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(1)

For that purpose a

piggery

model has been

developed according

to the

principles

of indus-

trial

dynamics.

After the establishment of the

pig production policy

and of the initial stock-list of

animals,

the

piggery

model

gives

every week : number of animals in each

category, purchase

and

sale,

amounts of feed and their

cost,

and every three months a summary of

purchases

and

sales as well as the feed costs.

This model was used to estimate the

profitability

of

early weaning

at io and 2o

days

in

comparison

with

weaning

at 35

days,

as

practised

at

present.

From the data

obtained,

it

appeared

that

weaning

at 2o

days

caused a considerable

raising

of

feeding

costs for the first 60

days

without

giving large

increase of

production.

On the other

hand, weaning

at 10

days

is favourable in

comparison

with the

techniques applied

at

present : however,

its

application,

would be difficult because of the

problems

concerned with

housing

of

the animals and

training

of

specialized

workers.

MODÈLE

DE

GESTION TECHNIQUE

ET

ÉCONOMIQUE

D’UN ATELIER DE PRODUCTION

PORCINE D’ÉLEVAGE

ET D’ENGRAISSEMENT

II.

—

APPLICATIONS

AUX CONDITIONS

FRANÇAISES

DE LA PRODUCTION PORCINE : CAS

D’UN

ATELIER « NAISSEUR-ENGRAISSEUR »

A.

AUMAITRE,

C.

FÉVRIER J.-M.

ATTONATY

Station de Rechevches suv

l’Élevage

des

Povcs,

Centre national de Recherches

zootechniques,

J. N. R.

A.,

.,

78350

Jouy

en

Josas

*Laboratoire

d’Économie

vuvale

École

nationale

supérieure agvonomique,

I. N. R.

A.,

.,

78 -

Grignon

RÉSUMÉ

L’appréciation

des

répercussions économiques

de certaines

techniques nouvelles,

comme le sevrage

précoce,

a été

entreprise

en utilisant un modèle de

gestion

à effectifs fixes.

Des données

techniques

concernant les durées de lactation

( 10 ,

21, 35

jours)

et leur

réper-

cussion sur la fertilité de la truie et

l’augmentation

de la

fréquence

des mises bas ont été récemment obtenues. De

même,

les

quantités

d’aliments nécessaires pour la

truie,

le

porcelet,

ont été estimées

(tabl.

2et

3).

Les

conséquences techniques

de

l’application

de nouvelles méthodes de sevrage

(réduction

de la durée

d’allaitement)

ont été mesurées :

- par la variation des effectifs

présents

selon les

catégories d’animaux ;

- par les

prévisions

de mise bas ;

- par les

prévisions

de

productions

d’animaux.

Enfin la

signification économique

de la diminution de

l’âge

au sevrage a été

entreprise

en

estimant dans un

premier temps

les

charges

alimentaires.

Les

principaux paramètres

mesurés

permettent

de

présenter

un solde trimestriel

(différence

(2)

Vente - Achats

d’aliments)

et de comparer

approximativement

l’efficacité

économique théorique

de 3

âges

au sevrage.

Des travaux actuellement en cours visent à

perfectionner

le

modèle,

afin de faire intervenir les coûts du

logement

des animaux etc. ; et d’améliorer

l’appréciation

des effectifs et de leurs.

variations,

aidant ainsi à la

gestion

des

troupeaux.

SUMMARY

TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR PIG REARING-FATTENING ENTREPRISES

II.

-

APPLICATION

TO A FRENCH FARROWING-FATTENING PRODUCTION UNIT Estimation of economic

repercussions

of some new

techniques,

such as

early weaning,

was

made

by using

a

management

model with fixed stocks of animals.

Technical data

concerning lengths

of lactation

( 10 ,

21, 35

days)

and their

repercussion

on

fertility

of the sow and increase of the

farrowing frequency

have

recently

been obtained. In addi-

tion,

the amounts of feed necessary for the sow and the

piglet

have been estimated

(tables

2and

3 ).

The technical consequences of

applying

new

weaning

methods

(reduction

of

suckling length)

were measured :

-

by

variation of the stocks

according

to

categories

of

animals;

-

by prediction

of

farrowings ;

-

by prediction productions

of animals.

Finally,

the economic

signification

of lower

weaning

ages was studied

by estimating

the fee-

ding

costs, the amonts of feed

being

measured for each group of animals.

Measurement of the main

parameters

allowed establishment of the

quarterly

balance

(dif-

ference between sale and

purchase

of

feed)

and

approximative comparison

of the theoretical economic

efficiency

of 3 different

weaning

ages.

At

present,

the research in progress aims to

perfect

the model

by introducing

new essential

parameters

such as

housing

costs of the

animals,

and

by improving

the estimation of the animal stocks and their variation

resulting

in better

management

of the herd.

LES GRANDES FIRMES

EUROPÉENNES

DE

L’INDUSTRIE

DE

TRANSFORMATION

DU PORC

J.-B.

HENRY

Station

d’Économie rurale,

I. N. R.

A.,

.,

65,

route de Saint Brieuc

35 - Rennes

RÉSUMÉ

Cet

article,

à

partir

d’observations en

Italie, Belgique, Pays-Bas, Allemagne fédérale,

France, Danemark, Grande-Bretagne,

essaie d’une

part

de classer les

principales firmes,

d’autre

part d’expliquer les, raisons

de leur

développement,

enfin

d’analyser

les effets de

Références

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