HAL Id: hal-00508471
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00508471
Submitted on 4 Aug 2010
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Morpho-syntactic post-processing of N-best lists for improved French automatic speech recognition
Stéphane Huet, Guillaume Gravier, Pascale Sébillot
To cite this version:
Stéphane Huet, Guillaume Gravier, Pascale Sébillot. Morpho-syntactic post-processing of N-best lists
for improved French automatic speech recognition. Computer Speech and Language, Elsevier, 2010,
24 (4), pp.663-684. �10.1016/j.csl.2009.10.001�. �hal-00508471�
Accepted Manuscript
Morpho-syntactic post-processing of N-best lists for improved French automatic speech recognition
Stéphane Huet, Guillaume Gravier, Pascale Sébillot
PII: S0885-2308(09)00070-9
DOI: 10.1016/j.csl.2009.10.001
Reference: YCSLA 434
To appear in: Computer Speech and Language Received Date: 9 July 2008
Revised Date: 14 August 2009 Accepted Date: 22 October 2009
Please cite this article as: Huet, S., Gravier, G., Sébillot, P., Morpho-syntactic post-processing of N-best lists for improved French automatic speech recognition, Computer Speech and Language (2009), doi: 10.1016/j.csl.
2009.10.001
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