Smeared Fractures: a promising approach to model transfers in fractured media
Texte intégral
(2)
(3) ! #"$% &(')% *+"-,./0!"1,2( 3 457678:9;=<>8:?A@CBD5CEF;HGA<>IJGA;=?A@76+5LKMGANPORQ/S@LTU5CVW8:9>XZYGA? @LO(<>[]\^5L_`GA<7O(aC[>Gb;=;cOY>d0O<>Gbe ? BfT4hg#B+8:didjIJk=k=O(;=IPOl^On m N#opT <>GA;Hq:IPGM4fl=8:diIPr9>G-st@LB+GA<ul=;=Gv[opT l=9>[>GAkw[>G^xO(XbNyORQ:@7z : z ~M Gbl=l=GB+Gb[>G @C67;cO(<XAG. E{IJ|}k=9>;. S-\ ~ { K 4{x4^@7 w<>I Gb;=k=Il GFp [>Gv8(IJlcIJGA;HkA@ u 4 GA<9>Gv[>9GAXlcGb9>;DIJ<>GRO(9@7: u( }8:IJl=IPGb;=kA@>6L;=O(<>XbG e24MwK{4g4Dq:Gb<>XAG^DOl=IP8:<>O(NPGw 8:9;NPOnEFGbkHl=IP8:<[>GbkDK Gbp XZY>Gbl=kDO([>IJ8uO(Xbl=IJ|kcs@KFx>:x\DEn@ O(;HXF[>GFNyOnB+;=8(I_`NyO(<>XZYG(@ b2 ;H9>G^(GRO(<VW8:<<>GblA@Lz : z:iB+YO lcGA<>O-Q VO(NyOa>;HQ(@L6L;=O(<>XbG <l=Y>G7GANJ[8|`<9>XbNPGAO(;{fO(k.lcGnkHl=8:;cOq:G(@&kH GbXAIyONIP<ulcGb;=GbkHlvIPkM9lv8:< dj8/[>GANJIP<>qilc;=O(<>kH|Gb;F>;=8 AX Gbk=k=Gbk0IJ<|;=O(Xbl=9>;=Gb[diGA[>IPO5 li;=GAdjO(IJ<>knOXZY>O(NPNJGA<>q:IJ<>qlZO(kH¡¢[>9>Glc8 lcYG]NPO(;=q(G]Xb8:<ulc;=O(kHl=kjIJ< lcY>GD>;=8:CGA;.lcIJGAkf8(|£[IJ¤ GA;=Gb<ulU9><>Ilckf8(|&l=Y>G{diGA[>IJ9>dW@ul=Y>G{q:GA8(djGlc;=IJXRO(NLXb8:djNPGIl¥Qj8|}l=Y>GMk.Qk.lcGbd O(<>[¦k.lc;H8:<>q§NPG GbN8(|¨9><XAGA;.lZO(IJ<ulcIPGbkw|8:;©78-ªO(<>[¦lc;=O(<>kH 8:;.lM7O;cO(diGbl=GA;=kb5 < O([>[IJlcIJ8:<@Ldi8[>GbN IP<>qO(>>;H8uO(XZY>GbkkHY>8:9>NJ[]O([>[>;HGAk=k[>I¤Gb;=Gb<lUl=IPdiGAkfkHXRO(NJGAkb«¬Gt Gb;=IPdiGA<ulcO(N |8:;HXAGb[]©78-XA8:<[>IJl=IP8:<>k g®kHG Gb;cO(Ndj8:<ul=Y>kZs¬O(<>[§C8:kHl+XANP8(k=9>;HGM<7Ol=9>;cO(NC©78- XA8:<>[IJlcIJ8:<>kDgl=Y>8:9>k=O(<>[§8(|&Q(GRO(;HkOlfNJGRO(k.lts¬|8:; Y>IPXZY[>I¤9>kHIP8:<>;H8XbGAk=kHGAk^>NyORQ Od0O-¯H8:;F;=8:NJG(5i°8]dj8/[>GbNlc;cO<>kH|Gb;=kvIP< |;cO(Xlc9>;HGA[djGb[>IyO@&`G [>G GANJ8: Gb[OjkHdjGAO(;=Gb[|;cOXblc9;=GAkDO(>>;H8uO(XZY|8(;DO0VWIGA[¦O(<>[¦\Q/a>;=IJ[6IP<IJlcGFTNJGAdiGA<ulMkHXZY>GAdiG IP<>XbNP9>[IP<>q{GbkHlcIJd0OlcIP8(<8(|&O(kHk=8/XAIPOlcGb[i©78-)O<>[jl=;cO(<>kH 8(;Hl¬7O(;=O(djGlcGb;=k¬O(<>[jIPdi>NPGbdjGb<l=GA[nIP<n8:9; XA8/[>Gg!B+4{x°±:V¦s5°UY>IPk+O(>>;H8uO(XZY²IJkfO^Xb8:<ulcIJ</98:9>kf;HGA>;HGAk=Gb<ulZOl=IP8:<²8|&lcY>G|;cO(Xlc9>;HGDa>NJ8XZ¡|8:;`O ;=Gbq:9>NyO;w[>IJk=Xb;=Gbl=IP³AOlcIJ8:<diGAkHY@lcYG>;=Gbk=Gb<>XAGn8(|l=Y>G|;cO(Xlc9>;HGaCGAIJ<>q0lZO¡(GA< IJ<l=8§O(XbXA8:9><ul{auQ¦O(< Y>Gbl=GA;HGAq:Gb<>GA8:9kM7GANJ[8(|¨7O;cO(diGbl=GA;=kb5w°UYGk=diGRO(;HGA[|;=O(Xbl=9>;=Gbk{O(>;=8uO(XZY@O(kw8(lcY>Gb;DXb8:<ulcIP<9>8(9>k O(>>;H8uO(XZY>GbkA@&IJk{dj8:k.lFO(>;=8:>;HIyOl=G^|8:;Dk=NP8-´lc;=O(<>kH|Gb;=kFO(<[;=GAkHGA<ulckFlcYGnO([ O(<ulZO(q(G8(|¨lZO(¡IP<q O(Xbl=97O(Na>NP8/XZ¡q:Gb8:diGblc;HIPGbkIP<ulc8FOXAXA8(9><ul+Ok+GbNPN7Ok>;=8 IP[>IJ<>q{q:8/8[;=GAXbIPkHIP8:<;HGAk=9NJlck¨Ok=k=8/XAIPOlcGb[ lc8NJ8 XA8(dj>9lcGA;UXb8:kHlA5µ¶G{>;HGAkHGA<ulDYGA;=GvO(<8 Gb; IPG·8(|}lcYG{G O(NP9>OlcIJ8:<§>Y7O(kHG{|8:; K¸XRO(kHGAkb5 °UY>GAkHGnIP<>XbNP9>[>G;=GAkH9>NJl=k{8:< kHQ/<ulcY>GlcIJXAkvO(<>[ ;=GAO(NPIJkHl=IPXk.Q/kHlcGbdjkb@£[>IJ¤ GA;HGA<ul{©78-¹;HGAq:IJdjGbk{O(<>[ 7O ;cO(diGbl=GA; ONP9>GbkA5{µ¶GG/lcGb<>[l=Y>GO(>;=8uOXZY l=8§±:KºkHQ/k.lcGAdikFO(<>[;=GAkHGA<ulv>;=GbNPIJdjIJ<7O(;HQ;HGAkH9>NJl=k |8:;f©78-»g®±:K½D¼4 k= 8 ¼ x/+Gb[>GA< q(GA8:diGbl=;HQ:@ : d¾aNP8/XZ¡0k=XAO(NPGRs5 ¿7ÀjÁv²Ã^ÄÃ{ÅÆ+ÇvÆvÈ ÉnŽÉiʪÆË]þÄ&ÌÍÃ{Dz²ÃMÎÏÊf§DzÐÆѧ²Ã^ÄDzÁ^Áv²ÉDzÐË ° YG§a7O(k=IJX§IP[>GAO8(|lcYGO(>>;H8uO(XZYIPk<8(llc8diGAkHYÒlcY>G²|;=O(Xbl=9>;=G§<>Gl¥+8(;=¡¢a>9llc8¦lcO(¡(G§lcYG U >;=Gbk=Gb<>XAGM8|&|;cO(Xlc9>;HGAk+IJ<ulc8OXAXA8(9><ulfauQ0diGRO<>k+8(|XA8:<ulcIJ<9>8:9>k`Y>Gbl=GA;=8(q:GA<>Gb8:9>k+>GANP[k{gl=;cO(<k=diIPk k=I Il¥Q:@ 8:;H8:k=Il¥Q:@ Y>GRO([@ GbNP8/XAIJl¥Q(@XA8(<>XAGb<l=;cOl=IP8:<5J55Óst5F°UY>IPkMNJIP<>G@C|8(NPNP8-`GA[¦auQ[>IJ¤ GA;HGA<ulFO(9l=Y>8:;Hk g=Ô AÕ O(<[¶Ô Õ s@7IJkU;=Gb|Gb;=;HGA[WO(kwxdjGAO(;=Gb[]6L;=O(Xbl=9>;=GvO(>;=8uOXZYO(<[];=GAkHGA<ulcklcY>G{|8:NJNP8-IP<qO([ O(< lZO(q(G(«<>8§[>GA[IPXROlcGA[ kH7OlcIPO(N}[>IPkHXA;=GlcIJ³ROl=IP8:<¦G¤8(;Hl{IJkM;=Gbr/9IP;=Gb[%g`G9>k=GiO0a>O(k=IJX;=Gbq:9>NyO;MdjGbk=Y@ k=IJd9>NyOlcIP8(<>kXRO(<aCG[>8:<>G8:< O²;=8:9q:YdjGbk=Yk=O IJ<>q§XA8:di>9l=GA;Dl=IPdiG-st5{°UY>IPkMdjO(¡GAkDl=Y>IPkM¡IJ<>[ 8(|}O(>;=8uO(XZY GA;.Q§>;=8(djIJk=IP<q^|8:;¬lZO(¡IP<qY>Gbl=GA;H8:q:GA<GAIJl¥Q08(|}>;=8( Gb;HlcIJGAk+O(kf+GbNPNO(kf9><>XbGA;.lZO(IJ<l=IPGbk.
(4) IJ<l=8OXAXA8(9><ul+IJl=Y>IP<jO^VW8:<ulcGMBfO(;=NJ8F|;=O(diGb`8:;=¡|8:;¨IJ<>kHlcO(<>XAG5¨679>;Hl=Y>GA;Hdj8:;HG(@ulcYGwq:Gb8:diGblc;.Q8(| l=Y>Gd0Ol=;=IÖaNP8/XZ¡/kYGA;=Glc;=O(<>k.|GA;=k;=8/XAGAGb[jauQ[IJ¤ 9>k=IJ8:<IPk|9NPNJQvlZO¡(GA<nIJ<l=8vO(XAXb8:9><ul¨XA8:<ul=;cO(;.Q l=8{XANyOk=k=IJXRO(Nk=IJdj>NJIJ7Gb[ K×O>>;=8:O(XZY>GAk|8(;IP<>k.lZO(<XAG(5wG GA;.lcY>GbNPGAkHkA@/XA8:<ul=IP<9>8:9>kY>Gbl=GA;=8(q:GA<>Gb8:9>k 7GbNP[²;HGA>;HGAkHGA<ulZOl=IP8:<§8|}Ov|;cOXblc9;=GA[§diGA[IP9>dº;HGAr9>IP;HGAkUO^Y>8:di8:q:GA<IP³ROlcIP8(<j>;H8XbGAkHkUOl¬lcY>GMkHXRO(NJG 8(|`lcY>GidiGAk=YØXA8:<k=IP[GA;=Gb[5§67;=8(dÙOW<9>diGA;HIPXAO(NC8:IP<ulv8(| IJGbF@}XA8:<>k.lZO(<ul^djGbk=YØk=IP³bG0OkF`GANJN¬O(k Xb8:<>kHlcO(<ulkHIPd9>NPOlcIJ8:<¦lcIJdjGnk.lcGA¶djIJq:YulF<>8(l^a GjO(>>;H8:>;HIyOl=Gnl=8WkHIPd9NyOl=GiXb8:<ulc;=O(kHl=GA[¢;HGAq:IJdjGbk gr/9IPXZ¡§IP<§|;=O(Xbl=9>;=G@7k=NP8-IP<djOlc;HI>s5 °UY>IPkiO(>;=8uO(XZYO(<>[%>;=GbNPIJdjIJ<7O(;HQØ;=Gbk=9>Nlckn+Gb;=G]>;=G IP8:9>kHNJQ>;HGAkHGA<ulcGb[×Ol0BUV]µ (:u ÔÚ± Õ O(<[O(;=G¬¯H9kHlfa;=IPG©>Qjk=9>didjGb[²9>§Y>Gb;=G5 <IJlcIPO(NPNQ`GD`8:;=¡j8:<§O;HGAq:9>NPO(;+diGAkHY§O(<>[²`G{Y7O Gwlc8 IJ[>GA<ulcI|ÛQC« gIÛs+diGAk=YGAkXA8:;H;=GAkH 8(<>[>IP<qnl=8iOn|;=O(Xbl=9>;=G@ gIPIÛsÜ l¥Q/ GXAGbNPNJk¨|8(;¨YIPXZYj©>8 GA<ulcGb;=IP<q8:<i8:<>Gk=IJ[>GO(<>[0GtIJlcIJ<>q{lcY>;H8:9>q:YilcY>G8:>C8:kHIJlcGkHIP[>G@ gIPIPIys ~ l¥Q/ GFXbGANPNJkf|8:;fY>IJXZY]©78-ÍGtIJlcIJ<>qlcY;=8:9>q(Y]l=Y>GvO([¯=O(XbGA<ulk=IP[G(@ gI sO(<>[¶>;=8 IP[>GjlcY>G§O[7O(l=GA[Ò7O(;=O(diGblcGb; O(NP9GAk§gÛlc;=O(<>k=diIPkHk=I Il¥Q:@C8:;H8:k=Il¥Q:@[>IJk=CGA;Hk=I Il¥Q:55J5Ýs l=8il=Y>GFdjGbk=Y5 °UY>Gj[>IJ¤ GA;HGA<ulk.lZO(q(GAkv8(|flcYG0O(>;=8uOXZYÒO(;=GiIPNJNP9>k.lc;=OlcGb[Ø6IPq:9>;HG Y>Gb;=G0`G0XAO(<¶kHGAGilcY>Gid0O l=;=I²djGbk=Y¶g®;HGAq:9>NPO(;fdiGAkHY]IlcY>8:9lU|;cO(Xlc9>;HG{<>Gbl¥`8:;=¡§diGAkHYLs@>|;=O(Xbl=9>;=G{<Gbl¥`8:;=¡§diGAkHYO(<[]l=Y>G [>I¤Gb;=Gb<ll¥Q/CGv8|XbGANPNJkA5 <]XA8:<ul=;cO(k.ll=88(lcYGA;k=diGRO(;HGA[|;cO(Xlc9>;HGAkO(>;=8uO(XZY@>Y>GA;HGvGbr9>I O(NJGA<ul l=;cO(<>kHdjIJk=kHI IJl¥QIJkDGAk.lZO(aNPIPkHY>GA[WauQ 8:NP9>diGv;cOl=IP8:kwO(<>[©>8 ¸;=GAXbIPkHIP8:<¦IJk GA;HIJ7Gb[IP<C8:k.lcGA;HIP8:;HI#@ `G^q(97O(;cO<l=GAGFGO(XlDXb8:<>kHGA; Ol=IP8:<8(|djO(k=kU©78-1|8(;OnkHIP<>q(NPGM|;cOXblc9;=G(5. 6IJq:9>;HG. 5¬xdiGRO(;HGA[|;cO(Xlc9>;HGAkdjGbk=YIJl=YܪO(<[ ~ l¥Q/CG^XbGANPNJkA5. Þ 76 8:;`lcY>GD©>8 F@lcY>G{Gbr/9I O(NPGb<>XAGDIPk+a>O(k=Gb[]8(<§GAr97O(NJIJl¥Qj8(|}K{O(;=XQj©>9 5¬°UYG{GAr9>I O(NJGA<>XbGM8(| l=Y>G©79/Wl=Y>;=8(9>q:Yl=Y>G;HGb|GA;HGA<>XbG|;cOXblc9;=GO<>[lcYGGAr9>I O(NPGb<lw|;cO(Xlc9>;HGIJkwGAO(kHQ]lc8i;=IJl=G.
(5) ± a7Ok=GA[8:<jlcY>GMVWIGA[O<>[§\Q/a>;HIP[§6IP<>IlcGwT¨NJGAdiGA<ulfkHXZY>GAdiGMXb8:<>k=IJ[>GA;HGA[5¨°UY>Gbk=GFO(NJNP8- |8:; ¯H8:IJ<ulcGA[ØGAk.lcIPdjOl=IP8:< 8(|fl=Y>Gn©79GAkgq:;cO[>IPGb<l=kZsFO(kF+GbNPN`O(kvl=Y>G O(NJ9>GAkv8(|`lcY>Gj9><>¡<>8-<>k IlcY>IJ< l=Y>GndjGbk=Yg=Ô Õ s5jx8+GiXRO(<[>GlcGA;HdjIJ<>GnO;=GANPOlcIJ8:<aCGbl¥`GAGA<ØlcY>Glc;=O(<>kHdjIJk=k=I IJl¥Q ßà#á O(<>[ ß â¥ã#á gkH|ä´k=diGRO;=GA[|;cOXblc9;=GvO(<>[];=G|¨ä´Gt>NPIJXAIJlfdj8/[>GANJIP<>qus« ßà#á äæåÓç2è¥é>ê£ë>ì2è¥é7íî ã ß â3ã3á 5}Y>GA;HGUGfO(<>[ñ]O;=G+;HGAkH GbXblcI GbNJQFlcY>GfO( Gb;Hl=9>;=G+O(<>[l=Y>G+NJGA<>q(l=Y 8(|¨l=Y>G|;cOXblcç29è3;=ï GO(<[ ð òvóÍO<>[ ò^ôlcY>G</9da Gb;{8(|õ O(<>[ öl¥QCGXbGANPNJkA5MµØG8:alcO(IP<¦O(< Gt>OXblwGAr9>I O(NJGA<>XbG{|8:;Ok=IP<q:NPGD|;=O(Xbl=9>;=G5 Þ 76 8:;lc;cO<>k=C8:;HlA@ l=Y>G[>I¤9>kHI G^©79Y7O(kwlcY>Gk=O(diGG>;HGAkHk=IP8(<ØOkwlcYGK{O(;=XQ©79 5F_fO(kHGA[ 8:<ilcY>GkcOdjGXA8(<>k=IJ[>GA;=OlcIJ8:<>k¬O(k¨|8:;lcY>GGAr9>I O(NPGb<l¬lc;=O(<>kHdjIJk=k=I IJl¥QgGAr97O(NJIJl¥Q8|[>I¤9>kHI G ©79/7st@Cl=Y>GvGAr9>I O(NJGA<ul[>IPkH Gb;=kHIP8:<lcGb<>k=8:;IPkY>Gb;=Gv[>GA;HI GA[¦OkwOik=XAO(NyO(; O(NJ9>Gv÷øä ù`÷ú`û üý7Cþÿ ý Y>GA;HG¦ù@M÷ú:@ ü O(<>[ þÿ O(;HG;=GAkH GbXbl=I GbNJQ×C8:;H8:k=Il¥Q:@DC8:;HG[>IJ¤ 9>k=IJ8:<×XA8/G iXbIPGA<ulA@ [>IJk=CGA;Hk=I Il¥QO<>[K{O(;HXbQ GbNP8/XAIl¥QF8(|>lcYG`|;cOXblc9;=G(5}µ¶G¬XRO<[>Gbl=GA;HdjIJ<>G+O;=GbNyOl=IP8:<va Gl¥+GbGA< ÷ à#á O(<>[W÷ â¥ã3á « ÷ à#á äæåÝç2é7êë>ì2é7í7î ã ÷ â¥ã3á 5 ç¥ï Þ Tr9>I O(NJGA<ulMC8:;H8:k=Il¥QIPkGAkHl=IPdjOlcGb[XAO(NPXb9>NyOl=IP<>ql=;cO(<>kHIJl=IP8:<lcIJdjGbkDO(kHk=8/XAIPOlcGb[WIJl=Y¦O²ñ£O q:;=O(<>q:IJGA<WO(>>;H8uO(XZY]|8:;a 8(l=YWdi8/[>GANJkgk=diGRO(;HGA[]|;cO(Xlc9>;HGAkwO(<>[];=Gb|Gb;=Gb<>XAGRs5B+8:<>kHIP[>Gb;=IJ<>q l=Y>GFGAr97O(NJIJl¥Q§8(|aC8(lcY§lcIJdjGbkvg®kHdjGAO(;=Gb[]|;=O(Xbl=9>;=GbkwO<>[W;HGb|Gb;=GA<XAG-sf`Gv8(alZO(IJ<« ù â¥ã3á ù à#á ä ï(è ã åÓé>ê£ë7é7í>î 678:;O|;cO(Xlc9>;HG²<>Gbl¥`8:;H¡C@¬lcY>G§k=O(diG²>;=8/XAGb[>9>;HG§IPkO(>NPIJGA[¶|8:;GRO(XZYXA8(<>[>9>Xlc8:;b@¬l=Y>G O(NP9>G O¤ GAXbl=GA[0l=8O(<0IP<ulcGb;=k=GbXbl=IP8:<²IJk¬l=Y>GDdjOIPd9>d¹8(|}O(NJN7djGlfIJ<il=Y>IPk`djGbk=Y5°UY>Gl¥Q/ GM8|lc;=O(<>k=C8:;.l OlUlcYGF|;=O(Xbl=9>;=GFIJ<l=GA;Hk=GAXlcIJ8:<>kIPkf|9>NJNdiIIP<q>5 À7Î. ÆvÃ^ÄÆ ÐÇWÄÃ^Ä%ǧÅWΠDzÁvÁ ¨È-ÐÇFÆvÈ ÉiÅÄ. ° YGMk=diGRO(;HGA[²|;=O(Xbl=9>;=GDO(>>;H8uO(XZY²Y7Okfa GbGA<²l=GAkHl=GA[O(<[²r97O(NPI7GA[j|8:;`CGA;Hd0O<>GA<ul+©>8 kHIPd9 U NyOl=IP8:<k8:<0[IJ¤ GA;=Gb<ul`|;=O(Xbl=9>;=G<>Gbl¥`8:;H¡/kMg!6IJq:9>;HG s|8(;¬[IJ¤ GA;=Gb<ul`©78-×;HGAq:IJdjGbk¬O(<>[0>O(;cO(diGbl=GA;Hk O(NP9>Gbkl=8DXZY7O(;=O(Xbl=GA;HIP³AG`lcY>GfNJIPdiIJl=k&8(|7lcY>GfO(>>;H8uO(XZY56L8(;O(NJN8(|7lcY>Gbk=GUXAO(k=Gbk+GUIJ<¯HGAXlcGb[OD>NJ9>djG IP<]OnXAGANJN&8(|l=Y>GF|;cO(Xlc9>;HG^<>Gl¥+8(;=¡O(<>[WIPdi 8(k=GA[Y>GAO([aC8:9><[7O(;HQXb8:<>[>IlcIJ8:<>kvg!Oll=Y>GvIP<>NJGblckU8(; 8:9l=NPGbl=k`8|&|;cO(Xlc9>;HGD8:;¬IJlcY²OY>GRO[²q:;cO[>IPGb<lZs5°UY>Gw©78- O(<>[²lc;=O(<>kH 8:;.lf;HGAk=9NJlck+O(;=GwG O(NJ97OlcGb[ 8:<Wl=GAk.l{XRO(kHGAkMIJ< 8:N IJ<>q0Xb8:di7O(;=IJk=8:<kwIJl=YkHIPd9>NPOlcIJ8:< Gb;H|8:;HdjGb[¦8:<l=Y>Gk=O(diGkHQ/k.lcGAd]@a>9l lcY>GjG>NJIPXAIlvq:GA8:diGbl=;HQaCGAIP<q;=Gb>;=Gbk=Gb<l=GA[5¦µØGj>;=kHl>;=Gbk=GA<ul;HGAkH9>NJl=k^|8:;^k=IP<q:NPG|;cOXblc9;=G0|8:; Y>IPXZYW8:9>;O(>;=8uO(XZYWq:97O(;=O(<ulcGbGAkDGtO(Xblw©78-¸O(<>[WIP<WOikHGAXA8(<>[¦7O(;.lD;HGAkH9>NJl=k|8:;k.Q<ul=Y>Gbl=IPXO<>[ ;=GAO(NPIJkHlcIJXDk.Qk.lcGbdjkb5 À!¿7À§Ä
(6) . VWOlc;HI[>I¤9k=IP8(<]IJkOi¡GbQ>;H8XbGAkHkDIP<§l=Y>GFG O(NP9>OlcIJ8:<8(|l=Y>GFlc;cO<>kH|Gb;l=IPdiG{8(|Oi>NJ9>diG{IP<]O |;cO(Xlc9>;HGA[²diGA[IP9>d]5VOlc;=IÖj³A8:<>GbkO(XblfO(kf;HGblcGb<ulcIP8(<²³A8:<GAkUIP<XA;=GAO(k=IJ<>q^l=Y>GDl=;cO(<>kHIJl`lcIPdiGAkb5°UY>IJk ;=GlcGA<ul=IP8:<Gb¤ GAXl0IJkd0O IJd0ON`|8:;NPO(;=q:G§djOl=;=I¶[>I¤9>kHIP8:<Xb8G jXbIPGb<ljO(<[%|8:;nNJ8 ©78- ;=OlcGbk g®NPO(;=q:G§Xb8:<ulZO(Xljl=IPdiGAkIJl=Y l=Y>GWdjOl=;=I>st5%µØGk.lc9>[Q%Y>Gb;=GlcY>G]k=Gb<>k=IlcI Il¥Q8(|Dl=Y>G¦O>>;=8:O(XZY lc8²l=Y>G O(NP9>Gbk{8(|¬d0Olc;=IÖW[>IJ¤ 9>k=IJ8:<XA8/G iXbIPGA<ul=kA5°UY>G|;=O(Xbl=9>;=G>;H8:CGA;Hl=IPGbkM+Gb;=Gn>;=Gbk=Gb<l=GA[Ø8:< °Oa>NPG 5 µØGXZY88:kHG^l=Y>;=GbGdjOlc;HIC8:;=Gv[>I¤9>kHIP8:<]XA8/G iXbIPGA<ul=kg!! ÷ fs«U# ÷ "+ä % $ " ì @÷ ì ä % $ "&" O<>[ ÷ ç ä $ "
(7) ')( +ì *-, $ " 5°UY>Gi>NP9>diG+O(kvIP<¯HGbXblcGb[Ol * ±²dÙ8(|¬lcY>GnIP<NPGbl{O(<>[ +GiY7O GiO9><>IJl Y>GRO[W[>I¤Gb;=Gb<>XAGFaCGbl¥`GAGA<]lcY>GFIJ<>NPGlO(<>[§lcY>GF8:9lcNPGl8(|}lcY>G{|;cOXblc9;=G(5.
(8) . 6 IJq:9>;HG 56L8(9>;vl=GAk.lXRO(kHG²kHQ/k.lcGAdikA«jO(XAO([>GAdiIPXik=IJ<>q:NJGi|;=O(Xbl=9>;=G²XAO(k=Gbkg!6IPq:9>;HG0OO(<>[ÒaLst@ K k.Q<ul=Y>Gbl=IPXU|;cO(Xlc9>;HGU<>Gbl¥`8:;H¡g!6IJq:9>;HG+X-sO<>[ K×;=GAO(NPIJkHlcIJX`k.Q/kHlcGbd¹;=Gbk=9>NlcIJ<>qM|;=8:d´XA9lIP<nOMa>NJ8XZ¡ Ol w¼4 k= 8 ¼ g!6IJq:9>;HGM[Ls5 °O(a>NJG 67;cOXblc9;=GF>;=8( Gb;HlcIJGAkO(<>[Xb8:dj9lcGb;Xb8:kHlA5 NPGA<q(lcYd XAGb<ulcGA; O(CGA;.lc9>;HGFd ;HGb|2/ 5 .!0{ä * 1 5 g 1 5 2 1 5Ýs 5 k.|25 5 .!0Mä * 1 g 1 5 2 1 5Ýs 5 1 5. lc;cO<>k=diIPkHk=I Il¥Q $43 * % * ( %$%6. (. ì. *-, $. ". 8:;H8:k=Il¥Q 51 z. 6IJq:9>;HGF±587M9l=>9ldjO(k=kU©79²|8:;[>IJ¤ GA;HGA<ulw÷9 6 IPq:9>;HG 5:7M9lc9lMdjO(k=k©79W|8:;M÷!×ä ( gq:GA8:diGbl=;HQ6IPq:9>;HG aLst5 ì *;, $ " «PI <©79>GA<XAGv8(|<.!0u5. %$ " ì. °UY>G6IPq:9>;HGAki±lc8¢ >;HGAk=Gb<ul²;=Gbk=9>Nlckn|8:;lcY>G§l=Y>;=GbGXROk=GAkb5 °UY>G]IP<©>9>GA<>XbG8(|wlcY>GdjOlc;HI >[ I¤9k=IP8(<¦>;=8( Gb;HlcIJGAkMkHY>8-k{9>XANPO(k=kHIPXAO(NPNQØg®;=G|GA;Dl=8 Ô 1 Õ sIP<O²NJIJlHlcNPGF[>GbNyORQWIP<O(;H;=I ON£l=IPdiGAkDO(k `GANJNUO(k[>GbXA;=GAO(k=G8(|l=Y>G§ GAO(¡NPG GANUO<>[ÒlZO(IJNPIP<qWG¤GbXblckY>IJXZYXZY7O(<>q:G²l=Y>G§k=Y>O( G§8|wXb9>; GAk.
(9) 1. 6IPq(9>;=G 1 : 5 7M9l=>9lDd0O(kHkw©79/|8:;D÷!)ä ( ì *-, $ " «IJ< ©79>Gb<>XAGv8(|=.!0u5. %$. "&". 6IJq:9>;HG5>7M9lc>9lMdjO(k=k©79W|8:;M÷!)ä ( | .!0u5 ì *-, $ " «IP<©>9>GA<>XbG^8<. %$. "
(10) '. !g 6IJq:9>;HG{±us5µ)Y>OlcG GA;lcYGv[IPk=Xb;=GlcIP³AOlcIJ8:<O(<>[lcYGvdjOl=;=I0[>I¤9>kHIP8:<§Xb8GiXAIPGb<ulR@7lcY>GFGb;=;=8(;U8:< lcY>G{CGRO¡§O(;=;HI O(NClcIPdiGDaCGbl¥`GAGb<lcYG{;=Gb|Gb;=Gb<>XAG0g®a>NPO(XZ¡0Xb9>; GAkIJl=Y]kHr97O(;=GbkZsO(<>[§lcYGvkHdjGAO(;=Gb[ |;cO(Xlc9>;HGAknk=IJd9>NPOlcIJ8:<>kIJk+GAO(¡)g®O |GøCGA;=XbGA<ults6IJq:9>;HG±l=85678:;XA8:O(;=kHG][IPk=Xb;=GlcIP³AOlcIJ8:<@ lcY>G]k=diGRO;=GA[ |;cO(Xlc9>;HGAk²O>>;=8:O(XZY IPkidi8:;=G[>IJk=CGA;=kHI G(5 <>[>GAGb[@UIP<%lcY>Gbk=GWXRO(kHGAkA@U`G¦Y7O GO kHl=;=8:<>q(GA;¨GAr9>I ONPGA<ul¬[>IJk=CGA;=kHI IJl¥Q(5\w8-`G GA;A@+G8:alcO(IP<nq:8/8[n>;HGAXbIPk=IJ8:<n|8:;lcY>GdjOIPdjO(N>CGRO(¡ O(NP9>G|8:;UO(>;=8:;=IyOlcGD[IPk=Xb;=GlcIP³AOlcIJ8:<>k+O(<>[²IJl=Y§NP8- XA8:di>9l=GA;fXb8:kHl^g°Oa>NPG s5¨678:;+Ok=IPdiIPNPO(; [>IPkHXA;HGblcIJ³ROl=IP8:<?g . â¥0 ã#á ä * dO(<>@ [ . 0à#á ä * 1 d0s@lcYGDk=diGRO;=GA[j|;cO(Xlc9>;HGMO(>;=8uO(XZY0>;=Gbk=GA<ul=kUO NP8-`GA;¨XA8:di>9l=GA;¨XA8(kHl+O(<>[iq:88/[n>;=GbXAIJk=IP8(<¦g°O(aNPG s56L8(;lcY>G8(lcYGA;¨[>IPkHXA;HGblcIJ³ROl=IP8:<kA@>;=GbXAIJk=IP8(< [>GACGA<[>k+8:<i;=8(NPG>NyORQ(GA[0auQidjOlc;HI[IJ¤ 9>k=IJ8:<5678:;¨[>8(djIJ<7O(<ul¨[>IJ¤ 9>kHI G;=Gbq:IPdiG(@:`GDXAO(<0XZY88:kHG XA8uO;=k=GF[>IJk=Xb;=Gbl=IP³AOlcIJ8:<O(<>[8:alcO(IP<k=OlcIJkH|®O(Xlc8:;.Q²;=Gbk=9>Nlck^g®°O(a>NJG s5 °Oa>NPG GAO(¡²NPG GbN};HGANPOlcI GMGb;=;=8(;wO<>[kcO Gb[¦XA8:di>9l=GA;UXb8:kHlg®kHIP<>q(NPGM|;cOXblc9;=GFkHQ/kHl=GAd0s5 à#á à#á à#á à!á . 0 ä *1 . 0 ä * :± . 0 ä . 0 ä * * :± " ÷ ä A $ ì Gb;=;=8(; ! ± B C ± 1B 1 B B "&" ÷ ä A $ Gb;=;=8(; ! ± B C ±:±CB B ±2B "
(11) ' ÷ ä $ Gb;=;=8(; ! CB ±2B zCB B kcO GA[¦Xb8:dj9lcGb;UXA8:k.l B B :CB B. . 0. . :. à#á ä * : ± B B. z. B B. GAkH9>NJl=k|8:;}dj8/[>GbNPIP<qwkHIP<>q:NJG¬|;=O(Xbl=9>;=G+k=Y>8-lcY7OllcYG+7<>Gb;lcYGfq:;=IJ[IJkA@(l=Y>G+aCGblHlcGA;lcY>Gf;HGAkH9>NJl=k O(;=G5fxOlcIJkH|®O(Xlc8:;.Q§;=Gbk=9>NlckwO(;=GFGROk=IPNQ§8:alcO(IP<GA[§|8:;NP8-·Xb8:di>9lcGb;XA8:k.lR5f°UY>GvdjO(IP<²|GAOlc9>;HGAk8(| ©78-O(<>[²lc;=O(<>kH 8:;.lUO(;HGMIP<[>GAGb[§XRO(l=9>;=Gb[§auQ0lcYGMk=diGRO(;HGA[²|;=O(Xbl=9>;=G{O>>;=8:O(XZY5°UY>G{<>Gt/lUkHl=GA IPkfl=8nl=GAk.ll=Y>GvO(>>;H8uO(XZY]8:<|;cO(Xlc9>;HG{<>Gbl¥`8:;=¡kb5.
(12) . D E`F2HJILK p4OrqsRZkVgbstH%uaK]vVgZmZdwJK RHaZ\bGKZ\]yxR2I>z@{}| D=EGF2HJILKNM4OQPSR2HJTJUJVILWYXR2TJUJE[Z\EGR2TJ]^VTJU_E`TaEGZ\E`Vb o G E T tHJKTJXfKvRx=~!CO a V d ] e ] G b 4 R f X g V \ Z G E 2 R i T
(13) h k j O m l O n O c. G s#C
(14) sC}! qwJE`]JIdK]dKTAZdKfUxIdVXZdHJIdK]LW%]LZdK c E`])V^]LW%TCZ\wJKZ\E`XxI\VXZ\HJILKTaKZ&5R2IdO^qwJKE`TJE[Z\EVgboZ\IdVTJ]LR2I Z XR2TJUJE[Z\E`RT¡hjkO;lmO-n)VILK|!HaTJEGZ c V]d])VgZZ\wJKxI\VXZ\HJILK#¢£VTJU¥¤£E`TCZ\KId]LKfXZdE`R2T¡h
(15) ILKxKfIvZ\R¦D=E`FHJIdKM2n}O DR2I:KfVXkwNxIdVXZdHJIdKg§SK¨XkwJR%R2]dKUJE[©ªKIdKfTCZv«R2HJTJUJVILW¬XR2TJUJE[Z\EGR2TJ]mxR2I>tJRJIdR«Jb`K c h?DoE`F2HJILK¨M2n}O ®¯KmZ\K]LZdKfU@Z\wJEG]5xIdVXZdHJIdK>TaKZ&5R2IdxR2I5ZdwJIdKKmtR_IdKfFE c Kf]mh5K:XkwVTJF2KUZ\wJKrZ\I\VgTJ] c E`]L]dEG°%E[Z&W9xR2I KfVXkw£xIdVXZdHJIdK+n| hE±n8V9UJR c E`TVgTAZyVgUa°2KXZ\E[°2KIdKF2E c K:z^{:h c VgZdIdE[u#UJE[©ªHJ]LE`R2T@TaKfF2bGE`F2EG«Jb`K+n hE`E±n5VT£EGTCZ\KfI c KUJEVZ\K>ILKfF2E c K:z² hE`E`En5V9UJR c E`TJVTCZeUJEG©HJ]dE[°2K:ILKfF2E c Kvz³!hE c R2I ZkVTCZ c VgZdIdEuUJE[©ªHa]dE`RTn ®¯K@JIdK]dKTAZ«JILK+VCZdwJIdR2HaF2w´XHJIL°Kf]VgZ!ZdwJK@b`E c E[Z\]vRxeZ\waK@UJR c VE`TJ]xR2I ZdwJKZ\wJILKfK@ILKfF2E c K]!R2T D=EGF2HJILKvp9ZdR£µ+¶aO·qwJKv«JbVgXkXfHJI °2K]yeE[Z\w]d¸AHVILKf]yXfR2ILIdKf]LRTJUZdR9Z\wJKvIdKxKfILKfTJXK X+Vgb`XfHabVgZdE`R2TO ¹ bGR2«VbGbGW2§AZ\waK] c KfVIdKU@xI\VXZ\HJILKf]rVJJILRCVXkw^SR2ILA]r«KZLZ\KfI| µ2O8ewaKfT¦ILKºTaE`TJF9Z\waK c Kf]Lw DR2I=K+VXkwIdKF2E c K§5KeX+VT¨]LKfKyR2HJI·VaJIdRCVgXkwwVg]·«KZdZ\KI·JIdKXfEG]dE`RT¨xRI=ºTJK]LZ c K]dw£h
(16) qoV«JbGK ¢2nO » O8xRIUJR c E`TVTCZeUJE[©ªHa]dEG°K:IdKF2E c Kf] ®¯K>XfVT@]dKK:E`TqoV«JbGK>¢)ZdwVgZ8ZdwJK c R2IdKeZ\wJKmIdR2bGKmJb`VWKfU@«CW#ZdwJK c VgZ\ILE[uEG]SE c R2ILZ\VTCZ5ZdwJK «KZLZ\KIrEG]eZdwJKJIdKXfE`]LE`R2TªOSjZyX+VT£K+V]LE`b[W@«KvK}uaabVEGTO/®¼waKfT¦5K c R%UJKfbV9xI\VXZ\HJILK)] W%]LZ\K c 5KwV+°2KvZ\R9ZkVgK:Z&SRXfIdE[Z\KIdE`RTJ]8E`TCZdRVgXfXfRHJTCZ | h
(17) ¾¦¿yÀÂÁ&ÃĪŠn8Çȵ)EGTZ\wJK:xI\VgXZ\HaIdK ½ ² Æ ÃÄ { h
(18) É À Ã&ËÌÍÌGÃĪ Î Å nSÏ Ð E`TZ\waK c VgZdIdE[u§%ewJKfILK ~ Å EG]8Z\wJK:ZdE c K>UJE`]LXfILKZ\EGÑ+VgZdE`R2TªO ½ Ê Æ ®¼E[Z\wiZ\wJK¨] Ãc Ä KfVIdKUNxIdVXZdHJIdKVJJILRCVXkwiSK¨5R2IdeE[Z\w¯V^ILKfF2HabVI c Kf]LwO#DR2IvVgUa°2KXZ\E[°2K ILKfF2E c Kg§ c VgZ\ILE[uY«ab`R%Xk%]E`T¼Z\waK¯] c KfVIdKUÒxI\VXZ\HJILKf]£VJJILRCVXkwÒVIdKNRgZ\KfTCZdEVbGbGW¡HaTJUJKfI ½ UaE`]dXIdKZ\E`ÑKfUNh±SK>UaR9TJRZ8ILKf]LKXZ8ZdwJK>]dKXfR2TaUXIdE[Z\KfILE`R2TnO<DR2I5UJR c E`TVgTAZ5UJE[©ªHJ]LEG°KmIdKF2E c K§ ILKZ\VIdUVZ\E`RTUJHJKmZdR c VZ\IdEuUJEG©HJ]LE`R2TE`]Sb`VIdFKm]dR!ZdwVgZSXfR2TCZ\IdV]LZd]E`T#xIdVXZdHJIdK>VTJU c VgZ\ILE[u.
(19) . 6IPq(9>;=G^z5°8(lcO(N£©79GAkFOlwlcY>G^8:9l=NPGbl=kw|8:;mÓ ì « IP<©>9>GA<>XbGF8(|<.!0u5. Ô ÕGÖ2×JØLÙÚ+ÛaÜ<ÝsÞßkàáâ×%ãaÙäàgß/ß\åJÙrÞ2×aßdá`Ùßdä/æÞØSçè+é = ÕGêaâ×JÙêJëfÙvÞæ=ì!íCÜ. àØLÙ:îSÙfàïÙØfÜSðßfñÍäeÙfàädÕGÙfØ8ß\Þä\àß\Õ`ä æ±ò#ßdåJÙfäLÙ)ëØdÕGßdÙfØLÕ`Þ2êJäÜ·ÝåàgßyÕ`ä8îeåCò@ßdåJÙvädóÙ+àØLÙfô^æØ\àëß\×JØLÙ àõaõJØdÞCàgëkå¯ØLÙfäd×aáGß\ävàgØdÙ¨öÙßdßdÙfØ>æÞ2Ø:áGÞ2êJÖß\ÕGóÙ)ädëfàá`Ù9äLÕ`ó!×Já`àgß\ÕGÞ2êJä9÷ÝoàöJá`Ù¨øCùyæÞ2ØmîeåJÕGëkåNî5Ù ëfàê£×aädÙëfÞCàØLädÙôJÕ`äLëfØLÙß\ÕGú+àgßdÕ`Þ2êªÜ·Ô=Õ`êaÙfáGòß\åJÕGäeàõJõJØLÞCàëkå£Õ`ä8û2ÙØLò^ÕGêAßdÙfØLÙfäLßdÕ`êJÖ¨æÞ2ØáGÞ2êJÖ!ß\ÕGóÙ äLë+àáGÙ)àgêJô£õÞ2ä ßeëfá`Þäd×JØLÙäLÕ`ó!×aáàgßdÕ`Þ2êJäÜ. Ý= ü àgöJá`Ùvø Ùfàïá`Ùû2ÙásØLÙfá`àgß\Õ[û2Ù>ÙØdØdÞØràgêJô^ä\à+û2Ù ôëfÞ2óõJ×aßdÙfØëÞ2äLß!÷ý¨æØ\àgëß\×aØdÙväLò%äLßdÙfóù}Ü ì! þ. ÿ_Û. . ì! þ . çSÙfØLØdÞ2Ø. Û . Ú . ç yÙfØLØdÞ2Ø. Û . Ú . çèyÙfØLØdÞ2Ø. ø. ä\à+ûÙfôëÞ2óõa×aß\ÙØëfÞ2ä ß. ø2Û. . ý. ÿ¼Û. ì9 þ. ÿ. ø. . Ú. . . . Û. .
(20). Ú . Û. Ù ûÙfØLßdåJÙfáGÙfäLämá`ÕGóÕ[ß\ä5ÞæoßdåJÙàõJõJØLÞCàëkå£àõJõÙ+àØLäfÜ ÔÞ2ØëfÞ2àØdäLÙóÙädåoîSÙÞöaßkàÕGê¥öàgôØdÙäd×Já[ß\ä=ÕGæ8î5Ùá`Þ%Þ2äLÙßdåJÙæØdà ëßd×JØdÙÖ2ÙfÞ2óÙßdØLò¡÷±æÞØ)ëÞCàØdäLÙ óÙädå^óàgß\ØLÕ[ã#úfÞ2êJÙärëfàêöÙvá`ÞäLßùm÷ôJÞßLß\Ùô£ë×JØLûÙfä>ÔoÕ`Ö2×JØLÙfä àêJô ùkÜ Ù ëfàêÞ2öaädÙfØ û2Ù!ßdåàgßyß\åJÙ)ädóÙ+àØLÙfôæØ\àgëß\×aØdÙ!àgõJõJØdÞ2àëkåädóÞ%Þß\åJäeß\åaÙ öJØLÙ+àïCß\åaØdÞ2×JÖå¬ëf×JØ û2Ùf ä îSÙ£ôJÞ2êñ ßädÙfÙàäî5ÙfáGámàgäßdåJÙ¦ØLÙæÙfØLÙfêJëÙëf×aØLû2 Ù ß\åJÙ£Õ`óõàë ߨÞgæ:Ù+àëkå´æØ\àëß\×JØLÙ ÷äLÙfëÞ2êJôYõÙ+àï ôJÕ`ädàõJõÙ+àØÕGê@ß\åJÙvädóÙ+àgØdÙfô@æØdàëßd×JØdÙärë×JØLûÙfärÔ=Õ`Ö2×aØdÙ àêJô ù}Ü ðærî5Ù^õà+ò àgßLß\ÙfêCßdÕ`Þ2ê ß\Þ¬ßdåJÙfäLÙáGÕ`óÕGßd ä =ßdåJÙàõJõJØLÞCàëkå äLßkà+ò%ä¨õJØdÞóÕGädÕ`êaÖJÜ Þ2óÕ`êJàêCß!ôJÕ ×JäLÕGûÙ ØdÙÖ2Õ`óÙ9óÞ%ôJÙá`Õ`êaÖ@ë+àê¯öÙôJÞ2êJÙ¨îeÕGßdå¯ëÞCàØLädÙ#ôaÕ`ädëØdÙß\Õ`úfàgß\ÕGÞ2ê¬îeÕGßdåNßdåJÙäLóÙfàØdÙô¯æØdàëßd×JØdÙä!àõ õJØdÞ2àëkåNàêJôiõJØdÞû%Õ`ôaÙ9Ö2Þ4Þ%ô¬ØdÙäd×Já[ß\ä>îeÕ[ß\åiá`Þî ëfÞ2óõJ×aßdÙfØ:ëÞ2äLßfÜ9ÔÞ2Ø>ÞßdåJÙfØ:ØLÙfÖ2ÕGóÙämîSÙ¨åà+ûÙ¨ßdÞ .
(21) 9>kHG{7<>GAk.l[>IPkHXA;HGblcIJ³ROl=IP8:<jlc88:alcO(IP<0;=GAkH9>NJl=k+IJl=Y§q:8/8[²;=GAXbIPkHIP8:<g°O(aNPG{±ust5¨w8- +G{XAO(<²lcGbkHl l=Y>GvO(>>;H8uO(XZY]8:<W;HGRO(NJIPk.lcIPXDkHQ/kHl=GAdikA5 ÀÀ@7Î!. £À °UY>G K D¼4 k= 8¦ ¼ XRO(kHG²;=Gbk=9>Nlckv|;=8:d OXb9lIJ<l=Y>G²OXblc9>O(N+±(K¾q:GA8(djGlc;HQ g (: d aNP8/XZ¡kHXRO(NJG-st5 678:;Udi8:;=GDIP<|8:;Hd0OlcIP8(<²O(aC8:9l w¼4 k= 8>¼ @7;HGb|Gb;flc8WÔÚ Õ 5°UY>GFIJ<>IJl=IyO(N7lc;=O(<>kH 8:;.lXA8:<[>IJl=IP8:<g 5ÓBD5ÝsUO(;=G« 9><IJlMdjO(kHkMIP<O(<IP<ulcGb;=kHGAXbl=IP8:<Òg!6IJq:9>;=G : st5DµØGlZO(¡GO0Y>GAO([q:;=O([>IPGb<ulM8(| A $ ç IP<Oq:;=GbGAdiGA<ul IlcY]NP8/XRO(N <7Olc9;cO(N©>8 ·XA8:<>[IJlcIJ8:<>kFgÛ|;=8:dhlc8:;=IJq:YulUlc8naC8(l=l=8:d¾NJGb|Ûl8:<]6IJq:9>;=G ( s5 #"$. &%='"#(. a*Ç+ ) ,. ". ). 6IJq:9>;HG ( 50±(K w¼4 k= 8] ¼ |;cO(Xlc9>;HGA[¶kHIJl=GjOl : dÙkHXRO(NJGjO<>[¶kHdjGAO(;=Gb[|;=O(Xbl=9>;=GidjGbk=Yg®Y>IJq:YØO(<>[ NJ8 1NPG GANJkU(8 |[>IPkHXA;=GlcIJ³ROl=IP8:<5 µ¶GFkHl=9>[Q§l=Y>GFIP<©79GA<>XbGv8|djOlc;HI0[>IJ¤ 9>kHIP8:<« Þ <O¦7;=k.ljk.lcGb `GWdi8[GANPGb[ÒlcY>GkHQ/k.lcGAd½IlcY>8:9llcY>GdjOlc;HIÒ[IJ¤ 9>k=IJ8:<5Ò°UY>G]a>;=GAO(¡ l=Y>;=8(9>q:Y Xb9>; GAk§OlilcYGWNJIPdiIJlck8(|MlcYGkHQ/k.lcGAd Y7O GWk=G GA;=O(NDCGRO¡/kb5°UYGAk=G GAO(¡ÒXA8:; ;HGAkH 8:<[l=8[>IJ¤ GA;HGA<ul7OlcY>k|8(NPNP8-`GA[¢auQØlcY>G²NP9>diG(5 678:;^GRO(XZYCGRO(¡L@`GO(;=G§Oa>NPGilc8 [GblcGb;=diIP<>GFIlckU7Ol=Y>k^g!6IJq:9>;HG st5 Þ <O]"&" k=Gb( XA8:<>[" k.lcGAØ+G0lcO(¡(G0d0Ol=;=IÖ[>IJ¤ 9>k=IJ8:<g®djOlc;HIC8:;=Gj[>IJ¤ 9>k=IJ8:<XA8/GiXAIJGA<uln÷ ã ä $ % ì *;, $ sIP<ulc8²O(XAXb8:9><ulFO(<>[XA8:di7O(;HGa>;HGRO(¡ulcY;=8:9>q(YXA9>; GAkb5F°UY>G;=8(NPGv>NyORQ:Gb[auQ l=Y>Gid0Ol=;=IÖ[>I¤9>kHIP8:<k=Y8 k^9>¶auQØO(<ØO(;=;HI O(Nl=IPdiGn[>GANPO-Q/kb@O[>GAXb;=GROk=G08|fCGRO(¡ O(NP9G O<>[O0lZO(IJNUg!6IPq:9>;HG ±:s5^_+9lM`GnY7O GiO(<8(l=Y>GA;{G¤GbXblR«wY>GA;HGn`GY7O G Gn GAO(¡kM|8:; l=Y>Gv<>8nd0Ol=;=IÖ²[>I¤9k=IP8(<]XAO(k=GF`GvY>O GU¯H9kHllcY>;HGAGF GAO(¡kYGA<W`GFXA8:<k=IP[GA;UlcY>GFdjOlc;HI [IJ¤ 9>k=IJ8:<5 <Ò|®O(XlR@Y>Gb<%l=Y>G§>NP9djG²XAO(<[>IJ¤ 9>kHG§IP<¢lcYG§d0Ol=;=IÖ@l=Y>G§CGRO(¡kn[>GAXb;=GAO(k=G O<>[lcYG¦a>;=GAO(¡ulcY>;H8:9>q:Y×Xb9>; GAk§kH>;=GAO([×8:9lA51KMI¤9>kHIP8:< IP<ulc8lcY>GWd0Olc;=IÖ%³A8:<GAk²Y7Ok²O kHdj8/8(l=Y>IP<>qG¤GbXblg®;HGb|GA;fl=806IPq:9>;HG ±ust5 7{9;kHdjGAO(;=Gb[§|;cO(Xlc9>;HGAkwO(>>;H8uO(XZY]>;=8. IP[>Gbkq:88/[;=Gbk=9>NlckUIJl=Y]NJ8-1Xb8:dj9lcGb;UXA8:k.lR« °UY>GFCGRO(¡§O;=;=I O(N l=IPdiGAkO(;HGvIJ<O(q:;HGAGAdiGA<ulIJl=Y§lcY>GF;=G|GA;HGA<>XbG^XAO(k=G5 °UY>GFCGRO(¡ O(NJ9>GFO(;HG^O<WO GA;cOq:G^8|[>I¤Gb;=Gb<lCGRO(¡0NPG GANJkvg®[>IJk=CGA;=kHI IJl¥Q²Gb¤ GAXblZs5 µ)Y>Gb<]l=Y>GF[>IJ¤ 9>kHIP8:<§G¤GbXblk=di88lcY§lcY>G{a;=GRO¡l=Y>;=8(9>q:Y]XA9>; GAkb@ kHdjGAO(;=Gb[]|;=O(Xbl=9>;=GbkO(>>;H8uO(XZY >;H8 IJ[>GAkaCGblHlcGA;U;HGAkH9>NJl=kvg®CGRO(¡jNPG GANXb8:<ulc;=O(kHl=kwO;=GM`GRO(¡GA;O(<>[k=8l=Y>GAIJ;UO GA;=O(q:GbkwO;=G{XANJ8:k=Gwlc8 l=Y>GAIJ; O(NJ9>GAkcs5 678:;l=Y>IPk|;=O(Xbl=9>;=GkHQ/k.lcGAd]@+GXRO<oÚl¨l=GAkHl¨l=Y>GGb¤ GAXbl¬8(| 9><>[GA; [>IPkHXA;HGblcIJ³ROl=IP8:<naCGAXAO(9>k=GU|8:;Xb8uO(;Hk=G.
(22) z. -. Ô Õ`Ö×JØdÙy Ú Ü = ØdÙfàïCß\åJØLÞ2×JÖ2å9ë×JØLûÙfä·îeÕGßdåJÞ2×aß·óà ß\ØLÕ[ã#ôJÕ ×JädÕGÞ2êÜ. . Ô ÕG Ö2×JØLÙ)Úø4Ü = ôJÕ ×aädÕ`ÞêÜ. ØdÙfàïCß\åJØLÞ2×JÖ2å@ë×JØLûÙfä8îeÕ[ß\åóàgß\ØLÕ[ã. ôJÕ`äLëfØLÙß\ÕGú+àgßdÕ`Þ2êaäî5ÙráGÞ4ÞädÙ8Ö2ÙÞ2óÙß\Ø ò9Þæß\åJÙæØdàëßd×JØdÙeêJÙß&îSÞ2ØLï¨àä·ädåaÞîeêÞ2êÔ=Õ`Ö2×aØdÙ>Ú2ÚeáGÞî´á`Ùû2Ùá ÞæoôJÕ`äLëfØdÙß\ÕGú+àgßdÕ`Þ2êÜ .0/213/ 465798!:<;>=3?A@B5C=9@D:>E9FG;'5C=HFJIK5MLN.PO. Ý åaÕ`äàõJõJØLÞCàëkå õaØdÞû%Õ`ôJÙäÖ2Þ%Þ%ô´ØLÙfäd×aáGß\äÕ`ê ß\ÙØdóäÞgæ>õJØLÙfëfÕGädÕGÞ2êSáGÞî ëfÞóõJ×4ß\ÙfØëfÞäLß+Ü ÝåJÙ ×àá`Õ[ß&ò@Þæ<ßdåJÙ ØLÙfäL×JáGßdärôJÙõÙêJôJä>Þê£ß\åaÙ Õ`óõÞ2ØLß\àêJëfÙvÞæ=ß\åJÙó#àß\ØdÕã^ôJÕ ×JäLÕ`Þ2ê£àäyîSÙá`ásàämóÙfäLå ädÕGúfÙÜÝåaÙ ädóÙ+àgØdÙfô£æØ\àëß\×JØLÙfä>àgõJõJØdÞ2àëkåÕ`äeóÞ2ØdÙädõÙfëÕàáGáGò@ôaÙfôJÕGë+àgßdÙfô£ßdÞ#áGÞ2êJÖ¨ß\Ø\àgêJädõÞ2ØLßyß\ÕGóÙ àä=æÞ2ØoõÞäLß·ëá`Þ2äL×JØdÙ8ëÞ2êJôJÕ[ß\ÕGÞ2êJäoîeåaÙfØdÙ8ßdåJÙàëß\×àgáaÖ2ÙÞ2óÙß\Ø ò ÞæßdåJÙ8óàgß\ØLÕ[ã)öJáGÞ4ëkïAä<ëfàê9öÙ5ßkàïgÙfê Õ`êCß\Þ¨àgëfëfÞ×JêCß+Ü Q. R0/+RPOTSVUXWZY\[4][^`_XUbacUXWedfNY$ghd. i. . . j . ã ß\ÙêJädÕGQ Þ2êß\Þ¦ø % ëfàädÙä!Õ`ä)êJÞß!ôaÕ`ØdÙëßdáGòiõÞ2ädäLÕ`öJáGÙÜÔÞ2Ø à¦ø ädÕGêJÖ2áGÙæØdàëßd×JØdÙ=îSÙ Ødä ß!ôJÙ ß\ÙØdóÕ`êJkÙrÙ ×JÕGûgàáGÙfêCß8ßdÙfêJäLÞ2ØdÕ`àáõJØLÞ2õÙØLßdQ Õ`ÙfäSôJÙfõÙfêJôaÕ`êJÖ¨Þ2ê@ØLÙfÖ2×Já`àØ8óÙfäLåôaÕ`ØdÙëßdÕ`Þ2ê@àgêJô@æØ\àëß\×JØLÙ ädáGÞ2õQ ÙgÜ ä=î5ÙSî8àgêAß=ß\Þ>ØLÙfõJØLÙfädÙêCß·ß\åJÙ8Ù ×JÕGûg àáGÙfêCß<õJØLÞ2õÙfØLßdÕ`Ùä=öCò äLë+àá`àØd ä î5 Ù8äLßd×Jôaò ßdåJÙ5ûgàØLÕàgßdÕ`Þ2ê ÞæoÙ ×JÕGûgàáGÙfêCßeß\ÙêJädÞ2ØLÕàáõaØdÞ2õÙfØ ß\Õ`Ù äyæÞØôJÕ ÙfØLÙfêCßræØdàëßd×JØdÙväLá`Þ2õÙfäràêJôôJÕ ÙfØLÙfêCßråJÙ+àôÖ2ØdàôJÕ`ÙêCß Þ2ØdÕGÙfêCßkàß\Õ`ÞêÜðæ5îSÙëfÞ2êaädQ Õ`ôaÙfØ)à£ø ädÕGêJÖ2á`Ù9æØdàëßd×JØdÙóÞ%ôJÙoq á`Ùfô¬ p îeÕ[ß\å¯ßdåJÙädóÙ+o àØLÙfô¯æØdàëßd×JØdÙàõ õJØdÞ2w àëkå àgêJô´îeÕ[ß\å ß\åJÙ^Ù o ×JÕ[ûgàá`ÙêAßõÙfØLóÙfàöJÕ`áGÕGß&ò¥m ç l>n¥ÿ ç rutvnîeåJÙØdÙ s Õ`ä¨àiëfÞ2ØLØdÙfëß\ÕGêJÖ ëfÞ%Ù ëfÕGÙfêCG ß oîSÙõJØdÞû2Ùô ÕGä)öÞ2×JêaôJÙfô¥îeåJàgß\Ùû2ÙfØ)ß\åJÙæØ\àëß\×JØLÙ#ädáGÞ2õÙ#àêaô¥ß\åJÙåJÙfàôÖ2ØdàôJÕ`ÙêCß öÙfàØdzÕGêJÖ2o äÜ z Ùv å + à û Ù é { t t o. uxy èux0y Ü t Ù9ëkåa Þ4Þ2 ÿ x0y ßdÞ^ó ÕGêJÕ`óÕ`úÙvßdåJÙàöJäLÞ2á`×aßdÙ9ÙfØLØdÞ2ØÜ ÙàõaõJá`ÕGÙfôß\åaÙ¨àõJõJØLÞCàëkåNÞ2ê. k | äLÙ9ß\Þ^×JädÙ |. ß\åJÙø äLõ ÞæØdàëßd×JØdÙô£äLÕGß\Ù)àgß Û2Ûgó ädëfàá`ÙgÜ8Ô=ÕGÖ2×JØLÙ9Ú+ýõaØdÙfäLÙfêCß\ärß\åJÙädóÙ+àØLÙfô^æØ\àëß\×JØLÙ)óÙfäLå ×JädÙô¦àgêJôßdåJÙ:æØ\àëß\×JØLÙvõÙØdóÙ+àöJÕGá`Õ[ß&ò2Ü . Ù ×JäLÙ ßdåJÙ åJ} Ù+ àgôök Þ2| ×Jêaô · àØLòmôàg ß\àeÞgæ%ßdåJÙ | Þ2ê!ß\ØdàëfÙØ=ß\ÙäLß Þæ ädõ Þ:ßkàgädï ÷±ØdÙæÙfØ=ßdÞ. k | |. äLõ y Þ ädÕGßdÙ·àêJôvóÞ4ôaÙfáCà8õJ×aóõJÕGêJÖ8ß\ÙäLßsëfÞØdØdÙädõÞ2êJôJÕGêCß ù}ÜoÝåJÙõJ×JóõJÕGêJÖ>á`Þ%ë+àß\Õ`Þê Õ`ä=Õ`ê!ß\åaÙ8ëfÙêAßdÙfØ Þæß\åaÙ. ~ .
(23) . 6IJq:9>;HG 5¨67;cO(Xlc9>;HGF<>Gbl¥`8:;=¡§Gbr9>I O(NJGA<ul Gb;=diGRO(aIPNPIl¥Qg (. 6IJq:9>;HG 1. 5¨\wGAO([W6IPGbNP[g®d0s5. ". *-, $. st5. 6IPq:9>;HG 5¨K{O;=XbQ GANJ8XbIJl¥Qg (. |;=O(Xbl=9>;=G{<>Gl¥+8(;=¡§O(<[`GFY7O GFO>9>di>IJ<>q;cOlcGM8(|± * 2 1 * 8:<W6IJq:9>;=G 1 O<>[ 5. $!. (. ç*-, $. ". *-, $. ". st5. 5¨GAk=9NJlckO;=G{>;HGAk=Gb<ulcGA[.
(24) : °UYGAk=G0;=GAkH9>NJl=kv`GA;HG²8:alcO(IP<GA[ |8:;^NJ8-¹XA8(dj>9lcGA;vXA8(kHlR5]G Gb;Hl=Y>GANJGAk=k8:<>q:8:IJ<>q+8:;H¡ IPkF;=G r9>IP;HGA[§lc8iGAk.lZO(a>NJIPkHYl=Y>GAIJ;U>;=GbXAIJk=IP8(<5 £ÀÐnÉiÅÐ!¬ÑÄÈ-ÉiÅÄ%ǧÅÎ Á^ÃMÂ]ÄÁvÃ^ÐÆ^È Ã^Ä . . 76 8:; Kºdj8/[>GbNPIP<q>@7lcY>IJk{O(>>;H8uO(XZY >;H8 IJ[>GAkMq(88/[¦;=Gbk=9>Nlck{IJ<lcGb;=dikM8(|¬>;=GbXAIJk=IP8(<@NJ8 ´Xb8:d >9l=GA;XA8:k.lR5f°UY>G^r97O(NPIl¥Q§8(|;=GAkH9>NJl=kwdi8:;HGvXbNP8:kHGANQ[>GACGA<>[kD8:<]lcY>GvIPdi 8(;HlZO<>XAG{8(|lcY>G^d0Olc;=IÖ [>IJ¤ 9>kHIP8:<O(kv+GbNPN¬O(kvdjGbk=Y¶kHIP³bG(5 lO(>CGRO(;Hk^lcY>OlFlcY>IJkO(>;=8uOXZY¶IPkvdi8:;=Gn[>Gb[>IPXAOlcGb[¶lc8]NP8:<q lcIJdjG²kHXRO(NJGO(k|8:;C8:kHlnXbNP8:kH9>;=GXA8(<>[>IJl=IP8:<kY>GA;HGWdjOl=;=I¶[>I¤9>kHIP8:<IJkIPdi 8:;.lZO(<ulA5¢678:;lcYG ±:K¹di8[>GbNPIJ<>q>@L>;=GbNPIJdjIJ<7O(;HQ²;=GAkH9>NJl=k{O(;HG>;=Gbk=Gb<l=GA[a>9l{di8:;HG^`8:;=¡WIPkD;HGAr9>IJ;=GA[l=8§O(k=kHGAk{lcYGAIP; r97O(NPIl¥Q:5 ²Ã{ÊfÃMÂ0Ã{Å Ð^Ã^Ä 5¹ v5&x GA<>kHk=8:<5&4¹XA8:<ul=IP<9>9>d ;=Gb>;=Gbk=GA<ulcOlcIJ8:< 8(||;cO(Xlc9>;HG<>Gl¥+8:;H¡kA5£O;Hl «VWGbl=Y>8[ O<>[ a>O(k=IJXFl=GAk.lwXAO(k=GbkA5 (8:9>;H<7O(N&8(|\Q/[>;H8:NP8(q(Q 21 @>>5 - Z :@ : 5 5 ~ 5-°O<7O(¡O@ n5-VWIP<uQuO¡OR+O@(°{5 q:O(;cO(kHY>I#@ ~ 5 xY>IJq:GA<>85-4D>>NJIPXAOlcIJ8:<M8(|±:Kk=diGRO(;HGA[F|;cO(Xlc9>;HG di8/[>GANl=8il=Y>GFYuQ[;cO(9>NJIPX{IJdj7OXblU8(|}lcYG w¼4 k= 8n ¼ lc9<><>GAN!5Cx F_)Gb 8:;.lR5 BfÍz: @ z:z:5 ±5 4^5678:9>;=<8>@BD5/E{;=GA<IPGA;b@uTU5/VW8:9>XZYG(@En5°UY>8:9 GA<>IJ<0O(<[0\v5u_+GA<>O(a [GA;cOY>d0O<>G(5 M97ONPIJ>XRO l=IP8:<²O(<>[ O(NPIJ[>IJl¥Qn8|O^k=diGRO(;HGA[§|;cO(Xlc9>;HGAkfdi8/[>GANJNPIP<qO(>;=8uOXZY²|8:;`©78-1O(<>[²l=;cO(<>kH 8(;HlUIJ< |;=O(Xbl=9>;=Gb[jdiGA[IyO5(B+8:di>9lZOlcIP8(<7O(NVWGbl=Y>8[k¬IJ<µ¢OlcGA;Gbk=8:9>;HXAGbkA5 ¨8:NP9djG @u>5u± z ± @ :u 5 5¹6`5 K{O(a>aCGA<>G5VWIGA[^\Q/a>;HIP[^6IP<IJlcGT¨NJGAdiGA<ulck&|8:;l=;cO(<k=C8:;Hl}8(| 8(NPNP9lZO(<ulckaQF9<>[>GA;Hq:;=8(9><>[ +Ol=GA;A5C;=8/X(5 lcYXA8(<|GA;HGA<>XbG^8:<§7<IJlcGFGbNPGAdiGA<ul=kIJ<²©79>IJ[>kA@7°}9>XAkH8:<@L4D;HIP³b8:<7O@ z:z:5 1 5¹GA;HGblc<IPGA¡kb5 KMI¤9k=IP8(<²IP<²l=Y>G{;=8/XZ¡²djOlc;HI «O(<§IJdjC8:;HlcO(<ul=|®O(Xlc8:;`IP<§;=O([>IP8(</9XANPIJ[>GM;HGblZO;=[7O l=IP8:< ¦(8(9>;=<7ON&8(|E{GA8(>YuQkHIPXAO(N£Gbk=GAO(;=XZY@ ¨8:N!57 1 @>w8i_f@ z( 5 5 M¼4 x 7 ¼ °6Ò+Gbak=IlcGM|8:;fl=Y>G {¼4 x 7ª ¼ °O(kH¡6L8(;=XAG{9<>[>GA;Yul=l=«Ó(UUF5 kH¡a5 kHG-lcO(k=¡u|8:;HXAG5 . . . D. . .
(25)
Documents relatifs
We propose a new visual servo approach to automatically control in real-time the full motion of a 2D ultrasound (US) probe held by a medical robot in order to reach a desired image
a) Contributions: We define an operational semantics of a TLA+ specification in terms of automata, that we called “state transition system” (STS). We remind the concepts
Our results suggest that learning within the semantic space is necessary, but not sufficient, for subjects to unlearn their Pavlovian bias, and that other task features, such
(4), to estimate the most likely outcome (the expected value of the predictand) one has to take into account and use all possible model predictions (namely one per parameter
As the gas flows into the cell, the environment surrounding the sensitive layer changes accordingly, resulting in a refractive index change within the evanescent
Finalement, à la dernière page si votre utilisateur de session actuelle linux n’a pas les droits suffisant, il se peut que vous vous retrouviez avec une page d’erreur vous
We used three different data sources: annotation files (from EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ), IMGT/LIGM-DB annotated flat files [8], and the T cell receptor FactsBook [2]. For each source,
From a public health perspective, our findings underline the importance of understanding the context (i.e. weekdays/weekend) of dish choices, as well as socio-demographic and