النظرية الاجتماعية بين التيار المحافظ والتيار الثوري

Texte intégral

(1) 2009‫ א‬8 ‫ א

(2) אא‬. 243 .

(3)

(4)

(5) . . /. ‫אא

(6) א א"! א א‬ . !. * '3*!$4-.-/!01*2‫!*א א‬+,‫א‬#$%&'( ) ?: ; <; ?W‫אא‬7(3*!%‫א‬6!‫!א*א‬%5) ‫א‬6!‫א‬ .C‫? א‬: ; ?@ &AB،?=>: ??* ;#0? 5DE; ‫;א‬F‫א‬#G‫!א‬G0 (H;I‫ א‬J0!KL‫א‬#G‫!א‬ 5M‫!;( ';)אא‬-N&, O P0 ,Q#C 0R )07،;L‫א‬ ?* ;? 0، &I‫א‬G!STU&:)0V!4&WM‫א‬:4 ' ‫א‬ #$%‫;א‬X 0Y!*I‫א‬5Z‫!א‬O0[X\0!‫]א‬Q‫א‬6 > ، !a‫א‬I‫א?א‬Tc‫?א‬3^_ G` a 4 ^bM!4‫א‬ ، (T 4& ‫ @א‬M.‫(;א)א‬g ‫א‬S,Wdbef> ، ‫א‬h 2‫א‬h ;(!4‫א‬60?* ;:$7?=>?Y!* , S,g ‫א‬Wdbe0^،‫;א&^אא‬i5Z‫א‬#$%*j‫>א‬ KSe ^>‫(א‬0>^1‫א‬#*f&6

(7) ‫א‬#>)‫;א‬ 3?= >: ??* ;?3?: ; ?lm!4‫א‬60B ^ 03 $*‫;א!א‬1‫א _א‬7 !*S!$>6 <L‫א‬60(Y!n0 q 42‫א א‬p) ‫ (> (א‬3*TnL‫א‬l,-‫א‬o.\‫א‬ K5Z‫א‬T* M7 Abstract The three most famous thinkers have contributed in the formation of the social theory by the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century are as follows : "Karl Marx" , "Emil Dorkheim" and "Max weeber" ; so Marx's writings is considerd as a kind of criticism and analysis to the first steps of capitalism , that's seen as one among the historical progress steps to the European society . Therfor , it containes limited types , that could be influenced in the drawing of the social reality and at the same time it produces its ‫

(8) ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬.

(9) 2009‫ א‬8 ‫ א

(10) אא‬. 244. changement basis for the following step . But "Durkheim" was clearer in his thoughts specially for the society fields , because he observes that it's a way for the constitution of the person and building , regarding to his concepts about the "Common Conscience" as known especially when that influences the way people behave . From there , the task of "Sociology" become a sort of study of social relations and its interpretation , but "weeber" has different thougths on , he thinks that the person is the social life support , who he shapes the society through his conscion volition and that's why the task of sociology becomes the study of the person's action , definition of his factors and interpretation of his aims and needs. But , the difference between "Marx" on one hand and "Durkheim" and "weeber" on the other hand ; that the first one concentrates his mind on the revolutionary radical side through his scientific works , opposite the two others who have as aim to improve the social link and keeping after the society values and criterions .. "!#$!. rG bdh;!Q( ;‫א‬rdb‫ @א‬3*!+,‫א‬W u! dv*7G ‫א‬s>! ^‫_א‬t (03#‫א‬6BK ‫א‬ L‫א‬e;#1x*!+ 6^ BAB،^:)f w!‫א‬Q;L‫א‬3rG b‫א‬ y>: (0! , 0'*!+,‫(א‬03$&ABKR )0L.> #$h;!Q‫ `א"!>א‬,b FP#1x*!+,‫א‬6L# (;F 4, ABK{F"‫אא‬#d‫ !א‬4‫א‬m.F ;!c‫א‬z!%‫ א‬B، ,& +G. ،!+ Y 7}~0‫א‬ABB*603$|‫אא‬60` ‫א‬Y!* ‫!* @א‬+,‫ א‬e60pA،o; ‫!&!א‬W ‫א"!>א‬60 K( 4"‫ @א‬Q!4‫א‬3 >$d& PB & +,& &‫;א‬X& / ,"‫!*א‬+,‫א ;א@א‬3*‫ א‬X& ‫!*א‬+,‫א‬W‫א‬2‫א‬ T$4‫א‬3QW I‫ @א;א) @א‬a ,‫א‬cn'‫א‬j(، , > 4X ‫א;א) @א" א‬db‫ `א‬,-0e \ ‫א‬ K;1‫א ;א >א ;א‬W@‫א ;א‬Sj(/!0e n4Xg ‫א‬ *!+,‫'א‬WQ nI‫) 'א;א) @אא‬06‫א‬j‫א‬6‫א ;א‬6‫א‬j( *!+,‫ ;א‬X 0^,=<L‫א‬M"‫א‬،6 Q; 6 4M ,_&!& ‫א‬ 6B،r*2‫א‬$).$‫^א‬% ; "‫!א ;א‬n ‫א‬4q‫א‬w ,b‫א‬ *!+,‫א‬gQ[X\ $aB^,,*6‫א ;א‬6‫א‬j(^-j‫{א‬A D‫א‬ W ‫ 'א‬e3$|@ ‫א‬3!OC &‫א‬A ‫א‬ ‫


(12) 245. 2009‫ א‬8 ‫ א

(13) אא‬. ; ‫א‬,7 ‫ @א‬M.‫א(!א‬+ ,)‫ ';א‬,4 ‫אא‬AB1 ; ‫א‬D," , ‫א‬3 X 603$|I‫א‬w 2‫א‬5c 3*f>> ‫א‬ ‫ @؟‬,)‫א‬sKB ,e*603$|I‫;א‬1‫א‬ 'w KBl*!F‫א‬.$ ,e&‫א‬AB#4 60. ‫א‬A 2 ‫>^؟‬$d"‫!>^א‬qS * cM ‫א‬# 4‫!* @א‬3%$‫א‬ ^ 00l*!F‫א‬YGijnL‫א א‬R;‫אא‬rG b3$|7 3 ‫ ؟‬$jn!Fc ,"‫!*א‬O3&f"‫א‬w 2‫א‬DY!nL‫א‬o‫!א‬OL‫א‬g ,MB* 4 ‫!؟‬n ‫א‬3me0.1,‫אא‬j(60!q‫א‬AB،!n ‫א‬6‫א‬j( !+,*I‫ אא _א‬$"‫א‬h!+,‫)(א‬L‫א‬Sj(7

(14) ‫ 'א‬2‫א‬6B h="‫א‬2‫א‬KB{!ML‫א‬w ,‫ ;א‬n‫{'א‬eL‫*!א( א‬I‫א‬g ‫ א‬ -3،

(15) ‫א א‬5>‫ @א א‬M.‫א‬l# 4‫ @א‬4 3 3$x@ F"‫ א‬$@ 4e‫!*א א‬+,‫ א‬e7h;‫א‬

(16) ‫ @א‬M.‫א‬T)'$d"‫א‬l ‫אא‬% 3 ‫א‬R;‫אא‬ K ‫א(!א‬+‫א‬/!{ b)Lh! 4 #bM،,‫אא‬j(!e ,3Q)L‫א‬Sj(3

(17) ‫'א‬5)‫א‬3$| KgQ"‫אא‬j(' "‫ @א‬dFX"‫ (א‬4 G!a 603$|pA W( 4"‫*א‬C1 @ Q‫ @א>א‬4*!‫ @א‬dFX"‫א‬3(WTheory*!+,‫א‬0 opA)‫א;א‬#h!( ++,*;!&I‫א‬sb‫ א‬cbM. rG be 1b , sb‫*=( א‬، (!( +Nb,‫ א‬Q! ^] &r، (=)I‫א‬m!F‫א‬p "‫ ;א‬n‫^'א‬,7,# B 1 = & ) )0 >،E F *I‫א@א‬L‫&=;א‬hT1$‫ @א‬+G."‫א‬+, Q!h 6$&,h!( qG4 !%T 4‫א‬3g 7 3<jb*j‫ אא‬w‫א‬0lF,"‫א‬p) ‫א‬60B،fF‫א{א‬X j‫`א‬%‫א"א א‬b*!D‫א‬w ,‫א‬33$ !b L G!a#0 & ,de*!+,‫&אא‬،!1 f>!1 0‫ א‬f& F**!+,‫*א‬ 2 KE F Me*Tb

(18) ‫א;) @א‬0{; D‫א‬Wb1&-,!(‫א‬q6f%@‫א‬Nb,& 05Z M.^ &*!+,4e(WSocialist ‫{ א‬ UbX‫ א‬I‫@א‬. 4‫א(!א‬+ M.^ "m!F&*!+,‫א‬Sj(60 KbF‫ א‬M. I‫א‬W ‫א‬ ‫


(20) ‫‪246‬‬. ‫ א

(21) אא ‪ 8‬א‪2009‬‬. ‫ א‪*!+,‬א ‪3$|W‬א‪; b‬א‪*!+,‬א ‪3.n‬א‪#n‬‬ ‫;א) @א ‪KBT%&(،g‬א) <!'‪_0‬א‪# 6 GL‬‬ ‫! ‪z P0#du&]Qu*!+ @ M.3b‬א‪h 2‬א '‪ & M.‬‬ ‫&‪ &. 4‬א‪;';U‬א)אא‪#‬א‪{ b)L‬א"‪Sj(_ *N‬א‪@ M.‬‬ ‫א‪@. 4‬א ‪3$| ،‬א‪_G e .n3*!* >!.G (; b‬‬ ‫א;א)א א‪% KB<e‬א‪T)<Gw 2‬א‪+‬א(!א‪5w M‬‬ ‫א ‪60?$>?*،‬א‪*!+,‬א *‪R )077,b&60Ub,‬א"‪gQ‬‬ ‫א

(22) ‪7%&60‬א=א@א‪*!%b‬א‪@ 2‬א ‪ (; b‬א‪!X,‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫א‪>'< 4‬א‪+‬א(!‪!&T 4&h‬א‪y‬א‪@ M.‬א

(23) ‪ KE F‬‬ ‫‪j(7‬אא"‪,‬א<&א‪4;!Qà*!+,‬א;‪R‬א ‪60B‬‬ ‫א‪ :!L‬א‪ (*I‬א‪60ABsb‬א‪/!0 4,$&Sj(T+,‬‬ ‫‪ W (l$%‬‬ ‫‪rG30‬א‪!F‬א"‪Sj(WG!OrGWD,‬א‪!'c‬א<‪<G‬‬ ‫ ‪AB‬א ‪W‬אא (‪ ^ba7‬א‪AB >0،bF‬א ‪6‬‬ ‫‪7_t‬אא ‪( ,:4 bF&60‬א‪rdb‬א" ‪#bM3‬א‬ ‫א‪،0bF‬א)‪3*!>b‬א"‪6fl‬אא |‪f3$‬‬ ‫‪3< G‬א‪GL‬א<‪^b%&60‬אא‪60R )07،bF‬א‪+‬א(!א ‬ ‫(‪ *< >0)B‬א

(24) ‪(^ 4 6‬א‪3^$d&j‬‬ ‫א‪!U‬א‪w‬אא>‪5‬א‪ ,،¡F _X& 4,‬אא‪;7,&bF‬א)‬ ‫א‪+‬א(!א‪bF‬א‪ cnB3$|#7f&:4 0; : (I‬‬ ‫‪KB)#$‬א‪30!D‬א ‪#‬א ‪-3، h!F‬א‪w GKB<e‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫&‪'6$‬א‪KBb*!M_L‬א‪ KE FdX‬‬ ‫{ ‪rG3‬א‪!F‬א"!'‪` 6i>W‬א ‪6f6!*g‬א _א"!''‬ ‫א‪*!+,‬א *‪3g ^4,$‬א‪:b‬א‪ A!%&3.c>U‬‬ ‫א ‪*،‬א ‪bO60KB_b‬אא ‪!*F&3 ,$x‬‬ ‫ ‪@ a& a*!+‬א"‪_F‬א"!'‪Sj‬א‪3]bX*-3،‬א"‪4‬‬ ‫א‪!O0'T$4‬א‪*!+,‬א א‪3 >$d&I‬א‪ (/!0 L‬‬ ‫א‪b‬א ‪4O‬א‪73*603$|j‬א‪rG b‬א ‪h!F‬א‪(L‬א`‬ ‫א‪6 KBd‬א‪-،Y!nL‬א‪b‬א" ;א‪!Ub,*j‬א &^‪ ,‬‬ ‫‪bO‬א‪5Z‬א";‪# :>R‬א‪yP7@ Z‬א‪ ,(#،G‬‬. ‫

(25) ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ‬.

(26) ‫‬ ‫ א

(27) אא ‪ 8‬א‪2009‬‬. ‫‪247‬‬. ‫‪ 7Ub,*!nHKB53 hw Xn‬א ‪l (jn0g‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫א‪;'E ,; b‬א) &^א‪ KE F‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬א ;א >‪W‬א‪5!*2‬א אא‪j(^B,)0j‬אא ;‪KB‬‬ ‫א‪S ¢‬א‪'Q‬א ‪KB0g‬א* @א!‪6‬א‪'*d !%3 1‬‬ ‫‪h% (rG،August Comt"E18571789F?W W 0< 0‬א‪T$4‬‬ ‫א" >*=א‪ T$4&# 3E^ 0‬א‪5M‬א ‪! 0،‬‬ ‫ @‪' 4 ¢3‬א‪h 2‬א

(28) ‪o!*>، a‬א‪7Q‬‬ ‫‪pA 0‬א"‪_(j‬א‪G'^ 4 !X60Ub,*j‬א‪/ ¢r!D‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ א‪` aL‬א‪,‬א‪ ;&I‬א‪2‬א‪f% KE FR‬א‪!$4‬א‪4 >3Q‬‬ ‫‪!X‬א‪@j n0!*,‬א‪,‬א‪ 1 *!+ : bF& OQ‬‬ ‫ ‪w )6‬א'א"!‪G‬א‪0**!D‬אא‪!+,‬א‪j(;O،!Z‬אא‪3g,‬‬ ‫א‪7&h*#C@ H!$4‬אא‪ly‬א"!>אא‪5M‬א

(29) ‪60‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫א‪;X ) )0‬א‪T 4&>!#$‬א‪#$‬א‪+‬א(!א ‪ KE F‬‬ ‫‪!$4h/!060AB‬א‪T1 *^ 0Q‬א ‪@ bU‬א

(30) ‪;X‬‬ ‫!>‪0>،‬א‪T$4‬א‪7&CD,3h; bQ‬א)‪ b‬‬ ‫‪z P0‬א‪!$4‬א‪#d‬א‪&(.‬א" >*‪( ,.*G،‬א

(31) ‪6‬‬ ‫א‪'* !5*@ j‬א‪T)$Ch* 6$&،6$‬‬ ‫א‪h 2‬א ! &! ‪;7‬א)א‪h!( +‬א‪*!4‬א א‪I‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫! ( א

(32) ‪ KE F6‬‬ ‫ ‪W‬א‪4 4‬א

(33) ‪;*Tb‬א>א 'א‪T$4‬א‪6 rG،Q‬‬ ‫‪?@; $*????6$?3# T$4‬א‪!-L‬א‪`N(#n0،^Tb$‬‬ ‫א"‪,‬א‪'h£*!D‬א;א) @אא

(34) ‪j( 4، *Tb‬אא"‪^ 0(,‬‬ ‫|‪ ^>!;X&3$‬א ;‪2 ^>!<.n3B‬א‪60،R‬א"!>‬ ‫א ‪ (G(!DQ‬א"!>אא‪'(I‬א‪ X‬א ‪54 A‬‬ ‫‪+G.0b*>،* 4q‬א‪'#X!D ^b*!4 (*5w M‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫א‪>!KB* ,‬אא ‪l‬א‪@ M. $d&I‬א ‪lw‬א‪+‬א(!‪ KE F‬‬ ‫‪60B‬א ;א >‪,h!q‬א‪S ¢‬א‪w ,b‬א‪4q‬א‪!-0j‬א‪hS‬‬ ‫‪ W?=>: ??* ;?3#‬‬ ‫‪j(=*W* ;#0 1.1‬אא!‪` /!03#‬א ‪'g‬א ;*‪¤‬‬ ‫א" ‪j(w M0>،!e‬אא‪ (*!$>);6 ،,:)07‬‬ ‫'א ‪&g‬א<‪7Gw M‬א‪5!*،‬א‪* ;KBT1$‬א‪'#c4‬‬ ‫


(36) ‫‪248‬‬. ‫ א

(37) אא ‪ 8‬א‪2009‬‬. ‫א‪KB<e‬א)‪<.‬א ‪3g‬אא‪3^X ' 20I‬‬ ‫א‪%‬א‪_w‬א‪6B7G،^BWb I‬א‪¤*; &' (<CF S=0sb‬א‪!$4‬‬ ‫א ‪*!+‬א ‪^& 4NT%&Kg‬א‪^&;M7+‬א‬ ‫א‪'*!$4‬א‪l5‬א"‪F,‬א‪4 4‬א‪m!F‬אא‪I‬א@‪7‬‬ ‫א)!א`א‪2‬א‪ K‬‬ ‫‪1.1.1‬א‪+‬א(!א ‪j(| W‬אא"‪!$4‬א ‪!M03‬א ^‬ ‫(א‪60S; b‬א‪+‬א(!א ‪Sj(،` af‬א‪+‬א(!א‪5w M &I‬‬ ‫א ‪ -‬א‪#$‬א א"‪3#$%‬א‪!>L‬א*!‪3^ 0?* ;?Y‬‬ ‫א‪j(،` af # 60;!c‬א‪U‬א" ‪ B'h‬א ‪3g‬‬ ‫א‪*(n4 4‬א‪6i>` af # & 0 ،^X4,dQ‬א‪5w M‬‬ ‫&;‪R‬א ‪ KE10F 4 >:‬‬ ‫‪60S pA‬א‪*!O3 >!3$|; $>L‬א)‪3$، 4 >6 Fb‬‬ ‫א‪;B3$|` aL‬א ‪*!O3‬א‪z %,‬אא ‪ >#03 ¥‬‬ ‫‪; n3@ KB‬א‪j،#‬א>*!‪60Y‬א‪+‬א(!א ‪3‬א‪# 4‬‬ ‫‪j(KE11F^h!( M‬אא^א"א ';א)א‪w 2‬א ‪(` af‬א‪j‬‬ ‫א ‪g‬א; |‪3‬א‪T$4‬א‪ K?! ,b)??W ?3#$4 4‬‬ ‫‪ 2.1.1‬א‪Tc‬א‪ ,4)0 WE12F‬א<&>‪h!$‬א‪Tc‬א‬ ‫‪(0?* ;?,‬א"‪( 4‬א ‪g?^ f^>!*rG، xI‬‬ ‫א"א@א"‪! %‬א ‪Y‬א"א‪l,O‬א *‪'l‬א‪¦ 6§$&5Z‬א¦^‬ ‫‪^& G‬א ‪w d¦ AP*>،?e‬א ‪T‬א" *‪ , S=*AB‬‬ ‫ ' ‪ KG#‬‬‫‪j('?* ;?;O‬אא"‪7 WCh* e^ e4‬‬ ‫?א ‪#-‬א?‪AB‬א=א"‪4‬א‪6 ^ BrG، 2b Q 4c><L‬‬ ‫‪#M‬א‪w d^C'Y‬א ‪،‬א‪`%‬א‪KBS Mj‬א‪'^,‬‬ ‫‪^ 0‬א‪?4dX"G.‬א ‪#-‬א? ‪@ bO0h@ GS; b‬‬ ‫>!‪3‬א‪Tc‬א ‪#1,5T* M' 1x3$|،‬‬ ‫‪5‬א‪{h!)L‬א‪y‬א"{‪@ )N‬א‪،‬א;‪&( 0R‬א©‪KKK‬‬ ‫‪4 &0‬א ‪#-‬א; *>א‪w 2‬א ‪T‬א" *‬ ‫‪*C!1 0h;X‬א¦‪43‬א‪Tc‬אא‪ K# %‬‬ ‫‪ & 3.1.1‬א‪'#‬א‪ &W5Z‬א‪3Q* ; (=*#‬‬ ‫א‪w 2‬א א" *א‪'TU e I‬א‪m.nL‬א ‪60R )07،‬‬ ‫


(39) 249. 2009‫ א‬8 ‫ א

(40) אא‬. Q_b &*2‫ >א‬1$‫'א‬h *‫א‬3¢ ,‫א‬#‫'& א‬h *‫א‬ 3 c‫א‬5'Y= (0^:‫א‬Tc‫א‬،‫א‬Tc‫א‬ 36!X,*r*2‫א‬5Z‫'א‬R , >، ‫א‬3 c‫א‬5D ; c‫א‬ 3!1 06! n ‫* א‬N*I‫א‬w q¢ ,‫ א‬2‫א‬#‫!*& א‬O KE13F%YMTQ*!O3(; X ‫א‬ @ Z‫;א‬F6,N*3#!‫אא‬j(6 W5Z‫א‬bO4.1.1 47 !*6 ،r*2‫א‬KBw‫א‬b‫א‬3"‫א‬KBy b‫א‬3 3،#‫& א‬X‫'אא‬h *‫א‬5،5Z‫א‬p) x;‫א)!א‬ WE14F6 S,5Z >EMechanical Solidarity F ‫א‬3 c *Ww‫&א‬5 0 ‫א‬3; ey,p &، & )^ %&^w c0.) ,"‫א א‬o‫!א‬L‫אא‬Tc‫א‬h )،*‫א"א@א‬ ،&‫א‬j‫ `א‬4 c*05Z‫אא‬j(*، b ‫א!א‬:*& K!nHo!Fo!O G‫א‬6 4,^D,& # ` 4 ‫א‬7, ( EOrganique SolidarityFc‫א‬3 c *Wr*G5{ pj#$%، "‫א;( א‬0' r2‫א‬3w $‫* 'א‬.‫א‬ ،Y!nL‫ `א‬cL‫א‬w q7 (;‫ א)!א‬w '&XX` c0 # XX@ )N!+&rG"‫א‬r*2‫א‬5Z‫א‬5!L‫א‬pj$> ;‫ `א)!א‬g,‫ `א‬b/.‫ @א א‬2‫ ;&>!א‬OB' c5 > 1$‫א‬h */ ‫א‬h 2‫&א‬h */^ 0B،#$ 5Z‫א‬30 ; O

(41) ‫אא‬j('، ‫ א‬+,‫א‬$%"<G tBh;!c ]bX* $ ‫א‬ ‫א‬j(ª v،4q‫א‬X‫א‬#‫>!& א‬h;!Q?* ;?Y!* FP ,! 4& ‫א(!א‬+‫ <א‬$a0(0YGB ,Gu/u!«0*o % ‫א‬ K ‫א‬h 2‫א‬+,&7 * M.n0 ) 5Z‫אא‬5Z‫^"א‬Q'?* ;?!X*2‫א‬ l4"‫א‬3*j( e0،@ Z‫א‬3l$alM!4‫א‬#Lr*2‫א‬ #4‫א‬w Xn/!0(07Tb Q ;#d‫א‬eh‫א‬f ،^ > *j‫א א‬+,‫א‬o.n‫ _א‬Ej‫א‬، ‫א‬ r*d‫<א‬.n3!nHyPKByP3TU*5Z‫<א‬d* ;b> G O

(42) ‫_'א‬b &-‫א‬2‫א‬AB،^>3 c‫א‬5 O*&KBpAN* ; 5Z‫>!אא‬0X *‫&א‬5، ‫א‬+,‫א‬3|‫ <א‬$aL‫א‬#$ ‫


(44) 2009‫ א‬8 ‫ א

(45) אא‬. 250. r ‫א‬3 c‫א‬#c‫א‬3 c‫<א‬G#‫& א‬KBw KB?* ;?, !X‫א‬6‫)א‬3h; b(j‫א‬#‫& א‬N* KE15F1*2‫) @א‬N"‫א‬3h*< $a0;q'h *‫א‬ AB،h!a¦‫א‬T-f&l ‫א‬3*!+,"‫!א‬1 0sb‫א‬S=*W?=>: ? 2.1 ،^&!a'pA( )rG‫!א¦¦א‬$4

(46) ‫ ¦*!א‬b& ?=>?6 (I‫א‬h‫ ;א‬$>L‫א‬3¦ c*03$ ‫!א‬+,‫^א‬y>o!v* `#c4‫א‬g ;B3$|¦.1>،,‫א‬#d‫א‬3h= WD 0 4 3T1$#d‫ ;א)א‬#!‫אא‬j(@ ( KB+,‫א‬g ‫א‬3Tb &=‫א‬O‫!א‬MTb‫א‬3S; $>0#1* XM‫א א‬#w "‫א‬ K‫א‬z )L‫א'א‬Tb ¦@; -0I‫ א‬J0!‫א‬ ‫!א‬2‫א‬3^)‫?>=?';א‬F ‫א‬W+,‫!אא א‬2‫ א‬1.2.1 m.nL‫א‬60 ، J0!‫ א‬+,‫`א‬% )‫ >^;א‬+,‫א ;א‬ ، ;0'KL‫ א‬J0!‫;;א‬qKB<L‫א‬5>‫(אא‬W &=‫א‬ ; &=‫א‬m.nL‫?א‬T%‫^א‬4N'Sj(^G!O0?=>?!rG ‫&א‬I‫א‬O ,"‫א‬6074 (‫א‬a^,Qj‫א‬E16F? J0!‫א‬ 3-‫א‬G &O ,"‫!א‬1 03(I &=‫(_א‬j"‫א‬,3= 0b W?=>?Y!*^،!nH_(j00$- $‫א@א^א‬AY!nL‫א‬O ,"‫א‬ ، ;0'@ Z‫;א‬F&') )0# >;,*‫א‬M.nL‫א‬60 rG،^j‫(א‬5Z‫א‬5M‫א‬60Y!*j‫?א‬: ; ?:$7 J0!‫א‬PKB@0I‫א=& (א‬h‫;א‬60?=>?* j‫א‬#‫א‬:*&7rCh‫א‬Sj(60$، (;F&!U‫ א‬,X‫א‬ KE17F J0!‫א‬R )0#$%* TU‫א‬5Z‫א‬bO35Z‫;א‬F&'#1*j‫ א‬1"‫^א‬A,S/‫ !א‬B (a!‫א‬# >،#‫א‬a‫;א‬S &5KB3"‫א‬TU‫א‬a!‫א‬ ‫א‬5Z‫א‬z P035Z‫<א‬d* ;b>،"‫א‬6!X"‫א‬5D@ J 6 BS *5KB*; F)‫א‬6

(47) ‫* >^א‬j‫א‬ +,‫א א‬z PL‫א‬,( (a!&F ‫א‬,!*F‫ א‬,$‫א‬ ;?=>?^ ,*j‫א‬O‫!א‬MTb‫א‬+,‫ 'א‬D&I‫א‬،5Z‫א‬F KE18F^ !2/.‫;א‬F‫ * @א‬KB5Z‫א‬#X*2‫א‬r*d‫א‬d* gQ"‫ ^*א‬i> ‫א‬#4‫[א‬X\ 0WE19F ‫א‬#4‫א‬2.2.1 h;e3h; b^ 0Y!*j‫א‬،?! b>? ,g ‫) ) א‬L‫א‬ ‫


(49) ‫‬ ‫ א

(50) אא ‪ 8‬א‪2009‬‬. ‫‪251‬‬. ‫א

(51) א‪=6$*j‬א¦‪^,‬א)‪F‬א‪0#4‬א

(52) ‪3 DG‬א‪ <.n3،#4‬‬ ‫‪^XE‬א‪A7,3!4‬א& ^‪ K‬‬ ‫> ¦"‪j(?=>?;+,‬א‪>3‬א א ‪0‬א‪+‬א(!‬ ‫א ‪،l* 7‬א" ‪Y‬א‪7^ 4 60<L‬א" ‪Y‬א‪7 ,!4‬‬ ‫א‪^4c*j‬א‪!>L‬א‪ 0، 4 0‬א" ‪Y‬א‪Y 7^4,> 1‬א"‪7,‬א‪j‬‬ ‫&‪^4c‬א ‪ K#$‬‬ ‫‪4"?=>?7F0‬א‪#4‬א ‪ 7,‬א) ¦ ‪#‬א ‪^4e‬א"‪gQ‬‬ ‫א‪rdb) )L‬א )‪ 0> ^,Q>،S!+ 3‬א‪g‬א ‬ ‫אא‪<G=>4'le n ,(،7,^5E# 4‬א‪#4‬א ‪ W‬‬ ‫‪0‬א ‪e‬א‪!e *^ 0KL‬א‪A#nG‬א&‪*!+,‬א ‪pAg‬‬ ‫ ‪607S‬א"‪@ 4‬א‪'*!+,‬א ‪AP`Q' el*g‬‬ ‫א>א‪!CI‬א‪ K# 4‬‬ ‫{ ‪ 0‬א ‪e‬א‪?3?=>?]FX<> 1‬א"‪(?7,‬‬ ‫‪]FX‬א)^‪KB^T%‬א '‪`Q‬א‪!4‬א"!‪7‬א‪KB7 *j‬‬ ‫‪^C‬א‪ K# 4‬‬ ‫‪E20F‬‬ ‫‪4 3.2.1‬א‪@ M.‬א ‪< b&?=>?,&W‬א‪l< >L‬‬ ‫א‪!>L‬א‪ ,# >R )07‬א‪AB^ )7!># 4c*I‬‬ ‫‪ K#4Y! ,(60‬‬ ‫;א)?>=?"‪4‬א‪@ M.‬א ) ‪7S‬א‪;3<d‬א)א‪< >L‬‬ ‫א‪z P0KB*!4‬א ‪35) X*AB،‬א ‪d&l‬‬ ‫‪j(7,@ c‬אא ;א‪# 5c*j‬א ‪^*^ b G'!n‬‬ ‫) ^'‪`Q‬א ‪)@ ) $‬א ‪ K!n‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬א ;א‪j(#1|3/!0W;1‬אא ;(א‪!$4‬א" ; א‪j‬א‪#G‬‬ ‫‪< 'h/; $‬א;א) @א )‪*،@ D‬א‪3T1$‬‬ ‫א"‪603*!$4‬א" ; א‪#*b‬א‪^ $ij‬אא‪S ¢‬א >'>^‬ ‫ ‪b‬א‪@ Z‬א‪@ M.‬א"‪@ *!+,ê-3^ $‬א ‪،‬‬ ‫&> ‪3 f^4‬א‪@ *!+,‬א‪%‬א‪( 4!*F& .n37)I‬‬ ‫& _א‪# 4‬א‪,b‬א ‪7‬א א`‪ K‬‬ ‫‪'^*!+ 1.3‬א‪!X‬א‪g‬א‪3WbF‬א‪z ,‬א(!*'>‪?: ; ?!$‬‬ ‫‪^4‬א [‪3‬א‪60Y!*>،bF‬א‪h!( qB( bF‬א &=‬ ‫‪M3‬א‪'hw )* XM‬א‪60 N*-3،5Z‬א‪R )L‬אא‪_ M‬‬ ‫


(54) ‫‪252‬‬. ‫ א

(55) אא ‪ 8‬א‪2009‬‬. ‫א‪(bF‬א ‪#‬א‪ >، XM‬א‪#w )p|3lR ,‬א

(56) ‪3‬‬ ‫|‪(p‬א ‪_b‬א ;‪;q'E‬א‪ +, b&bF‬א)‪<.U‬א‪^Q!4&j‬‬ ‫א‪bF‬א" ‪7h!F‬א‪@ bF‬א א‪>3Y!nL‬א‪0b‬א‪06 ,ML‬א!‪m‬‬ ‫‪0‬א <א" ‪^&!+,* >?: ; ?; $>0h;3$|،E21F6b‬‬ ‫;א)^א ‪;Fe‬א‪5Z‬א

(57) ‪!X^&!+ `Q'^+‬א‪g‬א‬ ‫‪@ bOl‬א‪s3 F,5Z‬א‪; $>L‬א‪ W* >1) )L‬‬ ‫‪!-0 1.1.3‬א"‪4‬א* ‪'$$‬אא‪5M‬א ‪W‬א‪?: ; ?j ‬‬ ‫(‪j‬אא"‪; a4‬א'‪^-‬א‪60^b GAB،d‬א"!`* ‪4*605F‬א‪ +,‬‬ ‫א ‪M60*rG،^cM ,cM^5c*S,*606w‬א ‪l‬‬ ‫א* ‪(p$‬אא ‪l‬א‪!X E; &h;Te;F&# ! 4&I‬א‪lg‬‬ ‫א‪QL‬א>‪E^c -!ê'#à#$‬א"! ‪5‬‬ ‫א‪o!+ bO;F*-s,‬א‪!X‬א‪ KE22Fg‬‬ ‫‪ 2.1.3‬א" *א ;‪?: ; ?!$>' ) )0 D, (; b WE‬א‪j‬‬ ‫‪j(o.\^ 0B?#D(?3.e0Sjn0‬אא‪ 7^bF*60TnL‬‬ ‫א‪ 7?: ; ?^bO!$4‬א" ‪،h‬א" *א ;‪'(E‬א‪2‬אא‬ ‫&‪4";F‬אא" *‪W 6B،‬א" *א& א"‪Q‬‬ ‫א" ‪3#‬א&‪;F‬א ‪M‬א ‪^,‬א ‪6i>،‬א" *א ;‪ &E‬‬ ‫א א‪ (# Q5M‬א ‪3!n‬אא ¬ ‪6‬‬ ‫&‪;F‬א‪M5Z‬א ‪ KE23F^,‬‬ ‫‪ 3.1.3‬א‪lM.‬א‪` ,b‬א‪) )L‬א‪` ,b‬א‪b) 7` ,WE24F‬‬ ‫א ‪3 M.F‬א‪lM.‬אא אא 'א" *א ;‪E‬‬ ‫*!‪60?: ; ?Y‬א‪^F* (G03*` ,36$*5Z‬א‪` ,b‬א‪Id‬‬ ‫א"‪'#1‬א"א@א" *א‪ 1|I‬א‪7F* XM‬א‪ 1‬א‪` ,b‬א‪M4‬‬ ‫א"‪36$‬א‪; $>L‬א"א@א‪3*j(l@ > 1‬א‪=* ,*# 4&3*` ,b‬‬ ‫^‪4M‬אא" *‪3 # 60AB،‬א

(58) א‪ 0b* XM‬‬ ‫א‪!1 06$&7G@ b1‬א‪+,‬א"‪pA'h` 4 ,$‬א‪u/v7^,$،WM‬‬ ‫א *‪bF& 0b]bX‬א‪,$‬א

(59) > ‪3h‬א‪)L‬א‪m‬א‪1*2‬‬ ‫א"אא ‪j('،‬אא

(60) ‪;F3$|?: ; ?_ G; O‬א ;‪*60E‬‬ ‫‪Sj(,‬א"!‪,bUb,*7,G‬א ‪/Bh!1!DG6$&60‬א` ;‬ ‫(‪j‬אא‪Wdbe0B،;F‬א‪(^h;1‬א ‪#b‬א‪5QSTUG‬א‪ +,‬‬ ‫א א‪4 060?: ; ?Y!*-3،^#*b‬א @‬ ‫


(62) 253. 2009‫ א‬8 ‫ א

(63) אא‬. M.‫א‬p&>h;!cyb&!* PB# 4&3 , ‫א‬ KM4‫ `א‬,b‫א‬Id‫ `א‬,b‫ @א‬$l 4‫א‬ w P (;F@ Z‫! א‬x#G‫!א‬:® ,(60?: ; ?*

(64) ‫א‬G!،g FM

(65) ‫א‬G!، *b‫א‬G!،w‫א‬b‫א

(66) א‬G!W( ‫א‬a‫א

(67) א‬yP^b *j‫א‬%‫ א‬+,‫א‬G!‫א‬Tn0 J0!‫א‬ K *; =‫א‬$G%‫א‬5D*xG! 5Z‫א‬5M‫?א‬: ; ?#C! *WE25F‫א‬sw >6 M!-0 4.1.3 !+ 3]bX&I‫ א‬J0!‫א

(68) א‬yP^3*j‫;א‬L‫א‬ #b ‫«א‬v&60_tI‫א‬hTnL‫^א‬G‫!'!א‬%b‫ א‬M: ; */‫א=א‬bF‫א‬Y^ ‫א" <&!א‬R0;PN*rG، &I‫א‬G! ،hw ‫ @א

(69) א‬M.

(70) ‫א א‬bF‫א‬l X‫&א*א‬KB !4‫ {א‬b)0!%,& Fb‫א‬,& J0!‫ א‬bF‫*א‬0'h!1‫א‬P5 K!‫א¯א‬3L‫ {א‬b)05Z‫א‬4*6 !2‫א‬ 5¢KBN*j‫?(א‬: ; ?_ G ‫א‬sw >3rdb‫א‬6B ‫א‬bF‫א‬Y‫&א*א‬5،l*/‫א=א‬,!*jb‫א‬o!‫!א@א‬1‫א‬ bO*/‫א=א‬bF‫א‬lg‫!א‬X‫א‬hG*‫. & &א‬o!qq & 3$&-3، ‫א‬/ (; ‫א‬o!q 4, J0!‫א‬N&3، *; =‫א‬ KbO.‫א א‬a‫א‬5Z‫ `א‬,3h;1‫א‬F)‫א= ;* א‬ < $a

(71) ‫אא‬j(#G#03^ 0?: ; ?Y!*R )L‫אא‬j(3 M.F ‫א‬ 60 ,

(72) ‫ @א‬M.l

(73) ‫א‬#w )p|3lw ‫א‬g‫!א‬X‫'א‬#1"‫א‬ WE26F ‫א‬¥ <.U) ;!%‫א‬# 5b, (; b e ‫א‬$"‫א‬7` c‫ א‬0 3MM*'‫א‬sw >:*$&KBN*j‫א‬g!%TU‫ ;א‬$G‫א‬ KG $‫ @א‬bF‫א‬3h!1$‫ {א‬G7،5*; %"‫ {א‬de0 7KL‫א‬#G‫'א"!א‬c&7G

(74) ‫א‬#w )7‫א‬h!F) { K *; =‫א‬bOKB#w )‫א‬Sj( &-3،*!1‫ @א‬bF‫א‬,(#$% ‫!א‬U‫א‬#4*;!Qh‫א‬0?: ; ? (‫א*!א‬h;1‫א‬G %‫א‬5Z‫א‬-3 ‫א‬a‫א‬5Z‫`א‬%,5*! /.‫ א‬XM‫א‬ 3G!!( J0!‫א‬60 KbF‫ @א‬4‫!א @א‬X‫א‬3 ‫א‬ 5Q‫א‬7h;1‫אא‬3]bX*^ i>، XM‫א א‬¤*; ‫א‬#G‫!א‬. ‫


(76) ‫‪254‬‬. ‫ א

(77) אא ‪ 8‬א‪2009‬‬. ‫א ‪@ M.yPTU&w‬א

(78) ‪_ G‬א‪;F‬א‪#w )'#e 2‬א

(79) ‪j(،‬א‬ ‫‪]bX&7G‬א!‪ M + J0‬א‪ K5Z‬‬ ‫‪M. 4‬א‪,b‬א ‪#4‬א

(80) ‪` ;W‬א ‪7g‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫& א‪*!+,‬א ‪ WE FlF,3‬‬ ‫‪F,3 B0‬א‪KB!+,‬א‪,b‬א‪!O0#C%&'5D$‬‬ ‫א‪@ M.‬א!א‪y‬א ‪(W‬א‪!F‬א‪3F,*j‬א‪7#$ 5Z‬‬ ‫א‪g3= 0à^ 0; b‬א"‪(^l $‬א‪!>L‬אא‪j(7،^>l 4‬א‬ ‫א‪< >0Y! R )L‬א‪ ( >0 (; b l 4‬א‪5Z‬א‪`6$%*j‬א‬ ‫‪3h ) )0 , >0607,،^,‬א‪,b‬א ‪ K‬‬ ‫{ ‪F,3 B‬א‪!+,‬א‪w‬א‪< >0#C%&<.n3*!4‬‬ ‫א‪!>L‬א ‪(; b‬א‪l 4‬א‪'l2‬א‪>5Z‬א"‪,TX'l$d‬‬ ‫א‪;5Z‬א‪!( +60$^F‬א‪b‬א (‪B‬א ‪)R $‬‬ ‫א‪!>L‬א>^‪ K‬‬ ‫>‪Ai‬א ‪3*j(5Q , G‬א‪`N(3. 5c o)l&!+,‬א"‪3*!$4‬‬ ‫א‪S; OB'-.1‬א‪!+,‬א‪d‬א‪;< '^Q nj‬א) &^א‪bO4 4‬‬ ‫א‪h!+,‬א‪4 4‬א‪# T$4&WbOI‬א‪ W}.1>،,G‬‬ ‫‪ >3F 0W?* ;#0? 1.4‬א‪@ >!X&°e'^,(5Z‬‬ ‫א‪!>L‬א‪(^ 0‬א‪Mj‬א‪M.n0R ,‬א ‪43 M.F‬א‪Tc‬‬ ‫אא"‪;73‬א@א‪!>L‬א‪ K‬‬ ‫‪'EW?=>: ? 2.4‬א ‪60Y!*^ BrG3?* ;?3^M.F‬‬ ‫א‪< >L (5Z‬א‪!>L‬א) &‪ >600،‬א‪(!4‬א‪# 4‬‬ ‫א‪') )L‬א‪(#5Z‬א *‪T‬א‪ K5Z‬‬ ‫‪W?: ; <; ?3.4‬א ‪. 3F‬א" )‪3l‬א‪!TU!X, !4‬‬ ‫‪7,b‬א ‪*!+ F‬א‪7h; 1‬אא‪5 M‬א‪6[ a0 (*I‬א‪5Z‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫א‪3 c*0E FE%‬א‪0#dhGS; b ,b 5Z‬א‪ ,] &%&h‬‬ ‫;א)(‪j‬אא‪5Z‬א!‪= (;F&^,7o‬א‪h;TX‬א ;‪ KE‬‬ ‫‪l ; 5‬א‪S ¢‬א >א‪S ¢‬א‪3# &W;1‬א‪*!+,‬‬ ‫א‪w ,b‬א‪A4q‬א@א‪S ¢‬א >א‪7 N*j‬אא‪3^>!q 6/‬‬ ‫א‪،D,*!+ #w‬א‪*!+,‬א" ; ‪A‬א@א‪S ¢‬א!א*‪ $‬א‪ N*j‬‬ ‫‪7‬א‪!X‬א‪3S; OB'!q g‬א‪'-@ ( ¢‬א‪*!+,‬א" ; ‪/!0،‬‬ ‫א‪'l) )0l( ¢‬א‪*!+,‬א )א" ‪ ; 3$|7G،h!e‬‬ ‫


(82) ‫‬ ‫ א

(83) אא ‪ 8‬א‪2009‬‬. ‫‪255‬‬. ‫‪^0rG3 ,# l‬א‪^b%‬א‪)o.n‬א`' ‪5D&!+‬‬ ‫&‪"(T 4‬א‪+‬א(!א ‪Sj(T 4&'*!O‬א‪+‬א(!‪30،‬‬ ‫‪rG‬א‪;X‬א@א‪!*I‬א( ‪#‬א‪ K,G‬‬ ‫>‪rG3‬א _א&‪'^X&3$|m 4‬א ‪3. 60}W‬‬ ‫א ;*‪3‬א >א!א*‪}.1>، ,4 >, Fb&!!q $‬‬ ‫א‪;j‬א‪S ¢.*!$4‬א >'א ‪p&KB5!&g‬א‪4 4‬‬ ‫א! א‪'@!qI‬א!‪6‬א )‪ ,،!%5‬א‪S ¢‬א!א*‪ $‬א;&‪yb‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪4 4‬א‪!*,‬א‪'@ )I‬א!‪6‬א‪ KE F!%3 1‬‬ ‫‪rG3 0‬א _א‪6i>o.n‬א‪S ¢‬א‪w ,b‬א‪7 ;4q‬‬ ‫א )‪7q 42 *^ LpA،p‬א‪` ,b‬א א)!א;‪h;!QY!*S‬‬ ‫&‪+,‬א‪h 2‬א ‪<.n3‬א _א" ;א"‪'#1‬אא" *‪T‬‬ ‫א א ‪'hw‬א‪ ,،5 Z‬א" ; ; @‪7‬א _א‪!X‬א‪g‬‬ ‫א ‪j(60$‬אא‪F,3^&!+ *S ¢‬א‪#d‬א ;‪'E‬‬ ‫ ‪¤*; &^ 0^^&!+‬א‪!X‬א‪#uU (G0،@ lg‬א ‪-3،#U !n‬‬ ‫;*^‪rG35D‬א‪sM ,‬א ;'‪S ,‬א ‪l‬א‪` ,b‬א‪Id‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫א‪` ,b‬א‪z 3pj KE FM4‬א‪60o.n‬א‪S ¢‬א >א;&‪ f yb‬‬ ‫‪;7‬א‪h4X‬א" ;‪GB'h‬אא‪;F‬א ‪ ,،‬א;&‪yb‬א‪S ¢‬‬ ‫א!א*‪ $‬א‪@ bF ;1‬א א‪^ 4 3#j‬א"=‪7‬‬ ‫‪Sj(60 2 X‬א‪ e(bF‬א ;*‪TU&5& & 7>¤‬א‪bF‬‬ ‫א‪KB<e G35Z‬א‪5Z‬א"‪F%,‬א‪5Z‬א‪j>E%‬אא‪(TU‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫ ‪_ GR )L‬א ? ; ‪6 M?:‬א‪=lG'KE Fh 2‬א‪S ¢‬א >‬ ‫‪@ GO3‬א‪bF‬א‪;b‬א‪*/‬א‪h( 7 &I‬א>‪± X35‬א!‪ J0‬‬ ‫א" ‪'h!F‬א‪5Z‬א‪7q 4d**B!*=&*&-3;L‬‬ ‫‪5 O` 4QB 2 X‬א‪ K !%‬‬ ‫‪rG3‬א"‪@ * ,‬א‪}#d‬א ;א‪w ,b‬א‪< 4q‬‬ ‫ ‪( ,h‬אא‪#C'bF‬א‪+‬א(!א '‪}lG‬‬ ‫א" ; &‪h!$>7,b‬א" *א ;‪,5b&E‬א* ‪p$‬א ;‪'E‬‬ ‫&‪G0T 4‬אא ;*‪!( q#C-3¤‬א@א‪^& M.5Z‬א"‪ K b‬‬ ‫ ‪ %‬‬. ‫‪'²‬א‪j('S ;0 * ,‬אא" <‪.$60‬א‪lG!F‬א‪w ,b‬‬ ‫א‪34q‬א‪;1‬א!א*‪ $‬א"=‪S ¢ ^,‬א" ; ‪3‬‬ ‫


(85) ‫‪256‬‬. ‫ א

(86) אא ‪ 8‬א‪2009‬‬. ‫‪3$|w XnY!n0‬א

(87) > ‪@.$%. ,h‬א‪5Z‬א ‪#C3 M.F‬‬ ‫;א)א‪+‬א(!א ‪{ b)0‬א‪#‬א ‪@ 4 - b‬א ‪m 1b‬א‪@ M.‬‬ ‫‪rG b3$|r، ,‬א א‪0'!+,‬א‪ (jnLY0lG!OL‬‬ ‫'‪Sj(.‬א"‪ K@.$%‬‬ ‫>‪Ai‬א ‪!e , 0‬א‪#$%&I‬א‪*!+,‬א‪ de060}KL‬‬ ‫א)( ‪f‬א@‪ ,#C‬א‪(UW ^ 0B،Z‬א‪q 42‬‬ ‫‪7‬אא&_א ‪60R )07‬א‪'#eL‬א‪(@ Z‬א‪7q 42‬א‪3L‬‬ ‫א א ‪l‬א‪3*j‬א‪!) *;!Q O!a6‬א;‪h G‬א‪'، + R ,‬‬ ‫‪W lG‬א‪!e ,‬א‪#$%&I‬א‪*!+,‬א" ; ‪0‬א@‪35D#C‬‬ ‫‪@ ) )05Q^>#0‬א‪TU‬א!א*‪S ,b $‬א א ‪3 M.F‬‬ ‫א‪Q!4‬א‪Sj) )L‬א‪60*!+,‬א‪5Z‬א

(88) * ‪ X&< 'T‬‬ ‫&*‪7Ub,* 15ZAP,,‬א‪bF‬אא>^א‪Sj,‬‬ ‫א!) ‪h )T‬א‪ K!%b‬‬ ‫ ‪ ,3$|e.‬א

(89) ‪ ,& &3‬א"‪j( $aB'G!F‬א‬ ‫א‪AB >،,‬א ‪6 $

(90) 6‬א ‪w , ` 4‬א‪G0 e*603$|I‬‬ ‫(‪3*j‬א ;*‪'، (. 03‬א‪@ F,3*2‬א"‪,‬אא‪jnL‬‬ ‫‪6G ,‬א‪'!+,‬א‪,‬א‪G‬א‪60R )07،Y!nL‬א‪+‬א(!א '‬ ‫‪hh e0‬א"‪{; %‬א"א‪ (;+5>&،#n‬א‪3# :‬‬ ‫אא‪#‬א‪!e ,‬א‪F,3@ -3، $%&I‬א‪rdb‬אא"‪60,‬‬ ‫&;‪_ G ,&_ Gh!( q# R‬א‪o.n‬אא‪#‬א" ‪ >bb‬א‪o.n‬‬ ‫א‪b‬א‪y‬א א‪*7G،^>@!qj‬א‪@ *!3M%$‬‬ ‫א‪# 4‬א ‪^>!q‬א"‪ K^>d‬‬ ‫'(‪Sj‬א‪3$| 2‬א

(91) ‪07‬א‪l$xS;'lD,‬א‪rG b‬‬ ‫אא;‪R‬א !‪bO7o‬א‪@ M.‬א א @א‪*!4‬‬ ‫א ‪3‬אא>‪5‬א‪b‬א‪r‬א‪( ، &/!>0I‬א‪o!+‬א‪b‬א‪F‬‬ ‫א‪;W I‬א`&‪Sj(#$%‬א‪@ M.‬א @‪ , &^>pa K‬‬ ‫‪6f‬א‪h!+,‬א‪D,"1*2‬א‪rdb‬א&‪c‬א‪*!O7; XM‬‬ ‫‪% 'h‬א‪3$|^ i>، (T6w 2‬א<‪6B‬א;א)א ‬ ‫ ‪h!+,‬א >‪0+‬א‪h!+,‬א‪*;1‬א!א*‪]de $‬א‪60F*!a jnL‬‬ ‫‪< E‬א‪rdb‬א ^^‪60pA7< 1،‬א‪+‬א(!א‪w 2‬‬ ‫א א‪* XM‬א )א‪ &/!>0I‬א‪Q‬א"‪'* )f‬א!א‪m‬‬ ‫


(93) 257. 2009‫ א‬8 ‫ א

(94) אא‬. p) ‫א‬#‫א‬6‫>א‬5Dd‫א‬7,bmx3pA3 ^.G‫א‬ ;!c‫א‬YL‫א‬3]bX*،M‫]א א!א‬w‫!א‬%‫א‬# $ ‫א‬ ;1‫א‬#‫א‬D,7*j‫;א‬4‫א‬TU‫א‬#‫!א`א@א‬ijnL‫א‬ )‫; ;א‬0‫א‬AB ,،*/ U‫א‬h‫^א‬Q!>j‫א‬5M‫אאא‬j(TU $*‫א!א‬ Yb_X*') ‫ *א‬XM‫א א‬w 2‫א(!א‬+‫א‬Sj( I‫א@א‬TU‫( א‬/!4&603$|I‫@א‬.$%"‫א‬.<.G‫א) ;א‬ +> ‫א‬h!+,‫א‬3m.F ‫א‬54 L‫א‬YL‫א‬3]bX*،5Z‫]א‬F)74F& ,&^ /‫&א‬7+> ‫א‬7#‫א‬5Z‫א)!א;א‬o‫א)א‬KB7 &I‫א‬ K ‫^א‬1^M . : &!' " ,56 37 84 − *. 2034 − #'#( )*+ , -.*+ /0 "1% : !"# $% −1 5554J ,2006 EFG ,D* 0AB C 2? ,>+0 3+ :; < = U5* *'5* ,)5*R '5S 35.T 84 ,−!%O PN F# Q% −

(95) : M= >N −2 ,1992 5 ,MZ C ,XCY >W B* -V $*" 36N ,2? ,244 C3+ , + 28J ,1997 5 aO5B , 5+%G 5+ C , ? ,` 5

(96) U5* 5# : >^_ -V+ 30 3' −3 09J 3130,J ,2C ,f% , +%G 3 , +0d =e >C,`

(97) U* : -% 3c 3.T −4 3938J ,g=e h0 i

(98) % ,M= >N −5 12J ,i

(99) $W# −6 32,35J ,j'W# i

(100) −87 34J ,g=e h0 i

(101) % : -% 3c 3.T −9 ,5EFG ,D* '# 3 XZ* V 'k , W'*W +

(102) ,aC0 d* 30 −10 324J ,1984 7069J ,g=e h0 i

(103) % ,>^_ -V+ 30 3' −11 D5* mW56 C ,1? ,)O l' 3.T 84 ,/3 . `

(104) U* : >'O 3WC −12,13 17,18J ,1998 ,p>Con > ,i7 ,s'5

(105) % P '5 50*V t5 M5B 2u5T , 5. # -

(106) ' s : prRn q −14 5J ,2002w2001 +%G ' ,aZ' ,v^ 3.T +%

(107) 70J ,h i

(108) % ,>^_ -V+ 30 3' −15 243J ,g=e h0 i

(109) % ,-% 3c 3.T −16 41J ,g=e h0 i

(110) % : >'O 3WC −17. ‫


(112) 2009‫ א‬8 ‫ א

(113) אא‬. 258 243J ,g=e h0 i

(114) % ,-% 3c 3.T −18. 76J ,1992 ,2s ,r+ ,B F= ,1? ,ax+

(115) )*+ : A# −19 263J ,h i

(116) % ,-% 3c 3.T −20 134J ,1991 , ,2 0d.* :+ C ,2? ,#CAy : 3A y 3.T −21 54J ,i

(117) $W# −22 5251J ,j'W# i

(118) −23 5 , 3Z5( , 5+%G XZ C ,x+ `

(119) U* , y :/R V 3.T −24 106J ,1977 3Z( , +%G + C ,

(120) . s} |y : >^_ z { <C −25 208PN 206 J ,1998 ZW* + 31+ ,1? ,1.' sO7 3.T 84 ,CAy 3 )( : ~ . 3.T −26 44J ) 1996 ,p Z%o a3 2 n

(121) ,-%( 75J ,g=e h0 i

(122) % : A# −27 222J ,j'W# i

(123) −28 -+%5G 5Z ,3? ,x5+ ` 5

(124) U5* 5# , 5Z 2O : UZ 30 } 3.T −29 38J ,1983 , 3Z( ,/3 168J ,g=e h0 i

(125) % : /R V 3.T −30 219J ,g=e h0 i

(126) % ,UZ 30 } 3.T −31. ‫


(128) ‫‬ ‫ א

(129) אא ‪ 8‬א‪2009‬‬. ‫‪259‬‬. ‫)‪) * + , + # -‬‬ ‫ ‪ *".* # 1G Q% 2WA 44‬‬. ‫


(131) ‫‪260‬‬. ‫ א

(132) אא ‪ 8‬א‪2009‬‬. ‫


(134)