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Texte intégral

(1)

Vente - Achats

d’aliments)

et de comparer

approximativement

l’efficacité

économique théorique

de 3

âges

au sevrage.

Des travaux actuellement en cours visent à

perfectionner

le

modèle,

afin de faire intervenir les coûts du

logement

des animaux etc. ; et d’améliorer

l’appréciation

des effectifs et de leurs.

variations,

aidant ainsi à la

gestion

des

troupeaux.

SUMMARY

TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR PIG REARING-FATTENING ENTREPRISES

II.

-

APPLICATION

TO A FRENCH FARROWING-FATTENING PRODUCTION UNIT Estimation of economic

repercussions

of some new

techniques,

such as

early weaning,

was

made

by using

a

management

model with fixed stocks of animals.

Technical data

concerning lengths

of lactation

( 10 ,

21, 35

days)

and their

repercussion

on

fertility

of the sow and increase of the

farrowing frequency

have

recently

been obtained. In addi-

tion,

the amounts of feed necessary for the sow and the

piglet

have been estimated

(tables

2and

3 ).

The technical consequences of

applying

new

weaning

methods

(reduction

of

suckling length)

were measured :

-

by

variation of the stocks

according

to

categories

of

animals;

-

by prediction

of

farrowings ;

-

by prediction productions

of animals.

Finally,

the economic

signification

of lower

weaning

ages was studied

by estimating

the fee-

ding

costs, the amonts of feed

being

measured for each group of animals.

Measurement of the main

parameters

allowed establishment of the

quarterly

balance

(dif-

ference between sale and

purchase

of

feed)

and

approximative comparison

of the theoretical economic

efficiency

of 3 different

weaning

ages.

At

present,

the research in progress aims to

perfect

the model

by introducing

new essential

parameters

such as

housing

costs of the

animals,

and

by improving

the estimation of the animal stocks and their variation

resulting

in better

management

of the herd.

LES GRANDES FIRMES

EUROPÉENNES

DE

L’INDUSTRIE

DE

TRANSFORMATION

DU PORC

J.-B.

HENRY

Station

d’Économie rurale,

I. N. R.

A.,

.,

65,

route de Saint Brieuc

35 - Rennes

RÉSUMÉ

Cet

article,

à

partir

d’observations en

Italie, Belgique, Pays-Bas, Allemagne fédérale,

France, Danemark, Grande-Bretagne,

essaie d’une

part

de classer les

principales firmes,

d’autre

part d’expliquer les, raisons

de leur

développement,

enfin

d’analyser

les effets de

(2)

leurs

politiques

sur

l’agriculture

et sur les

petites

et moyennes

entreprises

de l’industrie.

L’auteur montre que divers caractères de l’environnement

expliquent l’inégale répartition

des

grandes

firmes et la faible cohérence de leur

politique

vis-à-vis de la

production porcine.

Une

pla-

nification de l’économie

porcine

à travers les

grandes

firmes de transformation

peut

donc ne

pas se traduire par les effets

escomptés.

SUMMARY

EUROPEAN PIG MEAT PROCESSING INDUSTRIES

In the

present

paper, an

attempt

is made,

firstly,

to

classify

main

pig

meat

processing

units

in

Europe

from observations made in

Italy, Belgium,

Netherlands,

Germany, France, Denmark,

Great

Britain, secondly

to

explain

the reasons of their

development,

and

finally

to

analyse

the

effects of their

policy

on

Agriculture

and on the smaller

processing

units. The author shows that various environmental factors may

explain

the

unequal

distribution of the

large

units and

the lack of coherence in their

policies

towards

pig production. Therefore, planning

of

pig produc-

tion economics

through large processing

units may not

give

the

expected

results.

ÉVOLUTION

DES

LIAISONS

ENTRE LA

PRODUCTION PORCINE

ET L’INDUSTRIE

D’ALIMENT

DU

BÉTAIL

P. MAINSANT A. VIGNE Institut

technique

du

Porc,

Omnium

Éco-Agro alimentaire,

94 -

Rungis

RÉSUMÉ

Les industries d’aliment du bétail fondent actuellement leur croissance essentiellement sur

le

développement

des

élevages porcins

rationnels. Dans ce domaine de

l’élevage,

leur

politique

du

service à l’éleveur trouve un écho favorable à la faveur de la diffusion des

progrès techniques.

Cependant

deux menaces

pèsent

sur cette croissance : le

développement

des

groupements

de pro- ducteurs

qui

tentent d’élaborer les services à la

production

et le

développement,

encore

marginal,

de la

production

des aliments à la ferme. Cette concurrence, tant sur le service que sur la fabri-

cation,

se

développera-t-elle

à moyen terme,

bloquant

ainsi la croissance de la branche ? Les industries d’aliments du bétail sauront-elles infléchir l’évolution ou

s’y adapter ?

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