Approche documentaire Traitement des eaux souterraines Travail à eﬀectuer

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Approche documentaire

Traitement des eaux souterraines

Travail à effectuer

•

Lire le document en entier.

•

À l’aide des données physico-chimiques fournies dans le texte et en annexe, analyser l’élimination des ions fer. Pour une eau contenant 50 mg

·

L

⁻¹

d’ions fer (sous forme II et III) et 300 mg

·

L

⁻¹

d’ions hydrogénocarbonate, rechercher les conditions de pH pour précipiter le fer de façon à ce que sa concentration finale en solution soit inférieure à 0,05 mg

·

L

⁻¹

sans qu’il y ait précipitation de FeCO

₃

.

Faire des hypothèses simplificatrices du problème.

•

Analyser l’élimination des ions manganèse (on peut trouver des eaux contenant jusqu’à 4 mg

·

L

⁻¹

de manganèse alors que la concentration ne doit pas dépasser 0,05 mg

·

L

⁻¹

).

•

Étudier la thermodynamique de l’élimination de l’ammoniac.

•

Comparer les deux méthodes d’élimination des ions nitrate.

•

Présenter les problèmes à résoudre pour le contrôle de l’équilibre calco-carbonique via la neutrali- sation ou l’adoucisssement.

Le document

Les eaux souterraines peuvent contenir de grandes quantités de matières minérales, lesquelles peuvent être néfastes à la santé si leurs concentrations sont trop importantes. Le document à analyser est extrait de l’article « La production et le traitement des eaux destinées à l’alimentation et à la prépa- ration de denrées alimentaires »,

Emmanuel Jestin

de l’agence de l’eau Seine-Normandie, direction des bocages normands.

Une annexe regroupant quelques données physico-chimiques est fournie page suivante.

Analyse documentaire proposée par Florence Edard 1

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Données physico-chimiques

•

Masses molaires atomiques

Élément H C O Mn Fe

M/[ g·

mol

⁻¹

] 1,0 12,0 16,0 54,9 55,8

•

Constantes d’acidité de CO

₂

(aq) : pK

_A1

= 6, 3 et pK

_A2

= 10, 3

•

Produits de solubilité

Sel Fe(OH)

₃

(s) FeCO

₃

(s)

pK

_s

38,6 10,5

•

Potentiels standard :

Couple O

₂

(g)/H

₂

O(l) Fe

³⁺

/Fe

²⁺

N

₂

(g)/NH

⁺₄

Cl

₂

(aq)/Cl

^–

E^◦/[V]

1,23 0,77 0,27 1,39

•

Diagramme potentiel-pH du manganèse à la concentration atomique totale 1,0

×

10

⁻³

mol

·

L

⁻¹

pH E/V

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

−1,

0

−1,

2

−1,

4

−1,

6

−0,

8

−0,

6

−0,

4

−0,

2 0, 0 0, 2 0, 4 0, 6 0, 8 1, 0 1, 2 1, 4 1, 6

MnO

^–₄

MnO

₂

(s)

MnO

^2–₄

Mn

²⁺

Mn(OH)

₂

(s)

Mn(s)

Analyse documentaire proposée par Florence Edard 2

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