Rating of Three Cement-Base Surface Waterproofers Compared with Portland Cement Paste

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RATING OF THREE CEMENT -BASE SURFACE WATERPROOFERS COMPARED W I T H PORTLAND CEMENT PASTE

b y EoWo Neumann and

E.G.

Swenson

Re s e a r c h Report N O *

35

of t h e D i v i s i o n of B u i l d i n g Research

-

! i

I

-

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL

CANADA

I

+&F:,o !.:.;::3

( P r e p a r e d f o r C e n t r a l Mortgage and Housing c o r p o r a t i o n )

N O T FOR PUBLICATION

i

Ottawa

I

June 1954

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R a t i n g o f T h r e e Cement-base S u r f a c e W a t e r p r o o f e r s Compared w i t h P o r t l a n d Cement P a s t e

by E.W.- Wamann and E,G. Swenaon

T h i s r e p o r t may b e c o n s i d e r e d a s a s u p ~ l e m e n t t o DBR R e p o r t

R - 1 9

" T e s t i n g S u r f a c e W a t e r p r o o f e r s f o r c o n c r e t e " . The method o f t e s t u s e d t o r a t e t h e t h r e e m a t e r i a l s d e s c r i b e d i n t h i s p r e s e n t r e p o r t i s t h e same a s t h a t g i v e n i n t h e a b o v e - m e n t i o n e d p u b l i c a t i o n . T h r e e p r o p r i e t a r y m a t e r i a l s were r a t e d . Two o f t h e s e , d e s i g n a t e d

"F"

_{a n d} _"G1' _{r e s p e c t i v e l y , were s u b m i t t e d t o t h e} D i v i s i o n o f B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h b y C e n t r a l Mortgage a n d Housing C o r p o r a t i o n . The t h i r d m a t e r i a l , "H", was i n c l u d e d i n t h i s t e s t s e r i e s f o r c o m p a r a t i v e p u r p o s e s f o r D i v i s i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n , 2 . S a m p l e s F

-

i s d e s c r i b e d a s a d e c o r a t i v e and w a t e r p r o o f i n g m a t e r i a l . I t i s mixed w i t h w a t e r a n d a p p l i e d b y s p e c i a l s p r a y e q u i p m e n t t o -..- p r e v i o u s l y w e t t e d masonry o r c o n c r e t e . One i n g r e d i e n t i s a s a n d w h i c h i s c o n s i d e r a b l y c o a r s e r t h a n t h e c e m e n t i t i o u s m a t e r i a l . The c o a t i n g i s m o i s t - c u r e d f o r a b o u t two d a y s . G

-

i s l a b e l l e d a s a .new c o p p e r m e t a l l i c s e a l e r w h i c h

stops dampness a n d i s recommended by t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r f o r o u t - s i d e a s w e l l a s i n s i d e a p p l i c a t i o n . I t i s mixed w i t h w a t e r t o a c r e a m c o n s i s t e n c y a n d a p p l i e d w i t h a s t i f f - b r i s t l e d b r u s h t o a t h o r o u g h l y w e t t e d w a l l . I t i s worked i n t o t h e p o r e s w i t h t h e b r u s h . About s i x h o u r s a f t e r a p ~ l i c a t j o n , m o i s t - c u r i n g i s begun a n d c o n t i n u e d f o r t h r e e t o f o u r d a y s . Two c o a t s a r e recommended. H

-

i s l a b e l l e d a s p o s s e s s i n g p o s i t i v e s e a l i n g q u a l i t i e s and i s c l a i m e d t o be e f f e c t i v e i n s i d e o r o u t s i d e , a n d a b o v e o r below g r a d e . I t s p r e p a r a t i o n , a p p l i c a t i o n , a n d c u r i n g a r e essentially t h e same a s f o r G e x c e p t t h a t i t i s n o t t o be s c r u b b e d o n .

3 .

P r o c e d u r e The method u s e d f o r r a t i n g t h e s e m a t e r i a l s i s d e s c r i b e d i n d e t a i 1 i n DBR R e p o r t

R - 1 9 .

I t i s e m p h a s i z e d t h a t t h i s method d o e s n o t d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r a m a t e r i a l w i l l w a t e r p r o o f a w a l l ; i t i s i n t e n d e d t o compare t h e w a t e r p r o o f i n g e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f a p r o -

-

p r i e t a r y m a t e r i a l w i t h p o r t l a n d cement p a s t e b r u s h e d o n a w e t t e d wa 11.

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Product F was a p p l i e d t o t h e t e s t c e l l s by M. Maurice Vachon of Montreal who i s a n a c c r e d i t e d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e manuf'acturer. He used h i s own mixing and s p r a y i n g equipment f o r t h i s job.

M. Vachon a p p l i e d h i s m a t e r i a l t o f o u r dry c e l l s and, a t t h e a u t h o r s ' s u g g e s t i o n , t o a p r e v i o u s l y w e t t e d c e l l . He a l s o sprayed p o r t l a n d cement p a s t e t o f o u r d r y c e l l s and one p r e v i o u s l y wetted c e l l f o r c o n p a r i s o n , a l t h o u g h t h i s method of a p p l y i n g p o r t l a n d cement p a s t e i s v e r y u n s a t i s f a c t o r y because t h e c o a t i n g s a r e much t o o t h i c k and t e n d t o c r a c k on d r y i n g .

P m d u c t s G and H were e a c h a p p l i e d i n two c o a t s as

recommended by t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r s .

Flows were measured up t o e i g h t days and r a t i n g s c a l c u l a t e d f o r t h e f o u r t h day and t h e e i g h t h . . d a y .

The c e l l s c o a t e d w i t h p r o d u c t s A , B, C , lime-cement, and p o r t l a n d cement p a s t e and t e s t e d f i f t e e n months ago, aa r e p o r t e d i n DBR R e p o r t R-19, were r e - t e s t e d . These c e l l s had b e e n s t o r e d under c o m p a r a t i v e l y d r y c o n d i t i o n s d u r i n g t h i s

i n t e r v a l , ,.-"..

4.

R e e u l t s

The comparative e f f i c i e n c y r a t i n g s shown i n F i g s . 1,

2 and

3

were o b t a i n e d by t a k i n g t h e r e c i p r o c a l of t h e measured flow i n m i l l i l i t r e s p e r

15

m i n u t e s . These were t a k e n a t t h e f o u r t h day and a t t h e e i g h t h day. The v a l u e f o r t h e r e f e r e n c e m a t e r i a l , p o r t l a n d cement p a s t e , i s a r b i t r a r i l y t a k e n a s 1.00,

t h e v a l u e s f o r t h e o t h e r m a t e r i a l s having been c a c l c u l a t e d on t h i s b a s i s .

The comparative r a t i n g s of m a t e r i a l s

F,

G, H and

p o r t l a n d cement p a s t e a r e shown i n F i g . 1 from f l o w d a t a f o r t h e f o u r t h day, and i n Fig. 2 f r o m d a t a f o r t h e e i g h t h d a y ,

The v a l u e s f o r m a t e r i a l P i n F i g s . 1 and 2 a r e baaed on t h e s i n g l e sample which was w e t t e d b e f o r e t h e c o a t i n g wa8 a p p l i e d . O f t h e f o u r c e l l s which were n o t p r e - w e t t e d , two were d i s c a r d e d because of e x c e s s i v e flow due p r o b a b l y t o non-uniform a p p l i c a t i o n . The r e m a i n i n g two gave f l o w s much h i g h e r t h a n t h e s i n g l e v a l u e r e p o r t e d , t h e e f f i c i e n c y r a t i n g s a t t h e e i g h t h day b e i n g 0.27 and 0.36 a s compared w i t h

0.73

f o r t h e p r e - w e t t e d

sample.

The v a l u e s f o r p o r t l a n d c e m n t p a s t e shown i n F i g s . 1

and 2 a r e based on a s i n g l e sample w i t h two coat^, b r u s h - a p p l i e d , on a p r e - w e t t e d c e l l . Two a d d i t i o n a l c e l l s were t r e a t e d i n

, , c-,.

e x a c t l y t h e same manner and t e s t e d , b u t were n o t i n c l u d e d b e c a u s e t h e c o a t i n g s were a p p l i e d e i g h t d a y s l a t e r and were t h e r e f o r e n o t c o n s i d e r e d a s being i n t h e same s e r i e s . These two s a n p l e s , however, gave lower f l o w s t h a n t h e s i n g l e sample used i n F i g s . 1 and 2.

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The samples sprayed w i t h p o r t l a n d cement p a s t e were n o t used i n r a t i n g because t h i s method of a p p l i c a t i o n i s n o t p r a c t i c a l , The r e s u l t s were approximately t h e same a s t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g r e s u l t s w i t h m a t e r i a l F. The p r e - w e t t e d sample sprayed w i t h p o r t l a n d cement p a s t e gave a r a t i n g of

0.89

a s compared w i t h 0.73 f o r m a t e r i a l F, t a k e n on t h e e i g h t h day.

During the a p p l i c a t i o n of m a t e r i a l F by s p r a y , i t was observed t h a t s e g r e g a t i o n of t h e sand c o n s t i t u e n t o c c u r r e d i n t h e s l u r r y which was c a r r i e d by p a i l from t h e mixer and poured i n s e v e r a l s u c c e s s i v e p o r t i o n s i n t o t h e s p r a y hopper. Thia s e t t l i n g of t h e sand c o n s t i t u e n t was confirmed by thoroughly

mixing a sample w i t h w a t e r i n a Hobart mixer and a l l o w i n g t h e s l u r r y t o s t a n d , S e g r e g a t i o n o c c u r r e d immediately.

Sieve s e p a r a t i o n of a sample of t h e o r i g i n a l dry m a t e r i a l

F

i n d i c a t e d t h a t a t l e a s t

65

p e r c e n t by weight i s

sand. About 65 _{p e r c e n t of t h e sand c o n s t i t u e n t f a l l s i n t h e}

30-50 s i e v e range, and about

35

p e r c e n t i n t h e 16-30 s i e v e range.

A f t e r m a t e r i a l F had been sprayed on t h e t e s t c e l l s ,

it was observed t h a t a c o n s i d e r a b l e q u a n t i t y of m a t e r i a l had

rebounded o f f t h e c e l l w a l l s o n t o t h e f l o o r , and t h a t t h i s c o n s i s t e d a l m o s t e n t i r e l y of the sand component. T h i s i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e

c o a t i n g may v a r y o o n s i d e r a b l y i n composition depending on

the

t e c h n i q u e of t h e o p e r a t o r ,

I t was a l s o ~ b s e r v e d t h a t t h e t h i c k n e s s of c o a t i n g

F

was c o n s i d e r a b l y g r e a t e r and l e s s uniform t h a n t h e two c o a t a o f b r u s h - a p p l i e d p o r t l a n d cement p a s t e o r m a t e r i a l s G and H,

S u r f a c e c r a c k i n g o c c u r r e d a l s o , probably due t o s h r i n k a g e , even b e f o r e c u r i n g could be s t a r t e d . T h i s o c c u r r e d t o an even g r e a t e r e x t e n t f o r t h e s p r a y e d c o a t i n g of p o r t l a n d cement p a s t e . T h i s

s u r f a c e c r a c k i n g was c o n s i d e r a b l y l e s s f o r c o a t i n g s a p p l i e d t o a p r e - w e t t e d c o n c r e t e s u r f ace,

The v a l u e s ghown f o r m a t e r i a l s G and H i n F i g s . 1 and 2

a r e , i n e a c h c a s e , averages of two samples t e s t e d i n t h e same s e r i e s . Good r e p r o d u c i b i l i t y was o b t a i n e d ,

Comparative e f f i c i e n c y r a t i n g s f o r t h e m a t e r i a l s a p p l i e d f i f t e e n months ago and s t o r e d d r y , a r e shown i n F i g .

3

w i t h t h e f o u r day v a l u e s t a k e n from DBR R e p o r t R-19, b u t w i t h a l l e f f i c i e n c y r a t i n g s r e c a l c u l a t e d t o g i v e R value of 1.00 f o r t h e r e f e r e n c e m a t e r i a l , p o r t l a n d cement p a s t e .

5.

Remarks

In

i n t e r p r e t i n g t h e r e s u l t s , i t must be k e p t i n mind

-

t h a t t h i s method does n o t d e t e r n i n e i f a g i v e n m a t e r i e l w i l l o r w i l l n o t waterproof a c o n c r e t e o r a masonry w a l l . I t i s p r o b a b l e t h a t a l l t h e cement-base p r o p r i e t a r y m a t e r i a l s a r e r e a s o n a b l y e f f e c t i v e i f water-seepage c o n d i t i o n s a r e moderate. The method used was d e v i s e d t o r a t e t h e s e p r a p r i e t a r y m a t e r i a l s a g a i n s t

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b r u s h - a p p l i e d c o a t i n g s of p o r t l a n d cement p a s t e , k e e p i n g i n m i n d t h e r e l a t i v e c o s t of t h e m a t e r i a l s . Under t h e c o n d i t i o n s of t e s t , m a t e r i a l F gave a r a t i n g a p p r o a c h i n g t h a t of p o r t l a n d cement p a s t e , w i t h t h e f o l l o w i n g r e s e r v a t i o n s : ( 8 ) t h e s e g r e g a t l ~ n the s a n d i n t h e s l u r r y , and t h e

c o n s i d e r a b l e l o s s of the s a n d component t h r o u g h rebound,

makes i t h i g h l y p r o b a b l e t r l e t ~ t h e a o r r l y ~ g i t i o n of t h e

c o a t i n g w i l l n o t b e uniform.

( b ) i t

i s

q u e s t i o n a b l e if t h e c o a t i n g s a p p l i e d on a f l e l d

job would be a s heavy a s t h o s e a p p l i e d t o t h e t e g t c e l l s . ( c ) t h e t e s t s d e m o n s t r a t e d t h e g r e a t i m p o r t a n c e o f t h o r o u g h

w e t t i n g o f t h e s u r f ace b e f o r e a p p l y i n g t h i s m a t e y i a l . The r e - t e s t r e s u l t s on m a t e r i a l s A , B, C , cement-lime p a s t e , and p o r t l a n d cement p a s t e , a f t e r more t h a n a y e a r of

l a b o r a t o r y e x p o s u r e

,

i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e p r o p r i e t a r y m a t e r i a l s p o s s e s s no advantage o v e r p o r t l a n d cement p a s t e when r a t e d by t h i s method.

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