Taxonomical, size structure and genetic responses of cladoceran communities in subalpine lakes to 150 years of human perturbations

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Taxonomical, size structure and genetic responses of cladoceran communities in subalpine lakes to 150 years

of human perturbations

Benjamin Alric, Fabien Arnaud, Vincent Berthon, Jean Philippe Jenny, Cécile Pignol, Jean Louis Reyss, Marie-Elodie Perga

To cite this version:

Benjamin Alric, Fabien Arnaud, Vincent Berthon, Jean Philippe Jenny, Cécile Pignol, et al.. Taxo-

nomical, size structure and genetic responses of cladoceran communities in subalpine lakes to 150 years

of human perturbations. SEFS7 Symposium for European Freshwater Sciences, Jun 2011, Girona,

Spain. 7 p. �hal-02804766�

Benjamin Alric ¹ , Fabien Arnaud ² , Vincent Berthon ¹ , Jean-Philippe Jenny ² , Cécile Pignol ² , Jean-Louis Reyss ³ ,

Marie-Elodie Perga ¹

1

INRA UMR CARRTEL, Thonon-les-Bains, France

2

CNRS-UMR 5204 EDYTEM, Université de Savoie, France

3

Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Taxonomical, size structure and genetic responses of Cladoceran communities in subalpine lakes to 150

years of human perturbations

Understanding communtity trajectories in a context of multiple perturbations

Eutrophication

Re-oligotrophication (phosphorous concentration) Changes in trophic structure

Ecological changes in lake

(Gerdeaux et al., 2006) Year

Ptot ( ! g.l

)

(Tadonleke et al., 2009)

Unexpected trajectory of biological communities

Phosphorous is not the only driver

+ local scale: fisheries management + global scale: climatic change

Towards a paleo-ecological approach

!"#$"%&"'()'*+(&*+($(,&'

Lake Geneva

Objectives

1. What is the trajectory of biological communities?

2. What is the contribution of both ‘bottom-up’, ‘top-down’ and climatic changes in structuring of biological communities?

What is the role of human-made changes (changes in nutrient level and fish communities in a context of climat change) on

the trajectory of biological communities over the last 150 years in three French deep subalpine lakes?

Cladoceran and their subfossil remains as an integrator of pelagic food web over the long terme

Planktivorous fish Phytoplankton Nutrients Zooplakcton Lake pelagic food web

1. Key position

Low High

Oligotrophic Eutrophic

Nutrient

Predation pressure

2. Subfossil remains archived in

sediment

Piscivores

Changes in the structure of pelagic cladoceran community under the

multiples perturbations

Study sites

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Phase of maximal eutrophication Characteristics of lakes:

Fish community similar Same eco-climatic context

Eutrophication different intensity between the lakes

Mesotrophic

Meso- oligotrophic Oligotrophic Eutrophic

Eutrophic

Oligo- mesotrophic

Ptot ( ! g.l

) Anomaly (°C) relative to 1760 to 2007

1. What is the trajectory of the pelagic cladoceran community

Lake Bourget

Daphnia sp. Eubosmina sp. Bosmina longirostris

Daphnia postabdominal

claws Mean size (!mBCAD' Abundance of remains (No. [gdW]

)

Eubosmina longispina Eubosmina coregoni

Zones'

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1. What is the trajectory of the pelagic cladoceran community

P (!g.l

)

PCA axis1 (69%)

PCA axis1 (86%)

Oligotrophic status

Early eutrophication Rapid eutrophication Re-oligotrophication

P (!g.l

)

Loadings Loadings

Loadings

Lake Annecy

D EL EC BL

DCS

D EL BL

DCS

D EL EC

BL DCS

Lake Bourget

PCA axis1 (80%)

Good

reversibility Irreversibility

EL:

EC:

BL:

D:

DCS:

Daphnia sp.

Eubosmina longispina Eubosmina coregoni Bosmina longirostris Daphnia claws size

Lake Geneva

P (!g.g

)

Time periode:1957-2008 Not complete

reversibility

2. What is the contribution of ‘bottom-up’, ‘top-down’ and climatic changes in structuring the cladoceran community

Quantifying the relative effects of external forcing variables (VPA):

Lake Geneva Lake Annecy

‘Top-down’

‘Bottom-up’

Climate

Daphnia claw size Daphnia claw size

Phosphorous (Core)

Phosphorous (Water column)

(1957-2008)

1. Annual air temperature (HISTALP)

Size-selective predation hypothesis

(Brook &Dodson, 1965)

3. River inputs no major effects no changes in river OM inputs (pyrolyse rock-eval) 2. River discharge no major effects no changes in precipitations

(meteorological data) Lake Bourget

Daphnia claw size

Diatom-phosphorous

transfer function

(Wunsam & Schmidt, 1995)

2. What is the contribution of ‘bottom-up’, ‘top-down’ and climatic changes in structuring the cladoceran community

Lake Geneva

Lake Bourget Lake Annecy

Good

reversibility Irreversibility

Not complete reversibility

Phytoplankton composition, vertical P distribution and

climatic changes

Anneville et al., (2002)

Climatic changes, fish recruitment, oligotrophic status

Jeppesen et al., (2007); Jeppensen et al. (2003)

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2. What is the contribution of ‘bottom-up’, ‘top-down’ and climatic changes in structuring the cladoceran community

Lake Annecy

Irreversibility

Conclusion & perspectives

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Acknowledgements

H246E;+)%7('*+2-I/7(4,+2=-;J,%$2-1%&6'$F- K:63%,4(-<%L(2-3/-84,-3M"662,:-

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Fundings

Thank you for your attention

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

1820 1850 1880 1910 1940 1970 2000

W in te r [ Pt ot ]( ! gP .L

-1

)

C or e [P ] ( ! g. g

-1

)

Date Lake Annecy [P]cores

Winter [Ptot]

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

0,00 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04

1 880 1 910 1 940 1 970 2 000 W in te r [ Pt ot ] ( ! gP .L

-1

)

P flu x (g .c m

-2

.y

-1

)

Date Lake Bourget [P] cores

Winter [Ptot]

Nutrient inputs

1( '(-NO& P$

R- 1( '(-NO& P$

R- 1( '(-NO& P$

R- 1( '(-NO& P$

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