Parallel Linear Multigrid Algorithms Applied to the Acceleration of Compressible Flows
Texte intégral
(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Parallel linear multigrid algorithms applied to the acceleration of compressible flows G. Carré, S. Lanteri and L. Fournier. N° 3462 Juillet 1998 THÈME 4. ISSN 0249-6399. apport de recherche.
(3)
(4)
(5) ! " # $%$& '( )*$& "" +! -,!/.0 132547698:8:;=<?>A@525B%69CEDGF?8:HI<J6KCLMB(25NOKP8CHQF=8:< R'SUTVXWY[Z \^]_V[`Uacbedf]_gih!Wdjgikldm]cVn]_ofbedm]cgph q Wosr=osdmTVnWoutgiVnkUa_W v^Wo wAxsgeyzWd{\^]_h?`Uo |/bekUk}gpxsd q WxmWt~SUWxst~SUWh9pYi Z p`U]ca_a_WdiiZ i7kbeiWo Gp R'SUW7]_hdfWxmWozd(]_h`UhUosdmxm`Ut df`UxsW q VnWosSUWougixu&giVnkU`ldfbedf]_gihbpaa_`U] q r=hbpVn]cto % ( bpkUklac]_t:bedm]cgphUobpkUkKW:bexmodmgu KW&]_hUtxsW:bphUos]chlia_r[]cVnkKgixsdfbphd¡]_h¢dfSUW£]ch q `Uosdmxm]cbpaltgiVnV[`Uhl]_d¤rp¥ ¦¤h q `losdfxs]§beabpkUkUa_]ctbedf]_gihUo!xmW¨?`U]cxsWdfSUW©h?`UVnWxs]ctbpaom]_V[`Uacbedf]_gihªgptgiVnkUa_W v¬«g o ]Q¥®We¥¯dfSUW `Uh q Wxma°r=]chl±«g o!W v^SU]_ U]_d²a_g^tbpac]_³W q SU]_iS¬´ebpxm]cbedf]_gihUogp[kUSr=om]_t:bpa¨?`bphdf]°df]_Wo bpxsgi`Uh q gix ]°dfSU]_htgiVnkUacWv²iWgiVnW dfxm]_Wo¥ µ/hUozdfxs`Utdm`UxmW q VnWomSlWo(bpxsWkbpxsdm]ct`Uacbpxma°r&Waca"om`l]_dmW q dmgXdmSUWosW ¶ ]ch q oge^os]cV`Uacbedf]_gih q `UW¡dfg'dfSlW]_xbe U]ca_]°d¤r(]chbptt`UxmbedfWa_r q ]costxmW df]_³]_hU{tgiVnkUa_W vtgiVnkU`ld~b·df]_gihbpa q giVXbp]_hUo{bph q¹¸ dfgJdmSUW]_x/«UW v^]c l]ca_]_d¤r]ch q r=hbpVn]ctbpa_a_rxmWºUhU]chl#bph qq WxmW ºhU]_hU ¸ gpx q W gixmVn]_hU ¸ ]_h»gix q Wx¼dmg½VXbedft~S»dmSUW`Uh q Wxsa_r=]_hU¾«gW:bedm`UxmWo¥¿&gihltWxshU]_hU¾«gÀomgia°´iWxmo ¸ dfSlWVXbp]_h ¨?`UWozdf]_gihnbpkUkKW:bexmo"dfg{ KWAdfSUW£a§bpt ¶ gpUWÁXt]_WhUt r q WVngihUosdmxfbedmW q r`UhUozdfxs`Utdm`UxmW q VXWomS7osgia_´pWxso tgpVXkUbpxmW q dmgÂosdfxs`Utdm`UxmW q gphUWo¥ÄÃbphr»W ÁXt]_WhdVnW dfSUg q o q W ´iWa_gikKW q ]ch*dfSlWosdfxs`Utdm`UxmW q tgph?dmW v=d(bexmW[hlgpd{Wbpom]_a°r²Wv=dfWhlom]_ UacWdfg¼`lhUosdmxm`Ut df`UxsW q VnWosSUWo(beh q V[`lt~SxmWomW:bexmt~S£gix ¶ Sbpo riW d¢dfg }W q gihUW]_h½dmSU]co q ]cxsWt df]_gih¹¥ `Uxm]_hUdfSlW¼acbposd¢dmWh½rpW:bpxso ¸ osW´iWxfbpa&om`Ut~S
(6) £gix ¶ o¢Sb:´pW q WVXgphUosdmxfbedmW q dmSbedV[`la_dm]cixs] q kUxm]_hUt]ckUa_Wot:bphr=]cWa q xmgi U`losdbph q WÁXt]_Whd¡`lhUosdmxm`Ut df`UxsW q VnWosS omgpa_´pWxmo omWW[gixjW vlbpVnkUa_W¢Å"bpa_acWVXbph q±Æ Ç ÈpÉ_ÊÌË G Í ¸}Î g=gi U`Uo Æ Ç ÈpÉ_ÊÌË ·Í ¸ %bexmxmÏ Ë Í ¸ Ãb:´=xm]_kUac]_o Æ Ç ÈpÉ_ÊÌË ·Í°Ð Ë pÑ·Í°Ð Ë ^Í ¥(¦¤hdmSU]_o(xmWkKgixzd ¸ £W q Womtxs]c KW7gihUpgi]chl#xmWosW:bpxst~SÒbptdm]_´=]°df]_Wobp]_Vn]chUb·dudfSUW tgphUosdmxm`Ut df]_gih#gp"WÁXt]cWh?djbeh q xmgp U`Uosd&`UhUozdfxm`ltdf`lxmW q V`Ua_dm]cpxm] q omgia°´iWxmo%gix5tgiVnkUa_W v bph q «gÓos]cV`Ua§b·df]_gihUo¥£Ô&gpdmS!bpt:b q WVn]ctbph q ]_h q `Uozdfxm]cbpa"bposk}Wtdmo{bpxsW(tgihlom] q WxsW q ¥ Õ²Ö×EØsÙ¢Ú ·Ûp &giVnkUxmWomom]_ Ua_W¢«g o{Ð'Ü/b:´^]_WxÝÐz\=dmg ¶ Wo(W¨?`bedm]cgphUo/Ð µjhUosdmxm`Ut df`UxsW q VnWosSUWo{Рò`Ua°df]_ixs] q VnWdfSlg q o%Ð&wbexfbpa_acWaÞtgiVnkU`^df]_hU ßàáâÞàãAäpåæ æ ç&â"è éêIëAìësíÞî=é·ïÝðñè òñësísäGó¹ô^õeö ÷GäGæø öæå5ùè úGûGðýü%ã"þêÿðñúpè òñðñímìë üþ·ïzë. Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia Antipolis 2004, route des Lucioles, B.P. 93, 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex (France) Téléphone : 04 92 38 77 77 - International : +33 4 92 38 77 77 — Fax : 04 92 38 77 65 - International : +33 4 92 38 77 65.
(7) ! ² [# Ý$%$ '( # -$%$% $&! 70$& "" +!
(8)
(9) Å `ldf]_ac]_ofb·df]_gih q WnVXbp]_acacbpiWo[hUgih=Фosdmxm`Ut df`UxsÏoWh¾Ã²ÏtbphU]_¨=`lW q Woa_`U] q Wo[Ü/`^Ð VnÏxs]c¨?`UW Ã¡Ü Wozdbp`·yzgi`Ux q ®S?`U]`UhUW©gik^df]_gihacbpxsiWVnWhdb q gik^dfÏW©kbex!acbÂtgiVnV[`lhbp`ldmÏ ]_h q `Uozdfxm]_Wa_a_Wp¥ bphUo%tW q giVXbp]_hUW ¸ acWo bpkUkUa_]_t:bedm]cgihlo q ®]_hdfÏx d ]_h q `losdfxs]cWa q WVJbeh q Whd acb¢om]_V[`^Ð acbedf]_gih½h?`UVnÏxm]_¨=`lW q ®Ïtgi`lacWVXWhdfoXbp`ldmgi`Uxgi` ²a ]chdfÏxm]_W`Ux q W¼iÏgiVnÏdfxs]cWo¢tgpVXklacWvlWo 5tWo Ïtgi`Ua_WVnWhdmoosgihduWhiÏhUÏxfbpat:bpxmbptdmÏxs]cosÏo(kbpx q WgpxsdfWo{´ebpxm]cbedm]cgihlo{a_g^tbpacWo q Wou¨?`bphdf]°dfÏo kUSr=om]_¨?`UWoVng q Ïa_]cosÏWo¥ wgp`Ux¼tWo¼xmbp]_omgihUo ¸ acWo¼VnÏdmSUg q Wo q W q ]_omtxsÏdm]combedf]_gih*omkUbedf]cbpa_Wkbpx Ïa_ÏVnWh?dmouºhU]_ouhUgih=Фosdmxm`Ut df`UxsÏouosgihd(kbpxzdf]_t`Ua_]_TxmWVnWhd U]_Wh©b q bekldfÏWoube`^vos]cV`Uacbedf]_gihUouh?`^Ð VnÏxs]c¨?`UWojt]c lacÏWo¥£Å ®`lh q Wo bedmgi`ldfo&VJbGyzW`Uxso q Wo'VXbp]_acacbpiWo'hUgih^Ð osdmxm`Ut df`UxsÏo'xmÏom] q W q bphUo'a_Wo kKgiomos]c U]_a_]_dmÏo q WxfbeÁXhUWVnWhd q Ïxfb·ÁJhlWVnWhd q r=hbpVn]_¨=`lW¢Wd q W q ÏgixsVJb·df]_gih q behUo{a_W[tbpo q W t:beact`Uaco{]chUozd~bedm]cgphUhbp]_xmWo{WhVJbe]ca_a§beiWo/VXgp U]ca_Wo¥uwgi`Ux{tW[¨?`U]tgihltWxshUW¢a_Wo/t:bpxst:bedmÏxm]_osdm]c¨?`UWo q W'xsÏomgpac`ldm]cgph ¸ a§b(tgihUosdfbed~b·df]_gih7¨?`U]Uo ]_VXkKgiosW/be`eyzgi`Ux q ®S?`U]lWhUtgixmW'WosdAa_W'VJbehU¨?`UW q ®W ÁXt:bpt]_dmÏ q Wo/osgia_´pW`UxsouWh²VXbp]ca_acbpiWojhUgih=Фosdmxm`Ut df`UxsÏojtgiVnkbexmÏo Xa_W`lxmojSUgiVngia_gii`UWo/ozdfxm`ltdf`lxmÏo q ]_ozÐ txsÏdm]combedf]_gihkbpx q ] }ÏxsWhUtWo(ºhU]_ougi`´pgia_`UVnWouºhU]_o(Whpxm]_aca_W¢xmÏi`Ua_]cTxmW ¥\^gi`l´pWhd ¸Þq WouVnÏ Ð dfSlg q WoW ÁXt:bptWo q Ï ´iWacgiklk}ÏWo q bphlo`Uh3tgihdmW v=dfWJosdfxs`Utdm`UxmÏJhUW¼o ®Ï dfWh q Whd7kUbpoQbet]_acWVXWhd gp`kbpo q `Jdfgi`ld bp`tbpo q WuVXbp]_a_a§bppWo%hUgph^Фozdfxm`ltdf`lxmÏo!¥ {`#tgp`Uxmo q WutWo q ]°v q WxshU]_TxmWo bph^Ð hUÏWo ¸ kUa_`Uos]cW`UxmoAdfxmb´ebp`=v7gihd q ÏVXgph?dmxmÏ ¨?`UW acWoAosdfxmbedfÏi]_WoAV[`Ua°df]_ixs]ca_acW kKWxsVXW dmdmWhd q ®gp ldfWhU]cx q Woomgia°´iW`Uxmo5Wh7VXbp]_acacbpiWohUgih^Ð osdmxm`Ut df`UxsÏoA¨?`U]Uomgph?dAW ÁXt:bptWoAWdAxsgi U`UozdfWo ´igi]_xkbpxW v^WVnkUa_W Å"bpa_acWVJbeh qÒÆ ÇAÈpÉ_ÊÌË G Í ¸=Î g=gi U`lo Æ Ç¡ÈpÉ_ÊÌË ·Í ¸ %bpxsxmÏ Ë Í ¸ òb´=xs]ckUa_]_o Æ ÇAÈpÉ_ÊÌË ·Í°Ð Ë pÑGÍ_Ð Ë ^ Í ¥ bphlo&tW xfbekUk}gpxsd ¸ hUgp`Uo q Ïtxm]°´igihUo[hUgio(dfxmb´ebp`=v©xmÏtWhdmo q bphlotW q gpVJbe]chUW7´=]_ofbph"d !tgihUosdmxm`U]_xmW q Wo omgpa_´pW`UxsoXV`Ua°df]_ixm]_aca_Wkbpxmbpaca_Ta_WonkKgi`Ux¢a ®bpttÏa_Ïxfb·df]_gih q W#t:bpa_t`laco q Ïtgi`Ua_WVnWhdfoXtgpVXklacWvlWo Wd/ ¥ # Ú G Ø % $
(10) ± & tgi`lacWVXWhdfo¼tgiVnkUxmWomos]c Ua_WoXÐ & ¨?`b·df]_gihUo q W!Ü{b:´=]cWxzÐz\?dfg ¶ WoXÐ[òbp]ca_acbpiWo hUgih=Фosdmxm`Ut df`UxsÏo'Ð&òÏdmSUg q WojV[`Ua°df]_ixs]ca_acWuÐ&%bpa_t`lawbpxfbeaca_Ta_W.
(11) ÈsÈpÉ É§Æ É¹ÉEÆmÈ ^É Ç
(12) #ÈpÉ
(13) Ç !fÆ" #ɧÆ%$&'% ( ) 7"X$£ R'SUW!kUxmWomWh?dX£gix ¶ ]_ontgihUtWxshUW q ]_dmS±dfSlW q W´iWacgpkUVnWhd#bph q dmSUWW´ebpa_`bedf]_gih gp/kbpxfbeaca_Wa a_]chUWbpxV[`Ua°df]_ixm] q bpa_igixs]_dmSUVnogpx"dmSUW£bpttWa_Wxfb·df]_gih¢gpltgiVnkUxsWomos]c lacW%ozdfWb q r«g
(14) t:beact`Ua§b·df]_gihUo¥ ¦¤h7dfSUW£ºxmozdAkbpxsd¡gp9dfSU]_oxmWk}gixzd ¸ £W'g^t`Uo¡gi`lxAbedmdmWhdf]_gih7gih¢dmSUW%d¤&g·Ð q ]_VnWhUos]cgihUbpat:bposWp¥¡R'SlW osdfbpxsdm]chl¢k}gp]chd%tgihUos]cozdfo']_h#bphWvl]_osdm]chl¢«gosgia°´iWx£ SU]ct~S]_o& beomW q gph#bph#b:´iWxfbppW q gixsV ge dfSlW¢`Uaca¡Ü{b:´=]cWxzÐz\?dfg ¶ WoW¨?`bedm]cgihlotgi`UkUa_W q dfg!+b *-,/.¼dm`Uxm U`lacWhUtWnVng q Wa Ë :Íÿ¥[R'SUWnoskbedf]cbpa q ]_omtxmWdm]c³bedf]_gih¾tgiV[ l]chUWo[ºhU]°dfWJWa_WVnWhdnbeh q ºhl]_dmWJ´igpac`UVnWJtgihUtWkldmo7bph q ]co q Wos]cphUW q gph `UhUozdfxs`Utdm`UxmW q dfxs]§bphli`Uacbpx(VnWomSlWo¥#\=dfWb q rozd~bedmWJosgiac`^df]_gihUogp£dmSUWnxmWom`Ua°df]_hUosWVn] Ð q ]_omtxmWdmW W¨?`b·df]_gihUobpxsW¢gi ldfbp]chlW q r`Uos]chlbph & `UacWxu]_VXklac]_t]°d(df]_VnW7b q ´ebphUt]chl#osdfxmbedfWpr Sl]ct~S©Sbpo dfSlW&gia_acg ]_hUuW:bedm`UxmW1o 0 É EÆmÈ 32Èp Ç 4 bpklkUxmg:v^]cVXbedmW'ac]_hUWbpxm]_³:bedm]cgph7gpdfSUW'tgih´iWtdf]°´iW «`^v^Wo bph q W vlbpt d q ] }WxmWhdf]cbedf]_gih½ge&dfSlWX´=]_omtgp`UodmWxmVno 5¸ !~Æ ! Ç 467
(15) dfSlW¼ibetgi U]cbph3VJb·dfxm] v ]_oX UbpomW q gih±bºxmozdsФgpx q W-x 8(g q `UhUg´
(16) ost~SUWVnW bph q¬9É :mÈpÉ% Ç ¼;Æ Ç¤<Æ =!7
(17) ¾È !?>A@CB É_È ' b a_g^tbpaÞdf]_VXWosdmWk]_o{tgpVXkl`ldfW q gihWbpt~Stgph?dmxmgia"´igpac`UVnW ¥ & bpt~SkUomW` q gdf]_VnW[ozdfWkxsW¨?`U]_xmWo dfSlWuomgia_`ldm]cgih#geÞd¤&g7oskbpxmosWua_]chUWbpx%ozr^ozdfWVXo xmWosk}Wtdm]_´pWa°r ¸ gixAdfSUWuVnWbph«g¬´pbexm]cbp Ua_Wo'bph q gix&dmSUW(´ebpxm]cbp Ua_Wojbposomg=t]cbedfW q dmg7dfSUWudm`Uxm U`lacWhUtWVng q Wa !¥ V[`Ua°df]_ixm] q osdfxmbedfWpr r´pgia_`UVnW bpipacgiVnWxfbedm]cgih3]co]chdmxmg q `UtW q ]ch½gix q Wxdmgbpa_acggixbph¾W ÁXt]_Whd¢dfxsW:bedmVnWhd7gp%dmSUWosW¼d¤£g osr=ozdfWVno¥&R'SU]_o'V[`Ua°df]_ixs] q VnWdfSlg q ]_o' bpomW q gphdfSUW(`UosWgpVJbetxmgnWacWVXWhdfo VXbptxsg7tgihdmxmgia ´igpac`UVnWo d¤r=k}W7tgbpxsomW q ]_omtxmW df]_³:bedm]cgihlo(gpdfSUW[tgiVnkU`ldfbedf]_gihbea q gpVJbe]ch SUWxmW¢dmSUW¢kUxsgi Ua_WV ]_oJdfgÒ KWomgpa_´pW q gih dfSUW!ºhUWosdVnWomS¹¥\=dfbpxsdm]chUÒxmgiV dmSUWºhUWozdVnWosS ¸ Eb D¤ixmWW q =r Fd¤r=kKW tgibpxmosWhU]_hU
(18) bpa_igixs]_dmSUV]_obpkUklac]_W q dmg½iWhUWxmbedfWbp`ldfgpVJb·df]_t:bpa_a_rÂdmSUW²tgbpxsomW q ]costxmW df]_³:bedm]cgphUo osWWÅ"bpaca_WVXbph qÂÆ Ç&ÈpÉ_ÊÌË GÍ ¥ wbpxmbpa_acWac]_omV ]co¡]_hdfxsg q `ltW q ]_h¢dfSlW&g´iWxfbpa_a^«g omgpa_´pWx r[`lom]_hUb{osdmxfbedmWprdmSbed¡tgiV[ l]chUWo VnWosS
(19) kbpxsdm]_dm]cgphU]chldfWt~SUhU]_¨=`lWoXbph q b²VXWomombpiWkbeomom]_hUkUxsgiixmbpVnVX]_hUVng q WaQ¥R'SlWÃw¦ Wh´=]_xmgihUVnWh?d&]co5`UosW q gpx¡dfSUWj]cVnkUa_WVnWh?dfbedf]_gihJgpEdmSUW xmW¨?`U]_xmW q tgpVXV`UhU]_t:bedm]cgph¼osdmWkUo¥R'SU]_o VnW:bphloJdfSUbed¼ KgpdmS±dfSlW q ]_omtxmW dfW«`=vlWot:beact`Ua§b·df]_gih»bph q dfSlWa_]chUWbpxXosr=osdmWVno#omgia_`ldm]cgih bpxmW kKWxsgpxmVnW q gphbJos`U UVnWosS bpos]co }]_hkbpxzdf]_t`Uacbpx ¸ gix'dmSUW[ beom]_t[a_]chUWbpx{V`Ua°df]_ixm] q bpa_igixs]_dmSUV SU]_t~S¬]coV`Ua°df]_kUac]_t:b·df]°´iW ]Q¥®We¥ÓdfSUW q ] }WxsWhd#a_W´pWa_o²bexmW²dmxmWbedfW q ]ch*osW¨?`UWhltW ]_dmS*]chdmWxzÐ q Wk}Wh q Whlt]_Wo# KWd¤£WWh»dmSUW!kbpxsdm]§beajxsWos`Ua_dmo¼kUxsg q `UtW q gih±dmSUW q ] }WxsWhd#a_W´pWa_o ¸ dmSU]coXt:beh KW[´=]cW &W q beo(bph]_hdfxfbGФa_W´iWa¡kbpxmbpa_acWac]_³:bedm]cgph SU]_t~SÒtgihUtWhdfxmbedfWo(gihdfSUW[omVng^gedfSU]_hUozdfWklo kKWxsgpxmVnW q gihWbpt~S©VXWV[ KWxgpAdfSlW¢ixm] q SU]_Wxfbexmt~Sri¥ hUWtWomombpxsrbph q ]cVnkKgixsdfbphd(osdmWk©]_h dfSl]coAb q bpkld~b·df]_gih¢%beo¡dfSUW'tgihUosdmxm`Ut df]_gihXgp}bpkUkUxsgikUxm]cbedmW q bedfbuosdfxs`Utdm`UxmWo5gpxdfSUW q ]cozdfxs]c U`^df]_gih gp[tgbpxsomWÒixm] q tbpa_t`Uacbedf]_gihUoH ¥ G/WxmW ¸ dmSU]_oSbpo! KWWhMbpt~SU]_W´pW q r q W´pWa_gikU]_hU¬bÂkbpxfbeaca_Wa ´ebpxm]cbphd"gp=dfSUWAgixs]cp]chbea DÝixsWW q =r Fd¤r=k}WAtgibpxmosWhU]_hUubeacigpxm]°dfSUVª SU]ct~ShUg¾]_hUta_` q Wob qUq ]°df]_gihbpa tgpVXV`UhU]_t:bedm]cgph¼osdmWkUoAgixAb(tgpSUWxsWhd&tgihUozdfxm`ltdf]_gihJgp}dmSUW tgiVnV`UhU]_t:bedm]cgih q bedfbozdfxs`Utdm`UxmWo gihdfSUWkbexsdf]°df]_gihUW q tgbpxsomWixm] q o¥5R'SUWtgihlosdfxs`UtdmW q kbpxfbeaca_WaÞa_]chlW:bpxjV[`Ua°df]_ixs] q bpa_igixm]°dfSlV ]co W´ebpa_`bedmW q ]_h q Wdfbp]_aco%`lom]_hU¢d¤&g¢dmWozd t:bposWIo 0¡dmSUWuacbpVn]chbex£´=]costgi`lo «UgGbpxsgi`Uh q b J7KL=KM7MONP bp]_xsgi]_abph q dmSUW7df`Uxs U`Ua_Whd«UgGbpxmgi`lh q Rb Q7K7STP7P7MkUxsgpºa_Wp¥JÜ/`UVnWxs]ctbpa5bph q k}WxsgixsVXbphUtW â"âÀþUl÷çøå.
(20) Ê >AÈ"}Ê B¹ÈǤÆ"AÈ! B¡Ê @A 6IÆ" xmWom`Ua°dfoJbpxsW²kUxsWosWhdfW q bph q q ]_omt`lomomW q gix¢«g o¼tbpa_t`Uacbedf]_gihUondfSUbedXSb:´iW! }WWh kKWxzgixmVnW q gihb
(21)
(22) L
(23) K!Ã!¦zà osr=osdmWVbph q b !"$#&%')(* ,+# eÑiÑnòSU³(tac`UozdfWx SUWxmWdfSUW]_h?dmWxstgihUhlWtdm]cgph]_ojxsW:bpa_]_³W q dfSUxsgi`UiS!b.-/"S ",,!" ÑiÑXò U]°d ·o os ]°dft~S¹¥ R'SUWXomWtgih q kbpxsdge&dfSl]coxmWk}gpxsd]_otgihUtWxmhUW q ]°dfS©dfSUWn]_VnkUacWVnWhd~bedm]cgph
(24) bph q W´ebpa_`b·Ð df]_gihge5bkbpxfbeaca_Waac]_hUWbpxuV[`la_dm]cixs] q ozdfxmbedfWpr]_hdfSlW J01 J7K 2 3 Q]_h q `losdfxs]§bea% kbet ¶ beiWp¥ R'SU]_ojbptdm]_´=]°d¤r]co'os`UkUkKgixsdmW q ?r#bntgihUosgixsdm]c`UV tgihlom]_osdf]_hUJgp"dfSUxsWWWh q Ф`UosWxmojgp J0
(25) 1 J7K 23 Q 05476.8 ¸:9);:<>=5?A@ bph qCBD<>;:@5E:FHG ¥ J0
(26) 1 J7K 23 Q²]co q W q ]_t:b·dfW q dmg¼dfSlW[h?`UVnWxs]ctbpaos]cV`Ua§b·df]_gih gpjtgpVXklacWv
(27) dfSUxsWWÐ q ]_VnWhUos]cgihUbpa'tgiVnkUxsWosom]_ UacW!osdmW:b q r
(28) gix[dmxfbphUos]cWhdX«UgG o¥¾¦ dn]_o7t`UxsxmWhdma_r bp Ua_W[dmgtgiVnkU`^dfW¢acbpVn]chUbpxugixjdf`Uxs U`Ua_Whd(«g ouig´iWxmhUW q ?r²dfSUW¢Ü{b:´=]cWxzÐz\?dfg ¶ Wo(W¨?`b·df]_gihUo¥ R`Uxm U`lacWhUtWVng q Wa_a_]chU²]co bposW q gih½b *;,JIVng q WaA`Uom]_hU&bpa_a£acb: o¥#¦ dt:bph
(29) beacosgSbph q acW «g o]ch´igpa_´=]_hUgihUWXgixVngixmW q ] }WxmWhd¢t~SUWVX]_t:bea£osk}Wt]_Wo¥¼R'SUW¼ beom]_tJoskbedf]cbpaAbpklkUxmg:v^]cVXb·Ð df]_gih±VXW dfSUg q o¼bph q dm]cVnW]_hdfWixfbedm]cgph osdmxfbedmWi]_WobpxmW´iWxsr±om]_VX]_acbpxJdmg3dfSlgiomW q Wostxm]_ KW q ]_h dfSlWJkUxsW´=]_gi`Uo[kUbpxfbppxfbpkUSE¥Ã²gixsWg´iWx ¸ J01J7K 23 Q3]_o[be UacWndfg!om]_V[`la§bedmW¼`UhlosdfWb q rÒ«g ogph q W gixmVn]_hUnVXWomSUWo omWWÜ ¶ gihUbnbph q 8(`U]_acacbpx q©Ë eYeÍ ¥R'SUW(tgiVnkUa_WdmWomgp d¤&bpxmW(kUbpt ¶ bpiW(Sbpo KWWh3k}gpxsdfW q gihÒomW ´iWxfbpa q ]cozdfxs]c U`^dfW q VXWVngixsr3ò¦zà kbpxmbpaca_WaAozr^ozdfWVXo omWW¼Å"bphdmWxm]5bph q ÅÞgixm]_gpd Ë KÍ ¥R'SlW7k}gpdmWhdf]cbpa_]_d¤rgpdfSUW7V`Ua°df]_ixm] q bpkUkUxsgbpt~S ]_aca¡ KW7]_aca_`UosdmxfbedmW q gihosW´iWxfbpa xmWkUxmWomWh?dfbedf]°´iWdfWosd/t:bposWo¥ R'SUW#xmWVXbp]chl]chUgejdmSUWxsWkKgixsd7SUbpo[dfSlW¼gia_acg ]_hUosdmxm`Ut df`UxsEW 0JosWtdm]cgph !]co7tgihUtWxmhUW q ]°dfSdfSlWuVXbedfSUWVXbedf]_t:bpaKgixmV`Uacbedf]_gihgpÞdmSUW{klxmgi Ua_WV ]_hdfSUW{d¤£geÐ q ]cVnWhUom]_gihbpa}t:bposWbph q ]°dfo q ]_omtxmWdm]c³bedf]_gihÒ]ch©oskbptWXbph q df]_VXW "omWtdm]cgihÒ q Womtxs]c KWo(dmSUW7ac]_hUWbpx(V[`Ua°df]_ixs] q bpa_igixm]°dfSlV omWtdm]cgih¼Y[]_o q W ´igpdmW q dmgdfSlW/kbexfbpa_acWac]_³:b·df]_gih#bposk}Wtdfo ^osWt df]_giLh KklxmWosWhdfo%bph q¼q ]cost`UosomWo'h?`^Ð VnWxs]ctbpaEbeh q kKWxsgpxmVXbphUtW{xmWom`Ua°dfo&`Uom]_hU[d¤£g7bptb q WVn]_t{dfWosd&t:bposWo'bpxsgi`Uh q bp]_xsgi]_aco ^osWt df]_gih q Womtxm]_ }Wo¢dfSUWXW v=dmWhUos]cgih
(30) ge%dfSUWJkUxmWomWh?d[&gix ¶ dfgdmSUWJos]cV`Uacbedf]_gih
(31) gp%dmSUxmWW Ð q ]cVnWhUom]_gihbpa «g o(`Uos]chUdmSUW J01J7K 23 Q]ch q `Uosdmxm]cbpaA% kUbpt ¶ bpiW EºhUbpaca°r 5¸ M¼q xfb: ouosgiVnW7tgihUtac`lom]_gih bph q `ldm`UxmW(£gix ¶ o¥ (# $% J#
(32) !7 P ( %#X N O Y. QSRUT. VXWZY,[]\_^`WZY,acb$Wedf^`gihj\_d. ¤¦ hÂdfSU]_oJosWt df]_gih±£WtgihUtWhdfxfb·dfW!gi`UxXbedmdmWhdf]_gih±gih dmSUW#d¤&g·Ð q ]_VnWhUos]cgihUbpa/tbpomWe¥lk3W²tgih^Ð om] q Wx&dfSUW/tgiVnkUa_WdmWutgpVXklxmWosom]_ Ua_WÜ/b:´^]_WxÝÐz\=dmg ¶ Wo'W¨?`bedm]cgphUo%tgp`UkUa_W q ]°dfS#bd¤£geÐ W¨?`bedm]cgihlo df`lxm U`Ua_WhltWnVng q Waÿ¥mk¬SUWh©dmSUW7tgpVXklxmWosom]_ Ua_WX«g ]coudm`Uxm l`UacWhd ¸ bphÒb:´iWxfbpiW q gixmVÀgpAdfSUW Ü{b:´=]_WxzÐÝ\=dfg ¶ Wo[W¨?`bedm]cgihlo¢]cot~SUgiosWh¹¥!¦¤h½dmSbedt:bposW ¸ dmSUW9b:´=xmWJb´pWxmbpiWo¢bpxmWX`UomW q gixdfSUW ]_hUosdfbphd~bphUWgi`Uo&´ebpxs]§be UacWo£Wv^tWk^d%gixdfSUW/kUxmWomos`UxmW(beh q dmSUW q WhUom]°d¤rXgix SU]ct~SdmSUW/|jW r^hlgia q o b:´iWxfbpiWobpxsW²`lomW q ]chlosdfWb q ¥*R'SUW²| Wr=hUgia q o¼ozdfxsWomo ¸ SU]_t~S*bpkUkKW:bpxso¼b· dfWxndfSlW²ozd~bedm]cozdf]_t:bpa dfxsW:bedmVnWhdgp/dfSUW²W¨?`bedm]cgphUo ¸ ]_oJVng q Wa_a_W q `Uos]chl3dfSlWÔ&gi`lomom]_hUWom¨±bpomos`UVnkldf]_gih dfSUW!acbedsÐ àáâÞàã.
(33) È sÈpÉ É§Æ É¹ÉEÆmÈ ^É Ç
(34) #ÈpÉ
(35) Ç !fÆ" #ɧÆ%$&'% K dfWx[]_h´igia°´iWonbph½W qUq rÒ´^]_omtgiom]°d¤r½dmWxsV q WºhUW q r½b!acWhUpdmS¾omtbpacWJ SU]ct~S
(36) ]_o[xsWacbedfW q dfg!dfSUW q ]_omos]ckb·df]_gihnxfbedmW I bph q dfgub{´iWa_g=t]°d¤r7omtbpacW * ¥¡¦¤h7gix q WxdfgutacgiosW%dfSUW&osr=osdmWVbph q7q WdmWxzÐ Vn]chlWndmSUW7df`Uxs U`Ua_Whd¨=`Ubphdf]°df]_Wo ¸ d¤&g²b qUq ]_dm]cgihUbpa¡dfxmbphUomkKgixzdW¨?`bedm]cgihlo ¸ ]chU]°df]cbpa_a_r q Womtxm]_ }W q r²Åbe`Uh q Wxubph q \^kbpa q ]_hU Ë M ÍhUWW q dmg¼ KWosgia_´pW q ¥jR'SUWomW¢W¨=`Ubedf]_gihUo/t:bph KW xm]°dmdfWh ¸ ]chb q ]°´iWxmiWhUtWgixmV ¸ bpo 0 . .
(37) . . .
(38) . . . . . . . . . "#$ !. . . . . &$ % . . SUWxmW 0 ]codfSlW ´pWt dfgixAgp}tgihlomWxz´ebedf]°´iW ´ebpxm]cbp Ua_Wo SU]_acW dfSlWtgih´iWtdf]°´iW«`^v^Wo 0 ) *,+-.+-/. 01. :<;. 01 ;. 1. 3 1 1. 1. 1 354 1 . 1 12 . * 3. ]°dfS. I 3. 1 ;. 1. +> ? ;. 1 12 . =. 354. 0.
(39) . I. bph q. 01 1. 356 1. 354 6. ;. A B 354 6 7C8 8 4 DA * 354. ;. 356 798 1. 1. 1 ; ;. 1 ; ;. +E? F ;. "#. ('. ;. 8. 354@. ; ;. :<;. 354. ;. . . ; ; ; ; ;. 3 6 @ 5 A D 7C8 8 6 BA * 356 1 12. =. 356. q WhUgpdfW. :<; 8. 1 .
(40) . ; ; =. I. GHH HH HH HH H HH H. I HHH HH HJ. ,. ML. AK 7. 3ON . P. AQRAS. O 3 N 3 4 @ P. T. 6 @ . 3. *. *. 3. À ]°dfS , , ¦¤h dmSUW²bp }g´pW!W¨?`bedf]_gihUo ¸ ]_o7dfSUW#«`l] q q Whlom]°d¤r ¸ beh q bpxmW#dmSUW bph q ´pWa_g^t]_d¤r tgpVXkKgihUWhdfo bph q xsWomkKWt df]°´iWa_r q WhUgpdfW dfSlW dmgpd~beaUWhUWxmprXbeh q dmSUW ]chdmWxmhUbpaWhUWxmprnkKWx `UhU]°dgp&´pgiac`lVXW ]codfSUWXkUxsWomos`UxmWe¥#R'SUWXa§bpVn]_hbpx(´=]costgi`lo«`^v^Wo bph q bpxmW i]°´iWh Er 0 7. 7. Q . VU. 3. *. UB. P. . 3. W7. T ML. . 4. . . 6. N. Q. X. A Q. 01 1 1. Z\[][ 1. Z^[]_. 1 1 . â"âÀþUl÷çøå. . 1. 01 ;. 1. 4 12. 1. 1. 1. Z^[][. ;. a a. I . 1. Z^_/_. 1 ; ;. 1 ;. + "# ;. =. ;. 1 . ;. Z^[]_. ; ;. . : ;. 1. ;. 6 ^ Z []_ [ V` *. . 1. ;. . Y. : ; Y. 1. . . 4 12. 1. 1. 1. Z^[]_. ; ; ; ; ;. . ;. 6 ^ Z _/_ _ (` * a a. I . ; ; ; =. ;.
(41) Ê A> È"}Ê ¹B ÈǤÆ"AÈ! ¡B Ê. SUWxmW 0. GHH HH L HH H. [ `. I HJ. . `. bph q. . 1 1 1 1 ". Z ] [ [ 4. 1 1 1. . RU. . 01 1. . . 1 ;. 1. [ ;. + ; ;. 1. . Z ] [ _ 4. 1 1 . ;. 1 1 12. ;. I . 1 ;. ; ; ; ;. 6 Z < _ _ *. . . . . . . =. ;. Z ] [ _ Z _<_. 1 ;. : ;. Y. ; `. 0. 1 ;. . 0. `. ; ; _ ; ; ; ; ;. I =. GHH HH L HH HHJ. [ `. N. `. h!dmSUWgpdfSUWx'Sbph q I. . HH. a. Z HHJ Z. '. . . 4 4. . . ". N . . . . . * . VU. . * . VU. . 0. GHH HH. _. . L. ]_hbpa_a_r. * . a. ;. . I. . . ;. 6 Z ] [ _ *. 12. SUWxmW. N. VU. : ;. Z ] [ [ Z []_. 1. 1. a. . . Y. 1. 1. . a. ozd~bph q gix%dmSUW(df`Uxs U`Ua_Whdj´^]_omtgi`Uo «`^v^Wo. "# 01. . _. . * . N. a. L. SU]_acW. IÆ. @A 6 ". . . 4 . . . 4 . . . . P. ,. . a. T. 4. P 4. ,. . . . T . ]°dfS.
(42) . 4. . 4. bph q. 01 Y. : ;. 1. Y ;. 1 Y. 1 1 '. 1 . 1. U. 12. `. 6. *. I. ,. , 3. 3. ; ; ;. I I. ,. 0. ;. 1 1. @ .
(43) . ]_ojb7omgi`UxstW(dfWxmV ]_h´igia°´=]chl¼dfSUWkUxsg q `Utdm]cgih#dmWxmV . 4. ; ; . `. . 3. ;. *. I. ; @ =. àáâÞàã.
(44) È sÈpÉ É§Æ É¹ÉEÆmÈ ^É Ç
(45) #ÈpÉ
(46) Ç !fÆ" #ɧÆ%$&'% SUWxmW 0 M. GHH HH HH HH H. I HHHJ. *
(47) ,. . . . P. ,. . ` C . T. Y. +. Y. `. 3 ]4. . 4. a . 3. . +. a . . . +. . . a . . `. 4. `. @ +. . .
(48) . . T . . +. 5P. .
(49) . P 4. ,. 3 ]4. . . 4 T. +. . . a. ¤¦ h±dmSUWbe }g´iW´iWtdmgixmo ¸ bph q xmWomkKWtdm]_´pWa°r»xsWkUxsWomWhd¼dfSlW²acbpVn]chUbpx¼beh q dm`Uxm l`UacWhd osdmxmWomo£dmWhUosgixmo ¸ ]coAdfSlWjVngia_Wt`Uacbpx£´=]_omtgpom]°d¤rbph q }dfSUW df`lxm U`Ua_Whd£W qUq rX´=]_omtgiom]°d¤r Abph q q WhUgedfW'dfSUW acbpVn]chUbpx5bph q df`Uxs U`Ua_Whd%| Wr=hUgpa q o5h?`UV[ KWxso £bph q q WhUgpdmW dmSUW a§beVX]_hbpx bph q df`Uxs U`Ua_Whd(wxmbph q dmah?`UV }Wxmoj SU]ct~SbpxmWxmWomkKWtdm]_´pWa°rW¨?`bpa"dfg bph q
(50) ¸ bph q ]co dfSlWxfbedm]cg²gp omkKWt]_ºUt#SUW:bedmo[gp'dmSUW¼«`l] q ]_o¢tgiVnkU`ldfW q xmgiV dmSUW\^`ldmSUWxsa§beh q a§b: bph q * ¥R'SUW¡dm`Uxm l`UacWhUtW5Vng q Wai]_oÞ`UomW q ]_htgih·yz`UhUtdm]cgph ]°dfS&bpacae`UhUtdm]cgphUo Ë pÍ q W q `UtW q I xmgpV kUSr=om]_t:beaÞtgihUos] q Wxfb·df]_gihUo¥5¦¤h#Qbptd ¸ dmSUW(kUxmW ´=]cgi`lo dm`Uxm l`UacWhUtWW¨=`Ubedf]_gihUo bpxsWugihUa°r¼´ebpa_] q gixjSU]_iS^ÐÝ| Wr=hUgpa q o{h=`lV[ KWx(xmWi]_gihUo¥/R'SUW¢`Uos`bpaosdfxmbedfWpr!]co/dfg¼a_g=t:bedmWdfSlW¢ }gp`Uh q bpxzr Âge dfSlWjtgiVnkU`ldfbedf]_gihbpa q giVXbp]_hJ`Uk7dmgb(osVJbeaca q ]_osdfbphUtW
(51) b:&b:r¢xmgiV dfSUW'&bpa_a]ch7dfSlW dm`Uxm l`UacWhd xmWi]_gih QbpxzÐI%beaca¹³gihUW ¸ SU]_t~Si]°´iWojd¤£gXk}gios]_dm]_´pW ]cxs]ct~SUa_Wd/tgph q ]°df]_gihUo gi&x *#bph q I 0 I"
(52) # * * ! ÅÞWd $, % beh q $, xmWomkKWt df]°´iWa°r q WhUgpdmW{dfSUW/hUgixsVJbeaEbph q d~bphUpWhdf]cbpa9´iWt dfgix%bed'bphrJk}gp]chd%ge dfSlW&bpa_&a ¥5R'SlW Kgi`Uh q bpxsrtgih q ]_dm]cgihlojgph!dmSUW }g q r#bexmWW v^kUxsWomosW q xsgiV 0 Øb7oma_]ck²tgih q ]_dm]cgih ¸ bpkUkUa_]cW q dmg7dfSUWhUgixsVXbpa¹´iWacg=t]°d¤r 0 $, ' $, % ¸ Ø!dfSUW©d~behUiWhdm]§bpa(tgiVnk}gphUWhdgedmSUW3osSUW:bex²ozdfxmWomo! SU]ct~SM]co q W q `UtW q xmgiV dfSUWxm]_tdm]cgph ´pWa_g^t]_d¤r SUWxsW 0 Z. Z. . a . a. . . ,. Y. P. a. a . 3. @. >`. 4. 4. a. . 4@. +. . . 4. +. . `. . . Z . . 354.@. GHH HH. $, ' $,. HH HHJ.
(53) 3 a. ]° (. 4 @. . . .
(54). Y. . a. 3K4. )
(55) * .
(56) 1 -+ ,/. 0 324 gpdfSlWxs ]_omW SUWxmWdfSUWtgihUosdfbphdfo + bph q 2 bexmWomW djdmg + 5 bph q 2 76
(57) 8 6 ¥ . I. . 4. . . 3. 4. D. a. . â"âÀþUl÷çøå. Y. . E. Y. L.
(58) Ê A> È"}Ê ¹B ÈǤÆ"AÈ! ¡B Ê jWZY,acW. QSR Q. d hAab,\ Y,a WZY,acg . IÆ. @A 6 ". ^`\ Y,[]gih . R'SUWXomkb·df]cbpa5bpkUkUxsgv^]_VXbedf]_gihÒ]cob!tgiV[ l]chb·df]_gih½gp& }gedfS©ºhU]°dfWn´igia_`UVnW¼beh q ºhl]_dmWJWacWVXWhd VnWdmSUg q o¥(R'SUW7tgiVnkU`ld~b·df]_gihbpa q giVXbp]_h ]co(beomom`lVXW q dmg KW7b¼ Kgi`Uh q W q k}gpa_r=igih©beh q £W ]_h?dmxmg q `UtWdmSUW(gia_acg ]_hU q WºhU]°df]_gihUo 0
(59) ]_ojb7dmxm]cbphUi`la§bedm]cgph!ge ¸ %
(60) ]_o'dfSUW(dfged~bpa¹h?`UV }Wx/ge´pWxsdm]ctWo/]ch
(61) ¸ v gpKdfxs]§bphliacW ]_o5dmSUWjw'jºhl]_dmW/WacWVXWhd& beom]_o5`Uhltdf]_gih¼bpomosg^t]§bedmW q ]_dmSJdmSUW'´iWxzdfW ¥ ¸ tbpa_acW q dmSUW q `bpaEVXWomS!gp
(62) bph q VXb q W k½W q Wxm]°´iWb¢hUW MºhU]°dfWu´pgia_`UVnWkUbpxsdm]_dm]cgihgp gpdfSUWtgihdfxmgpa¹´igia_`UVnWo 2 bpxmgi`lh q W:bpt~S!´iWxzdfWv omWW]_U¥' ¥ '. Z. '. Z. Z. '. j G1 I. i. G2. ]ci`lxmW70£&gihdfxsgia¹´igpac`UVnW 2 R'SUW©omkb·df]cbpa q ]_omtxmWdm]c³bedf]_gihgp & ¨9¥ ©]_o q Wxs]_´pW q xmgiV dfSUWtgiV[ U]_hbedm]cgphgpb¾ºhU]°dfW ´igpac`UVnW(ost~SUWVnWbpkUkUa_]cW q dfg[dmSUW(tgih´pWtdm]_´pWdmWxsVXo beh q b[ºhU]°dfW(WacWVXWhd/ost~SUWVnWbpkUklac]_W q dfg dfSlW q ] E`Uos]_´pWnbph q osgi`UxmtW[dfWxmVno¥(R'SlWgixsWdf]_t:beakUxsg^gpo/gpdfSlW¢tgiVnkb·df]_ U]ca_]°d¤r KWd¤£WWhdmSUWosW d¤£ggixmV`Uacbedf]_gihUot:bph¾ KWngi`Uh q ]_h
(63) Ã!Wx Ë i ·Íÿ¥R'SUWosWVn]°Ð q ]_omtxsWdmWosr=osdmWV ¸ xmWom`Ua°df]_hUxsgiV dfSlWbekUkUa_]ctbedf]_gih!gpdmSUW 8xsWWh^Ð osdmxmgipxfb q o ¶ r o gixmV`Ua§b ¸ t:bph! KW xs]_dsdfWhbpo 0. àáâÞàã.
(64) ÈsÈpÉ É§Æ É¹ÉEÆmÈ ^É Ç
(65) #ÈpÉ
(66) Ç !fÆ" #ɧÆ%$&'% bpxmWb 2
(67) ( . . . . F. . . [. . .
(68) . ? . _ . $, , $ , $, SUWxmW
(69) ( ( , ¥(\^gpa_´=]_hU dfSUW q ]costxsWdfW[osr=osdmWV tgihUom]_osdmo(]ch²ºh q ]_hU ¸ b·d{Wbpt~S hUW dm]cVnW7a_W´pWa ( ¸ dmSUW[´iWtdmgix ( `Uos]chl & ¨9¥J SlWxmW¢dmSUW[gia_a_gG ]_hUbpklkUxmg:v^]cVXbedm]cgph VnWdmSUg q o/bexmW`UomW q 0 ="pÆ¼È ! : ~ÆXǤ"Æ " bpxmWJt:bpa_t`UacbedmW q gih3W:bpt~S¾dmxm]cbphUia_WX`Uom]_hUb!tacbpomos]ctbpa%w'Ð 8bpa_Wx ¶ ]_h tWh?dmWxsW q9 gixmV`Uacbedf]_gih ¸ pÆ Ç pÆ%Ǥ"Æ 0ÞdfSUW&«U`^v¢ KWd¤£WWh7d¤&g(hUW]cpS= Kgixs]chU(tgihdfxsgia=´pgia_`UVnWo 2 bph q 2 ¸ ]co tbpact`UacbedfW q dmSUxmgi`liS#dfSUW(]_hdfWxzQbptW 2 omWW]cU¥5 `Uom]_hUJbph`Uk ]ch q ºhl]_dmW´pgia_`UVnW gixsV[`Uacbedm]cgihE¥ÒR'SlW#tgihdfxs]c l`ldf]_gih¾gix¢VnWomS
(70) ´iWxsdfWv ]_o¢gi ldfbp]chlW q r¾om`lVXVn]_hUdfSUW WacWVXWhd~bpxzr#«`^v^Wojt:bpa_t`la§bedmW q ]_dmSbpa_aÞhUW]ciS? Kgixmo 0 $,
(71) $$, #
(72) $,
(73) Y "% '& "! SUWxmW 0 $, ( )
(74) tgixmxsWosk}gih q o'dfgXomgia_] q bph q QbpxzºWa q }gi`lh q bpxs]cWo 23 ]_o'2 dfSU
(75) W* omW 2 dj gp,hl+W]_i S? }.gi- xs ]c 0hl/X1 ´p+ -W xs dm]ctWoj 2df/ g #,$ $4, # ]co'dfSlWhlgixmVXbpaE´pWt dfgix dfg7dfSlW]_hdfWxsQbptW 2 . gix&dfSlW(VXWbph«gª´pbexm]cbp Ua_Wo ¸ dmSUWu«`^v¼dfSUxsgi`UiSdmSUW 2 ]_hdfWxsQbptW]_o%tbpact`UacbedfW q `Uos]chl | g^W ®o Ë KGÍÞh?`UVnWxm]_t:bea"«U`^v`UhUt df]_gih 0 $$, # 6587 9 #,$ . â"âÀþ Ul÷çøå . ,. . . . . . . . . '. . . . . "#. . . . . . . . . . "#. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? . + C. . . +. . . . + S. GHH HH HH HH. . H H. HH HJ. HH. . . . I HHH. + C. . . '. K ". . . . . [. K "#. . . _. +. +]. @. . . . . +. . . . ". + . +. .
(76) Ê A> È"}Ê ¹B ÈǤÆ"AÈ! ¡B Ê. Ñ . . @. $, # - $, # . IÆ. @A 6 ". . . @. ]_i`UxsW 0A¦¤hdfWxzQbptW 2 so Wkbpxmbedf]_hUn´iWxsdf]_tWo bph q . SUWxmW:beo[dfSUWX«`^v q W´pWa_gikKW q ]_h Ë :eÍ&]_o[`lomW q gpxdmSUWJdm`Uxm U`lacWh?d[´pbexm]cbp Ua_Wo¥²R'SU]_o«`^v½Sbpo ºxsosd5 }WWhJ]chdfxsg q `UtW q gixosgia°´^]_hUt~SUWVn]_t:bpa_a_rXxsW:bpt df]°´iW/|j]_WVXbphUhXkUxsgi Ua_WVno&beh q SUbpoAkUxmg´iW q dfgÒkUxsWomWxs´pWdfSUW!kKgiom]°df]°´=]_d¤r gp{W:bpt~S±tgiVnkKgihUWhd¥¬]chUbpaca°r ¸ dfSUW\=dmWiWx¼bph q k½bpxmVn]_hU Ë p·Í h?`UVnWxs]ctbpa}«`=v¼`Uhltdf]_gih]_o&`lomW q b·d£dmSUW/QbpxzºWa q Kgi`Uh q bpxm]_Wo ?dfg[ }WjVngixmW/kUxmWt]_omW ¸ `Uk ]ch q Ð ]_hU3]_on`UomW q ]_h±tgiheyz`UhUt df]_gih± ]°dfS±b©i]_´pWh±`UhU]°gixmV ozd~bedmW SU]ct~S ]conom`lkUk}gpomW q dfg© }W xmWkUxmWomWh?dfbedf]°´iWgpdfSUW(«g¿bed'dmSUWosW Kgi`Uh q bpxm]_Wo¥ R'SUWbp Kg´iW²h=`lVXWxm]_t:bpaj«`^v±]_h?dmWixmbedf]_gih»]_o¼gphUa_rºxsosd¼gix q Wx¼bett`lxfbedmWp¥M\^Wtgih q gix q Wx omkUbedf]cbpabptt`Uxmbptru]co"bpt~Sl]cW ´iW q r(`Uom]_hU/bph(W v=dmWhUos]cgihgp?´ebphÅ"WWx ®o Ë ppÍ?õu\U%ÅXdfWt~SlhU]c¨?`UWAdfg `UhUozdfxs`Utdm`UxmW q VnWosSUWo ·dmSU]_o"bpkUkUxsgbpt~StgihUos]cozdfo"]_hbekUkUa°r^]_hU/b%kU]_WtW ]cosW&a_]chlW:bpxÞ]_hdfWxsk}gpa§bedm]cgph dfg7gp ld~bp]_h#dfSUW(ozd~bedmWo bph q bed%dfSlW(]chdfWxsQbptW }W d¤&WWhtgihdfxsgia}´pgiac`lVXWo 2 beh q 2 0 K ,:, $ ,9, $ . ,:, $ , , $ . . , . SUWxmW * . Z ]_h²gedfSUWx%&gix q o ¸ dmSUW]chdmWxmkKgiacbedf]_gih]_ojkKWxzgixmVnW q gih¼dmSUW{klS?,"r=,6os]c,6t, bp$ aE´ebpxm]cbp Ua_Wo£]chlosdfWb q gp¹dmSUW{tgihUosWxs´ebedm]_´pWu´ebpxm]cbp Ua_Wo¥R'SUW(bpkUklxmg:v^]cVXbedmWuhUg q bpa ixmb q ]_Whd ]_oJgi ^d~bp]_hUW q r b:´pWxfbei]chl½dfSUW 8bpacWx ¶ ]_h ixmb q ]_WhdfoJtgiVnkU`ldmW q gph±Wbpt~S dfxs]§behUia_Wge 2 0 ,,6,6, $ ( $, ,, $ bpxsW:b ,:, $ $, . p b s x : W b. . 2 ' R'SUWtgihUozdfxs`Utdm]cgih²i]°´iWh² r & ¨9¥ KGФ xmWom`Ua°dfoj]_hbnSbpa°ÌФ`Uk ]_h q xmgiVnV¢Ð¤a_] ¶ W omt~SlWVnW SU]_t~S¾]_ooskbedm]§bpa_a°r©omWtgih q gpx q Wxbett`lxfbedmWJ U`^dVXb:r©kUxsWomWhd¢omkl`Uxm]_gi`Uogiomt]ca_acbedf]_gihUo]ch©dfSUW omgpac`ldm]cgphUo ¸ W v^kUxsWomos]chl(b'acgioso"gp=VXgphUgpdfgph?rp¥ hUW¡&b:r(dfg t]_xmt`UV´pWhddmSU]co"kUxsgi Ua_WVÓ]_o¹dfg VXb ¶ W àáâÞàã . . . . . . . +. 3. . . +. 4. . . . 6. . +. P. A Q. +. . +. . . . . P. #. +. . . . . . . . . . . T. . . . $.
(77) È sÈpÉ É§Æ É¹ÉEÆmÈ ^É Ç
(78) #ÈpÉ
(79) Ç !fÆ" #ɧÆ%$&'% i b'tgiVnkUxsgiVn]cosW£ KWd¤£WWhdmSUW¡ºxmozdgix q WxÞomt~SUWVnW%bph q dmSUWAomWtgih q gix q WxÞgihUWA rbpklkUa_r=]_hUjoma_gik}W a_]cVn]°d~bedm]cgih½kUxmg=tW q `UxmWo¥ k½WJxmWWxdmgW³gi`U]£bph q
(80) Wxs´=]_W`^v Ë Y?Í5gixb q W d~bp]_a_W q
(81) q Womtxs]ck^df]_gih gpdmSUWnbpkUkUa_]_t:bedm]cgihgeAomW´pWxmbpaac]_Vn]_dfbedf]_gihkUxsg^tW q `lxmWo(]_hdfSlW¢tgihdmW v=dgpdfSUW[kUxmWomWhdºhU]°dfW Wa_WVnWh?d ·ºhU]°dfW´igia_`UVnW[õu\U%Å3VXW dfSUg q ¥ QSR. . ac^. \. a. . Y,\ WY,a g . ¦ du]_o{£Wa_a ¶ hUg hdfSb·d(b¼ia_gi beaÜjW'dfgph]_dmWxfb·df]_gihosdfbpxsdm]chl¼xmgiVÀbpxs U]°dfxfbexsr²]chU]°df]cbpa_]c³bedf]_gihUo t:behUhUgpd£ }W{bpkUkUa_]_W q dmg[tgpVXklxmWosom]_ Ua_W{«g o¥A¦¤h¼gpx q Wx5dmg¢bpkUklxmgbpt~SJdfSUWjtgih´pWxmpWhUtW q giVXbp]_h gp"b Vng q ]_ºUW q9 Ü/W'dmgih]°dfWxfbedm]cgih ¸ bph & `lacWx&]_VXklac]_t]°d%df]_VnWub q ´pbehUt]_hU¢]_o&tgihUosdmxm`Ut dfW q ]_dmS dfSlWgpaca_g ]chUnW:b·df`UxsWo osWW9W³gi`l]Þbph q \=dfgp` XWd Ë K·Í 0 Ø É EÆmÈ 32ÈpÇ 4 0WvltWkld'gpx&dfSUW(klxmg q `Utdm]cgph#kbpxsd%]ch#dfSlWuomgi`lxmtWudmWxsV ¸ dfSUW(a_]chlW:bpxs]c³bedf]_gih]co gi ^d~bp]_hUW q ?rnxsWW³]chl¢dfSUWuibptgi l]§bph¼]ch¼|jg=W o£«`=v q ] }WxmWhUtW{omkUa_]_dsdf]_hU[gix5tgph?´pWt df]°´iW dmWxmVno ¸ bph q rW vlbptd q ] }WxsWhdf]cbedm]cgih7ge q ] }`Uos]cgihnbeh q omgp`UxmtW%dfWxsVno¥ /acosg ¸ dfSlW&df`Uxs U`^Ð a_Whd'´=]costgios]_d¤r ]_o%xmgp³WhosgndmSbed%dmSUW *bph q .´ebpxm]cbp Ua_Wo bpxsW(tgi`lkUacW q dmg7W:bpt~SgpdmSUWx U`^dA`UhUtgp`UkUa_W q xmgiV dfSUW&VXWbph7«g±´ebpxs]§be UacWo¥A&gphUtWxmhU]_hUdfSUW%&bpa_al`UhUt df]_gihUo ¸ KgpdfS osac]_kbeh q osSUW:bexjozdfxsWomojtgph q ]°df]_gihUo/bpxmW(a_]chlW:bpxs]c³W qÞË pÍ! Ø !fÆ ! Ç 467
(82) 0!]_dX]_oJkKWxzgixmVnW q rÂ`Uom]_hU©ºxmozd¼gix q Wx 8(g q `UhUg´Âomt~SUWVnW KWt:be`UomW!]_d ]_oXdmxm] q ]cbpigihbea']ch beh q KWdsdfWxXtgph q ]°df]_gihUW q dfSbeh±dfSlW²osWtgph q gix q WxngihUW ¸ SU]_t~S `UxzdfSUWxmVngixsWklxmg q `UtWo/acbpxsiWx'VXbedmxm] v bph q ] q dmSUo kKWhd~b q ]§bppgihbpa¹]_hÒ ( Ø 9É :mÈpÉ¡ Ç ¼Æ ÇÝ<Æ =!7
(83) È ! >A@CB¬É_È ' 0b#acg=t:beadf]_VnWXozdfWk3]_otgiVnkU`ldmW q gih©W:bpt~S3tWaca¡xsgiV dmSUW(&gi`lxfbphd£h=`lV[ KWx q WhUgedfW q ?r Dz%¡Å Fj]chXdfSUW/omW¨?`UWa ¥AR'SUW%¡Åh?`UV }Wx%t:bphJ }W gix']_hUozd~bphUtW[beh!]_hUtxmW:beom]_hUJ`Uhltdf]_gihgpdf]_VnWdfb ¶ Whbpo'dmSUW]ch´iWxmosWgpdfSlWhlgih^Фa_]_hUW:bpx xsWom] q `bea hUgixsV ¸ ]_hgpx q Wxjdmg¼Whlom`UxsWdfSlWkUxsgiixsWomos]_´pW¢os ]°dft~SxsgiV dfSlW`UhlosdfWb q r kUSUbpomW(dfg7dmSUWbposr=Vnkldfgedf]_ttgih´iWxsiWhltW زW:bpt~Sdm]cVnWuozdfWk#]ch´igpa_´pWo'dfSUW/omgia_`ldm]cgih#geÞdfSUWjd¤&g7a_]chlW:bpx£osr=osdmWVno VnW:bph«UgGªbeh q df`Uxs U`^Ð a_Whdj´pbexm]cbp Ua_Wo ¥ {kUklxmg:v^]cVXbedmW[omgpac`ldm]cgphUo/dmgXdmSUWosW[osr=ozdfWVnobpxsWgi ld~be]chUW q r`Uom]_hU#b a_]chlW:bpx5V[`Ua°df]_ixs] q ozdfxmbedfWprX ?rn´pgiac`lVXW{bpiia_giVnWxmbedf]_gihX SU]ct~S¼]co q Wostxm]_ KW q ]_hJdfSlW/hUWv=d osWtdm]cgph زW:bpt~S#tbpa_t`Uacbedf]_gih#]_o&ozd~bpxzdfW q xsgiVÄb[`Uhl]_gixsV«gMbeh qq xs]_´pWh#dfg[bed%a_W:bpozd b xmWom] q `bpa xsW q `Ut df]_gih¹¥ # # ! R'SUW²V[`Ua°df]_ixm] q VnWdmSUg q b q gik^dfW q SUWxsW]_o¼ bposW q gph±dfSlW`UosWgpuVXbptxmg¾WacWVnWhdfo VXbptxsg tgph?dmxmgia=´igia_`UVnWo SU]_t~SXgixsV dfSUW%tgbpxsomW q ]_omtxmW df]_³:bedm]cgihlo5gedfSUW%tgiVnkU`ldfbedf]_gihbpa q giVXbp]_h¹¥¦ d â"âÀþ Ul÷çøå . a . . @. Y.
(84).
(85) Ê A> È"}Ê B¹ÈǤÆ"AÈ! B¡Ê @A 6IÆ" G ]_obphW v=dmWhUos]cgih[gpldmSUWAac]_hUW:bexV`Ua_dm]cpxm] q bpkUklxmgbpt~S q W ´iWa_gikKW q r[ò`Ua q Wx Ë peÍ=bph q Å"bpaca_WVXbph q Æ Ç&ÈpÉ_ÊÌË G ÍÞdfgXbpttWa_WxmbedfWdfSlWosgia_`ldf]_gih!gpa_]_hUW:bpx ozr^ozdfWVXo¥ a h. RUT. \ ja . b g W. . W. . dcg ^`\ , WZY,acg . . ¦¤h Ë Í{bph qMË G GÍjdmSUWb q gikldmW q tgbpxsomWhl]chU¾bpacpgixm]°dfSUV]_o¼ UbpomW q gih hlW]_iS? }gixs]chl¾xmWa§bedm]cgphUo¥ \=dfbpxsdm]chUxsgiV b¼ºhUW¢`Uhlosdfxs`Utdm`UxmW q dmxm]cbphUi`la§bedm]cgph ¸ gihUW%bphdmodmgiWhUWxmbedfWnbSU]_Wxmbpxmt~Srge tgibpxmosWacW ´iWaco £dmSU]_o¢t:bph
(86) KW#bpt~Sl]cW ´iW q `Uos]chUÒbRD¤ixmWW q r=FJd¤r^kKWtgbpxmosWhU]_hUÒbpa_igixs]_dmSUV-dmSbed bposomWV Ua_WouhUW]cpS= Kgixs]chUXtgph?dmxmgiaÞ´pgiac`lVXWo{gpdfSUW(ºhlWosd{ixm] q Wp¥ U¥AdfSUgpomWSb:´^]_hU¼bXtgiVnVXgph Kgi`Uh q bexsr dfgn U`U]_a q dmSUWVXbptxsgXWacWVnWhdfojgp"dfSUWtgbpxmosWx'a_W´pWa ¸ bettgpx q ]_hU7dfg7dfSlWugiaca_g ]chl osdmWkUo 0 ÆmÈ lÈ ÈpÉÇ f Æm·=È É ;·É # Æ~¼"Æ Æ 2 É = Æ È
(87) : G:<>;
(88) > 2 " ="Æ uÇ Æ EÆ i1Ç Ç ·É ·É ¼Æ <>F< >CfÆmÈpǤÆÈ E"Æ '
(89) ÇIÈ 67
(90) 2 =Ç <Ç XÇ 9
(91) :ÒÇ Æ E"Æ
(92) #""7
(93) +Ç ·É ·É ¼Æ 2 '%4 ·Ç%ÈpÉ fÆm= È # Æ 9É 7
(94) ¼<Ç ¼È ·Ç "Æ ¢Æ 9 Ç 7
(95)
(96)
(97) Ç Æ Æ Ç E "Æ 'XÇ "~9Æm Èp
(98) Ç¤Æ :
(99) ½ È :! ! ^Ç Ç È È É ½ 2Æ 9 GÇ :7<)
(100) ;
(101) : ÇI È 67
(102) #ÈpÇ5ɧÆmÈ Ç EÆ Ç 2 Æ E"Æ
(103) #" 2 '.
(104)
(105) <>; G ÇÆ E ÆiÇ1Ç ·É ·É ¼Æ. <>;. <>;. R'SUWjVJbe]ch¼b q ´ebphd~bppWjge}dmSU]co5VnWdmSUg q ]_o5dmSbed5]_d£bpa_a_gG o£bphJbp`ldmgiVXbedf]_t iWhUWxfbedm]cgphJgp}dfSUW tgibpxmosWx q ]_omtxsWdm]c³bedf]_gihUoj ]_dmSUgi`ldj U`U]_a q ]chlbphrtgibpxmosWdmxm]cbphUi`la§bedm]cgph¹¥ G/g&W ´iWx ¸ dfSU]_o/ozdfxmbedsÐ Wern]co5bpa_omgosdmxmgihUpa_r q Wk}Wh q Wh?d&gih7dfSUWjh?`UVnWxsgpd~bedm]cgphJgpEVnWomSX´iWxsdf]_tWo&]_hJdmSUW gixm]_i]_hbpaUºhUW VnWosS xmWVnWV[ KWx/dfSbed/ºhUW¢VnWomS´iWxsdm]ctWobpxsW[bpa_omgJºhUW¢VnWosStgihdmxmgia"´igia_`UVnWo ¥(]chbeaca°r ¸ dfSlW/kUxsWosWhd'osdmxfbedmWprn]_o&]_omgedfxmgpkU]ctj]_h¼hbedm`UxmW/bph q dfSUWxmW gixmW/ }WSb:´iWo£k}g=gixsa_rn]_hJdmSUW/klxmWosWhUtW gpSU]_iSUa°r#osdmxmWdmt~SUW q VXWomSUWo¥ RQ. . g W. \. . a h W g7ac^`WZYa g g lb$g . \5b)Y,a. . \. Y\ ^. . 3WxmWt:bpa_a dfSbedXdfSlWtgph?´pWt df]°´iW«`^v^WobpxmW²]chdfWixfb·dfW q }W d¤&WWh»d¤£g
(106) tgihdfxsgia'´igia_`UVnWo#ge dfSlWnºUhUWozdVnWomS "dfSlWr©bpxsW7tgiVnkU`^dfW q ]chdmSUWnofbpVnW7%b:r©gihÒb#tgibpxmosWXa_W´pWa ¸ KWd¤£WWh½d¤£g VXbptxsg¾Wa_WVnWh?dmo¥ G/g&W ´iWx ¸ gih dfSlWtgibpxmosWixs] q o ¸ dfSU]_o¼tgiVnkU`ldfbedf]_gih»]_o¼a_]cVn]°dfW q dfg3ºUxmosd àáâÞàã k.
(107) ÈsÈpÉ É§Æ É¹ÉEÆmÈ ^É Ç
(108) #ÈpÉ
(109) Ç !fÆ" #ɧÆ%$&'% gix q Wx{bptt`Uxfbpt r KWtbp`UosW¢hUg q bpaixfb q ]cWh?dmout:behUhUgpd{ }WW´ebpa_`bedfW q bpo/dmSUWrbpxsW[gihdmSUWºUhUWozd VnWosS¹¥¾Ô&gedfS
(110) tgphUomWxs´ebedf]°´iW#´ebpxs]§bp lacWonbph q hUgixsVXbpa£´pWtdmgixmoXbpxsW]_h?dmWxsk}giacbedmW q }W d¤&WWhÂdfSUW q ] EWxmWh?d¢ixm] q o¥!R'SUWJtgbpxsomWJixm] q ´ebpxm]cbp Ua_Wo[bpxmW q W q `UtW q ?r©dmxfbphUozWxgik}Wxfbedmgixmo q WºhUW q acbedfWx ¥R'SlWhlgixmVXbpaE´pWt dfgixso ¸ ac]_h ¶ W q ]°dfSWbpt~S²tgbpxsomWVXbptxsgXtgihdfxsgiaE´igpac`UVnW ¸ xsWos`Ua_d xsgiV dfSlW(om`UVnVXbedf]_gihgp"dfSlW{ºhUWx'ixm] q ´iWtdfgpxmo gix£dfSUW{ºUhUW(VnWomS!tgph?dmxmgiaK´igia_`UVnWo'dmSbed'Sb:´pWb tgpVXVngihn Kgi`Uh q bpxsr ]_dmS7dfSUW'VXbptxmg(Wa_WVnWh?dmo ?bpoAbuxmWom`Ua°d ¸ b·dVngiosdAgihlW&«`^v¢]cotgiVnkU`ldfW q KWd¤£WWh²d¤&gXVXbptxsgXtgihdfxsgia¹´igia_`UVnWo¥. . R. g W. \. . a h W g7ac^`WZYa g g lhja a . \. Y\ ^. . R g#W´ebpa_`bedfWdfSUW q ] }`Uom]°´iWnacbpVn]chbex(bph q dm`Uxm U`lacWh?d(dmWxsVXo(gphbtgbexmomW7a_W´pWa ¸ xmWa§bedmW q beom]_o `UhUt df]_gihUo{bpxmWhUWW q W q ¥ k3WxmWtbpa_aSUWxmWdfSUWbpkUkUxsgbpt~S²kUxmgikKgiosW q r Î g=gi U`Uo Æ Ç'ÈpÉ_ÊÌË ÑGÍ omWW bpa_omg %bpxsxmÏ Ë :Í/gixVngixmW q Wdfbp]ca_o ¥ ¦¤h»dmSUWºhU]°dfWWacWVXWhd!gpxmV[`la§bedm]cgph*gih*dfSUWºUhUWixm] q¹¸ dfSlW[W¨?`b·df]_gihUoubexmW]chdfWixfb·dfW q bph q beomomWV[ Ua_W q r!W q iWo tgih´pWtdm]_´pW¢dfWxmVno bph q dmxm]cbphUia_Wo q ] }`Uom]°´iWndfWxmVnobph q hUg q bpa¡pxfb q ]_Whdmo ¥ /oudfxs]§bphliacWo q ghUgpdW v^]_osdgihdfSlW7tgbpxsomWxpxm] q o ¸ ]°d7]co7hlWtWomombpxsr
(111) dmg q WºhlWbhUW gixmV`Uacbedf]_gih¾gix[dmSUW#t:beact`Ua§b·df]_gihÂgp q ] E`Uos]_´pW!dmWxsVXo¥ 8bpacWx ¶ ]_hbpklkUxmg:v^]cVXbedm]cgph!gix beh?r¼`UhUtdm]cgph
(112) t:beh! KWW v^kUxsWomosW q r 0
(113) SUWxmW ]_odmSUW´ebpac`lWgp
(114) b·dVXWomSª´iWxzdfWv beh q ]co#dmSUWhUg q bpau beom]_o `UhUt df]_gih¾beomomg=t]cbedmW q dmg bph q bpomosWV UacW q xmgiV dfSUWJw'¼ bpos]co`UhUt df]_gihUo q WºUhUW q gph3Wbpt~S dfxs]§behUia_W WacWVXWhd dfSUbed¡d~b ¶ WokUbpxsd]ch¢dmSUW%ºhU]°dfW%WacWVnWhd5om`UkUkKgixzdgp ¥R'SUW%ºhU]°dfW'WacWVXWhd gixsV[`Uacbedf]_gih7bekUkUa_]cW q dfg{dmSUW q ] E`lom]°´iW'acbpVn]chbex¡bph q dm`Uxm l`UacWhd¡dfWxmVno¡omSlgG o¡dmSbeddfSUW%pWhUWxfbpa gixsV0gpdfSUWxsWom`la_dm]chU q ]_omtxsWdmW¨?`bphdm]_dm]cWo q Wk}Wh q ojgihdfSUW]_h?dmWixmbpa_o 0 $, . . *,+ W. . . *,+ W. . . . *. . . . . .
(115). . . + . . . ¸ bph q SUWxmW ¥R'SlWX]_hdfWixfbpa_o bpxmW¢tbpa_t`UacbedfW q gph©dmSUW¢ºhUW beh q W q iWo t:beomW ¥ om`UVnVXbedm]cgih
(116) ge ixs] q beh q bposomWV[ Ua_W q r3kKgi]_hdfo t:bposW dfSlWomW¨?`bphdf]°df]_Woj r#hUW]ciS? Kgixm]_hUXxmWa§bedm]cgphUo gih#´^]_xsdm`bpaÞtgbpxmosWk}gi]_hdfo ¸ gix'W q pWo tgihlhUWt df]_hU d¤£gJVXbptxmgXWa_WVnWhdfo ¸ beaca_g o dmg q WºhlWdmSUWtgbpxsomWixs] q ]chdmWixmbpaco 0 $, SUWxmW 0 $, $, â"âÀþ Ul÷çøå + + P. . . . . @. . . . . .
(117). . . . . . .
(118). . . . . . . . . . . .
(119). . . . .
(120) Ê >AÈ"}Ê B¹ÈǤÆ"AÈ! B¡Ê @A 6IÆ" µ/hlgpxsdf`lhbedfWa_r ¸ dfSlW%bp Kg´iW&tgbpxsomW&pxm] q gixsV[`Uacbedf]_gih¢]_ohlgpdtgihUos]cozdfWhd¡ ]°dfSdfSUW£osd~beh q bpx q ºhU]°dfWWacWVXWhd{gixsV[`Uacbedf]_gih!gpdfSUW(ºhUWixs] q bpkUklxmg:v^]cVXbedm]cgihE¥£¦¤hQbptd ¸ dfSUWxsWom`la_dm]chUJtgbexmomW bpos]cou`lhUtdm]cgihlo(xmWos`Ua°df]_hU#xmgiVÀbom`lVXVXbedm]cgphÒge5ºUhUW¢ixs] q gihlWobpxsW q Wkl]ct dfW q gihdmSUWn]_U¥ J]_hb! kKgi]_h?d/gp´^]_W ¸ bph q ]°d/]cojta_W:bpxjdfSb·d/dmSUW[tgbpxmosWpxm] q gixsV[`Uacbedf]_gih]_ojhUgpd{bp Ua_Wdfg bpkUklxmg:v^]cVXbedmW¢bptt`UxmbedfWa_rdfSlWºhUWixm] q klxmgi Ua_WV¥/&gihUosW¨?`UWh?dma_r²dfSUW[bp KgG´pWgixsV[`Uacbedm]cgih²]co tgpVXklacW dfW q rnbutgixsxmWtdf]_gihnQbptdmgix¡ºxsosdAkUxsgik}gpomW q ]_h Ë ÑeÍlgixAbpkUkUxsg:vl]_VXbedfWa_r¢kUxmWomWxz´=]chUdfSUW tgphUom]_osdmWhUt r KWd¤£WWh#d¤£g¢ixs] q o¥R'SU]_o&Qbptdmgix ¸ V[`la_dm]ckUa°r=]chl7W:bpt~S q ] }`Uom]°´iWu«`=v¼tgiVnk}gphUWhd ¸ xmWVXbp]chlo/tgihUosdfbphd gix'W:bpt~S²bpkUklac]_t:bedm]cgphbph q ]_o W v^kUxmWomosW q xsgiV 0 , Mi . ° ] f d S 3 , SUWxmW ]_o dmSUWomkbetW q ]cVnWhUom]_gihbeh q dmSUW(dfgpdfbpa¹h?`UV }Wx/gptgibpxmosWVXbptxmgnWa_WVnWh?dmo¥ :Y. P. . @. P. Φ. 1. . @. Φ J+1. J. φ = "hat" function Φ = "plate" function. φi. φ i+1. φ i+2. Φ = φ i + φ i+1 J. fine grid indexes. 0 i-1. i. i+1. i+2. i+3 coarse grid indexes. ]cp`UxmW 05&gpVXkUbpxm]_omgih²gp£ bpom]_o `UhUtdm]cgphUo gpdmSUW(ºhUWbph q tgibpxmosWpxm] q o J-1. R. V. ]d. Y,a. J. ,ach g . d iYa g . J+1. b[]\_^`\. ¦¤hdfSlW7ac]_hUW:bexuV[`Ua°df]_ixs] q VnWdmSUg q gix{tgixmxsWt df]_gih©omt~SUWVXW dfSUW¢tgixmxsWt df]_gihUo(gpAdfSlW[ºhUW¢pxm] q omgpac`ldm]cgph bpxsWtgiVnkU`ldmW q gih
(121) dfSUWtgibpxmosW!pxm] q o¥ h dmSUW#ºhUWosdJixm] q¹¸ &W!omgia°´iW!kbpxzdf]cbpa_a_rÂb a_]chUWbpx{ozr=osdfWV xsWom`la_dm]chUxsgiVdfSUW[ac]_hUW:bexm]_³:bedm]cgihgpdfSUWW¨?`bedm]cgphUo(i]°´iWh]_hosWtdm]cgphÒ ^¥uÅÞWd `Uo q WhUgpdfW 0 bpxsW:b 2 -
(122) ( 5 5
(123) SUWxmW ]_o dfSUWdf]_VnW[]_hUtxsWVnWhd ¸ 5 ¸ ¸ bph q xsWomkKWt df]°´iWa_rxmWklxmWosWhdudmSUWtgih´iWtdf]°´iW ¸ dfSlW q ] E`lom]°´iW a§bpVn]_hbpx£bph q df`Uxs U`Ua_Whd beh q dmSUW{osgi`UxmtW/dmWxmVÄWvlklac]_t]°d&«`=vlWo¥ h¼dfSlW/gpdmSUWx Sbph q¹¸ 5 ¸ ¸ bph q bexmWudfSlWtgixmxsWosk}gih q ]chlibptgi U]cbph!VJb·dfxm]_tWo t:beact`Ua§b·dfW q xmgiV dfSUW àáâÞàã . . . . Q. . Q . Q . . Q (' Q . Q. '. Q. ' Q. . . . ('.
(124) È sÈpÉ É§Æ É¹ÉEÆmÈ ^É Ç
(125) #ÈpÉ
(126) Ç !fÆ" #ɧÆ%$&'% K ºxsosd'gix q Wx&omt~SUWVXW(gix5dfSUW{tgih´iWtdm]_´pWdmWxmV ¥Zk½Wutbph#xmW xm]°dfW{dmSUW(bp Kg´iW(a_]chlW:bpx%ozr=osdfWV bpo gia_acg o 0
(127) (
(128) ( ( , SUWxmW
(129) ( tgpxmxmWomkKgih q odfgdmSUW#bpkUklxmg:v^]cVXbedmW q omgia_`ldm]cgihE¥`ldfSUWxmVngixsW ¸ £W q WºUhUWdfSUW xmWom] q `bpa SU]_t~S±p]_´pWo7dfSUWxs]ciSdzФSbph q os] q W#gp/dmSUW#a_]chUWbpx7osr=ozdfWV dmg© }W#osgia_´pW q gih
(130) dfSUW tgibpxmosWpxm] q 0 Ñ
(131) ( , R'SUWWxmxsgix dfWxsV ¸ gp ld~bp]_hUW q r#dfSlWosgiac`^df]_gihgpdfSUWxsWom] q `beaW¨=`Ubedf]_gih tgbexmomWixs] q osr=oÝÐ dfWV ]cokUxmgpacgihlbedfW q dfgtgixsxmWt d¢dfSlWomgia_`ldm]cgih½gih¾dfSUWXºhUWpxm] q ¥R'SUW#beacigpxm]°'dfSUV tgphUom]_osdmo ]_h3osgia_´=]_hU beh q t:bphÒ }W7 xs]_dsdfWh3bpo V`Ua°df]_ixm] q beacigpxm]°dfSUVÀgix(gihUW Ð tr=ta_Wn ]_dmS ibptgi U]ÞomVng=gpdfSlWx 0 0
(132)
(133) V[`Ua°df]_ixs] q omgia_`ldm]cgih²bpkUklxmgbpt~Sl]chU
(134) ( gih#dfSUW(ºhUWixs] q ]°dfS Ñ ¸ R ! 0A]_hU]_dm]§bea¹omgia_`ldm]cgihgpdfSlW(xmWacb·vlbedm]cgih!VnWdmSUg q gix'osgia°´^]_hUndfSUW(ozr=osdfWVgih ¸ gix SUWxsW ]_o dmSUWh?`UV[ KWxjgpacW ´iWa_o ¸ * ( bph q ( xmWomkKWt df]°´iWa°r q WhUgedfWndfSUWXkUxmgpacgihlbedf]_gihÒbph q xmWosdfxs]ct df]_gih½gpk}Wxfbedmgixmo q WºhlW q acbedmWx ¸ # bph q # bpxsWudfSUWh?`UV }Wxmo{gekUxsW Уbph q kKgiosdzФosVXg=gpdmSU]chl ¸ ]co'dmSUWxmWacb·vlbedm]cgihQbpt dfgix'gpdfSlW]°dfWxfbedm]_´pWVXW dfSUg q¹¸ ! ! ]_ojdmSUW(VXbedfxs]°v#gi ld~be]chUW q r#dmSUW q ]costxsWdf]_³:b·df]_gihgih ¸ ! ]_o'dfSUWxm]_iSd Sbph q os] q Wgposr=osdmWVgih ¸ bpxmWb 2 - ¥ } Ö Ð !#"%$&(')"!(*+ 0, ! omgia_`ldf]_gih!gi ldfbp]chlW q bed'dfSUWkUxsW´=]_gi`Uo ' Фt r^tacW } Ö-¬Ð/.10325476589*:*1<;>=?"A@CB"%$(B>D%$("!(*+E*GFHB5*%0I0J2B5! *+>6 0¡gi&x * K . . . +. . . . . . . . . ". . . . . . . . . +. \+. A. @. . . . . . . . . . . +. ! L ]°]° *N* M R'SUW(gia_a_gG ]_hUXhUg q W ]_omW C O l acg=t ¶ i bptgi U]Þ]°dfWxmbedf]_gih!]cojbpklkUac]_W q â"âÀþUl÷çøå . Y +. ^+. +. i . . . . 0.
(135) Ê A> È"}Ê ¹B ÈǤÆ"AÈ! ¡B Ê. . K # ! ! , ! ! ! , ! ! ( ! ( ! , ! . ! SUWxmW ( ! ]_o/dmSUW¢xsWosdmxm]_tdmW q xmWom] q `bpaxmgiVa_W´iWa *!dmgacW ´iWa * beh q xsWomWhdfo/b q ]_omtxmW df]_³:bedm]cgih²gpdfSUWtgph?dm]ch?`Ugp`Uo/gpk}Wxfbedmgix'gih#dfSUWa_W´pWaA*}¥ } Ö
(136) ¬Ð/.*6 74 689*:*G<; >=C"A@N.103*+$ *:>=%">! *+ *GFHB5*%0I0J2B5! *+>6 0¡gp&x * , K ! ! ( ( ! ! ! K # ! - ! ! , ! ! ! . . . . . . . . . . . +. +. . IÆ. @A 6 ". ^+. G . . 2 0. :. . . =. +. . . . . \+ . 0. . . ! xsWk^Ð. DA. . . . . . !. . . . +. . +. ^+. @. . ! ! ! ! SUWxmW ( ( xmWklxmWosWhdfo(dmSUW¢kUxsgeyzWt dfW q tgixmxsWt df]_gihxmgiVa_W´pWa * dfgJacW ´iWa* tgbpxsomWixs] q tgpxmxmWtdm]cgih ¥ } ÖÐ A"%$ D%.%@%" 2 0, ( ! R W \ lg f\ WYg tgih q ]_dm]cgih3dfggp ld~bp]_h½V`Ua°df]_ixm] q W ÁJt]cWhUtr Ë M Í£]_odmSbeddfSlW¼om`lVXVXbedm]cgph¾gp%dmSUWJgpx q Wxmo[ge dfSlW¢dfxfbehUosWxgpk}Wxfbedmgixmou]_oixmWbedfWx{dfSUbphdfSUWngix q Wx(gpAdmSUWnkbpxsdm]§bea q ] EWxmWh?dm]§beaW¨?`bedm]cgih©dfg KW²osgia_´pW q ¥ªR'SU]_o¼tgih q ]°df]_gih ¸%q W´iWacgpk}W q ]ch Ë p·Í{beh qÓË eÍ ¸ xmW¨=`l]cxsWo]_h gix q Wxndfg3omgia°´iW!dfSUW Ü{b:´=]_WxzÐÝ\=dfg ¶ Wo(W¨?`bedf]_gihUo ¸ dfSUbed{W]_dmSUWx{kUxmgia_gihUibedf]_gihgpx{xmWosdmxm]_tdf]_gih KW[a_]chlW:bpxI¥ G/g£W´pWx ¸ b a_]chUWbpx¡]_hdfWxsk}gpa§bedm]cgph7]co¡hlgpd¡Wbpom]_a_r[ U`U]_a_d¡]ch7behnbpiia_giVnWxmbedf]_gih¢tgihdfW v=d¥¡¦¤h7gi`Uxt:bposW ¸ £W ¶ WWk dfSlW¢ofbpVnW7gix q Wx/gix{ KgpdfSxsWozdfxm]_tdm]cgph3beh q kUxmgpacgihlbedf]_gih Sl]ct~S©]_o(]ch©bpttgix q bphUtW[ ]°dfSdfSUW àáâÞàã. . . ,. . . . . A. . . . .
(137) È sÈpÉ É§Æ É¹ÉEÆmÈ ^É Ç
(138) #ÈpÉ
(139) Ç !fÆ" #ɧÆ%$&'% M kUxsW´=]cgp`Uotgih q ]°df]_gih©gihUa°rgixudmSUWntgih´pWtdm]_´pWbpklkUxmg:v^]cVXbedm]cgph ¸ U`ldbpa_acg o U`U]_a q ]chU!om]_VnkUa_W bph q!q ]cbpigihUbpaca°r q giVn]chbeh?djtgbpxmosWpxm] q VXbedmxm]_tWo¥ k½W q W ºhUW 0/ bpo'dfSUW(osgia_`ldf]_gih!gih#dfSUW *
(140) acW ´iWa ¸ £WhlgpdfW(dfSlWu´pbeac`UW + 0/ ]_h#dfSUW + K ¥ Jozr=osdfWVgpa_W´pWAa * K ( Ö : Qp Ú ÂÚ Ö Gl Ú gix + / osgiac`^df]_gihUo 0 ( bpxsW:b . :Y ( ( ! bpxsW:b ( . . SU Wxm W q WhUgedfWoXdfSUW!omW d¼ge{dfSlW u]_h q W v^Wo¼gp ³gihUWo¼gihÂdfSUW²acW ´iWIa *
(141) ]_dmS ( 1 . ! ¥*R'SU]_oJgikKWxmbedfgpxXdmxfbphUozWxsoXdmSUW²osgia_`ldf]_gih xsgiV a_W´iWIa *
(142) dfg3acW ´iWa * ]chgix q Wx%dmg7 U`U]_a q gihUa°r¼dmSUW q ]_omtxmWdm]c³bedf]_gih²gp"dfSUW(tgihdf]_h=`lgi`Uojgik}Wxfbedmgix%gih#dmSU]co a_W´pWa}bph q ]co5hUgpd5`UosW q ]_hndfSUWjV[`Ua°df]_ixs] q tr=ta_Wp¥A¦ d5]co£bu&W]cpS?dmW q bekUkUxmg:v^]_VJb·df]_gih¼gp}dfSUW a_W´pWAa *osgia_`ldf]_gih¹¥ | Gu\gih!a_W´iWCa * Ö : Qp Ú Ú Ö Gl Ú gix%dmSUWxs]cpS?djSbeh q os] q W 0
(143) ( ¥5R'SUW[& ]_o gi ld~be]chUW q r#os`UVnVXbedf]_gihge¡|&Gu\¼xmgpV acW ´iWa%*K¥¦ d/]_o q WºUhUW q bpo 0 . . +S . . +. . . . . . . +. S. ^+. .
(144) . . . . . .
(145) . . . . . . . . \+. . . . . K
Documents relatifs
It is obvious that the steel showed the plastic strain memory effects at each test temperature, in other words, in spite of the hardness of the steel cyclic stress,
Les cités et leur territoire d'influence sont administrées par de puissantes familles, celles de l'aristocratie terrienne et marchande, qui tirent leur légitimité de
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des
In this paper, we have defined the steady-state control problem for MDP, and shown that this question is decidable for (ergodic) MDP in polynomial time, and for labeled MDP
constat, unanime en Colombie, que la résolution des conflits par élimination de “l’opposant” est l’une des caractéristiques de la violence nationale. Première
Automatic test data generation, structural testing, constraint solving techniques, global constraints 1.. Structural testing techniques are widely used in unit or module testing
Trois autres échantillons du pool CHAT étaient également gardés au Center for Disease Control et ont été inclus dans cette analyse (CHAT pool 13, CHAT type 1 Wy4B-5, CHAT 1FL)..
Un habitat de La Tène moyenne et finale à Berry-au-Bac au lieu-dit “ Le Chemin de la Pêcherie ” (Aisne).. Jérôme Dubouloz, Michel Plateaux,