• Aucun résultat trouvé

Results of the variability studies in and between the cotton bales produced in Africa

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Results of the variability studies in and between the cotton bales produced in Africa"

Copied!
46
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

Results of the variability studies in and

between the cotton bales produced

between the cotton bales produced

in Africa

Résultats des études de variabilité au

sein et entre les balles de coton produites

en Afrique

en Afrique

GOURLOT J.-P., ABOÉ M.,

LUKONGE E and GOZÉ E

LUKONGE E. and GOZÉ E.

(2)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Plan of presentation

Plan de présentation

p

• Within-bale variability

• Variabilité intra-balle

• Within-bale variability

• Between bales variability

• Variabilité intra-balle

• Variabilité inter-balles

Between bales variability

• Next steps

Variabilité inter balles

• Prochaines étapes

p

• Conclusion

p

• Conclusion

(3)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Plan of presentation

Plan de présentation

p

• Within-bale variability

• Variabilité intra-balle

• Within-bale variability

• Between bales variability

• Variabilité intra-balle

• Variabilité inter-balles

Between bales variability

• Next steps

Variabilité inter balles

• Prochaines étapes

p

• Conclusion

p

• Conclusion

• First: how did we come to

th

t di

?

• En premier : pour quelle(s)

i

( )

ét d

(4)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Results are more or less variable

Les résultats sont + ou - variables

L

i bilit

Hi h

i bilit

(5)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Increase tests => better precision

Plus de tests=>meilleure précision

p

t Sigma When / quand n

t . Sigma n

Confidence interval = When / quand n

=> confidence interval

10 tests

Confidence interval

100 tests

(6)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Agreed international tolerances

Tolérances internationales

Characteristic Commercial tolerances

UHML +/- 0.508 mm UI +/ 1 % UI +/- 1 % Strength +/- 1.5 g/tex Micronaire +/- 0.1 unit Rd +/- 1 %

(7)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Results are more or less variable

Les résultats sont + ou - variables

L

i bilit

Hi h

i bilit

(8)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Variability, tolerances, litigation risk

Variabilité, tolérances, risque de litige

,

,

q

g

L

i bilit

Hi h

i bilit

Lower variability

Higher variability

(9)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Sampling and testing modalities

Modalités de test et d’échantillonnage

Sampling in the bale Sample testing

g

Sample taken in

p g p g

Sample analysis with one replicate of one measurement per sample

Composite testing Cluster testing

1 t

Sample taken in the layer at the top of the bale

1 measurement 1 measurement 1 measurement (a) (b) Various layers in the bale (a) (b) Combined sample the bale

Sample analysis with one replicate of two measurements per sample

Composite testing Cluster testing

2 measurements 1 measurement

Sample taken in the layer at the

bottom of the bale OR 1 measurement 1 measurement 1 measurement 1 measurement 1 measurement 1 measurement (c) (d)

(10)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Iso-variances charts

Graphes d’iso-variance

p

Sampling variance / Variance d’échantillonnage Sampling variance / Variance d échantillonnage

(11)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Iso-variances charts

Graphes d’iso-variance

p

Composite (J’=2; N’=1) Cl t / G (J’ 2 K’ 1) Cluster / Grappe (J’=2; K’=1) Cluster / Grappe (J’=1; K’=2) (J’=1; K’=1)

(12)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Examples of relationships

Exemples de relations

0.8 SigmaA

p

0.7 g 0.5 0.6 0.4 5 J’=1 K’=1 0.2 0.3 3 5

(13)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Examples of relationships

Exemples de relations

SigmaA

p

g 5 J’=1 K’=2 Cl 3 5 Cluster 1 2 4 SigmaE 2

(14)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Examples of relationships

Exemples de relations

0.8 SigmaA

p

0.7 g 0.5 0.6 0.4 5 J’=2 N’=1 C it 0.2 0.3 3 5 Composite

(15)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Examples of relationships

Exemples de relations

0.8 SigmaA

p

0.7 g 0.5 0.6 0.4 5 J’=2 K’=1 0.2 0.3 3 5 Cluster 0.1 1 2 4 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 SigmaE 2

(16)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Examples of relationships

Exemples de relations

0.8 SigmaA

p

0.7 g 0.5 0.6 0.4 5 0.2 0.3 J’=1,2,3,4,5 K’= 1,2 N’=1,2,3,4 3 5

(17)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Conclusion from the 1st study*

Conclusion de la 1° étude*

Taking care of

En prenant en compte

• Situations

• Variability levels within

b l

(b t

l

d

• Situations

• Niveaux de variabilité au

i d

b ll

(

t

bales (between layers and

between repetitions of

measurements)

sein des balles (entre

couches et entre

répétitions de mesures)

measurements)

• Agreed international

tolerances

répétitions de mesures)

• Tolérances internationales

reconnues

tolerances

• Litigation risk set at 10%

for individual bales

reconnues

• Risque de litige fixé à 10%

sur les balles individuelles

(18)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Conclusion from the 1st study*

Conclusion de la 1° étude*

Characteristic Nb of samples b l Type of li Nb of li t Nb of measurements Total Nb of measurements Characteristic

per bale sampling replicates measurements per sample measurements per bale USA Micronaire 2 Compositep 1 1 1 UHML 2 Cluster 1 1 2 UI 2 Cluster 1 1 2 STR 2 Cluster 1 1 2 STR 2 Cluster 1 1 2 Rd 2 Cluster 1 2 4 +b 2 Cluster 1 2 4

Proposition for Africa

Proposition for Africa / Proposition pour l’Afriquep

Micronaire 2 Composite 1 1 1

UHML 2 Cluster 1 2 4

UI 2 Cluster 1 2 4

p p p q

(19)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Plan of presentation

Plan de présentation

p

• Within-bale variability

• Variabilité intra-balle

• Within-bale variability

• Between bales variability

• Variabilité intra-balle

• Variabilité inter-balles

Between bales variability

• Next steps

Variabilité inter balles

• Prochaines étapes

p

• Conclusion

p

• Conclusion

(20)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the

Common Fund for Commodities

Experiment E3

Expérimentation E3

Expérimentation E3

(21)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Sampling for E1 and E3

Echantillonnage pour E1 et E3

g p

Bale n / Balle n

Bale n + 20 / Balle n + 20

No sample taken

Samples taken in 8 layers for E1

E h till i d 8 h E1

No sample taken

Pas d’échantillons pris

Echantillons pris dans 8 couches pour E1 Samples by the cutter method for E3

(22)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Between bales variability

Variabilité entre balles

(23)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Between bales variability

Variabilité entre balles

Sd1 Sd2 Distance Sd2 Sd3 Mean (Sd1, Sd2, …, Sd6) One bale Sd a Sd b Mean (Sd a, Sd b) Two bales Sd X Sd X Three bales … bales Sd X Three bales

(24)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Between bales variability

Variabilité entre balles

(25)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Weighted averaging process

Moyenne mobile pondérée

Bale

y

p

Bale n Bale n+1 Bale Bale n-1 n-2 n+2 M-1 M-2 M D-2 M M+1 M+2 D-1 D+2 D+1 (D M ) + (D M ) + (M) + (D M ) + (D M ) (D-2 . M-2) + (D-1 . M-1) + (M) + (D+1 . M+1) + (D+2 . M+2) D-2 + D-1 + 1 + D+1 + D+2 Value of Bale n =

(26)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Between bales variability

Variabilité entre balles

Results are NOT even accross the bales in this lot

29.00 29.50 28.00 28.50 27.00 27.50 mm 26.00 26.50 25.50

(27)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Between bales variability

Variabilité entre balles

(28)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Conclusion from the 2nd study

Conclusion de la 2° étude

Taking care of

En prenant en compte

• Situations

• Variability levels between

th b l

t

i

• Situations

• Niveaux de variabilité entre

l

b ll

à diffé

t

the bales at various

distances

Agreed international

les balles à différentes

distances

Tolérances internationales

• Agreed international

tolerances

• Litigation risk set at 10%

• Tolérances internationales

reconnues

• Risque de litige fixé à xx%

• Litigation risk set at 10%

for individual bales

• Risque de litige fixé à xx%

sur les balles individuelles

(29)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Conclusion from the 2nd study

Conclusion de la 2° étude

Taking care of

En prenant en compte

• Situations

• Variability levels between

th b l

t

i

• Situations

• Niveaux de variabilité entre

l

b ll

à diffé

t

the bales at various

distances

Agreed international

les balles à différentes

distances

Tolérances internationales

• Agreed international

tolerances

• Litigation risk set at 10%

• Tolérances internationales

reconnues

• Risque de litige fixé à xx%

• Litigation risk set at 10%

for individual bales

• Risque de litige fixé à xx%

sur les balles individuelles

(30)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the

Common Fund for Commodities

Experiment E2

Expérimentation E2

Expérimentation E2

(31)

Diapositive 30

M2 JPG pour bien décrire en anglais

(32)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Sampling for E2

Echantillonnage pour E2

g p

20 bales / 20 balles

(33)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Within-bale variability, season

Variabilité intra-balles, campagne

,

p g

In one situation

Dans une situation

Dans une situation

(34)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Between bales variability, season

Variabilité entre balles, campagne

,

p g

In one situation

Dans une situation

Dans une situation

(35)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Plan of presentation

Plan de présentation

p

• Within-bale variability

• Variabilité intra-balle

• Within-bale variability

• Between bales variability

• Variabilité intra-balle

• Variabilité inter-balles

Between bales variability

• Next steps

Variabilité inter balles

• Prochaines étapes

p

• Conclusion

p

• Conclusion

(36)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Next steps

Prochaines étapes

p

• Ginning practices to be improved

and/or studied in some cases

• Les pratiques d’égrenage

doivent s’améliorer / s’étudier

and/or studied in some cases doivent s améliorer / s étudier

(37)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Next steps

Prochaines étapes

p

• Ginning practices to be improved

and/or studied in some cases

• Les pratiques d’égrenage

doivent s’améliorer / s’étudier and/or studied in some cases

• Use the procedures for

doivent s améliorer / s étudier dans certains cas

• Utiliser les procédures pour les

(38)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Next steps

Prochaines étapes

p

• Ginning practices to be improved

and/or studied in some cases

• Les pratiques d’égrenage

doivent s’améliorer / s’étudier and/or studied in some cases

• Use the procedures for

doivent s améliorer / s étudier dans certains cas

• Utiliser les procédures pour les

validation once at large scale

• All sites will receive a

personalized and confidential

valider en grandeur réelle

• Toutes les usines recevront un

rapport personnalisé et personalized and confidential

report

rapport personnalisé et confidentiel

(39)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Next steps

Prochaines étapes

p

• Ginning practices to be improved

and/or studied in some cases

• Les pratiques d’égrenage

doivent s’améliorer / s’étudier and/or studied in some cases

• Use the procedures for

doivent s améliorer / s étudier dans certains cas

• Utiliser les procédures pour les

validation once at large scale

• All sites will receive a

personalized and confidential

valider en grandeur réelle

• Toutes les usines recevront un

rapport personnalisé et personalized and confidential

report

• Start grouping bales into lots of

rapport personnalisé et confidentiel

• Commencer à grouper les balles

par lots de niveaux homogènes

homogeneous levels … and par lots de niveaux homogènes

(40)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Next steps

Prochaines étapes

p

• Ginning practices to be improved

and/or studied in some cases

• Les pratiques d’égrenage

doivent s’améliorer / s’étudier and/or studied in some cases

• Use the procedures for

doivent s améliorer / s étudier dans certains cas

• Utiliser les procédures pour les

validation once at large scale

• All sites will receive a

personalized and confidential

valider en grandeur réelle

• Toutes les usines recevront un

rapport personnalisé et personalized and confidential

report

• Start grouping bales into lots of

rapport personnalisé et confidentiel

• Commencer à grouper les balles

par lots de niveaux homogènes homogeneous levels … and

• Start getting information on the

par lots de niveaux homogènes … et

• Commencer à regrouper les

g g

(41)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Limitations of the studies

Limites d’études

• Ginning practices to be improved

and/or studied in some cases

• Les pratiques d’égrenage

doivent s’améliorer / s’étudier and/or studied in some cases

• Use the procedures for

doivent s améliorer / s étudier dans certains cas

• Utiliser les procédures pour les

validation once at large scale

• Test procedures for a serie of

seasons as the variability may

valider en grandeur réelle

• Tester les procédures sur

quelques campagnes car la seasons as the variability may

depend on several annual factors.

quelques campagnes car la variabilité est dépendante de composantes annuelles

(42)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Plan of presentation

Plan de présentation

p

• Within-bale variability

• Variabilité intra-balle

• Within-bale variability

• Between bales variability

• Variabilité intra-balle

• Variabilité inter-balles

Between bales variability

• Next steps

Variabilité inter balles

• Prochaines étapes

p

• Conclusion

p

• Conclusion

(43)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Conclusion

Conclusion

• Procedures are available from

the within bale variability study

• Procédures disponibles à partir

de l’étude de variabilité intra

the within-bale variability study de l étude de variabilité

(44)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Conclusion

Conclusion

• Procedures are available from

the within bale variability study

• Procédures disponibles à partir

de l’étude de variabilité intra

the within-bale variability study de l étude de variabilité

intra-balle

• Adjustments may decrease cost

of testing from observation of the between-bales variability study

• Des ajustements peuvent

diminuer les coûts de tests à partir de l’observation de la between bales variability study,

along the season, on several seasons

partir de l observation de la

variabilité inter-balles, au long de la saison, sur plusieurs saisons

(45)

This project is co-funded by the European Union and the Common Fund for Commodities

Conclusion

Conclusion

• Procedures are available from

the within bale variability study

• Procédures disponibles à partir

de l’étude de variabilité intra

the within-bale variability study de l étude de variabilité

intra-balle

• Adjustments may decrease cost

of testing from observation of the between-bales variability study

• Des ajustements peuvent

diminuer les coûts de tests à partir de l’observation de la between bales variability study,

along the season, on several seasons

partir de l observation de la

variabilité inter-balles, au long de la saison, sur plusieurs saisons

• Instrumental classing is

technically feasible in Africa; it

• Le classement instrumental est

techniquement possible en only remains to make it

économically possible on an every day basis

Afrique ; il reste à le rendre économiquement opérationnel dans la vie de tous les jours

(46)

More details in: Plus de détails dans :

ABOÉ M., GOURLOT J.-P., GOZÉ E., HUBLÉ P. and SINOIMERI A., 2011, New Findings on Within Bale

Repeatability of Measurements obtained with

Standardized Instruments for Testing Cotton (SITC) in Gossypium Hirsutum Fiber Produced in West and Central Africa, accepted in Textile Research Journal,

sous presse.

Th

k f

tt

ti

Références

Documents relatifs

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des

The exploration of the within-bale variance of the cotton technological characteristics as measured by SITC is possible with the help of a mixed-model; it will aHow the calculation

EAS generated by primary protons have been developed in the atmosphere using the CORSIKA code [5] with the QGSJET hadron interaction model. In order to reduce the computing time,

Following this, I analyze the use of cognitive framing strategies by interviewees in both of the case studies, also paying attention to how actors make use of emotions and

With respect ta the free-trade situation, the net effects of the pre-CMO regime are thus ta lower consumption in ail EU Member States but type d countries; ta raise the retum

Based on the obtained results we can conclude that considering complete document does not always increase the classification accuracy5. Instead, the accuracy depends on the nature

Abstract – The European project PREPARE (Innovative integrated tools and platforms for radiological emergency preparedness and post-accident response in Europe) aims at closing

In this paper the embedding results in the questions of strong approximation on Fourier series are considered.. Previous related re- sults from Leindler’s book [2] and the paper [5]