The International Hydrological Programme (IHP)
Intergovernmental scientific programme on Intergovernmental scientific programme on
Water Resources of the UN system y
* Created in 1975 after the International Hydrological Decade
* Member States define needs and plans of phases
* Growing emphasis on management and social aspectsGrowing emphasis on management and social aspects
Water Resources are recognized as a Water Resources are recognized as a
UNESCO Principal Priority
A new consensus is emerging
A new consensus is emerging
in international thinking about g
Water Resources
Current International Framework Current International Framework Current International Framework Current International Framework
shaping IHP’s actions shaping IHP’s actions
Millenium Development Goals (by 2015) Millenium Development Goals (by 2015)
9
9 Poverty reduction, sustainable environment, water supply Poverty reduction, sustainable environment, water supply goal
Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (WSSD, 2002)goal Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (WSSD, 2002)
9
9 Emphasizes water and sanitation goals, national water Emphasizes water and sanitation goals, national water pp gg ,, management strategies
management strategies
UN Commission for Sustainable Devevlopment (CSD) UN Commission for Sustainable Devevlopment (CSD)
9
9 20042004 2005 issues: human settlements water supply and 2005 issues: human settlements water supply and
9
9 20042004--2005 issues: human settlements, water supply and 2005 issues: human settlements, water supply and sanitation
sanitation
Global events: 4
Global events: 4thth World Water Forum (Mexico 2006)World Water Forum (Mexico 2006)
9
9 Premier political and awareness raising eventPremier political and awareness raising event
UN International Decade “Water for Life” (2005 to UN International Decade “Water for Life” (2005 to 2014)
2014)
Water Interactions : Water Interactions :
Systems at Risk and Social Systems at Risk and Social
Challenges Challenges
Phase VI (2002
Phase VI (2002 2007) 2007) Phase VI (2002
Phase VI (2002--2007) 2007)
International Hydrological Programme International Hydrological Programme
of UNESCO
of UNESCO
IHP
IHP VI (2002 VI (2002 2007) 2007) IHP
IHP--VI (2002 VI (2002--2007) 2007)
Th 1 (T1)
Th 1 (T1) Gl b l ChGl b l Ch d W td W t
¾
¾Theme 1 (T1)Theme 1 (T1) Global Changes and Water Global Changes and Water Resources
Resources
¾
¾Theme 2 (T2)Theme 2 (T2) Integrated Watershed andIntegrated Watershed and
¾
¾Theme 2 (T2)Theme 2 (T2) Integrated Watershed and Integrated Watershed and Aquifer Dynamics
Aquifer Dynamics
¾
¾Theme 3 (T3)Theme 3 (T3)(( )) Land Habitat HydrologyLand Habitat Hydrologyyy gygy
¾
¾Theme 4 (T4)Theme 4 (T4) Water and SocietyWater and Society
¾
¾Theme 5 (T5)Theme 5 (T5) Water Education and TrainingWater Education and Training Two cross
Two cross--cutting programme components (CCPCs): cutting programme components (CCPCs):
FRIEND
FRIEND (Fl(Fl RR ii ff I tI t titi l El E ii t lt l FRIEND
FRIEND (Flow Regimes from International Experimental (Flow Regimes from International Experimental and Network Data) and
and Network Data) and HELPHELP (Hydrology for the (Hydrology for the
Environment, Life and Policy) have been identified which, Environment, Life and Policy) have been identified which, ,, y)y) ,, through their operational concept, interact with all themes.
through their operational concept, interact with all themes.
OVERVIEW OF THE SIXTH PHASE OF IHP
Theme 1 Global Changes and Water Resources
Theme 3 Land Habitat Hydrology Resources
Focal Area 1.1, Global estimation of resources: water supply and water quality (*) (**) Focal Area 1.2, Global estimation of water withdrawals
and consumption (**)
Focal Area 3.1, Drylands (*)(**) Focal Area 3.2, Wetlands (*) Focal Area 3.3, Mountains (*)(**)
Focal Area 3.4, Small islands and coastal zones (*) ( )
Focal Area 1.3, Integrated assessment of water resources in the context of global land-based activities and climate change (*)(**) Theme 2 Integrated Watershed and Aquifer
Focal Area 3.5, Urban areas and rural settlements (*)
Theme 4 Water and Society Theme 2 Integrated Watershed and Aquifer
Dynamics
Focal Area 2.1, Extreme events in land and water resources management (*)
Focal Area 2.2, International River Basins and Aquifers(*)
Theme 4 Water and Society
Focal Area 4.1, Water, civilization and ethics Focal Area 4.2, Value of water
Focal Area 4.3, Water conflicts - prevention and resolution (**)
F l A 4 4 H it i t l t d di t
Focal Area 2.3, Endorheic Basins (*)
Focal Area 2.4, Methodologies for integrated river basin management (*)(**)
Focal Area 4.4, Human security in water-related disasters and degrading environments (*)(**)
Focal Area 4.5, Public awareness raising on water interactions (*)(**)
Th 5 W t Ed ti d T i i Theme 5 Water Education and Training
Focal Area 5.1, Teaching techniques and material development (*)(**)
Focal Area 5.2, Continuing education and training for selected target groups (*) Focal Area 5.3, Crossing the digital divide (*), g g ( )
Focal Area 5.4, Institutional development and networking for WET (*)
(*) Indicates connections with FRIEND (**) Indicates connections with HELP
P di L k
P di L k
Paradigm Lock Paradigm Lock
……based on outdated knowledge and technology
Process hydrology Water managers and
stakeholders
ideas
research design output
understanding Accepted implementation
practices
Isolated by legal and professional precedence
Isolated by lack of proven utility
p
...
Real people Real catchments Real answers
HELP
Hydrology for the Environment, Life and
P li
HTTP //WWW UNESCO ORG/WATER/IHP/HELP
Policy
The HELP initiative is establishing a global network of
HTTP://WWW.UNESCO.ORG/WATER/IHP/HELP
The HELP initiative is establishing a global network of catchments to improve the links between hydrology and the needs of society.
The HELP catchments provide a framework for scientists, managers and policy-experts to come together to address locally defined water related
p y p g y
issues. These include:
- Water and food Water and climate - Water and climate - Water and conflict
- Water quality and human health - Water and the environment
Real people Real catchments Real answers
Water hazard Water hazard
as a major challenge as a major challenge j j g g
¾
¾ Intensifying and increasing occurrence of Intensifying and increasing occurrence of
t l t d h d i t f th
t l t d h d i t f th
water related hazard in many part of the water related hazard in many part of the world
world
¾
¾ Serious concern on climate change such as Serious concern on climate change such as
¾
¾ Serious concern on climate change such as Serious concern on climate change such as extreme hydrologic events and sea level
extreme hydrologic events and sea level i i
i i
rising
rising
Major floods and droughts worldwide in 2002 (GWES)
Flood Drought
Germany ChinaChina Korea
Germany
Czech ドイツ
Austria
Korea Czech
China
Nepal
USA
Mexico Senegal
Turkey
France Afghanistan
Russia
USA Nepal
India
Bangladesh Haiti/ Jamaica
Ecuador Philippines
Vietnam Senegal
Ethiopia
Sri Lanka
Bolivia Uruguay
Ecuador
Peru Micronesia
Indonesia Kenya
Sri Lanka
Kenya
Uruguay
There is pressing need to develop advanced risk management on water hazard in order to secure human life and ensure
sustainable socio-economic development and poverty sustainable socio-economic development and poverty alleviation.
WATER EDUCATION
WATER EDUCATION
WATER EDUCATION
WATER EDUCATION
If the current trend continues, sub If the current trend continues, sub-- Saharan Africa will
Saharan Africa will not not reach MDG water reach MDG water target
target g g
Progress in Progress in drinking water coverage, 1990-
2002
(UNICEF/WHO JMP)
Many countries
Many countries not not on track to reach on track to reach Many countries
Many countries not not on track to reach on track to reach MDG sanitation target
MDG sanitation target
Progress in sanitation sanitation coverage, 1990-
2002
(UNICEF/WHO (UNICEF/WHO
JMP)
E i ti C t d I tit t E i ti C t d I tit t
Existing Centers and Institutes Existing Centers and Institutes
CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY 1::
CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY 1::
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¾ UNESCOUNESCO--IHE Institute for Water Education (Delft, The IHE Institute for Water Education (Delft, The N th l d )
N th l d ) Netherlands) Netherlands) CATEGORY 2 CATEGORY 2::
¾
¾ IRTCUD IRTCUD –– International Research & Training Center International Research & Training Center (Belgrade Serbia & Montenegro)
(Belgrade Serbia & Montenegro) (Belgrade, Serbia & Montenegro) (Belgrade, Serbia & Montenegro)
¾
¾ IRTCES IRTCES -- International Research & Training Center on International Research & Training Center on Erosi
Erosion &on & Sedimentation (Beijing, China)Sedimentation (Beijing, China)
¾
¾ CATHALAC CATHALAC –– Centro del Agua para los TrCentro del Agua para los Tróópicos picos H
Húúmedos de LAC (Panama City, Panama)medos de LAC (Panama City, Panama)
¾
¾ Humid Tropics Hydrology Center for South East Asia &Humid Tropics Hydrology Center for South East Asia &
¾
¾ Humid Tropics Hydrology Center for South East Asia & Humid Tropics Hydrology Center for South East Asia &
the Pacific (Kuala Lumpur, Malasia) the Pacific (Kuala Lumpur, Malasia)
Existing Centers and Institutes Existing Centers and Institutes Existing Centers and Institutes Existing Centers and Institutes
CATEGORY 2
CATEGORY 2 (cont.):(cont.):
¾
¾ RCTWSRCTWS –– Regional Center for Training and WaterRegional Center for Training and Water
¾
¾ RCTWS RCTWS –– Regional Center for Training and Water Regional Center for Training and Water Studies in Arid & Semiarid Zones (Cairo, Egypt) Studies in Arid & Semiarid Zones (Cairo, Egypt)
¾
¾ RCUWM RCUWM –– Regional Center on Urban Water Regional Center on Urban Water
M t (T h I )
M t (T h I )
Management (Teheran, Iran) Management (Teheran, Iran)
¾
¾ ICQHHS ICQHHS –– International Center on Qanats and Historic International Center on Qanats and Historic Hydraulic Structures (Yazd, I.R. of Iran)
Hydraulic Structures (Yazd, I.R. of Iran)yd au c St uctu es ( a d,yd au c St uctu es ( a d, oo a )a )
¾
¾ CAZALAC CAZALAC -- Centro del Agua para Zonas Aridas y Centro del Agua para Zonas Aridas y Semi
Semiááridas de LAC ridas de LAC -- (La Serena, Chile)(La Serena, Chile)(( ,, ))
Centers in the pipeline Centers in the pipeline Centers in the pipeline Centers in the pipeline
¾
¾ International Center for Water Hazards and Risk Management International Center for Water Hazards and Risk Management -- ICHARM (Tsukuba, Japan)
ICHARM (Tsukuba, Japan)
¾
¾ IGRAC IGRAC –– International Groundwater Assessment CenterInternational Groundwater Assessment Center (Utrecht, The (Utrecht, The Netherlads)
Netherlads) Netherlads) Netherlads)
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¾ Regional Ecohydrology Center Regional Ecohydrology Center –– Europe (Lodz, Poland) Europe (Lodz, Poland)
¾
¾ Centro Regional para la GestiCentro Regional para la Gestióón del Agua en Zonas Urbanas LACn del Agua en Zonas Urbanas LAC
¾
¾ Centro Regional para la GestiCentro Regional para la Gestióón del Agua en Zonas Urbanas LAC n del Agua en Zonas Urbanas LAC (Bogot
(Bogotáá, Colombia) , Colombia)
¾
¾ Regional Drought Center for Subsaharan Africa ( location TBD)Regional Drought Center for Subsaharan Africa ( location TBD)
¾
¾ Regional Center for Shared Aquifer Resources (Tripoli, Libia)Regional Center for Shared Aquifer Resources (Tripoli, Libia)
¾
¾ Regional Ecohydrology Center Regional Ecohydrology Center -- LAC (Argentina)LAC (Argentina)
¾
¾ Regional Ecohydrology Center Regional Ecohydrology Center –– SEA & Pac (Indonesia)SEA & Pac (Indonesia)
From
Potential Conflict
to
Co-operation Potential
Water for Peace
a contribution to
World Water Assessment Programme
GLOBAL FRESHWATER RESOURCES
Relation between water availability and population
World Water Assessment Programme
(WWAP) (WWAP)
( )
The State of The World’s
Freshwater Resources
Th h ll ll h Th h ll ll h
The challenge we all have The challenge we all have
H t t t i th i d H t t t i th i d How to put water in the minds How to put water in the minds
of people?
of people?
UNESCO Water Portal
UNESCO Water Portal
www.unesco.org/water
www.unesco.org/water
•Over 40% of the world’s population relies on transboundary water resources for their on transboundary water resources for their secure and stable livelihoods
•99% of all accessible freshwater in Aquifers
•99% of all accessible freshwater in Aquifers
•Transboundary aquifers are found on every continent
continent
•However, a worldwide inventory of
b d if i b il d
transboundary aquifers is yet to be compiled
•The functions and functioning of aquifer The functions and functioning of aquifer
systems is often poorly understood
Some Key facts
•In Europe there are 89 transboundary aquifers reported by 25 countries In 16 aquifers, reported by 25 countries. In 16 countries over 70% of potable water is drawn from transboundary aquifers drawn from transboundary aquifers (UNECE)
• Regional Scale -The Nubian
Sandstone Aquifer
Aquifer –
Transboundary Issues
In common with many parts of the World, Africa
.t i d d ith t b d if th t
too is endowed with transboundary aquifers that have not as yet been completely investigated
from MARGAT( UNESCO-OSS)
Partnership/Initiative
Often dueocedures, available data can not be compared and are inadequate to plan compared and are inadequate to plan regional action for the sustainable development and use of shared groundwater development and use of shared groundwater resources.
D t th l k f li bl i tifi
Due to the lack of reliable scientific knowledge and information conflicts may
i arise .
Moreover there are many gaps in the y g p
development of legal frameworks that can
correctly be applied for aquifers. y pp q
Key feature of transboundary aquifers is that the flow must cross an international that the flow must cross an international boundary.
Many of these systems may recharge in one country and discharge in another and y g
pollution movement along the border of pollution is dictated by flow directions
p y
Careful assessment of regional impacts Careful assessment of regional impacts
is needed is needed is needed is needed
Because Because
¾
¾
Impacts are subtle Impacts are subtle
¾
¾
Widely spread in Widely spread in
¾
¾
Widely spread in Widely spread in space
space
D l d i ti D l d i ti
¾
¾
Delayed in time Delayed in time
IHP VI -Theme 2 -Integrated Watershed and Aquifer Dynamics
and Aquifer Dynamics
Focal Area 2.2: International River Basins and Aquifers
Seeks to improve Seeks to improve
- the existing scientific knowledge and
provide a comprehensive assessment of
human-watershed-aquifer interactions
combining all relevant activities and
physical and ecological process;
--
the equitable sharing of the resources with the aim of the equitable sharing of the resources with the aim of preventing conflicts between stakeholders;
preventing conflicts between stakeholders; and and preventing conflicts between stakeholders;
preventing conflicts between stakeholders; and and
-- the establishment of common principles for the establishment of common principles for the establishment of common principles for the establishment of common principles for transboundary aquifers resources management in transboundary aquifers resources management in
different parts of the world different parts of the world different parts of the world.
different parts of the world.
UNESCO together with FAO UN UNESCO together with FAO,UN ECE,IAH, and several other agencies
established in 2002 the Type II Partnership established in 2002 the Type II Partnership
on Internationally Shared Aquifer
Resource Management (ISARM) initiative, Resource Management (ISARM) initiative,
which promotes efforts for the sound management of transboundary aquifers.
management of transboundary aquifers.
Egypt and Jordan are underlain by huge transboundary aquifers that they share with
neighbouring countries.
