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Attentional capture by reward-distractors under perceptual load

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HAL Id: hal-01839394

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Submitted on 14 Jul 2018

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Attentional capture by reward-distractors under perceptual load

Jérémy Matias, Jean-Charles Quinton, Michèle Colomb, Marie Izaute, Laetitia Silvert

To cite this version:

Jérémy Matias, Jean-Charles Quinton, Michèle Colomb, Marie Izaute, Laetitia Silvert. Attentional capture by reward-distractors under perceptual load. Consortium of European Research on Emotion, Apr 2018, Glasgow, United Kingdom. �hal-01839394�

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Relevant item Distractor ATTENTIONAL RESOURCES Relevant item Distractor ATTENTIONAL RESOURCES

Attentional capture by reward-distractors under perceptual load

This work has been sponsored by the French government research program "Investissements d'Avenir" through the IMobS3 Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-16-01) and the RobotEx Equipment of Excellence (ANR-10-EQPX-44), by the European Union through the Regional Competitiveness and Employment program -2014-2020- (ERDF – AURA region) and by the AURA région.

1

MATIAS J.,

2

QUINTON J.-C.,

3

COLOMB M.,

1

IZAUTE M.,

1

SILVERT L.

1 Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France 2 Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LJK, F-38000, Grenoble, France

3 CEREMA, Département Laboratoire de Clermont-Ferrand F-63017, Clermont-Ferrand, France

jeremy.matias@uca.fr

INTRODUCTION

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

Value-Driven Attentional Capture

(Anderson, 2013)

 Recent research revealed that visual distractors associated with or signaling reward outcomes capture attention in spite of being

neither salient nor relevant for the ongoing task.

 If attentional capture by reward distractors is automatic, therefore, interference by reward distractors should be immune to perceptual load manipulations.

 In situation of low perceptual load spare capacities from relevant processing “spills over” to the irrelevant items, resulting in distractor interference.

 Attentional capture by irrelevant distractors can be prevented in situations of high perceptual load that exhaust all available capacities in the perception of relevant stimuli.

Perceptual Load Theory

(Lavie, 2010)

Perceptual Load and Reward ?

Load manipulation:

Feature vs. Conjunction search

(Chen & Cave 2016)

H

S

Cue

Target

(H or S)

Distractor

(H or S)

high-reward

(+10 pts)

low-reward

(+1 pt)

for a fast and accurate

response

Go Nogo

Low

Load

VD: Compatibility Effect = RT incompatible (different)

– RT compatible (same) distractor letter

The color of the

distractor signaled

Go Nogo

High

Load

In an adaptation of a go/nogo task, participants had to identify the target letter (H or S) depending on the cue displayed, while ignoring the presence of a distractor color letter that could be either identical to (compatible) or different from (incompatible) the target.

METHOD

Compatibility Effect: Reward (Low; High) x Load (Low-load; High-load)Reward: F(1, 29) = 1.23, p = .28

Load: F(1, 29) = 5.09, p < .05

Errors: Reward (2) x Load (2) • Reward p < .01

Load p < .001 confirming load manipulation  Reward x Load p < .05 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 Compatibility Effect (ms) Low-load High-load High-reward Low-reward

**

ns

** p < .01

 High perceptual load reduces low but not high-reward peripheral distractor interference.

 High-reward distractor interference was observed despite low level of free residual attentional resources (i.e., high perceptual load )

 At odds with what is observed for fearful faces distractors.

 Valence effect (with reward as positive events and fearful faces as negative events) might explain those discrepant results.

 However, the persistence of the interference effect for high reward distractors may be due to the ability of those stimuli to capture attention, but also to

hold attention once it has been captured, or both.

High perceptual load only

eliminated low-reward distractor interference whereas high-reward distractor interference seems « immune » to load manipulation.

Automatic

attentional capture ?

- Anderson, B. A. (2013). A value-driven mechanism of attentional selection. Journal of Vision, 13, 1–16.

- Chen, Z., & Cave, K. R. (2016). Zooming in on the cause of the perceptual load effect in the go/no-go paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology.

Human Perception and Performance, 42(8), 1072–1087.

- Gupta, R., Hur, Y.-J., & Lavie, N. (2016). Distracted by Pleasure: Effects of Positive Versus Negative Valence on Emotional Capture Under Load.

Emotion, 16(3), 328–337.

- Lavie, N. (2010). Attention, Distraction, and Cognitive Control Under Load. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(3), 143–148.

Perceptual Load and Emotion

(e.g., Silvert et al., 2007)

- Silvert, L., Lepsien, J., Fragopanagos, N., Goolsby, B., Kiss, M., Taylor, J. G., … Nobre, A. C. (2007). Influence of attentional demands on the processing of emotional facial expressions in the amygdala. NeuroImage, 38(2), 357–366.

- Srivastava, P., & Srinivasan, N. (2010). Time course of visual attention with emotional faces. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 72, 369– 377.

 Reward x Load: F(1, 29) = 4.37, p < .05

Interference by centrally presented distractor of negative but not

positive valence is reduced under high perceptual load (Gupta et al., 2016).

• Growing body of studies demonstrating an advantage for positive over

negative emotional information in attracting and capturing attention

(e.g., Srivastava & Srinivasan, 2010).

EEG study in progress…

 Distraction by irrelevant fearful faces is reduced under high load.

 Processing of irrelevant negative emotional stimuli depends on available attentional resources.

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