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Composition of mineral-stabilized bituminous roofing materials
Lebedeva, I. K.; Surmeli, D. D.; National Research Council of Canada.
Division of Building Research
CANADA INSTITUTE
FOR SClElVTlFlC AND TECHNICAL
INFORMATION
INSTITUT CANADIEN
DE L'INFORMATIOIV SClENTlFlQUE
ET TECHlVlQUE
N R C / CNR T T-
1888 'TECHNICAL TRANSLATION TRADUCTION TECHNIQUEI.K. LEBEDEVA AND D.D. SLlRMELl
COMPOSITION OF MINERAL-STABILIZED BITUMINOUS
ROOFING MATERIALS
STROITEL'NYE MATERIALY, 21 (7): 2 6 - 2 7 , 1975
T R A N S L A T E D BY
/
T R A D U C T I O N DEV. POPPE
THIS IS THE TWO HUNDRED AND TWENTY-NINTH IN THE SERIES OF TRANSLATIONS PREPARED FOR THE DIVISION OF BUILDING RESEARCH
TRADUCTION N U M ~ R O 229 DE LA S ~ R I E PREPAREE POUR LA DIVISION DES RECHERCHES EN BATIMENT
OTTAWA
1976
National Research
Conseil national
I
*
Council Canada
de recherches Canada
TECHNICAL TRANSLATION 1888 TRADUCTION TECHNIQUE
Composition of mineral-stabilized bituminous roofing materials
(Sostavy pokrovnoi massy ruberoida)
Author/Auteur: I.K. Lebedeva and D.D. Surmeli
Reference/RgfGrence: Stroitel'nye Materialy, 21 (7): 26-27, 1975
Translator/Traducteur: V . Poppe, Translation Services/Service de traduction
Canada Institute for Institut canadien de
Scientific and Technical l'information scientifique et
Informat ion technique
Ottawa, Canada K1A OS2
PREFACE
The effect of mineral stabilizers on the performance and durability of
asphalt is a well established phenomenon. If such stabilizers are not added,
asphalt exposed to solar radiation combined with other weathering factors,
such as temperature and moisture, experiences photo-oxidat
ion, hardening, and
surface cracking (alligatoring). Until recently, mineral stabilizers were
added on an empirical basis, but there is now available a fair amount of
knowledge based on research carried out in laboratories in industry and govern-
ment. The work of D.J. Smith, presented at the 1975 ASTM Symposium on Bitu-
minous Roofing Materials in Montreal, deserves special mention. He has deter-
mined the role of various types of mineral stabilizers and has established the
correlation between the physical properties of bituminous coatings and the
economic aspects of asphalt minerals.
This paper by Lebedeva and Surmeli is a further valuable contribution to
understanding the process of ageing and stabilization of bituminous materials.
The Division here records its thanks to V. Poppe of Translation Services,
C I S T I ,
NRC, who translated this report, and to Dr. H. Laaly of DBR for checking
it for technical accuracy.
Ottawa
November 1976
C
.
B
.
Crawford
Director, DRRINRC
COMPOSITION OF MINERAL-STABILIZED BITUMINOUS
ROOFING MATERIALS
The existing standard for mineral-stabilized bituminous roofing materials
permits the use of mineral fillers which satisfy the requirements with respect
to density, water content, particle size distribution of the filler, oil absorp-
tion, and the content of free acids and alkalies.
The durability of roofing materials increases with the content of fillers
and therefore GOST 10923-64 sets the lower limit for the filler content at not
less than 20% (by weight). The maximum filler content which would satisfy the
requirements set out in the standard has not been established.
The use of local fillers and their maximum content in the mineral-stabilized
bituminous roofing materials were studied* at the
VNIIproektpolimerkrovlyaInstitute (probably: All-Union Research and Design Institute of Polymer Roofing
Materials. Trans1
.).
The present paper describes the results of investigations of physical and
mechanical properties of roofing materials in relation to the type and content
of fillers, as well as the effect of fillers on the changes in the chemical
(overall) composition of roofing materials in the process of ageing.
The following fillers were used in the experiments: ground quartz sand,
talc-magnesite, and dolomitic limestone (see Table 1) in the amounts of 20, 40
and 60%, and talc (traditional filler). The binder was bitumen obtained by
oxidizing oil tar in a batcher.
The particle size distribution of fillers corresponded to
GOST10923-64.
The specific surface determined by the air permeability method was 3500 cm2/g.
The roofing materials were prepared in a laboratory mixer (mixing rate
300 rpm, time 45 min, heating to 180~~).
*
I.K. Lebedeva and D.D. Surmeli. Use of dolomitic limestone as a filler for
mineral-stabilized bituminous roofing materials. In: Polymer Building
Materials. Trudy VNIINSM, No. 34, Moscow, 1973.
The atmospheric r e s i s t a n c e and ageing of r o o f i n g m a t e r i a l s were t e s t e d on 0 . 8 rnm t h i c k specimens o b t a i n e d by r o l l i n g a t 1 5 0 ' ~ ( t h e specimens were glued t o h e a t e d duralumin p l a t e s and p l a c e d i n an a r t i f i c i a l weather chamber). The t e s t i n g c o n d i t i o n s s a t i s f i e d t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o u t l i n e d i n GOST 18956-73.
The d a t a i n Table 2 show t h a t t h e s o f t e n i n g p o i n t of m a t e r i a l s i n c r e a s e s , w h i l e p e n e t r a t i o n d e c r e a s e s w i t h an i n c r e a s e i n t h e f i l l e r c o n t e n t . An i n c r e a s e
i n t h e number o f c y c l e s o f atmospheric r e s i s t a n c e t e s t s had t h e same e f f e c t . The a g e i n g r a t e o f m a t e r i a l s s u b j e c t e d t o r a d i a t i o n , r a i n and f r e e z i n g i n t h e weather chamber could b e deduced from t h e i n c r e a s e i n t h e s o f t e n i n g p o i n t , and t o a l e s s e r e x t e n t ( f o r f i l l e d bitumen) from t h e d e c r e a s e i n p e n e t r a t i o n . Ageing o f c o v e r i n g m a t e r i a l s c o n t a i n i n g d i f f e r e n t f i l l e r s was p r a c t i c a l l y i d e n t i c a l . The o n l y d i f f e r e n c e was t h a t on u s i n g t a l c and t a l c - m a g n e s i t e , t h e changes o c c u r r e d f a s t e r i n t h e i n i t i a l t e s t i n g p e r i o d .
The d u r a b i l i t y o f r o o f i n g m a t e r i a l s could be deduced b e s t from t h e
number o f t e s t c y c l e s t o f a i l u r e (appearance o f c a v i t i e s and deep c r a c k s ) . The h i g h e s t atmospheric r e s i s t a n c e i n terms o f c y c l e s t o f a i l u r e was observed on u s i n g t a l c (118 c y c l e s f o r specimens c o n t a i n i n g 20% t a l c , and 136 c y c l e s f o r a t a l c c o n t e n t o f 4 0 % ) . The corresponding f i g u r e s f o r specimens c o n t a i n i n g t a l c - magnesite were 114 and 131 c y c l e s . I n t h e c a s e o f d o l o m i t i c l i m e s t o n e , t h e f i g u r e s were 110 and 127 c y c l e s . The atmospheric r e s i s t a n c e was lowest on u s i n g ground q u a r t z sand (107 and 124 c y c l e s ) . The atmospheric r e s i s t a n c e
i n c r e a s e d w i t h i n c r e a s i n g t h e f i l l e r c o n t e n t t o 40%. I t i n c r e a s e d o n l y slowly a f t e r t h a t .
While t e s t i n g t h e weather r e s i s t a n c e o f r o o f i n g m a t e r i a l s , we have a l s o i n v e s t i g a t e d t h e changes i n t h e o v e r a l l chcmi c a l composi t ion o f h i t u ~ l l ~ n . * These changes i n d i f f e r e n t m a t e r i a l s were about t h e same. On i n c r e a s i n g t h e f i l l e r c o n t e n t , t h e o i l c o n t e n t d e c r e a s e d , t h e a s p h a l t e n e c o n t e n t i n c r e a s e d , w h i l e t h e c o n t e n t o f r e s i n s remained c o n s t a n t . The changes i n t h e o v e r a l l chemical composition were g r e a t e s t i n specimens c o n t a i n i n g up t o 20% o f f i l l e r . The o n l y e x c e p t i o n were m a t e r i a l s c o n t a i n i n g l i m e s t o n e . A f t e r 100 c y c l e s , t h e
a
c o n t e n t o f o i l s and r e s i n s o f t h e s e m a t e r i a l s i n c r e a s e d , w h i l e t h e a s p h a l t e n e c o n t e n t d e c r e a s e d .
* Zhestkov, D . K . Component a n a l y s i s o f t h e heavy f r a c t i o n o f o i l s and bitumens
i n small samples. I n "Methods o f a n a l y s i s of o r g a n i c compounds o f o i l , t h e i r m i x t u r e s and d e r i v a t i v e s " . Moscow, "Nauka", 1969, pp. 20-27.
The r a t e of change i n t h e o v e r a l l composition was p r a c t i c a l l y c o n s t a n t i n specimens c o n t a i n i n g 40 t o 60% o f f i l l e r .
Roofing m a t e r i a l s c o n t a i n i n g d i f f e r e n t amounts o f f i l l e r were used t o p r e p a r e samples of m i n e r a l - s t a b i l i z e d bitumen. I t was determined t h a t m i n e r a l - s t a b i l i z e d bitumen c o n t a i n i n g up t o 40% t a l c , t a l c - m a g n e s i t e , d o l o m i t i c lime- s t o n e and q u a r t z sand s a t i s f i e d t h e s t a n d a r d s w i t h r e s p e c t t o e l a s t i c i t y . The e x p e r i e n c e gained a t t h e G o r k i i paper and bitumen p l a n t h a s confirmed t h i s important c o n c l u s i o n .
I n t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f r o o f i n g m a t e r i a l s , t h e s o f t e n i n g p o i n t o f bitumen must be such t h a t on adding up t o 40% o f f i l l e r s , t h e s o f t e n i n g p o i n t o f r o o f i n g m a t e r i a l would n o t f a l l below 8 5 ' ~ ( a s r e q u i r e d by GOST 10923-64).
The determined compositions o f r o o f i n g m a t e r i a l s may h e l p t o develop t e c h - n o l o g i c a l p r o c e d u r e s f o r t h e u s e o f l o c a l f i l l e r s .
S i n c e d u r a b i l i t y of r o o f i n g m a t e r i a l s c o n t a i n i n g d i f f e r e n t f i l l e r s i s
p r a c t i c a l l y t h e same, l o c a l f i l l e r s l i k e l i m e s t o n e , ground q u a r t z sand, e t c , may b e used i n t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f m i n e r a l - s t a b i l i z e d bituminous r o o f i n g m a t e r i a l s
i n s t e a d of t a l c which h a s t o be brought i n from e l s e w h e r e . The r o o f i n g m a t e r i a l s should c o n t a i n up t o 40% o f m i n e r a l f i l l e r s .
Table I Parameter
7
Density, g/cm3 Water c o n t . , % O i l a b s o r p t . ml/cm3 Chem. comp., % S i 0 2 A 1z0
3 Fez0 CaO MgO Na20 + K20 Loss on r o a s t i n g , % Hygroscopic w a t e r , % Free a c i d s and a l k a l i e s (pH) T a l c T a l c -I
Dolomitic Groundmagnesite 1 imestone sand
Trace
- -
TABLE I 1 o +'a Q v , k O 2 , 2 o o x r j . d Z L C C I F i l l e r o
