedonrecordscon cerningemployees Basedon"Directoryof IndustrialEnterprises andEstablishments" compiledmainlyfrom 1962IndustrialCensus

Methodof enumeration Direct collection Direct collection *■

Remarks Basedonthedataoompiled bySooi4ttd'Eleotrioi-tt d'BauduGabon Completeenumerationof

large establishments

(30 ormoreengaged)and probabilitysampleof medium-sizedestablishments "Labourstatistics"are enumeratedwithrespectto Decembereachyear*Less- detailedreturnsofemploy ment&earningsarere quiredwithrespeotto MarchfJune&September Completeenumerationof

large establishments (30 or more engaged)

&

proba

bilitysampleofmedium- sizedunits

TABLE

1

(Cont'd) E/CH.I4/STAT/5

AnnexI Page3 Country Nameof inquiry GUINEA 1. IVORYCOAST 1. 2. 1. 2.Annual Enumerations ofEmployees &Half-employ edPersons 3. 4.Surveyof Business Expectations LIBERIA 1.Industrial Production Survey LIBYA 1.SurveyofMam faoturing Establishment! MADAGASCAR 1. MALAWI 1.CensusofIn dustrialPro- duetion

Frequency- Annual Annual Monthly Annual Annual Annual Quarterly Annual -Annual Monthly Annual

Scope

(in terms

ofISIC) 511 1i2-3 1 0}1;2-3; 4}5;6; 7i8 1 2-3;4;5; 6;7;8 1;2-3; 51 2-3 2-3?45 511 521

Coverage (size

or other criteria)

Allestablish ments Selectedestablish mentswith5ormore

employees

"by

sampling

Privateestablish mentswith5o^more engaged Largeestablishments Allestablishments

Definition ofstatis ticalunit Establish ment Establish ment Establish ment Establish ment

Reference period Employmenti asat29 June.Wages* Anniml&niiniACfrj.o& monthof June Calendar year Calendar year Forthecaleri'

Geographic area Whole country 'Ihole country ihole country rfhole daryearorcountry forfinancial yearofesta blishmentend ingatany pointbetween 30Juneofthe yearooncerned &29Juneof thenextyear

Sourceofdirectory (orsampleframe) Recordedemployees - Mainlybasedon"1961 CensusofEmployees" towhichup-to-date sourcesareadded

Methodof enumeration Fieldcanvas singby enumerators Mainlybycor respondence; fieldofficers usedtovisit firmswhich experienced difficulties incompleting returns

Remarks Basedondatacompiled byServicedesMines "IndexofManufacturing Production"ispublished annually.Manykindsof sourcessuohasbusiness reportsareusedforthe calculationofthisindex Estimatesbasedonthe previousyearreturnsare madeforfirmsemploying 20ormorepersonswho failedtosubmitareturn A-whovereknownstillto beinbusiness CensusofIndustrialPro- uction"wastakenfirst or1955 Percentageresponsei 90percent

TABLE

1

(Cont'd.)

Country Nameof inquiry MALAWI(Cont'd.) 2.Quarterly Employment Enquiry MALI 1. 2. MAURITANIA 1.Employment Survey 2. MAURITIUS 1. MOROCCO 1.Annual Economic Survey 2,Surveyof Business Trends NIGER 1. HIGERIA 1.Industrial Survey 2,Employment& Earnings. Inquiry 3.Quarterly Returnof Industrial Production

Frequenoy Quarterly Annual Monthly Annual Quarterly Quarterly Annual Semi-annual Qusrterly Annual Annual Monthly

Soope (in

terms of ISIC)

0;1;2-3; 41556; 7)

8

511 2 0;1;2-3; 4;5;6} 7;8 1 Selected products& electricity 1)2-3;

511;

512;

521

li2-3j

511 511

2-3 l;2-354; 5i6,7)8 1*511

Coverage

(size or other

criteria) Enterpriseswith 10ormore employed 450enterprises selectedfrom thosewith10or moreemployed Establishments with10ormore engaged Establishments with10ormore employees Selectedmining

products

(6)& electricity

Definition of,statis-

tioal unit

Enterprise Enterprise Establish ment Establish ment

Reference period March,June, September, December Calendar yearor season peculiar toindustry Halfofthe' calendar year Calendar year Employment on30Sapt, Payquar terly& monthof September

Geographic area Whole country Whole country Whole country Whole country

Sourceofdirectory

(or sample frame)

Listofestablishments ofServicedu'Planet deBEtudesSconomiquesj up-datedbylistkept bytaxoffice&infor mationfromMinisters de1'Industrie Scopeisdesignedto cover6*4selected itemsofproduction Directorypublished bytheMinistryof Commerce&Industry, up-datedbyFederal OfficeofStatistics

Methodof enumeration Inquiryby correspondenoe Inquiryey oorrespondenoe Initiallyby mail;atlater stage,useof field officers

Remarks Followingfoursimplified annualinquiries,acom pleteinquiryiscon ductedquinquennially Percentageresponse; 95-96percent Thissurveyseeksdata ontrendsaswellas dataonproduction& employment Characteristicsof1962 "IndustrialSurvey" Percentageresponse: 72percent Commercialestablish ments69percent

TABLE

1

(Cont'd.) E/CH.I4/STAT/5

AnnexI Page5 Uountry Hameof inquiry assjuion i...,....-. RWANDA 1. SEMEGA1. I. 2. SI££HAEKOflE 1. 2. SUDAH 1. SHA2XLAJMD 1.

■2. ' -

TAffiiAMiA,UMITEl) REPUBLICOB1 1.ismployment& earnings Inquiry TOGO 1.Burreyof Industrial itCommercial JSnterprises &JSstablisli-1 menta Z. TUHISIA 1*Industrial Surrey S.

frequency Annual- Annual Quarterly Monthly Quarterly Monthly Annual Annual Monthly Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Monthly

Soope (interms ofISIL') 2-3|511 1 511 1J2-JI 511 1 112-314i i»6ja

b

112-3 1 1 0)112-il 41Sibj 710 11D11 Ul1|2-3i 4151«>1 71o 11>" 112-3. 11

2-3t

5

Coverage (sizeorother criteria^

Definition orstatis ticalunit fistablisn- ment

fieference period 1 Month

Geographic areaSourceofdirectory (or

sample

frame)Methodof enumerationifenarks

B/CU.14/STAT/5

Axmex I 6

TABLE

1(Cont'd.) Country Nameof inquiry UGANDA 1.Surveyof Industrial Production UAR 1.Censusof Industrial Production UPPERVOLTA 1. ZAMBIA 1.Genbusof Industrial Produotion 2.Quarterly Employment Enquiry 3.Monthly inquiryfor Indexof Industrial Produotion 4.Monthly Jinquiryon Mineral Production

Prequenoy Annual Annual Monthly Annual Quarterly Monthly Monthly

Scope (interms of

ISIC)

1i2-3} 511J 521 1)2-3; 511 2-3i 511 1i2-3!4i 5 1s2-3;4;

5; 6? 7j 8

2-3 1

Coverage

(size or other

criteria)

For 1963 &

1964. establishmentswith 10ormoreemployees; for1965,establish mentswith5ormore employees Establishmentswith 10ormoreengaged Allestablishments

Definition ofstatis- tioalunit Establish- ment SBtablish- ment Establish ment

Hefereno© period Calendar yearor nearest financial year Financial yearof esohesta blishment• Calendar orfinan cialyear ofesta blishment endings-t anypoint betweea.30 Juneofyaav concerned& 29Juneof nextyear

Geographic area Whole. country

Souroeofdirectory (or.sampleframe) (a)

Records

of

Enumera

tionofEmployees.. (b)Membershiplistsof severalAssociationsof Employers. (0)PilesoftheMar ketingBoards. (d)Listskeptbythe FactoryInspectorate. Up-datingbasedon informationfromthe KiniatryofCommerce andIndustry Basedoninformation from1961Censusof Employees

Methodof enumeration ?ullinquiry bymail Bymailj fieldofficers visitedin someoases

m 1

Remarks 80percent. Estimatesweremade fornon-respondent establishments

TABLE2 DatacollectedinannualandmorefrequentindustrialinquiriesinAfricancountries

E/Cff.

14/81^/5

AnnexI Page7 Countryand scopeEmployment■Wages and. salaries

Man-days or man-hoursOutputMaterials and fuelsFiied assetsStocksValue addedHemarke ALGESIA Annual ;5Mo.,ofpersonsengaged byBex,-"nationality (Algeriansandfor-".,/

eignersj, quarterly-^

Forallcate goriesof personsen gagedexcept "proprietaire, etdlrigeants nonsalaries"

Salesvalueofproducts manufacturedbythe enterprise

Totalvalue ofpurchases ofallmate rials,elec tricity,fuels water,packing materialsand supplies

Land,build ings,equip ment,trans' portation equipment& others(new andused)

Valueof stocksof (i)

finish

edproducts, (iijsemi finished products& workin process, UiiJraw materials, etc.(at beginning andend ofyear)

1/Classification!"oadree administratives,techniques etcommerciaux";"techni— ciena";"agentsde maitrises";"employes"} "ouvriersqualifieset specialises";"man oeuvres";"apprentis"; "travailleursadomicile"; "proprietairesetdiri- geantsnonsalaries" ETHIOPIA 2-3, 51

Totalnumberof employees;Ethiopian- foreign;Numberof employees:(a)Admi nistrative,Technical andClericalstaff (b)productionworkers

(c) others} 2/ ,

Numbersofemployees*'

Wagesand salariesOrossvalueofproduc tion2J.Generating capacity,production andsales,j/

Purchaseof materials purchaseof fuel//

Valueof Fixed Capital Assets. Capital expendi ture

2/2/

netvalue ofproduo-

tion 2/ l/ Data taken from Statis

ticalAbstractI965. 2/

Data

relatetomanu facturing.

j/

DatarelatetoElectri city.

4/ Capital expenditure also

indicated. GHANA Annual Is2-3;51Ho.ofpersonsengaged duringpayperiodnear estandofyear,male, female,totalfulltime andpart—timeworkersin eachgroup;operatives, otheremployees,working proprietors(including activebusinesspartners andself-employed),un paidfamilyworkers, apprenticeorlearners andhomeworkers;Number ofAfricansandnon- Africansjaverageno. ofemployeesforeach monthineachgroup; operatives,other employeesandpaidap prentices

Wagesand salariesin cashandin kindpaid duringthe calendar yeartpaid workers, otherpaid employees, paidopera tives,home workers

1*Quantityandvalue atsalespricesofpro ductionforproductsin speciallistandmain productsoutsidelist duringyear. 20Quantityandvalue ofgoodssold,and valueofreceiptsfor repairworkdoneor sub-contractworkfor others.

1.Value& quantityof materials purchasedor received,

&

consumedfor production duringyear, 2.Value& quantityof fuelspur chasedor received,& consumedfor production duringyear. 3.Value& quantityof electricity purchased, generated4 sold.

Totalcost ofnew& usedfixed assets, alterations andown- account work:mach inery, vehicles& building

(including

land&im provements toland).

Stocksin quantity andvalue ofallma terials heldby establish ment:fini shedgoods, stocksin process&. fuelsat beginning &.endof year.

Otherdatacollected: Depreciationoffixed assetsduringyear,initial valueoffixedassets, numberofmotorvehicles ownedbyestablishments; Powerequipment: Powerofstationaryand mobileprimemoversasof endofyear,inKBorHP; powerofallelectric motorsandapparatusesof establishment,inEWorHP; "typeandquantityofprime andothermoversandelec tricalequipment; Rantandinterestpaid duringyear,numberof shiftsworked,working periodsandusualnumber ofoperativespershift.

B/0H.14/STAT/5

AnnexI Countryand scope GHANA(Cont'd) Annual AllIndustries Quarterly Is2-3i511 KENYA 1.Employment andearnings Annual Allindustries Annual 1,2-3,4,5

TABLE2(Cont'd) Employment Totalno.ofemployeeson 31December,no.ofperson whoenteredemploymentand wholeftemploymentduring December,forthefollow ingcategories;maleand female,Africanandnon- African Averagesno.ofpersons forthequarterineach group;paidworkers

(operatives); other paid

employees)workingpro prietors(including activebusinesspartners andself—employed)},un paidfamilyworkers;ap prenticesorlearnersj home—workera. Totalno.ofemployeest regularemployees, casualworkers; African,European& Asianandothers; adultmales,adult femalesandjuveniles. Also,bytribalgroups. Wumberofpersons engagedduringpay periodorcalendar weakendingnearest 3January1964; workingowners,un paidfamilyworkers; employees(admin istrative,technical andclarioal;opera tives).

Wages and salaries 1.Totalpay mentto employeesfor Decemberfor thefollow ing,categoriai Saleand female, Africanand non-African. 2.Bo.en gagedat eachdaily ormonthly rateofpay. Tstalwages andsalaries forthequar ter,same groupsas employment. Totalwages paid&annual bonuses,for samecatego riesasemploy ment. Totalsalaries andwagespaid incaahandooc oostofnon- :aahbenefits >aidtoem ployees duringcal enderyear.

Man-days mao-houri talyfor aoual orkers.

Output Onlythenamesof principalproductsmanu facturedorservices rendered,arerequired. tjuantityandvalueat salespricesofpro

duction

for

products

inspeciallistand mainproductsoutside list.Also,valueof receiptsforrepair workdoneorsub contractworkfor others,andvalueof salesoffinished goods. Quantityandvalue ifgoodssold(in- ludesgoodssold asamecondition ,spurchased)and alueofworkdone.

Valueofall materialscon sumedforpro duction,value ofallfuels consumed (exceptelec tricity)and paymentsmade forworkdone byothers. Quantityand value-of electricity generated& purchased. Quantityand valueofma terialspur chasedforuse inproduction orworkdone; totalvalue ofpurchases offuell/, packingma terials2J, workgiven outtosub-

.Value addedHemarks Stocksat salesvalue offinish edgoods; beginning ofquarter andendof quarter. Valueof stocks heldat beginning andend ofyeart rawmater ials,fini shedgoods, workin. progress.

l/ Excluding that used

intransport.

2/ Tins, bottles, wooden

boxes,crates. "CensusofIndustrial Production-196*3" Supplementaryquestion naireemployedtocollect dataconcerning"other costs"(transportcharges andallcurrentcostsnot includedelsewhere),in directtaxespaidand

TABLE2(Cont'd}

b/cs.u/stat/5

AnnexI Page9 Countryand .soope

KENYA

(Cont'd) LIBEHIA Annual i;2-3;51 LIBYA Annual 2-3

Employment tfo.ofpersonsengaged duringSelectedpayroll

psrioda

{firstdayof March,June,September andDecember)andannual averagebysex,andty statusgroup,Liberians andothers.1/ Workingproprietorsand unpaidfamilyworkers, operatives,other employees-

Wagea and salaries Paymentsin cashandin kindto(i) administra tive,tech nicaland clerical staff& (ii)workers, bysex, Libarians andothers. Wagesand salaries, operatives& otheremployes: Employers' contributions' undersocial schemesand otheremploy mentcosts, ifany.

Man-days or man-hoursOutput Quantityandvalueof goodsproducedand shipped.^/ Quantityandvalueof productsandby-producta. Valueofmanufacturing andrepairservices undertakenforothers.

Materials and fuels contractors, repairsand maintenance, consumable toolsand partsfor machinery, rentsand rates. Quantityand valueofraw materials, fuelsand packing materials consumed,by kindof items. Quantityand valueof electricity consumed.j?/ Quantityand valueof itemsofraw materials", components, ate.and fuelsand./ lubricants—' actuallyaon- sumedorused upbyesta

blishment.^/

Fixed asseta Investment infixed assets (land, buildings, machinery andequip ment,veh icles,fix turesand furniture). Costof newfixed assets itemized intobuild ingsand officecon struction, machinery andequip ment,trans portveh-iole icles,and otheritems.

StocksValue added Quantity andvalue ofstocks Valueof stocksat beginning andendof rear,item- .zedinto allproducts, >y-products, etc.jsemi— 'inished goodsin- luding" ■hosein iroduo— ionjraw materials, omponents, uels,paci ngmater— als,etc.) ternsfor esale.

Bemarks subsidiesreceived.

l/ Working proprietors and

activepartners;unpaid familyworkers;administra tive,technicalandclerical staff;otherworkers. 2/Also,paymentsfor servicesrenderedbyothers.

^/

Also,raceiptafrom servicesrenderedtoothers. \JDieseloil,petrol kerosene,otherfuels lubricants.

2/

Costof

containers

packingmaterials,water, sanitaryandothercon sumablestoresconsumed, alsosought.

TABLE

2(Cont'd)

E/CB.14/STAT/5

AnnexI Page10 Countryand scops LIBYA(Gont'd) Annual l,2-3,4,5 MALAWI Annual 2-3;4 511;521 Quarterly 0;I52-3} 4)5;6; 7;8

Employment ■■* umberofpersonsemploy- inearest31December: orfcingproprietors,un- aidfamilyworkers, administrative,tech-. icalandclericalstaff, perativea,service orkers,seasonal

orkers,^/

Lverageno.employed duringtheyear,male andfemale,Europeans andAsiansandColoureds, Africans 1.No.employedonlast paydayofmonthcon cerned,male&female, Europeans,Africans& otherraces. 2.Totalno.newly engagedduringmonth concerned,Europeans, Africansandother races.

Wages and salaries ?otalcash wagesand

salaries;^/

.ncomein cind;"em ployers' contrihu- ;ionunder

Man-days or man-hours Normalwork inghours perweek. socialachema3, etc. Earnings duringthe year:cash wagesand salaries; incomein kind Wagesand salaries during month concerned) Europeans, Africans andother races.

Output [a)Quantityandvalue, atfactorprice,of goodsproduced; kb)Receiptsforserv- icesrendered;(c) valueofgoodssold insamecondition aspurchased;receipts fordirectandin directconstructionwork done. Totalvalueofsales fromownproduction*

Materials and fuels Quantityand valueofall rawmaterials consumedfor production; valueofall fuelsconsum ed(includes waterand electricity); payments madeforwork

Fired assets Fixed assets ownedor hired (land, building machinery, andequip mentveh icles, furniture) dona"byother.ji/ Costof following itemspur chased] electricity, water,fuels, rent,repair, advertising, insurance& othercharges.

Land,land improvements andengineer ingworks, workshops, dwelling houses,mach ineryand equipment.

Stocks Valueof finished andun finished goodsat heginning andend ofyear. Valueof stocksof ownpro ducedgoods onhand.

Value addedRemarks l/Heferaonlytothose personsemployedinLibya. 2/Proprietorsandunpaid familyworkersnotincluded. j/Toincludestockadjust mentformaterialsandfuels consumed. "EeportofIndustrial Census,1964" Capacityinhorsepowerof powerequipmentorprime moversdrivinggenerators orothermachinery, electricaotorsdrivenby purchasedelectricity. Datacollectedrespecting maximumproductivecapa citywithfiledassets available,assuming: (a)Increasednumberof workinghours, (b)Increasednumberof employeesorshifts.

TABLE2(Cont'd)

B/CS.X4/STAT/5 AnaexI Page11 Countryand scope MAUHITIUS Annual—'' 1,2-3,4, 5 M

%

% ■-. MOSOCCO Annual li2-3; 5U;512; 521

Employment Totalnumberof .personaengaged:1"7 December-19'64s; workingpr&prietcrs,- uttpaid-fatallyworkers,-■ -administrative^tacli- .nie$l,--clerie1ai,. -operatives,"bysbe; ■;ejx&age.gtoup. -liit&l.number,pf„/■ igex&ona'.on-p&yroli—' :;(emfcyaing;working .jpro.prieior.sand ■^familyworkers,),on -las*:'^Thursday.»of■j 'sMarch,i*Cuiie,.j.3ep"$. ■Porpermanentemployment, ■■averages,ofPet,,H^y.j .Aug.,and'Hot..;Moroccans andforeigners._l/

Hages and aalarisa Totalwage tillfor; all■salary .andtfa^ftr' year. Wagesand salaries paidduring theyear. Moroccans&

foreignersi/

Totalamount ofvages, salaries& allowances paidand totalpay mentsto social security!■ etc.during year

■Man-days or man-hours Totalno. ofraan-dayi workedby seasonal workera. Meekly average working hoursby employee•

Output Quantityandvalueof salesofgoodaandwork donafor.othersduring revoltingyaar. Quantity&value-of itemsproducedand' sold.

Materials and fuels Valueof purchases ofmater ials,com ponents& fuel«nd,y services'" orwork doneby other firms-. Quantity &value ofelec tricity purchased, generated andsold- Quantity andvalue ofwater consumed. (purchased-) ownedor produced'),. Hawmater ials,inter mediate materials, packingma tsrials, electricity, coal,petro leumproducts, water&other fuels.

Piled assets Coatof additions^,/

to aass.ts^'

{including alterations and■imp:po-ve*- meitts chargedto capitalac count); proceedsof salesof' fixed assets; wearand tearand .othertax allowances.; writteii downvalue- atbegin ning&end ofyear. Land,build ings,mach inery,veh icles,(new andused),

Stocks Valueof. stocks ofown produced gooda, materials,j

components &

fuels, workin, progress atbegin ning& end"of year. Valueof stocksat beginning andendof year,of largere-sproducts, pairsand mainten anceand others.

rawmater ials) energy& water,

Value added intermediate products, packing materials, etc.

Bemarks

l/

5SfO

questionnaires

used: one-forlargeestablishments (lOormorepersons)and anotherforsmallestablish ments(leasthan10persons) Descriptionhereisbaaed .onquestionnaireforlarge establishments.Lessdetail askedofsmallestablish ments.Thesugarindustry wasrequestedtosubmit separatereturnsforsugar manufacture,garages,work- .shops,construction,central andadministrative.

2/ Includes

thosetemporari lyabsentfromworkthrough sickness,accident,holi dayorstrike. 2/Excludingelectricity andwater. <{/

Fixed

assetsareclassi fiedasfollows:land, residentialbuildings,non- residentialbuildings, otherconstructionand works,transportequipment, machineryandotherequip ment.Capacityofpower equipment(bytype),plant andmachineryotherthan powerequipment,inuse andinreserveatendof reportingperiod,also collected. l/Classification; "Directionetcadres superieurs"; "maitrise"; "employes"; "ouvriers"; "manoeuvres";and "apprentis".

TABLE

2(Cont'd) M0HOCC0(ConVd)

Semi-annual 1;

2-3; 511 NIGERIA Annual 2-3 Annual 1;2t3;4; 5;6;7;fi Annual 2-3

Totalno.ofpersons employedonthelast workingdayofFeb., May,Aug.andNov. Professional,administra tiveandmanagerial} clericaljoperative (skilled,unskilled)for March,June,September andDecember. No.employedon30 Septemberforthecate goriesofoccupational clasbification. Nigerian;.professional, administrative,mana gerialjclerical,operar- tives(skilled,semi skilled),operatives (unskilled). Non-Higerians;March, June,September, Decembsr. Numberofotherworkers endofDecember(work ingproprietors,unpaid apprentices,unpaid familyworkers,home workers).

Wagesand salariesin December& year;the samecate goriesas foremploy ment. Quarterly wagesand salaries paid.Cash earningin Sept.for categories. ofoccupa tional classifica tion. Wagesand

salaries during

Deo. forsome categories listedunder Nigerian& non-Higerian employees. Hon-cashpay ments,Higer- ians,non- Nigerians.

Weekly average working hoursby employee (supple mentary houra■ included

Quantityofproducts producedanddestined tobesold. Quantityproduced.and. quantityandvalue sold... Quantityproducedand quantityand.valuesold. Valueofcontractwork doneforothers; receiptsforrepairs &maintenance;value ofgoodssoldinsame conditionaspurchased.

B/dr.l4/STAT/5 AnnexI Page12 Quantity andcostof eachprin cipalma terial, otherma terials, fuels, electricity, gas&water consumed. Quantityand costofeach principal material. Minorraw materials, fuels,elec tricitypur chasedand generated.1/

■Newassets purchased &produced forownuse; oldassets

purchased; value

of. assetssold; .expenditure onfixed assets plannedfor next

year l/

Originalboo! valueof fixedassets atbeginning ofyear;new andused assetspur chased; assetspro ducedby firm; receiptfor salesof assets;ex penditureon fixedaasets plannedfor nextyear.2/

Valueof stocks heldat beginning andend ofyear; rawma terials; work-in progress; finished products.

l/ Fixed assets are classi

fiedasfollowsjvehicles, machinery,residential "building,other"building, civilengineeringworks, minedevelopmentandland. 1/Also,costofcontract workdonebyothers;re pairsandmaintananoedone byothers;costofgoods purchasedforresalewith outfurthermanufacture; othercosts.

2/

Fixedassetsareclassi fiedasfollows:vehicles, machineryandequipments, residentialbuildings, otherbuildings;civil engineeringworks;land. Capacityofpowerequip mentendofDecember) numberofunits&rated horsepowerof(a)prime moversconnectedtomach inerybutnottogenerators

(b) all electric motors,

alsocollected.

TABLE2(Cont'd)

AnnexI Page13 Countryand 3CQp6 RHODESIA Annual 1,2-3, 4,511, 521 Minimum size: morethan 5employees SOUTHAFRICA 2-3,4, 511,512,513, 854 „

Employment Averagenumberemployed duringyear,Europeans, AsiansandColoureda, Africans,maleand

female; \J

Ownersandmembersof owner'sfamilynot receivingadefinite wage;numberworking part-time,number workingfull-time. Averagenumberofpersons engagedasoflastpayday inSeptemberI960 By-race' —sex -function

Wages and salaries Totalwages &salaries, incomein kind,paid. duringyear toall personson

payroll;2j

Africans& non-Afrloans; Totalpayments forsalariesl/ includingL. -bonuses -allowances -employer's contributions topension, provident& medicalfunds. Costofpay mentsinkind -clothing -compounds ~hostels -cafeterias etc.

Man-days or man-hoursOutput Totalturnoversquantity and..valueofsalesfrom ownproduction,bytype ofproduct;salesof goodspurchasedforre sale;chargesforre pairsandservicing; chargesforworkon customer'smaterials. Salesofownmanufac turesandrevenuesin respectofworkdone.

Materials and fuels Costoffollow ingitemspur chased:mater ialsforpro duction;elec tricity,water; fuelB;goods purchasedfor resale.Pay mentsmadsfor workgivenout; paymentsfor rents,rates, royalties, hireofplant machinery& vehicles. Paymentsfor services

rendered

_^/ Chargesraised byHeadOffice. Valueofma terialsused -addingopen ingstocks- -deductionof .dosing stock. Materialsin cludes (a)

raw mater

ials,semi- processed goods,com ponentsfor production process, (b)

fuel,

lightand power. (o)

payments

forpartly manufactured goods. (d).packing materials. (e)

consum

ablestores.

Fixed assets Hewcapital expenditures andassets producedfor ownuse; proceedsof sales;wear andtear, scrapping, .etc.Land, landimprove mentsand engineering work;work shop,office andstorage buildings, dwelling houses, machinery .&equipment, vehicles. Capital expenditure -byfirm —byesta blishment for: -construc tion —equipment

Stocks ■ Valueof stocksof ownpro duced goodson handat beginning andend ofyear; including ■workin progress; stocksof goodspur chasedfor re-sale; stocksof materials andfuels. Stocksof -materials -fuel —finished products atthe beginning ofthe year&at theendof theyear

Value added Netoutput equals grossoutput lesscostof materials. (seecolumn)

Remarks

l/ Includes

all

persons

on

payroll

(also

owners

and membersofowner'sfamily ifpaiddefinitewagesor salary).

2/ Directors' fees

not included. 2J

Repair

andmaintenance ofbuildings,plantmach inery,vehicles,adverti sing,insurance,other services. "CensusofProduction1963"

Industrial Census I960/6I

-Establishmentconcerned withmotorindustry notcoveredbyCensus. -Profitsareshownona firmbasis.Profitson establishmentbasissince

1960/61.

-Generatinganddistribu tionofelectricityshown inaseparatetable. l/

Any

earningsreceivedor periodicaldrawingsmadeby workingproprietorsare ex61uded.

TABLE2(Cont'd)

/

AnnexI Page14 Countryand scope TANZAinA Annual 0}1|2-3;4; 5;6;7;8 Annual 1,2-3, 4)5 1'IIHISIA 1,2-3,4,5, 711.713, 715,716, 717

Employment 1.Totalno.ofemployees includingcasualworkers; male,femaleandyoung personsunder18years .citizensofTanzania, foreigncitizens. 2.Ho.ofemployeesfor categoriesofoccupa tion. Numberofpersons engagedpermanently: 0—4parsons 5-9" 10-50" +50" Huraberofseasonally engagedpersonsnow permanentlyengaged. Permanentlyengaged persons:Directors, seniorstaffand engineers,administra tiveemployees,shop stewards,skilled workers,unskilled workers,apprentices.

Wages and salaries 1.Allcash earningsof employees adultmale, femaleand youngpersons. 2.Ho.of employeesfor eachclassof earnings. Totalcash payments& paymentsin iind,Afri cans,Euro-. peans,Asians &others. Wagesand salaries& charges —gross salaries -charges

Han-days or man-hoursOutput Totalquantityandvalue ofproductionworkdone: totalsales,quantity& valueatsellingprice; quantityandvalueof directsalestocustomers outsideEastAfrica; workdoneforotherson commissionbasis. Totalproduction -invalue -inquantity -

Materials and fuels Totalcost ofmater ialscoasura- adinproduc tionprocess; costof: fuels,water» consumable. toolsand partsfor machinery, workgiven out,rents androyalties, othercosts. Totalvalue ofpurchase -byprimary materials1/ -electricity andfuel -packing materials -transport

Fixed assets TTatvalue ofcapital assetsac quireddur ingyear: residential buildings, non- residential buildings othercon struction andworks, transport equipment, machinery& otherequip ment. Totalex- penditures duringyear. -buildings -fixedor mobile equipment newor used -altera tionsand majorre pairs.

Stocks Valueof stocksof finished &semi- :finished goodsor workin progress, heldat ■beginning andand ofyear. Total 'stocks atend of.year: rawma terials, semi finished products,

Value added Value added **

Remarks "CensusofIndustrial ProductioninTanganyika, 1961". Otherdatacollected:

bJ number

of

working hours

perweek.

j»/ Proportion of full

productioncapacity

utilized, by product

(or typeofworkdone)• c/Ifestablishmentdidnot_zj operateatfullcapacity, reasonwhy.

l/ For

some

industries.

TABLE

2(Cont'd.)

/ AnnexI Page15 Countryand scope UGAHDA Annual 1)2-3; 511;521 Annual 1,2-3, 5

Employment Totalno.ofparsons engagedonthelastwork ingdayofMarch,June, SeptemberandDecember. No.ofpersonsengaged workingproprietors (includingunpaidfamily workers),operatives, otnerworkers. ftotalnumberofpersona employedincludingwork ingproprietorshome workersandunpaid familyworkersonlast workingdayofMarch, June,September,Dec.; numberandnationality

(African,

other)of

persona employed l/on

lastworkingdayof December.

Mages and salaries Totalwage billforall salaryand wage—earners duringyear. Valueof totalwage billforall salaryand wage—earners duringyear; valueof paymentsin kind.

Man-days or man-hours Datarelate towholeyear forevery personengag■ ed"byesta blishment. Humbsrof working hoursdur ingthe year.

Output (a)Quantityandvalue ofeachproductsold* (b)

Value

of

goods

soldinsamecondition aspurchased. (c)Receiptsfromwork doneorservicesren deredoncommission basis. Valueandquantityof

production

(orsales) ofdifferentproducts orservices;workdone orservicesrendered oncommission"basis; goodssoldinsame conditionaspur

chased.^/

Valueofsalesaccord ingtobuyingcountry, Africanandother.

Materials and fuels (a)Value,and quantityof eachimportant material(as manyaspossi ble) (b)

Value of

rawmaterials- (c)Quantity and.valueof electricity purchased,1/ Quantityand costsoffuels waterandma- terialssj?/ costofs consumable tools&parts formachinery; goodssoldin samecondition aspurchased;

other costs;j/

othercurrent costs;costs ofservices

received;^/

paymentsfor deliveryof products.

Fixed assets Newand usedassets acquired bytype. Capitalex penditure foraddi

tions (pur

chasedor produced) andre placements; receipts forsales ofold assets._5/

Stocks Rawmater ials,fuels finished goods,etc. Valueof stocksat "beginning andendof year:work inprogress: finished goods;raw materials, fuels, water, packing materials, etc.;items forre—sale,

Value addedRemarks

l/ Cost

of

contract

and commissionworkdoneby others,costofrepair andmaintenanceprovided byothers,rents,etc. areseparatelyenumerated. "SurveyofIndustrial Production1963" Dataoncapacitycollected asfollows! (a)Humberofworkinghour3 perweek; (b)Humberofpermanent employeesengagedorwho leftemployduringyear; (c)Assumingincreased productionwithexisting capacityofbuildingsand machinerypossible,per centageofpossible increaseandnumberof additionalworkersrequired; (d)Ifenlargedproduction capacityplanned,estimated percentageofenlargement, andtypeofproductor serviceinvolved; (e)Ifnewproductions planned,detailsregarding type,sizeandtimeof newactivities;estimated amountofcapitalexpendi ture.■

l/ Working proprietors)

unpaidfamilyworkers, operatives,clericaladmi nistrative,etc..•.

2/ Includes packing

materials. j/Officematerials,post ages,insuranceetc.... qJ

Contract

and

commission

work,repairsandmainten ance,rentsandroyalties^ 2/

Fixed assets

are

classi

fiedasfollows! residentialandnon-residen tialbuildings(without land);otherconstructions andworks;transportenuip- ment;machineryandother

equipment.(includes furni

tureandfittings).

TABLE

2

(Cont'd) V4 Annex

I Page16 Countryand scop© UGANDA(ConVd) ZAMBIA Annual I;2-3;4s5

Employment L.Averageno.employed duringyear;males;fe males;Europeans,Asians andColoureds;Africans, 2.Ownersandmembers ofowner'sfamilynot receivingdefinitewages; numberworkingpart-time-

Wages and salaries Cashwages &salaries; incomein kind}Euro peans,Asians &Coloursdsj Africans.

Man—days or man-hoursOutput Totalturnover;sales fromownproduction, bytypeofproducts. Chargesmadeforre pairsandservicing; chargesmadefor workoncustomers' materials. Salesofgoodsnot madeonpremises* - ■

Materials and fuels Costof water, electricity fuels,ma terials purchased forpro duction) payments madefor rents, rates, royalties; hirechar gesand chargefor servioes rendered.

Fixed assets. Hewcapital expenditurei land,civil engineering .workshop "building, dwelling house,mach inery,veh icles.

Stocks Valueof stocksof ownpro duced goods, materials andfuels onhand.

Value added *

Remarks

6/ Ex-factory prices.

InstalledcapacityinkVA alsocollected.