User interaction and performance evaluation in content-based visual information retrieval

(1)

!#"

$&%('*),+,$&-.$0/1+32456/87:9;)-<'=+,5?>A@B$ CD)9*7:$FE,E,$&@B)HGJIKCL@B/

M NPORQ STU#OVQPWYXZU\[]^T W_Ta` bcOVQ<de]Qgf W_TaXO

hjikW_lnmoWpUq[]^T [rT s ]^TUPOtTUvuvw WxNPOV`

y [NqmoW_lzST{d|]QPf WpUq[]^T } O~UQP[OikW_l

V

%B)

"

$0E,$&/A+

"

$&$.'?'.K'1@B+

"

$28$FE3E56$&/K&$0E28$J4 /B51$&)E5+

"

$28$$0/$0;$

%9;@B)3918+,$0/B56)$J;)';2B$J2B$

!

98+$&@B) 2B$0EE56$&/K&$0E08-$0/A+,569;/P5/B7:9;)-.'*+,5?>A@B$

%K'*)

V,Jz

¡¢¢

n£

28$

¤

$&/K2BE,B@B)#¥§¦ 6$&-<'*1/B$F¨

GH©$0E,$Jª «J¬¬A¬¬

J®Lª

®L¯ ®

°*±1±1°

(2)

'ZK'1@B+ $\28$0E E,&5$0/K$FE&E,@B)v6$q%B)$F' A5?E.28$$0EE56$&@B)EGH©B56$&))CL@B/A+ $&%B©('*/B$';)©('*/K2 ';56$&+

&92B5)$0+,$&@K)E28$.+©$FE$.$+¬A¬¬n';@8+,91),5?E,$456-.%B)$0EE569;/ 28$<?'P%B)

"

$0E,$&/A+,$+,©$0E,$;rE'*/(E$¬8%B)5-.$0) 2491%B56/B591/

E,@B)6$0E%B)9;%91E,5+,569;/KEH>A@B5vE,9;/A+

"

$0/B9;/K

"

$&$FE&I

$0/$&1$;6$

±

-<'*5

°*±;±A°

"!#$

&%1'1&>A@B$0E('V®*)e®

¤

(3)

"!#!

$%"&')(+*

),-

&. /0"!#!

132

&.'

,

4!5'6&7&

,78

'9!:;!5'6&<

1

1I3=/A+),9828@K+,569;/IJIIIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI

1I

°

9*+,56='=+591/ IJIIIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI

°

1I> GH©K$0E,56EH9=1$&)A56$? IIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI >

1I@ B56$&/A+,5BA(91/A+,)5B@B+,569;/KEe9*7+,©K56EH+©B$0E,5?E IJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @

CED '6&.

&.GF"HI9

),KJ

!#*

2

&LM'N O;!5'6&

!

* P

° I3=/A+),9828@K+,569;/IJIIIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Q

° I1I 'R©('=+35?E-@B+,56-.$0285?'SR#IIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Q

° I1I

°

¦e++©B$ )91EE,5/B9*7 -<'*/ vE56$&/K&$0E{IIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI T

° I1I> 9A'*?E'*/K2 %B)9;B6$&-<EH56/PA5?E,@K'*56/87:9;)-<'=+591/ )$+),56$&='* IJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI ±

° I°

¯ 56E,@K';%($0)&$&%8+591/IJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI

° I° I GH©K$©A@K-.';/ 5?E@('*E E+,$0- IJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI

° I° I°

CL),$F'=+,+,$&/A+51$JE,56-56?'*)5+ IIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI >

° I° I> C $0)&$&%8+@K'*1),91@B%B56/B IIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI >

° I> U|91-.%(91/B$&/A+EH9;7'U()V=

¤

IJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI XW

° I>KI CL),$0%B)9&$0EE56/B9*7+,©B$5?E@K';2898@B-.$0/1+ IJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Y

° I>KI

°

K$0'*+,@B)$0E';/K2P©K'*)';+,$&)5?E +560EL$&¬A+)'1+$02v7:),91- 5-<';;$0EIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Z

° I>KI> [ @K$&)<7:9;)-@B?'=+591/ IIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI

° @

° I>KI@ [ @K$&)%B)9&$0EE56/B.'*/K2PE,5-.566';),5+ <-.$0'1E@B)$0E IIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI

° W

° I>KIW K$0'*+,@B)$ ';0$0EEH'*/K2g2B'*+'.E +9;)'*1$IIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI

° Y

° I>KIY [ @K$&)%K'*)';2B51-.E0),$FE@K+E2856E,%B?' ;8)$&6$&='*/($7:$&$F28K';]\ IIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI

° Z

° I@ ®D¬B'*-.%B6$E 8E+$&-<EVIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI

° Z

° I@(I [ )V=^U`_a[ @B$&) )(b=-<'*;$';/K2gA5?28$09bU|91/A+,$&/A+ IIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI

° Q

° I@(I

°

¯ 5)'*1$IIIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI

° Q

° I@(I> CL56c3@B/A+$&)FBCD©B9;+,9;99\8$+*I IIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI

° Q

° I@(I@ q¦

¤

IIIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI

° Q

° I@(IW )e69;)?e9;)62 IJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI

° T

° I@(IY d +©B$&)3E 8E+$&-<EcIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI > ±

° IW ¤

$&?'=+,$F2v5?EE@B$FEIIIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI > ±

° IWBI qCL®|e_9Z IJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI > ±

° IWBI

° ¤

$+,)56$&='*9;7n9;+,©B$0)-$F285?'IIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI > °

° IY [email protected].';) IIJIIIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI >@

(4)

>KI E+,$0-'*)©B5+,$F+,@K),$ IJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI >SY

>KI1I 69;('*E+,)@K+@B),$ IJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI >SY

>KI1I

° !

5?E +),56B@8+591/IIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI >SY

>KI1I> ®"!56$&/A+7:$0'*+,@B)$';&&$0EEgIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI >)Z

>KI1I@ c '*)2;?H'*)$^IJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI >ST

>KI

° #%$&#('

IIIIJIIIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI >ST

>KI

° I B9;%$ IIIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @ ±

>KI

° I°

'R© () 7:91)H+,©B$ 28$FE,&),56%8+591/NR IIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @ ±

>KI

° I> ®D¬B'*-.%B6$

#%$&#('

&92B$ IIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @&

>KI

° I@ ¦ %B%B6560'=+591/KE IJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @ >

>KI> K$0'*+,@B)$0EIIIJIIIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @S@

>KI>KI U|9191) IIIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @S@

>KI>KI

°

Gn$¬+@B),$ IIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @)W

>KI>KI> ¦ /B/B9;+'=+591/ IIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @ Y

>KI>KI@ K$0'*+,@B)$ 91-%('*)56E,9;/ IIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @ Y

>KI@ K$0'*+,@B)$ ?|$051©1+5/KE©B$&-.$FE.IIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @;Z

>KI@(I )H'1E5? ?|$051©1+5/K56/+*-,.0/21<IIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @;Z

>KI@(I

°

U|91-.%K'*)5/K.E,$&1$&)'*(7:$0'*+,@B)$ ?|$051©A+,56/B1E IJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @ Q

>KI@(I> 8$&%K';)'*+,$&b?e$&56;©A+,56/B+,©B$J7:$F'=+@B),$1),91@B%KEIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI W ±

>KI@(I@ 8$&%K';)'*+,$&?e$&56;©A+,56/BR%91E,5+51$ '*/K2/B$01'=+51$ >1@K$&)91-.%(91/B$&/A+E¥

¤

98&©K59(4E

-.$&+,©B98289191 B¨PIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI W ±

>KI@(IW ¦ 2B285+,569;/K';7:$0'*+,@B)$ ?|$051©A+,56/B7§';+9;)EH$F'*)/B$027:),91-@KE,$&)56/A+,$0)'1+,569;/ IJIIIJI W

>KIW ®L='*6@K'=+591/v9*7+,©K$*-,.0/21E 8E+,$&- IIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI W>

>KIWBI G ¤ W

±;±

2B'=+'*K'1E$oIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI W4@

>KIWBI

° G ¤ ° W

±1±

2B'*+';K';E,$JIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI WSW

>KIWBI> ' ';E,©B56/B*+9;/P2B'=+'*K'1E$ IIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI WSW

>KIWBI@ U|91),$02B'=+'*K'1E$ IIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI WY

>KIWBIW U|91-.%K'*)56E,9;/ 9*7+,©B$$0='*6@K'=+591/KE IIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI WY

>KIY [email protected].';) IIJIIIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI W Z

354 2 &.

4!5'6& 06

@(I E,';B565+56/g56-<'*1$)$+),56$&='; IIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI WT

@(I1I = /A+$&)';+591/gE,%$&$02xIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Y ±

@(I1I

°

8$0'*)©g%B),@K/B5/KIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Y ±

@(I1I> d +©B$&)@(E,';B565+ v5?E,E,@B$0EzIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI YSQ

@(I

°

[ @K$&)E +'*),+,56/B.%(915/A+ IJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI YSQ

@(I

° I Gn$¬+FK'*/B/K9*+'*+,569;/ IJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI YST

@(I

° I° = -<';;$J$¬B'*-.%B6$1¥E¨3IJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI YST

@(I

° I> = -<';;$E$0;-.$&/A+EH9;))$&;569;/(EIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Z ±

@(I

° I@ ;\;$+©xIIIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Z ±

@(I

° IW d +©B$&)3E+';)+5/K%9;56/A+E IIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Z ±

@(I>E=/A+$&)';+591/v%K';)'12856;-<E IIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Z

@(I>KI [ @K$&) <+,$&¬A+@K'*n'*/B/B9;+'*+,569;/ IJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Z

@(I>KI

°

[ @K$&) $¬B'*-.%B6$1¥E¨<IIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Z °

@(I>KI> = -<';;$JB)9?3E56/B9;)H+';),1$+E$F'*)© IIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Z °

@(I>KI@ d +©B$&)%('*)';2856;-<EIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Z °

@(I@ CL),$FE$0/A+'=+591/v9;7r+,©K$ E$F'*)©v)$0E,@B+EIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Z4>

@(I@(I E$0)5/A+$&),7§';$FEe7:9;)7*8,.9/:1 IIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Z4>

@(IW ¤

$&6$&='*/K&$7:$&$02BK';]\ IIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI ZW

@(IWBI +,)'=+,$0;56$0Ee7:91)%(9AE5+,56;$'*/(2 /K$&1'*+,56;$),$0$0='*/K&$ 7:$0$028(';]\kIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Z4Y

@(IY $0';),/B56/B9=;$0)HE,$&1$&)'*+,$0-.%(91)';E,0'*6$0EIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Q ±

@(IYKI ¦ /K'*8E5?EH9*7 @KE,$&)69;AK$FE IIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Q

°

(5)

@(IYKI> ®D¬8%($0),56-.$&/A+';%($0)7:91),-<'*/($J9*7n+,©B$6$0';),/B$F27§'1+9;)vIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Q@

@(IZ ¦ ©K5$0)';)© 7:9;)6$0';),/B56/B IJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Q)Z

@(IQ [email protected].';) IIJIIIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI QSQ

*5;!5'6&`'6L

!

*

O 6"1

WBI ®L='*6@K'=+591/v56/ +$¬+3)$+,)56$&='* IIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI T °

WBI1I c 56E+,91) IIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI T °

WBI1I

° G ¤

®VUK_GH$&¬+

¤ ® +,)56$&='*<U|91/87:$&)$&/K&$ IIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI T °

WBI1I> d +©B$&)32B$&;$091%B-.$&/A+EaIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI TSY

WBI

°

®L='*6@K'=+591/v56/g5?E@('*56/87:9;)-<'=+,569;/g)$+,)56$&='* IJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI TSY

WBI

° I c 56E+,91) IIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI T)Z

WBI

° I°

CL),91B6$&-<EaIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI TST

WBI

° I> !

98@B-.$0/1+ &9;6$F+591/KEeIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI TST

WBI

° I@ [ @K$&)<+'1E\8EPIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI ± >

WBI

° IW ¤

$&6$&='*/K&$ @K281-$0/A+E IIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI ± >

WBI

° IY C $0)7:91),-<';/K$-.$0';E,@B)$0EtIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI ± W

WBI

° IZ $0';E,@B)5/K+©B$%$&),7:9;)-.';/K$9*7 )$&6$&='*/K&$ 7:$0$028(';]\ IIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI ± T

WBI> ¦7:@K ';@8+,91-.'*+,$F2v5?E@K';5/B7:9;)-.'*+,569;/g),$&+,)5$0='*($0/K©B-<'*) \IJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI ± T

WBI>KI )e$0/K©B-<'*) \5/B.E,9*7+?H'*)$cIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI ±

WBI>KI

°

U|91/;AK1@B),56/B+,©K$($0/K©B-<'*) \.7:9;)39;+,©B$0)5-<';;$J2B'=+'*K'1E$FEIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI

WBI>KI> ¦ /P$¬B'*-.%B6$$&='*6@K'*+,569;/ IIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI

WBI>KI@ K),91-56-<'*;$FE|+,9<-@K+5-.$02B56' IIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI °

WBI@ ¦ ?e$&;_AK'1E$F2$&/K©B-<';)^\56/BE 8E+$&- IIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI °

WBI@(I d 1$&)5$? IJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI >

WBI@(I

°

U|91-.-@B/B5?&'*+,569;/ 7:)';-.$?e9;) \ IIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI >

WBI@(I> U|91/;AK1@B),56/B+,©K$($0/K©B-<'*) \oIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @

WBI@(I@ ¤

$0E,@B+EzIIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @

WBIW GH©K$ / aIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI XW

WBIWBI 'R©('=+ &';/P-.'\;$J'($0/K©B-<'*) \vE,@K&&$0EE 7:@BR IIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI XW

WBIY 'R©('=+3$&?E,$J0'*/g($$&/(©B-<'*) \;$02NR IJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI XW

WBIYKI 99\5/K7:91)3'.E%$0&5A(J56-<'*1$\IIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Y

WBIYKI

°

99\5/K7:91)3'/A@K-$&)9*7 E,5-.566';)5-<'*1$0E IIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Y

WBIYKI> 99\5/K7:91)3'.E\1$+©g9*7 '*/P56-.';;$ IIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Y

WBIYKI@ G'*);$&+3E$F'*)©\¥:91)3&';6$02 5-<';;$JB)9?3E56/BA¨IIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Y

WBIYKIW CL)'1+560'*'*%B%K5?&'*+,569;/ +,$0E+E IJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Y

WBIYKIY $0';E,@B)$+,©B$ E&';6';B565+ <9*7 '+U()V=

¤ E E+,$0- IIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Z

WBIYKIZ Gn$0E+E7:9;)3E,%($F5?'*'*%K%B5?&'*+,569;/P'*)$0'1EjIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Z

WBIYKIQ ®L='*6@K'=+591/ 9;7 U()V=

¤

5/A+,$0)7§'1$FE IJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Z

WBIZ GH©K$ +),@B+,©#'*9;@8+ U|91),$0#IIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Z

WBIZ8I )H'1E5?%($0)7:91),-<'*/(${IIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI Q

WBIZ8I

°

d %B+,56-5&56/B.+©B$ >A@B$&)56-.';;$#IIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI T

WBIZ8I> ¤

$&-.9=5/B.K'12v56-<'*1$0E IIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI T

WBIZ8I@ ¤

$&-.9=5/B.K'12 &6'1E,E,$0E IIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI

°;±

WBIZ8IW U|)$0'*+,56/B<'/B$?KE,-<'*6$0)H5/;$0)+$02AK6$IIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI °

WBIZ8IY ¦,%($0)7:$F+%$&),7:9;)-<'*/K&$IIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI °

WBIZ8IZ ®D¬+,$&/(E56;$J6$0'*)/B56/B9*77:$0'=+@B)$ ?e$&56;©A+E#IIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI

°1°

WBIZ8IQ U|91-.%K'*)56E,9;/IIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI ° >

WBIQ [email protected].';) IIJIIIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI ° @

*5!#;!5'6&<

1C

YKI Gn)';28$0-.';)^\8ERIJIIIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI ° Y

YKI1I c 56E+,91) v9*7+,)';28$0-.';)^\8EIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI ° Y

YKI1I

° ' 9;) \K9?V7:91)H+,)';28$0-<'*) \E$F'*)© '*/(2v191'*?Ee9*7+,©B$)$+),56$&=';%K),98$FE,E IIJIIIJI ° Z

YKI1I> U|9828$FE3'*/(2 &6'1E,E,5A&'=+591/KE|7:9;)H+)'128$&-<'*) \8E IIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI ° Q

(6)

YKI1IW E56/B *8,.9/:1 7:91)H+,)';28$0-.';)^\<)$+),56$&=';aIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI >

°

YKI1IY ¦7:)'*-.$?|91)^\.7:91)H+,)';28$0-.';)^\<)$+),56$&=';IIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI >SY

YKI1IZ U|91/K6@KE,591/ IIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI >SY

YKI

°

$0285?&';0=-.';;$FEIIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI >)Z

YKI

° I ¦ %B%B6560'=+591/$A($&?2BE ?5+,©B56/g+,©B$-.$02B560'*2891-.';5/ IIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI >)Z

YKI

° I° ¦ %K),9 $0+H7:91)@B/K<5-<'*1$J),$&+,)5$0 ';IIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI >)Z

YKI

° I> U|91/K6@KE,591/KE IIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI >SQ

YKI> [email protected].';) IIJIIIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI >ST

P D '6&<S*5!#'N& 1 3 1

Z8I [email protected].';) IIJIIIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @&

Z8I

° ¤

$0&';9;7r+©B$-<'*56/P'1©B56$&;$0-.$&/A+E IJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @

°

Z8I> K@8+,@K),$)$0E,$0';)©v2B5)$0+,569;/KExIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @S@

Z8I>KI *8,.9/:1 IJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @S@

Z8I>KI

° ¦ =';),56$+9;7-.$F2856'IIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @S@

Z8I>KI> ¤

$0'*n'*%B%B65?&'=+591/KE IJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @S@

Z8I>KI@ K$0'*+,@B)$0EPIIJIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @)W

Z8I>KIW q'*/K';;$&-.$0/1+H7:@B/(+,569;/(E3'*/K2gE,$0@K),5+ IIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @)W

Z8I>KIY E$0)5/A+$&)';+591/ IJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @ Y

Z8I>KIZ ®L='*6@K'=+591/ IIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIIJIIJIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIJIIIIJIIIJI @ Y

'N;!5'6& 1 3 6

*#'N

190

!5 '6L !-

<

19

P

!5 '6L

; * 1 "1

H !: *5!#'

-

1

2 &

,

/

1

(7)

GH©B$L;)9?5/B3';-.9;@B/A+r9;7BA5?E,@K'*15/87:91),-<'*+,569;/$&56/B %B)9828@K&$02'*/(2-<';28$L' =';5?'*B6$ 9;/ +,©B$ ?|91),?2 ?5628$

?e$&g'*/K2 9;/ 9*+,©K$&)H-.$0285?'E,@K©g';E 9;@B)/K';6E

/B$?3E%('*%$&)ED9;)e56'+,$0$056E,591/ &),$F'=+,$FE|+,©B$J/B$0$02<+92B$&;$091%

+9A916E37:9;) -.';/K'*15/K.+,©B$FE$2B'=+'BI3¦ E3+,©B$@KE,$9*7 +$¬+,@K';';/B/B9;+'=+591/KE-<' g5/A+,)9828@K&$ /B$?p';-B56;@B5+,56$0E

';/K2<$&))9;)ED'*/K2vE56/K$ 5+H5?EL1$&)I?e9;) \S_A56/1+$&/KE,56;$;19;/A+$&/A+ K';E,$02.5?E@('*K56/87:91),-<'=+591/)$+,)56$&='*¥MU()e¯e=

¤ ¨

©K'1E $&$0/q%B)9;%91E,$02g+9 ';@8+,91-.'*+,5?&'; $&¬+,)';+-.$0'*/K5/B;7:@B5/87:91),-<'*+,569;/#7:)9;- 56E,@K';2898&@B-.$&/A+E0IGH©K$

7:$F'=+,@K),$FEL9;7+,©B$FE$ 56E,@K'*2898@K-$0/A+EH'*)$ E+,9;)$02v'*/K20'*/$@KE$F2<7:91)e>A@B$0)56/BKI d 7+,$0/A+,©B$J>A@B$&)5/B56E

2891/B$K'1E$F2v91/ $&¬8';-.%B$J56-<'*;$FE¥M[ )H® _ [ @B$&)< ® ¬B';-%K$ ¨I

'R5+,©B56/ +,©K$<7:)';-.$?e9;) \#9*7e+,©B5?E+©B$0E,56E0 '#9;/A+$&/A+ K';E,$02\56-.';;$.)$+,)56$&='*3¥U() = ¤

¨E8E+,$0-g/K';-$F2

*8,.9/:1©K'1EH($0$&/#)$0'*+,$F2;?©B5?©g5?EH%K';)+9*7+,©K$Jª =-<'*1$J56/K2856/BGn9A91D¥

¨I

GH©B$J-.91E+356-%9;),+';/A+&9;/A+,)56B@8+,569;/(EH%B),$FE$0/A+,$02 56/ +©B5?EH+,©B$FE5?E'*)$

/:1 , /:1 ,56/ U()V=

¤

F7:)9;-p56-%K),9=56/B3+©B$H),$FE%9;/KE,$D+5-.$e9*7' E E+,$0- 7:9;) $++$&) 56/A+,$&)';+,56

5+ v+,96$0';),/K5/B.9=1$&)3E,$&;$0)';+,$0-%9;)'*nE,0'*6$0E3';/K2P='*)591@KEH@KE,$&)31),91@B%KEH@KE,5/Kv285$0),$0/1+3-.$&+,©B982BE

7:9;)%91E,5+51$'*/K2 /B$&A'=+51$ 7:$0$028(';]\q¥ $0+,569;/a@A¨I

, g56/v5?E@('*K56/87:91),-<'=+591/<),$&+,)5$0='*(';/K2.+©B$ &),$F'=+,569;/<9;7r'&9;-.%B6$+,$0.'*@B+,9;-<'*+,5?3$&/K©

-<'*) \.7:9;) U()V=

¤

\¥$F+591/ W1¨I

d @B)e56-.';;$),$&+,)5$0='*E8E+,$&- *8,.9/:1"!5?E|(';E,$02<91/ E,$&;$0)';(-.$&+,©B982BEH'*/(2 ';19;)5+©B-<E +,©('=+3'*)$3+'4\;$0/

7:)9;-^+,©B$691E,$&v)$&?'=+$02 AK$062P9;7 +,$¬+¥§9;) 5/87:91),-<'*+,569;/(¨H)$+),56$&=';L¥§G

¤

6=

¤

¨I0d @B)E 8E+,$0-^%B)9=;$F2+©K'=+

5+5?E@KE,$7:@B +928$&1$&69;% '#EE+,$0- 9;7H&9;-.%(91/B$&/A+E ?©B$&)$<%K'*),+E0'*/ $),$0%B?';$F2q$F';E,5;I B@B),+,©B$0)0r+,©B$

@KE,$J9*7?|$0v+$0©B/B9191;56$0EHE,@K© '1E

¤

Ee+,9.562B$&/A+,5756-.';;$FE'*/K2%) '1Ee'?'*/B1@K'*1$3+9.2B$0E)5$2B'=+'

©K'1E ';6E,9<E©B9?/P+9<($5-.%9;),+';/1+F('1EH+,©B$FE$ +,$0©K/B9;69;15$FE ?56r$E,@B%B%9;),+,$02g7:91) '.69;/B.+5-.$'*/K2 +,©K$

%$&)-.5++©B$ 285?E +),56B@8+$02g@KE,$9*7r+©B$ E E+,$0-PID¦p28$+'*56$F2 28$FE,&),56%8+591/P0'*/g($J7:91@B/K2g56/ 8$0+591/ >

¦_7:@K/K2B'*-.$0/1+'*e%K'*),+ 9*77*8,.9/:1P56E +,©B$ #@B+,56-$F285?'

¤

$&+,)5$0 ';#';)^\@B% '*/B1@K'*1$

#%$&#('$#

I GH©B56E

&9;-.-@B/K560'=+,569;/v%B),9;+,9891(/K9*+H9;/BE$0),1$02<'1E|'E$0%K'*)'=+591/<9*7+©B$@KE$0)H5/A+,$0)7§'1$'*/K2+,©B$J';+,@K';>A@B$0)

$0/B;56/B$;|B@8+'*?E,9q-<';28$g%91EE56B6$PE,$&1$&)'*L7:@B)+©B$&)2B$&;$091%B-.$&/A+EE,@K©~'1E6$0';),/K5/B\7:)9;- @KE,$&).69;4A($FE

';/K2 +,©K$ )$0'*+,569;/ 9*7 '#7:@B '*@8+9;-<'=+56($0/K©B-<'*) \5/B7:)';-$?|91)^\I@K©Z'%B),9;+,9891|';69?3EJ7:9;)+,©B$

E+';/K2B'*)285&$F2 '1&$FE,E|+9.+,©B$ E 8E +$&-PI

%'&)(+*-,/.102(+*436508791.

E$0) 56/A+,$&)';+,569;/ '*/K2q@KE,';B565+P5/K&@(28$.-.';/ 285:$&)$&/A+';E,%($F+E 56/ U()V=

¤

IGH©B$.56/A+,$&)';+,565+P9*7e'

E 8E+$&-x5?E ©B56;©B28$0%($0/K28$0/1+|9;/+,©B$)$0E,%(91/KE,$HE,%$&$02I d 7+$&/A' )$0E,%9;/KE,$e+,56-$9;7"E,$091/K256EDE,$&$0/'1E+,©B$

65-.5+ 7:91) 56/A+,$&)';+,565+1I GH©B5?E3+©B$0E,56E %B)$0E,$&/A+E E$0;$&)'*r-$&+,©B982BE 7:9;))$028@K&5/K<+,©B$>A@B$&)v+5-.$5/56-<'*1$

)$+),56$&='*';/K2$0;$&/v;56;$0E|+©B$ %91EE,5B5665+ .+9$&¬$F@8+$>1@K$&)5$FE ?5+,©P'-<'*¬56-@K-k),$FE%9;/KE,$3+5-.$J65-.5+0BE,9

+©B$@KE,$&)3&';/ ('*?'*/K&$$+?e$&$0/#';&&@B)'; ';/K2gE%$&$F2 9;7r+©B$),$&+,)5$0='*)$0E,@B+E&I

¤

$0$0='*/K&$ 7:$0$028K'1]\<56EHE,$&$0/ ';Ee91/B$ 9;7+,©K$ \1$ 8EL+,9B),5?281$ +©B$E$0-.';/A+,5? A'*%v';/K2v56-.%B)9=;$ )$+),56$&=';

)$0E,@B+E0I d /K +,©B$@KE,$&) \/B9?3E ?©('=+¥E¨ ©B$ )$0';?H'*/A+E '*/K2g+©@KE&(),$&+,)5$0='*nE 8E+$&-<E/B$0$02P+9v'*/('*0$

;=<>?>A@CBED?DGF?F?FCHJIAK?LCHEMON?IPDQAMOR>AFPSANPTDOIVUWR?>PD

XY<>?>A@CBED?DOZ[U\@PTAN]H^L?KVUWIT_Ha`Y<bD

c <>?>A@CBED?DGF?F?FCHdeNYdVfgH^KPTA>PD

(8)

+©B$@KE,$&)$&©K' 569;)+,92B56E9=1$&)+,©B$v;91'; 9*7'#E$F'*)©I $&1$&)'*DE+,)'=+,$0;56$0EJ'*/(2\-.$&+,©B982BEJ7:91) )$&6$&='*/K&$

7:$0$028K'1]\ ';),$D&9;-.%K'*)$02'*/(2J$0E,%($F5?'*6 +,©B$D@(E$ 9;7/K$&1'*+,56;$7:$&$F28K'1]\ 5?E%B56/B%9;56/1+$02'1E+,©B$ \;$ 3+,931$++5/K

$+,+,$&) ),$&+,)5$0 ';),$FE@B+E0IDCD)9;K$0-.EV?5+,©P$¬B&$0EE56;$/B$&A'=+51$ 7:$0$028K'1]\v'*)$ 7:9;@B/K2P';/K2 '.E,9;6@8+,569;/g@KE,5/K

¤

980©B59(4E';19;)5+©B-_7:9;)3E,$&%('*)'=+,$0+?e$&56;©A+5/B.%91E,5+51$'*/K2g/B$01'=+51$>A@B$0) v%K'*),+EH5?EH%B)9;%91E,$02I

GH©B$.)$0'*+,569;/\9*7L@KE'*1$69;$AK6$0EJ56/

#%$&#('

7:9;)-.'*+J';69?3E $F'*)/B5/Kv7:)9;- @KE,$&)J$&©K' 569;)J'*?E9 9=;$0)

E,$&1$&)'*+$&-.%(91)';E&';$FE ';/K2'*?E,99;/P+©B$(';E,56E 9*7LE,$&;$0)';@KE,$&)E ';/K2#9*7L2B5:$&)$&/A+ @(E$0) 1),91@B%KE0I )e'1E$F2

91/ +©B$ 56-<'*;$FEH-<'*) \;$02v+,91;$&+,©B$0) @KE,$&)E&B56-.%(91)+'*/A+3'*/K2g6$0EE56-%9;),+';/A+7:$0'=+@B)$0E30'*/g($ 5?28$0/1+5A($02I

¦ /'*%B%B)91'1©+©K'=+ &9;-K5/B$FEH+,©K56E ?e$&56;©A+5/B+?5+,©g+©B$7:)$0>A@B$&/( S_AK'1E$F2b?e$&56;©A+E39*7+,©B$*8,.9/:1E 8E +$&-

5?E3E,©B9?/v+9.;56;$J;$0)<19A982 ),$FE@K+E&I

3 3 087P9 .

®L ';@('=+,569;/©K';E.E,©B9?/ +,9 $g$&¬+,)$&-.$& 5-.%9;),+'*/A+.5/K'1E5?&'; '*6e)$0E,$0';)©Z2B9;-<'*56/KE+,9 %B),9=1$

E,@K&&$0EE 91) 7§';56@B)$;I =/+$¬+),$&+,)5$0='*K+©B$<G

¤

®VU$&/K©K-.';)^\P©K'1EJ';©B56$&1$02#'gE+),91/B)56E,$56/\)$+),56$&=';

>A@K';5+.9=;$&)D+,©B$ +,$0/ ;$F'*)E 9*75+Ee$¬85?E+$&/K&$;I =/56-<'*;$ ),$&+,)5$0 ';A/B9($0/K©B-<'*) \$&¬856E+Ee'*/K25+e56Ee'*6-.91E+

56-.%(9AE,E,5K$J+9.&9;-.%K';),$'*/ .+?e9<E 8E+,$&-<EH91)$&;$0/v+9 @K281$ +©B$&56)3%$&),7:9;)-<'*/K&$ 91 $0+,56;$&;I

= /#+©B5?E3+©B$0E,56E¥$F+591/ W;¨'<7:@B#'*@8+9;-<'=+56 ($0/K©B-<'*) \g7:9;) 56-<'*1$ ),$&+,)5$0='*r5?E 2B$&;$091%($F2#'*/K2q'

7:)'*-.$?e9;) \g56E%B)$0E,$&/A+,$F2P+,©('=+ ?|91@B62\'*69? ' E56-.5?'*)$&/K©B-<';)^\56/Bv$0;$&/A+J';E5/q+,$&¬A+J)$+,)56$&='*IGH©B56E

$&/K©K-.';)^\ '*?E,9 9 $&)E';0$0EE<5?' ' ''' 5/A+$&),7§';$';/K2

#%$&#('

_K';E,$02R&9;-.-@B/K560'=+,569;/rI @K©

?e9;) \#E+56 /B$&$F2BE+,9g$.2B9;/B$+,9P-<'4\1$E,@K©\'g$&/K©B-<';)^\56/Bv$0;$&/A+J),$F'*65+ 1B@8+J+,©K$ )e$0/K©K'=+©B69;/56E

28$AK/B5+,$0P'*/g5-.%9;),+';/1+ E+,$0%g+,9?H'*)2BEH'*/g$&='*6@K'=+591/ $0;$0/1+FILGH©B5?E©K'*%B+,$&)3';6E,9<'*);@B$FE|+,©B$ /K$&$02 7:91)3'

E+';/K2B'*)285&$F2v56-<'*;$2B'*+';K';E,$ 56/K&@K2B5/B>A@B$0) +,9;%K560E'*/K2g91),)$0E,%(91/K2856/B),$0$0 ';/K$ @K2B;-.$&/A+E0I

P75 3 04791.&

¦ +©B9;@B1©P+,©B$ *-,.0/21.E E+,$0-^©(';E3/K9*+ $&$0/q';2B';%8+,$F2 +,9v';/PE,%($F5BA( 2891-.';5/rB+,©K$ +?e9'*%B%B65?&'=+591/

$&¬8';-.%B$FE<28$0E)56($F2Z56/8$0+591/ Y E,©B9?k+,©K$#%(9;+,$&/A+56';e9;7 5?E@K';5/B7:9;)-.'*+,569;/~),$&+,)5$0 ';I 1 / 1

/ 1 Z56E'#/K'=+@B)'*L';%B%B6560'=+,569;/ A($&?2 7:9;) 56-<'*;$v),$&+,)5$0 ';L';E'>A@B$&)\E+';)+5/B#%9;56/A+'*6)$0';2 q$¬85?E +E&I

A+561+©B$ 5?E@('*87:$F'=+,@K),$FED/B$0$02+,9($ ';2B';%8+,$F2+,9 +©B5?ED%K';)+56&@B6';)D%B)9;B6$&-P'*/K2.5?E@('*KE,$0';)© ?56-.91E+

65B\1$&q/B$0;$0))$&%K6'1$+,©B$<@(E$<9;7V\1$ )?|91)2KE 91) 9828$0EE@K© ';E+©B$<¯ 56$&/K/K'#9828$<$00'*@KE,$+,©B$E,$0';)© 56E

K'1E5?&';.E$0-.';/A+,5?3'*/K2.5?E@('*B7:$F'=+@B),$FEL';),$3E+,56(7§'*)e'X?e' 7:),91-$&56/B 9;7rE$0-<'*/A+,5?/K'*+,@B)$;I=+|©K'1ED$&$0/

E,©B9?/g©B9?|$0;$0)|+©K'=+5?E@K';E$F'*)©v5?E3'@KE,$7:@Br&9;-.%B6$&-.$&/A++99;+,©B$0)H+,$F©B/B5?>1@K$0E0I

$0;$0)';A';%B%B6560'=+,569;/ AK$&?2BE ';),$e28$ AK/K$027:9;) / ,9, / 1 / 1 ,/ I ®LE,%($F5?'*6+,©K$|+$¬+,@K),$'*/('*E,5?E

9;7 UeGt@B/K<5-<'*1$0EHE,$&$&-<EH+9.($ '%B)9;-.5?E56/B AK$&?2 7:9;)H+©B$@KE,$9;7 &9;/A+,$0/A+ K';E,$02+,$0©K/B56>A@B$FE&I

9 .5 &8791.&

d @B) *-,.0/:1%B)9;;)'*- 28$0-.9;/KE+,)'=+$0E +,©B$7:$0'1E56B565+ P+,9a?e9;)\a?5+©\1$&)g?'*);$7:$0'*+,@B)$E,%K'1$0E ?©B56$

E+,56 %B)9=562B5/B7§';E+J'1&$FE,E3+,9g;9982P),$&+,)5$0='*),$FE@B+E0IJ¦3+,©B91@B;© ';$0) PE,5-.%B6$7:$F'=+@B),$E$&+ ?H';E @KE,$02

+©B$ )$0E,@B+E9*73+©B$PE 8E+,$&- ?e$&)$vE'=+56E75/B '*/K2~'?'*);$56-.%B)9=;$&-.$0/1+5/~),$&+,)5$0='*H>1@('*65+ 91@B?2 ($

)$0'1©B$02v+,©B)9;@K;© E,$&1$&)'*285$0),$0/A+3-$&+,©B982BE39*7n@(E$0)5/A+,$0)'1+591/I

®L ';@('=+,569;/v%B),9=1$02.+9$+,©B$$0EE,$&/A+,5?'*%9;56/1+H56/v7:@B),+,©K$&)';28=';/K56/B +©B$ AK$&?29;7n5?E@K';(56/87:91),-<'=+591/

)$+),56$&='*I '*/ #'*%K%B5?&'*+,569;/KE'*/(2q'*6;91),5+,©K-.E $¬85?E +J5/q+,©B$IAK$062K@8+5+J56E/B9?p56-.%(91)+'*/A+ +©K'=++,©K$

&9;/KE,9;6562K'=+,$'*/K2+,©K'*+%B),91-.56E,5/Kv)$0E,$0'*)©2856),$F+591/KE 0'*/\($.5?28$&/A+,5BAK$F2#+,9 7:@B),+,©B$0)';28='*/($+,©B$IAK$&?2I

¤

$F'* ?|91),?2 '*%B%B65?&'=+591/KE ?56|/B$&$F2 E@(©Z'P;@K';)';/1+$&$.9*73E,$&)56&$'*/K2 -@K© -.9;)$<$091/B9;-.5?.5/A+$&)$0E+

-<' $;$0/B$&)'=+$02v+,©B)9;@B1©+©B56E0I

A+56-@K© ?|91)^\P/B$0$02BE +,9g$2891/B$7:9;)J),$F'* '*%B%K5?&'*+,569;/KE';EE©K9?/q56/$F+,569;/ YBI K$0'=+@B)$0E /B$&$F2

+9($';2B';%8+,$F2g+,9vE,%$05BA( ';%B%B6560'=+591/289;-<'*56/KE3';/K2g+,©K$ U()e¯e=

¤

';%B%B6560'=+,569;/(E3/B$0$02g+,9v($5/A+,$0;)'=+$02

56/A+,9+©B$ ?e9;) \K9?I¦ 1$&)v56-%9;),+';/A+ ;9A'*7:91)3+©B$ 7:@8+@B)$5?E 28$AK/B5+,$0g+,9 ;$0/B$&)'=+$ '$&/K©B-<';)^\56/B

$0;$&/A+H7:9;)H+©B$ AK$062I

(9)

3

7A02*4( ,/.102*49 504791.

4';@B;-.$&/A+'=+,569;/\28$?'g>1@('*/A+,5+

"

$28$.289;/B/

"

$&$FE 5?E@B$06$0E/@B-

"

$0),5?>A@B$0E ';&&$0EE56B6$0E +';/1+E,@B)J4= /A+,$&)/B$&+

>A@B$ A5?'24';@8+,)$0E|-

"

$0285?';ED+,$06Ee>A@B$ ?'+

"

$&

"

$0A5?E,591/91@v28$FE 91@B),/('*@8¬<'&)

"

$ "

$?' / "

$F$FE,E,5+ "

$328$2

"

$&1$&69;%B%$&)e28$0E

91@8+,566E 28$;$FE +591/P%($0),-.$+,+';/1+ 45/(28$¬B'=+591/P$+ ?'.),$F©B$&)©B$'*@B+,9;-<'*+,5?>1@K$J2B$2898@B-.$0/1+E3-@B+5-

"

$F285?';E0I

4@8+565?E,'*+,569;/ 24';/B/B9*+'=+591/KED7:91@B)/B5$FEL%('*)H@B/v91%($0)'*+,$0@B)L©@B-<'*56/v$FE +H@B/B$JE,9;6@8+,569;/ %K'*),+,56$&6$>A@B5%($0),-.$+

4'1&*$0E3E

"

$0-.';/A+,5?>1@K$'*@8¬P9; $+E )$&-<'*)>A@K'*B6$0E0I 4@8+5656E'=+591/24'*/B/B9;+'*+,569;/KE %($0@8+ +9;@8+$7:9156E $&/B1$&/K2B),$0)

28$FEv%K),91B$&-.$0E0'*) $q+,$¬+$\2

"

$F)5=';/1+@K/B$q56-<'*;$q$0E+v+,)F$FEE@K $0+,572$FE69;)E>A@456 ';),56$\E,$&69;/R6$0E

56/K28565628@(E&I 4'*/B/B9;+'*+,569;/J$0E+$&/91@8+,)$ +,)0$0E&9@8+$&@KE,$;F$+rE,$&@K$FE$FE56-<'*;$FE>A@B5;91/1+@K/5/A+

"

$&)$+91--.$0)&56';

19;/A+$+),$J'*/B/K9*+

"

$&$0E0I

!

$FE-.56569;/(E5-<';;$0Ee)$0E+,$0),91/1+E'*/KEH-.9 ;$0/g24'1&*$0E0I

'<),$F©B$&)©B$ 2456-.';;$FE E04$FE + )

"

$0

"

$&

"

$&$$0EE$0/A+,56$&6$2K'*/KE 28$0E289;-<';5/B$FEH+,$0>A@B$$ 9;@B)/K';5?E-.$v¥§566@KE

+)'*+,569;/Z24'*),+,5?6$0E¨J$+2B'*/KE$FE - "

$F2856'*+,©$0>A@B$0EJ9@ $FE 56-<'*;$FEJ7:9;/A+';@KEE5|%K'*),+,56$245/;$0/A+'*56)$0E &9;-.-.$

28$.65)$0EJ2B';/KE$FE K5B6569*+,©$0>A@B$FE&I 'v)$0©K$&)©B$2456-.';;$FE $FE+ "

$01'*6$&-.$0/1+J/

"

$F$FE,E'*56),$%(91@B)J$FE -@KE

"

$&$FE

¥§),$F©B$&)©B$L24@B)$0E24'*),+¨=6' )5-.56/B9;69;15$3¥§$&-.%B)$&56/1+$0E2856;5+'*6$0E0 ),$F91/B/K'*5?EE,';/K$ 28$|A5?E'*;$FE¨06$0En56/KE

+5+@8+EH%9;@B)H?'%K),91%B),5

"

$&+

"

$56/A+,$&66$0+@B$&66$.¥§),$F©B$&)©B$28$ -<';)>A@B$FE¨D9;@v?'-

"

$028$F56/B$;82891-.';5/K$ 9@ >A@K'*/A+5+ "

$

2456-.';;$FEE91/1+%B)9828@B5+,$FE¥:%K';)3$¬8$&-.%B6$E,0'*/B/K$&) UeGJ8%B©B9;+,9AE28$-

"

$&?'*/B91-.$0E¨I

45?2

"

$0$28$6' )$0©B$0)©B$%K'*)J6$&9;/A+,$0/A@q$0E+24$&¬A+)';5)$';@8+,91-<'=+,5?>A@B$&-.$0/1+J28$0EJ0'*)';+

"

$&)5?E +56>A@B$FE9;

$F+,56;$FE|>A@B5)$ r$+,$0/A+|'*@-.56$&@8¬6$ &9;/A+,$0/@56E,@B$&24@B/B$ 5-<';;$;I U|$FE|0'*)';+

"

$&)5?E +56>A@B$FE 9;@ 2B$0E)5%8+$&@B)E0

+$&6$FE3>A@B$28$0E3&9;@B6$&@K)Ee9;@#28$FEe+,$&¬A+@B)$0E0BE91/1+$0/g

"

$&/

"

$&)'*24@K/g/K51$0'*@PE

"

$&-<'*/A+56>A@B$J';EE$ JK';E0I

'q285?E +),56B@8+591/698&'*6$v28$FE.9;@K$0@B)E9;@~$FE&9;/A+,91@B)E2B'*/(E6$0E56-.';;$FEE,9;/A+28$FE.&'*)';+

"

$0),5?E+,5?>1@K$0E

"

$01';$0-$0/A+3@8+,565?E

"

$&$FE&I 'E$0;-.$&/A+'=+,569;/#24@B/B$5-<';;$ $0/)

"

$&;569;/(E' ;$02B$0E '*++),56B@8+E E,5-.566';5)$0E3%($0),-.$+

?'),$F>1@$+$ %K';)e)

"

$0;569;/<9;@ %K'*)H)$&?'=+591/v$&/A+),$%B6@KE56$&@K)Ee)

"

$&1591/KE&$J>A@B5

"

$0$0;$36$J/B56;$0';@ E "

$&-<';/1+56>A@B$28$0E

0'*)';+

"

$&)5?E +56>A@B$FE&I

'P),$F©B$&)©B$<%K';) $g91/1+$&/@R¥§';@ -9 1$&/Z28$ &'*)';+

"

$0),5?E+,5?>1@K$0E$¬+,)'*5+,$FE '*@B+,9;-<'*+,5?>1@K$&-.$&/A+¨/4$FE +

+9;@8+$7:9;5?EP%K'1E#E

"

$0-<'*/A+,5?>A@B$\$&+#@B/B$ )$0>A@$&+,$ '*%B%K';),$0-.-$0/A+PE,5-.%B6$ 91--.$ 9;/A+,)$G_-915+,9;@B+,$0EP6$0E

56-<'*;$FE >A@B5 &9;/A+,56$&/K/B$&/A+P@B/©K'*+ ~/4$0E+g

"

$&/

"

$&)'*6$&-.$&/A+%K'1E %91EE,5B6$;I U|$&++$ %$&),+,$ 245/B7:9;)-.'*+,569;/KE

E "

$&-<';/1+56>A@B$FE E&4'*%K%($06$36$

A

/

/ ,P0/¥:9;@

/ , .¨I =K$0E+'/K9*+,$0)L>A@B$36$7:91EE

"

$E

"

$0-<'*/A+,5?>A@B$

7§';5+ E,@B5+,$v'.@B/K$'*@8+),$2

"

$&;)';2K'=+,569;/g28$456/87:9;)-<'=+591/g65

"

$&$'*@#0'*%8+$&@B)FIVU|$+,+,$2

"

$&1)'12B'=+591/vE&4'*%K%($06$ 6$

O/ / 1 ,/e¥§9;@ / 1 .¨&9;-.-.$-.9;/A+,)

"

$J2B'*/KEH?'.51@B),$ 1I

ª "

$0';/B-.9;56/KE&86$0E3)

"

$FE@K+'=+EE,9;/A+ E,9;@B1$&/A+3E,'*+,5?E 7§';56E'*/A+E&B0'*)36$0E30'*)';+

"

$0),5?E +56>A@B$FE|2B$ K';E _A/K51$0'*@gE91/A+

7:)

"

$0>A@B$0-.-$0/A+H-.5?E$FEH$&/#91),)

"

$06'*+,569;/' ;$F$91/A+,$&/@PE

"

$&-<'*/A+,5?>A@B$J24@K/B$5-<';;$;I

CL@KE,56$&@B)E+$0©B/K56>A@B$FE&9;-.-.$|6$ 1 // /2/ / ¥:56/87:9;)-<'=+591/28$e)$+,91@B);$&/('*/A+ 2B$|4@B+,565?E,'*+,$0@B)¨

91@g4'*%B%B)$&/A+56EE,';;$<'%K'*),+,56)328$456/A+,$&)';+,569;/P' ;$F 4@B+,565?E,'*+,$0@B)39;/A+3%9;@B)K@8+ 24'*-

"

$&6569;)$&)H$FEH)

"

$0E,@B+'=+E

28$FE)$0>A@$&+,$0E0I

3 7A02*4( "! ( 5 ( *45 (#%$Y7P.'&9"*)( 3 04791.& 7P& ( ( & 36* P(5 9 .+*

08(+.

' E,9;6@8+,569;/%B),91%(9AE

"

$&$D%9;@B) ) "

$&%9;/(28),$|'*@8¬%B)9;B$0-$FEn2B$|4';/B/B9;+'=+591/ +,$06E >A@B$e$FE 9@B+E '*@B1-.$&/A+

"

$FE

$&+?'vE,@B $F+,565+ "

$;$FE +J6'v),$F©B$&)©B$2456/87:9;)-<'=+591/KE 5?E@K$&6$FE %K';) 6$.9;/A+$&/@¥MU|91/A+,$&/A+_ )H';E,$02P¯ 56E,@K'*

=/87:91),-<'*+,569;/

¤

$&+,)5$0='*0U()e¯e=

¤

91@ U|9;/A+$&/A+ _ )e'1E$F2 =-.';;$

¤

$+,)56$&='* U() =¤

¨K'1E

"

$0$E,@B) 4$&¬+,)';+591/

';@8+,91-.'*+,5?>A@B$28$0E56/K285?$FEH56E,@B$&?E24@B/B$56-<'*;$1I

(10)

Information

Abstraction Monde réel

Image

Caractéristiques Fossé sensoriel

Fossé sémantique

!" #"#%$&#"'%(*)+$-, .

/ 10'2()"!345$& 6 #)+$7)982 :3;# !" <) '$ =:>%!:% <:%((1"#?45$&($0)!<"2 A@.

<0'2()"! =0'1#-)7B4C-DECGFIHKJL+MNFIMO+CPHQL+RTS%U'MN%$V0' WRXML+CPRTS%YS%H!R=O[ZCPY*L%\SED]22$7 8-0' 2$^=;_2 =$2 '$&#

(_0'`a(*)+-b#)N #)+$K)982 :V0[c) '$ b0'(*)"4d;Q% $3e%$ ; !)+$.)fYhgS4OS^i>CPHjS $=b :% )"

;Q V#kc)+!)#"l'301#);mal'"2#"230'#Xc);;!) "#?8a- #[ma (*)+7;Q !V:>2(];! !0'3:%((%$&#"4<()4

$$^)+"$ 3;!)3#Xcn1"#X.*)KJ_DEoi^pFIqF\CGSr $1"(;Q$)+$];Q !A)"$;_ :%%;'$"2W8a- #"#`()

) !&;Q r)+!)#"l'%*#s:>2(];Q$ (%$70?c t '$"#)I$% 7)98 :u0 *$%G):% . / s0%" K0'2()"!

45$V;!!:>;!)#" (] $V#"%7v)*:%%# 0'A#Xc"CPH_RTS%MLi%RXCGFIHwpF+YxY*S>y2YL2ip'CPHQS%.dc"CPH_RTS%qPqzC{\S>HjiSKLIMERXC|}i%CGS>qPq"S]45$3)+ !

'$"#-' A;Q 3)+!)#"l'%<#Xc$%^):>$s)982 :#Xc '$"#-)+$% !V>$;_2 )(~%#"2 <#"4& #"$)I$^<0' :^m :^m4

;!)< 6;a:% _b0[c);;%$-)+2.)rMS^i^pS%Mip!SO[ZCPH >F+MEYL+RkCGF+HDNRSRXU!S%qPq"SED $&+e ! (] $&#"10'2()"!

, < c);;a:^m!*#"r;# !x07#-)u :^m :^m70?c'2(*)I$"2!x8- %##"4A;!)x#7:%$ a [.W)s (N#-)+!:%

-0'30!)+!b# =2$%^):>$! à#"4K%8I)+# !)+$! à#"1$':Î)+0'4<:%)+^):>$ -$-,2 ! 2 7#-)]:>_5$ !:>$60'

, [e%$4:%((]0)!3#"*l'5$ v%(~CJS%MK0b :>"$30)!3#"*:^m!);{$] !"8I)+$4.x[0'2()"!]0'4*LID%SEDfOS

O2FIH!HAgS S>D6 $(;_2$^)+$;_2 f5$':^%]# ]"(*) ]%$# *0 :>";'$% ^]0?c(*)+2 `}:>2(;'$7$ 0'6#-)

2)!0'>';= %_:>V 6()+$kv%0'145$"2r0'2)!0' =, !)2${$ <0[c'(*)I$"2!%.

)(# N0a:% (%$N8a %#- `% # A#"4A()4122$x;- 1 :>_-0b )+$W0!)+!A:%>$$f$m[v42`

(*)+-b#)x :^m :^m;!)+=#3:%$ a 7 c);;#, 1)+ _v)]0?c)+ '$4b(~ 0'-) . b$ :^m-, =0'2$b#? $}G){$

%$)+$b-:>[;Q !^)+%$<)+-' (%$e%$ $#"-'% < =# <0'':> !(] $b$%a$ # `!24G#"A[`'#-)](N !-,2 !4E`

#-)38-0b %$#"4;!)+2 b%[. / 0' !kv 4;Q% !8%$d0?c)+##" :%$ ";!#" !% ^(~ 0'-)=G"(*)+2 `9$%$`

8a-0}%%`')"(*)+$[`' 6la!:^m-)I$K#"A: )74:^mb )$^E.

0'"V $ $ :^m-, $#"-'% ;Q #-)4:^m%^:^m;_)+#":%$ `sl:>2(;-#"4:%)I

^):>$ -5$, 4K8a- !%##"4%`3#"46( 4u0'("#-)+"$2`V#5$a:^I)W0 u0'2= r>$w0'46>'%(;# u0

l'5$ v%( ]0'r4:^m%^:^mK$*0b4:>{$ ]0)+!x#6:^m_)+;"$r@.[ 0'"V%%$x(~ 0)2Nl$%2)#" (%$

(11)

CBIR

Caractéristiques

Traitement de requête Interface Stockage

Feedback

M decine é

Psychologie Interaction homme-machine Traitement

d’images Vision

par ordinateur

Recherche d’information

textuelle Bases de

données

Intelligence Artificielle

56;@B)$

° ')$0©B$0)©K$ %K';)H$ &9;/A+,$0/A@g$0E+3$&/g)$&?'=+,569;/P' ;$F %K@KE,56$&@B)EE,&5$0/K$FE&I

3 7A02*4( P . & &0( ( ( 9 * 3 *4( 5 ( *45 ( 36* P(

5 91.102(+.

$e%K),9 $+ *-,.0/21¥§¯ 5?E@('*=/87:91),-<'*+,569;/CL),98&$0EE56/B37:91) ®D/B©K';/K$F2

¤

$+,)56$&='*¨n$0E+ (';E

"

$eE,@B) %B6@KE,5$0@B)E

+$0©B/B5?>A@B$0E2B$ )$0©B$0)©K$ 245/B7:9;)-.'*+,569;/KE|+$¬+,@B$06$0E&9;-.-.$J$FE A©B5$0)Ee56/;$&)E

"

$0E ¥:=/;$0)+$02v56$FE¨|%9;@B)

6$E+,98]\='*1$ 28$2891/B/

"

$0$0E016$),$0$0 ';/K$ 7:$&$F28K';]\<%9;@K)e45/A+,$0)'1+591/v' ;$F34@8+565?E,'*+,$&@K)e$&+6'%(91/K2

"

$0)'*+,569;/

7:)

"

$0>A@B$0/A+,56$&6$28$FE28$0E)5%B+,$&@K)E0I U|$++$%(91/K2

"

$0)'*+,569;/ $0E+H(';E

"

$&$JE@K)$FE328$&@B¬ 91/KE+'=+'=+,569;/(EE@B56='*/A+,$FE

@B/B$&'*)';+

"

$0),5?E+,5?>1@K$e%K)

"

$0%(91/K2

"

$0)';/A+,$2B'*/(ED456-<'*;$289;/K/B$3@B/B$ (91/B/B$J28$0E)56%8+,569;/28$$&++,$ 5-<';;$

6'v7:)

"

$0>A@B$0/K$24';%B%K'*)5+,569;/q28$<&$++$0'*)'=+

"

$&)56E+,5?>A@B$ 2B';/KE45-<';;$;/K9*+

"

$ ¥:+,$&)- 7:)$0>A@B$0/K B¨ $0E+

'*69;)E

"

$&

"

$&

"

$0$

@B/B$ &';)'1+,$0),5?E+,5?>1@K$7:)

"

$0>A@B$0/1+$\2B';/KEg6'916$0+,569;/V/K$ %$&)-.$+P%K';Eg@B/K$ 9;/K/B$ E "

$0$F+,569;/rI¥:?'

7:)

"

$0>A@B$&/($J2B'*/KEH?'.916$0+,569;/8/B9;+

"

$ K916$0+,569;/ 7:),$F>A@B$&/K $0E+

"

$0

"

$0

"

$&$ ¨

$0E28$FE,&),56%8+,$0@B)E' ;$0 @B/ "

$&

"

$&

"

$ $+3@B/ P7§'*56B6$ E$0),91/1+H7§' 19;)56E

"

$0E|&';)e56?E3E91/A+e+)0$0EH285?E,&),56-.5/K';/A+E0I

4$FE%K'1$28$FE0'*)';+

"

$&)5?E+56>A@B$FE $FE +.'*@KEE,5LE56-.5?'*56)$v'*@8¬ 2898@K-$0/A+E+$¬+,@K$&?E& &';)56# '#@B/Z1)';/K2

/B91-B)$ 2B$ &';)'1+

"

$&)56E+,5?>A@B$0EJ%91EE,5B6$0Eg¥ Q W

±;±;±

¨-<'*5?E©K'1>A@B$56-.';;$ $&/&9;/A+,56$&/A+E,$&@K$0-$0/A+@B/B$

%$+5+$ %K';)+5$\¥

±1±;± °;±;±1±

¨I $vB@8+.28@Z%B)9 $&+ *-,.0/:1g$FE + "

$&A'*6$&-.$&/A+28$ )

"

$&$0) @B/B$g'*)©B5+$0+,@B)$

-.9828@B?'*56),$>A@B5B%K@B56EE,$ $+,)$285?E+),56B@

"

$0$e7§';566$&-.$&/A+0I $3E 8E +0$&-.$e-.92B@B6';5)$H%B)

"

$0E,$&/A+,$e@B/';@8+,)$' ';/A+'*1$+

©K'1>A@B$|©B$0)©K$&@B)n%($0@8+n+)' =';56$0)e' @B/B$|%K'*),+,56$e2B5:

"

$&)$&/A+$L28@69;156&5$0 6$|%K),91;)'*-.-.$D),$FE +'*/A+r/

"

$0'*/K-915/(E

@8+565?E,';B$ = $&/)

"

$FE@B+,$$%B)9 $+ .0/ 1 /P¥ Jª F¨ '*%K%($0

"

$ = Gg¥Jª = -<';;$56/K2856/BPGr99;¨I

U|$0@B5_&5|$FE+7:9;),+,$0-$0/A+'*/()

"

$2B'*/(E 6$0E+,$0©K/B9;69;15$FE ?|$0 +,$06E>A@B$v6$v?'*/K1'*1$28$ 2B$0E)5%8+591/)

%9;@B) $FE A(©K5$0)E69;v$+ ?'91-.-@B/B5?&'*+,569;/#$&+ $FE

¤

E¥§3/K57:91),-

¤

$FE91@B)&$ 98&'*+,91)¨e%9;@B) 562B$&/A+,5BAK$&)

28$FE56-.';;$FE&I

'56;@B)$ >-91/A+,)$6$0E2B5:

"

$&)$&/A+E9;-.%91E'*/A+EH28@#E 8E+0$&-.$ *-,.0/21$+36$&@B)EH56$&/(E&I

$0EJ)$0>A@$&+,$0EE,9;/A+$$0+,@

"

$&$0E ' %('*),+,56) 24@K/B$ , /:1 / ,, /P 1\¥5= r91@ Je=)'*%B©K560'*D E,$&)

=/A+,$0)7§'1$ ¨I^ /B$ %K'*),+,56$\7:9;/K2B';-.$&/A+';$ 28@ E 8E+0$0-$ $0E+P$ . 1 / / 1 0, ,

#%$&#('

<>?>A@CBED?DOZ[U\@PTAN]H^L?KVUWIT_Ha`Y<bD

G<>?>A@CBED?DGF?F?FCHJIAK?LCHEMON?IPD

<>?>A@CBED?DGF?F?FCHJIAK?LCHEMON?IPDQAMOR>AFPSANPTDOIVUWR?>PD

(12)

Indices stockés Méthode de

stockage

Sch ma de pond ration

é é Paradigme

de requête Algorithme

de feedback

Machine de recherche Extraction des

descripteurs

Interface ^Analyse _MRML

Analyse MRML Interaction avec l’utilisateur

et nouvelles images soumises

MRML Nouvelles

images

Génération de la requête

G sultats énération des ré Pr sentation

des r é

ésultats

Addition des nouvelles images

Nouvelles images

Collections d’images

!)]$ !:>$ 10' h)98 :V$2 !<:>4<:>2(];Q2)+$^%.

u #"$(]40'-)<%$" 89)#s)a ;#-)+! !)4>. / f;+$':%#*;_ (>$0'K'%;_)+%1#Xc$%G):%K0'f#-)u(*)I

:^ms0'6 :^m :^m!7%$*r$ 82v)W#-) !)u0' *0b%82%#;;Q%(%$^]0b :%"$0)!#"4*:^m!)+;!{$4 %$

A#Xc);;%$-)uv)6;!)+$A0'f#Xc$ )2:E$ )984:]#kc '$#)I$% A%$N !A#kc 89)#" _)I$. ;_ (>$

):%:+v N5$^)+!0)0'>$)+ '$(*)I$, K) l'$ v (.s)s()2:^mK0'74:^m%^:^m:>2{$N#-)u , [e%$K0

#Xc$ G)2:>>$N:% x !*4, ?e>$x$ *!)2)2$1 1#"4A:%))2:E$%$-, 5$':^d% 0)!#-)7_)

0'A0=% =2 6>a$^)+"$4<0'" :>$ (] $V#kc"(*) !2 1;_)=%_:>10)+_<#)*:%##"4:E$"2[.d[1!4 #"$)+$

45$%! "$7 b%!* N#-)s!)2r0?c 7!:>$~0'r;Q!0b%^)I$` ;!)+^)0"2(]70?c$ )2:E$~>$x !

)#"2{$m(3;Q !<#"3%40'!)2:^Q.

d#" !% ^"$%G):>4$%$<0b 8 #"2;;= 0)+!#"V: )0'<0' *;5%$ `;_)+>' (];!#"&#Xc"$ G)2:>=%)98I)

_)+

/

m!)+(%1G >`!)+![,2 c !A)+ '$2$%G):%3_)'%3 <# <$ :^m!#2"4}b%r%u V.

:^m_)+;"$!r0b4:>{$% 0b%$)"##l'5$ v%(CJ!S>M7>$A4:%)+^):>$ -$-,2 ! .Ac5%8I)+# !)+$w0'CJS%M

45$&%Q4:E$ =1 <;!#" !% ^=!)10'A0'2= =0?c"(*)+2 <)!r01(]2$%=#), !)#""$10'4= #{$^)I$^%.

"$#%'&(*),+.-0/214365!)7-8+.%9:)7(<;5=%?>-890@BAC)7(<@D(FE,%G),-HC+I-J)K%'&&+.-H5L)7(FE,E,%MN-0O-

@PAQ(<5L),-8+.%9:).(F;5

dc$%^):>$w)982 :1#Xc '$#"-)I$ [c $3;!)2% !#" (] $3#"("$ rv)7#kc2$%G):%x0?c '$#)I$"2w(*)+-:%'

$" 2$;# !" x);_4:E$^%.RV0'4A;Q$x#"4N;# !x"(;Q$)2$^A45$]#)w8"$4K0?c2$%^):>$0?c ~;!

2)(]("$ )2:E${5..S&2(*)#" (] $ `j :%!0'3:>2(]($ (];_b0%;Q_&45$=%2)0b&:>2(](3#)N_2!

(*)I'(*)+#3;Q !< ul'$ v (]8a^)+(] $b$%^):>$"5.

/

%$$$m[v4;;Q2;#" _% ^<(%$m'0'4=;_2 & 0' 3#$ (;!V0'1! ;_2!0'A#-)]4:^m%^:^m2.[

$ :^m-, 1$!) 3 # 3(~>$m'0' 0'#-)K :^m!%^:^mx0?c'(*)I$_V$>a$ !%##"4%.[43$^)I$%2"4

;!:>;!)+# =;Q !&)+(~%#%b#)]8a{$ 1$A

T

4:^m%^:^m6 !f HQF+Y%MSwMS>D^RXMS%CPH!ROS iL+MLi%R!gS>MEC-DERXCVU>U!S>DBW3#"4f0' :>;'$ *$*$> ;_)+f#%

"(;Q$)!:>KG;_2!0b )+$_& #"2~iGW>$]RXWQ# !0'-:> 8a #&$ v =!4,2 !%$&0!)+!#)K:>## :E$"2

;_2$%$&;!)2=_4)+ !:% ;60?c"'2(*)+$6W

T

4:^m%^:^m !& HQF+Y%MSNMS>D^RXMS%CPH!R<O[ZCPY*L%\SEDPW_# <(*)+2 &, $& r_)&0'A:%#)2%( 2$4`!)+;! v4

, [c !W;Q ^:> $)+2x0'*: )+^):E$%-5$, 4&)+"$W>$N 89)#" =`j[c$1;^)I$-, %( 2$;# !#-)7;Q2"#{$

0?c"e>$:>#-)'% b0)!<# &@Y]2 BYx;! (]%^b #{$^)I$^b)Zf:^mb 1v)]#Xc54:>^)+[.

N0 :>";'$% ^1)984: ik #" 8d rG>$N !f;_2!0b )+$WG)+#41;! %$AQ ) !:>2 ;;# !A0'*$%(;!

;Q N#kc5%8I)#" !)+$W;!)+^:>*, [c"#-A:>2$% $N0' 1#-5$ A0?c()4;#" _1#"2 ! .K 1:%>$$f^)+-2[`[#

)+W0'8a{$ 45$1(%#"#% !A,2 !x#"= )".N[ 3$ $; !8%$1, [c !W)+ 0'8a"$ x(;_2$^)+$1 $

(13)

$0E<E+,)'=+

"

$&;56$0E245/A+,$0)'1+591/' 1$0 4@8+,56656E'=+$&@B)E,9;/A+.@B/R'*@8+),$g%(915/A+56-.%(91)+'*/A+0I 3/ @8+5656E'=+$&@B)

$&¬%

"

$&)5-.$0/1+

"

$ '*)),56;$ /B9;)-<'*6$&-.$&/A+' 9;B+,$&/K5)q2B$0E#)

"

$0E,@B+'*+EP/B$&++,$0-.$&/A+-.$&566$&@B)E>A@4@B/p@8+5656E'=+$&@B)

-.9;56/KEv$¬8%

"

$0),56-.$&/A+

"

$P28@ 7§';5+ 2B$#4@8+,56656E'=+591/V28@ 7:$&$F28K';]\I®D/R%K';)+56&@B56$&)Fe$#7:$0$028(';]\/

"

$&A'=+,57J$0E+

E,9;@KE_A@B+,565?E

"

$q%K';) @B/@8+5656E'=+$&@B)2

"

$&B@B+'*/A+F $&/A+)' /('*/A+v@B/B$ ) "

$&%9;/(E$\5/K'12B'*%B+

"

$0$\28@ E 8E+0$0-.$;I C 9;@K)

%K';56$&)#' $g%B),91B$&-.$; /B91@KE%B)9;%91E,9;/KE24' $F+$&).@B/B$g%(91/K2

"

$0)'*+,569;/V¥§

"

$0K$0),$0-.$&/A+¨/

"

$&1'*+,56;$v';@8¬Z56-

';;$0E /B91/q-<'*)>A@

"

$&$FE3%K';)J4@8+,56656E'=+$&@B)FI

!

$FE

"

$&='*6@K'*+,569;/KE 9;/A+J-91/A+,)

"

9;/P)

"

$0E,@B+'=+E&I

¦ @o91/1+)';5)$; @B/K$@8+5656E'=+591/ $¬B$FE,E,56;$ 28@ 7:$0$028(';]\{/

"

$&A'=+57R%$&@8+_9;/(28@B56),$ ' %(91/K2

"

$0),$0)

/ "

$&1'*+,56;$0-$0/A+28$0E&'*)';+

"

¤

98&©B5

%$&)-.$+ 24'*++

"

$&%K';)

"

$0-.$&/A+$FE%K'*),+,56$0En%(9AE5+,56;$FEr$&+/

"

$&A'=+,56;$FE

28@P7:$0$028(';]\g%(91@B)36$0E 915/(28),$v'6' AK/rI $0E )

"

$FE@K+'=+EH918+,$0/@KE3E,9;/A+ E,@B%

"

%9;@B)56/A+

"

$0;)$&)H6$ 7:$0$028(';]\/

"

$&1'*+,57I

#%$&#('

56H$0E+

%91EE56B6$ 24@8+5656E,$&)<&$++$ 56/87:91),-<'=+591/Z%9;@B).'*-

"

$0569;)$&)6$0E)

"

$0E,@B+'=+E E,@B)@K/B$

"

69;/B1@B$;I U|9;/K/K'*5?E,E'*/A+3+9;@8+$0E6$0E 5-<'*1$0E>A@B5E,9;/A+-.';)>A@

"

$&$0E $&/KE,$&-B6$0E2B'*/KE @B/B$

"

$+'*%$28$7:$&$F28K'1]\

91/g%$&@B+ 9;/(E+'=+,$0)H$FEH7§'*5+EE,@B56 ';/A+E6

28$0E 56-<'*;$FE -.';)>A@

"

$&$0E\91--.$%($0)+5/K$&/A+,$FE 2B'*/KE ?'- $&-.$

"

$&+';%($ 28$7:$&$F28K';]\p91/A+ 28$FE &'

)'1+

"

$&)56E+,5?>A@B$0E|56-%9;),+';/A+,$0EH$0/g&9;-.-@K/ ¥91/B/B$¬8569;/g%(9AE5+,56;$ ¨

E5 @B/B$#56-.';;$P$0E+-<'*)>A@

"

$&$P91-.-$P%$&),+,56/B$&/A+$#$+v@B/K$'*@8+),$#91-.-$#/K9;/%($0)+5/B$0/A+,$2B';/KE<?'

" "

(14)

¥§&9;/B/B$&¬8591/ / "

$&1'*+,56;$ ¨I

)H';E

"

$&)56E+,5?>A@B$

$0/t%B)$&/K';/A+v$&/9;-.%8+$\&9;-K5$0/t28$7:9156Eg$&++$ 0'*)';+

"

$&)5?E+56>A@B$

"

$&+'*5+ 2B';/KE @B/B$ 9;/K/B$¬8569;/R%91E,5+51$

$&+v9;-B56$&/~2B$P7:9;5?E2K'*/KE.@B/K$9;/K/B$¬8569;//

"

$&A'=+,56;$1I $g7§'1+,$0@B)&';6&@B

"

$ %$&@B+'$+,)$#91-B56/

"

$g' ;$0 ?'

%9;/K2

"

$&)'=+591//B91),-<'*6$P28@E8E +0$&-.$ *-,.0/21\>1@K53$0E+<K';E

"

$&$gE@K)<$FE7:)

"

$F>A@B$&/K&$0E V$+ I $0E)

"

$0E,@B+'=+E

E,9;/A++)0$FE.%($0)7:91),-<';/1+EE,5 456/A+,$&)';+,569;/ $0E+7§';5+$q' ;$F ?' -'$0-$#(';E,$28$q2891/B/

"

2456/1+$&)';+,569;/<9;/A+

"

$+

"

$$&/B)$&156E+,)

"

$'%('*),+,56)|24@B/B$J28$&-.91/KE +)'*+,569;/+?e$&28$ *-,.0/:1$&+|91/%($0/KE,$ 9;B+,$&/K5)H28$0E

) "

$0E,@B+'*+Ee$&/K&9;)$J-$0566$&@B)E' ;$F 28$FEH)';56EH@8+565?E,'*+,$&@K)E0I

Requête

Session

Utilisateur

Groupe d’utilisateurs

Sur tous les utilisateurs

"

¦ ;$0 $&+.';%B%B)$&/A+,5?E,E'*1$\'69;/K+,$0),-.$1D9;/Z%K),91%(9AE$g28$ ) "

$F'*656E,$&) @K/~E E+0$&-.$v24'*%B%K),$0/1+56EE'*;$ E@B)

%B6@KE,5$0@B)En/K51$0'*@B¬9;-.-.$2

"

28$FEJ5/B7:9;)-.'*+,569;/KEJ2B';/KE@B/B$<E,$&@B6$.),$F>1@$+$$&+2K'*/KE@B/B$<E,$0EE569;/ 28$.),$F>A@ $+$ ¥' ;$0@B/ E$0@B B@8+¨n-.';56E

';@KE,E,5nE,@B)%B6@KE56$&@K)E

"

$&$0E E@B)4@8+565?E,'*+,$&@K)E0E,@B) @B/B$&$&),+';5/B$K';E,$28$289;/B/

"

$&$FE

2456-.';;$FEH$+3$&/AK/#E@B)H+9;@8+$0EH56/A+,$&)';+,569;/KE¥§-@B+,5_A(';E,$;8-@K+5_@8+,565?E'=+,$0@B)E¨I

"

$&+'*56?ED28$0E

"

$0&),5+,$FEH2B'*/KE&$+,+,$ E,$0+591/ %$&@K;$&/A+ $&+,)$ +),91@B

"

3 7A02*4( 3 3 0479 . ( & & &/0( ( ( & ( *4( 5 ( *45 ( 36* P(

5 91.102(+.

4"

$0='*6@K'=+591/~E+'*/(2B'*)285?E

"

$0/K91),$ +)0$0E$0;9;6@

"

$1Ir®D/

"

$&/

"

$LE@K)n28$FEn2891/B/

"

$0$0E&9;-.%B$+$&-.$&/A+n2B5:

"

$&)$&/A+$0E0

"

$&='*6@K'*+,569;/

E+';/K2B'*)285?E

"

$&$e$0E+D+,)0$0E &9;@B)'*/A+$J¥28$&%K@B56E|6$0ED';/B/

"

$0$0E TSY

±

¨r$&+L$0'*@(9;@K%.2B$ 916$0+,569;/KE0=+,$FE+ED$&+L%B@BB65?&'

+591/KE E91/A+ 285?E,%(91/B5K$FE&I

!

$0%B@B5?E TT

°

6$

/ $ 1 ,/ 2/:1 / / ¥G ¤

®VUF¨r%K),91%(9AE$|@B/B$H%B?'=+,$&7:9;)-.$

24

"

$0 ';@('=+,569;/ ¥§($0/K©B-<'*) \B¨%9;@B) $FE3-<';©B56/B$FE 28$ )$0©K$&)©B$ 28$ +$¬+,$1I U|$+ ($0/K©B-<'*) \ $FE+J28$&1$&/@#6$

(15)

E+';/K2B'*)22K'*/KE 6$289;-<'*56/B$H$+ 6$0E ) "

$0E,@B+'*+E%B)9;@B1$&/A+ >A@B$H6$0E %$&),7:9;)-<'*/K&$0E9;/A+D'*@B1-.$&/A+

"

$ "

$&/K9;)-$0-.$&/A+

%$&/K2K'*/A+3$FE285¬g28$0),/B5$0),$FEe';/B/

"

$0$0E0I

ª 91E#$P91)+E#%(91@B)q4

"

$0E#E,@B)6$0E

$&¬%

"

$&)5-.$0/1+'=+591/KE2B'*/(E$289;-<'*56/B$ 28@P+$¬+,$$+ E,%

"

$F5?'*6$&-.$&/A+3E@K) G

¤

®VU I $FE391-%91E'*/A+EH$0EE$0/1+5$06E

%9;@B)4

"

@B/B$+ / / / / , / E+';/K2B'*)285?E

"

$&$0E0A56B)$$&+3;)'=+@B5+$

28$0E 28$3)$0>A@$&+,$11>A@B5K%$&@K;$&/A+ $+,)$328$FED56-.';;$FED28$3)$0>A@$&+,$91@<@B/B$ 28$FE,&),56%8+591/.+,$¬+@B$&6$ 24@K/

"

$0EHE,@B) ?'.K'1E$ 28$289;/B/

"

$&$FE2456-<'*1$0E K6$

-.5$0@8¬$0E+D24' ;9;56)%B@(E56$&@B)E @B1$&-.$&/A+E %9;@K)%K),$0/K28)$e$0/&9;-.%8+$e?'JE@K $0+,56A5+

"

$e28$FE @8+,56656E'=+$&@B)E

28$0E / 1 / / .0/:1 1 /P>A@B5D%$&@K;$&/A+-.$FE@B)$&)6'#>A@K';5+

"

$2B$0E)

"

$&%9;/(E$FE 5|$0E+56-%9;),+';/A+

24' ;9;56)L@K/v/B91-B)$ 28$-.$0E,@B)$0E|%(91@B)e2B5:

"

$&)$&/A+E|'1E%$0+Ee28$ %$&),7:9;)-<'*/K&$ -<'*5?Ee'*@KEE5@B/B$-.$0E,@B)$

-<' +,)$0EE$¥:6$0'12 -.$F';E,@B),$ ¨e>1@K5%B@B5?E,E,$ $+),$J?'(';E,$J24@B/#&6'1E,E,$&-.$&/A+328$FE3E 8E+0$0-.$0Ee%K'*),+,5?56%K';/1+E&I

"

$0)'*+,569;/B$0D5e-<'*/K>A@B$ $&/K&9;)$@B/B$ , 1 1? 1 // 0,P0/P>A@B5|%$&)-.$+,+,$v@K/

'1&*$0ELE+';/K2B';)285?E

"

#%$&#('

$0E+e6$JE$0@B

"

$&)5+'*B6$ E+';/K2B'*)2

2B';/KEe$ 2B9;-<'*56/B$;I ' . 1 ,:,. ,28$FEL1),91@B%($FEL28$ ),$F©B$&)©B$$FE +H'*@KEE556-%9;),+';/A+,$ >A@B$ 4';0$&%B+'=+591/

"

$FE569;/ 56L$0E+ 56-%9;),+';/A+28$E,9;@B651/B$&)>1@K$

;4$FE+3@B/K$)

"

$0@B/B569;/g'*-.560'*6$ %9;@K)3%B)

"

$g$0E+),$F'*656E

"

# $ #%'

"

%B)$0E,$&/A+

"

$2K'*/KEH?'<51@B),$ YBI

Jugements de rélevance

Collection d’images

Images de requête Groupes de

jugement Mesures de

performance

Machines de recherche MRML Serveur de Benchmark

Données du système

"

$;I

"

$&%('*)

"

#%$&#('

91-.-$H?'*/BA'*1$|%9;@B)

6$0E ),$F>A@ $+$0E0I '<K'1E$28$2891/B/

"

$0$0E32456-<'*;$FE$+$FE -.$FE@B)$0E 28$ %$&),7:9;)-<'*/K&$E91/A+ '*@KEE,5r56E,56B$FE3%9;@B)

+9;@KE6$0EE 8E+0$0-$FE&I C '*).91/A+,)$$FE+ ';©K$0E28$ )$0>A@$+,$v$+<$FE @K;$&-.$0/1+E.28$ %$&),+,56/B$0/K$g/B$PE91/1+%K';E

5?E56B6$0E %(91@B)

"

$05+$&)3+9;@8+$';-B56;@+ "

$;I '<K';E,$2456-<'*;$FE31)'*+,@B5+,$FE 28$43/B56;$0)E,5+

"

$FE+ @8+565?E

"

$0$&9;-.-.$.K';E,$.%B),56/K&5%K';$1I

!

$0E'*@8+),$FE (';E,$0EJ28$2891/B/

"

$0$0EJE91/A+J';@KE,E,5 @8+5656E

"

$0$0EJ91--.$1%K'*)

$&¬$0-.%B$1B?'(';E,$J2B$IU|9;)$&9;@P?'(';E,$J2B$6'.G

"

$0

"

$056E,591/ @B5?EE$

¤

91-.';/K28$<¥§G ¤

¨I

C 91@B)3%$&)-$&++),$4';0*$FE'4

"

$&='*6@K'=+591/28$/r456-.%(91)+$>A@B$&$&/(28),915+F(@K/B$56/A+,$&),7§';&$ ?e$&q'

"

$+

"

$ )

"

$ "

$&$

>A@B5289;/B/K$ ';0*$FE '*@.($0/K©B-<'*) \I¦ %B)0$0E @B/K$ 91/;AK;@K)'*+,569;/.28$ E'J-.'1©B56/B$ 28$3)$0©K$&)©B$;*6$$&/K©B-<';)^\

User interaction and performance evaluation in content-based visual information retrieval

Information

Abstraction Monde réel

Image

Caractéristiques Fossé sensoriel

Fossé sémantique

CBIR

Caractéristiques

Traitement de requête Interface Stockage

Feedback

M decine é

Psychologie Interaction homme-machine Traitement

d’images Vision

par ordinateur

Recherche d’information

textuelle Bases de

données

Intelligence Artificielle

Indices stockés Méthode de

stockage

Sch ma de pond ration

é é Paradigme

de requête Algorithme

de feedback

Machine de recherche Extraction des

descripteurs

Interface Analyse MRML

Analyse MRML Interaction avec l’utilisateur

et nouvelles images soumises

MRML Nouvelles

images

Génération de la requête

G sultats énération des ré Pr sentation

des r é

ésultats

Addition des nouvelles images

Nouvelles images

Collections d’images

Requête

Session

Utilisateur

Groupe d’utilisateurs

Sur tous les utilisateurs

Jugements de rélevance

Collection d’images

Images de requête Groupes de

jugement Mesures de

performance

Machines de recherche MRML Serveur de Benchmark

Données du système

Interface ^Analyse _MRML