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Basement wall and floor temperatures

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BASEMENT WALL k ? C FLOOR TEMPERATURES

Y'

J.K.

Latta

PREFACE

Hoarse basements arc i n many instances c o n s i d e r e d Po be p a r t o f the

normal l i v i n g a r e a o f t h e house and as such a r e used a s Living rooms, r e c r e a t i o n rooms, bedrooms, e t c . , a s w e l l as t h e more t r a d i t i o n a l l a u n d r y rooms, workshops and u t i l i t y a r e a s . These upgraded t y p e s o f u s a g e r e q u i r e t h e d e c o r and conifort s t a n d a r d t o be upgraded a l s o . Unfcrrtra~aately some a t t e m p t s t o do t h i s have n o t been e s m p l e t e l y s u c c e s s f u d s i n c e t h e

temperature regime in t h e basement i s n o t t h e same as i n t h e above g r a d e p a r t o f t h e house s w i n g to t h e mass s f e a r t h o u t s i d e .

I t is a l s o b e i n g r e a l i z e d more w i d e l y t h a t a c o n s i d e r a b l e p o r t i o n of

the t o t a l heat Boss %ram t h e house i s l o s t from t h e basement and i n these days o f h i g h and r i s i n g e n e r g y c o s t s it i s d e s i r a b l e t o r e d u c e t h i s as much a s p o s s i b l e . L i k e t h e a t t i c t h e basement i s one @f t h e p a s t s o f t h e house where t h e home owner can i n c r e a s e t h e therrnzl r e s i s t a n c e r e a s o n a b l y e a s i l y , lie

Fs,

howevcr, f a c e d w i t h t h e need t o c o n s i d e r maiay f a c t o r s i n doing so and t o make d e c i s i o n s as t o t h e e x t e n t , t h i c k n e s s and t : q e o f

insulation. Perhaps t h e major d e c i s i o n t o be made i s whether ts i n s u l a t e on t h e i n s i d e a t t h e time o f i n s t a l l i n g w a l l p a n e l l i n g b u t r i s k a g g r a v a t i n g condensation problems sr t o i n s u l a t e on t h e o u t s i d e to r e d u c e t h e s e r i s k s but face some d i s r u p t i o n sf e x i s t i n g l a n d s c a p i n g .

The s t u d y was u n d e r t a k e n i n i t i a l l y with a view t o g a i n i n g a b e t t e r a p p r e c i a t i o n s f t h e magnitude o f and v a r i a t i o n i n t h e temperatures o f basement w a l l s and f l o o r under a v a r i e t y of c o n d i t i o n s . I t was then e x t e n d e d t o examine t h e e f f e c t . on b o t h wall and ground t e m p e r a t u r e s o f i n s u l a t i o n a p p l i e d on t h e o u t s i d e s f t h c w a l l and b u r i e d i n t h e ground.

C . B . Crawford D i r e c t o r , DBR/NRC

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HATlO#WL RESEARCH COUNCIL

OF

CANADA DBYBSIOR @OP BUILDING RESEARCH

DBR INTERNAL REPORT

NO.

437

BASEMENT WALE AND FLOOR TEMPERATIJRES

by

J.K.

I,att,-a

Checktadtry: M.C.B. Wpepr~wed by: C . R . C . Date: May 1933

PWamd far: Record Purposes

Questions a r e askcd from time t o time a b o u t t h e t e m p e r a t u r e s t h a t one might expect t o f i n d on t h e w a l l s and fiotar o f house

'sPascmer.ats, F r e q t a e n t l y , t h e s e r e l a t e t o comfort cnndif io n s f o r tI:e occupant. f x t h i s r c s p c c t , s h c f l o o r tcmperatuso i s o f p a r t i c u l a r i n t e r e s t s i n c e it o f t e n f e e l s s o l d t o

t h e

f e e t arid t o t h e c h i l d r e n who may be p l a y i n g t h e s e , In h o t , humid, summer weather,

condensation on tlie f l o o r i s n o t uncommon. O t h e r q u e s t i o n s r e l a t e t o t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of condensation s c c u r ~ i n g on t h e w a l l s i n

w i n t e r . On an exposed concrete w a l l , t h i s may n o t I-ee p a r t i c u l a r l y

serious because it w i l l d r y up a g a i n when t h e o u t s i d c t e m p e r a t u r e moderates o r t h e Zacm'ldity l e v e l i n t h e basement d r o p s , e.g., a f f c r

the moisture g i v e n o f f b y Ealmndry dryed i n t h e basement has been d i s s i p a t e d . W more s e r i o u s s i t u a t i o n may o c c u r i f c o n d e n s a t i o n t a k e s p l a c e b e h i n d wall psrneling o r i ~ s u l a t i o n a p p l i e d to t h e

(4)

i n s i d e s u r f a c e o f t h e w n l l . In this casc, r o t t i n g

sf

the wood may be promoted.

I n an a t t e m p t t o provjde some Eacta~al information al?oaat suck t e m p e r a t u r e s , t3ermscouples were a p p l i e d t s t h e wall and floor o f a t y p i c a l basement i n February 1970, and r e a d i n g s t a k e n wcekiy until A p r i l

4942.

During

1972, s h e house was extended and modified e x t e n s f v e l y .

Thc

basement was extended b u t t h e p a r t i n which t h e t e m p e r a t u r e measurements had been made isr= % e f t u n a l t e r e d , During t h c changes t o the l a n d s c a p i n g

o~ t h e ssuth s i d e o f t h e house tl~e~rmaoco~aples were buried i n tlae ground and a second s e t o f r e a d i n g s was taken dtrring t h c winters of i 9 7 4 / 7 5

and

1975/76.

FEWST INSTALLATIOK AN12 R E A D I N G S 9940/72

h p l a n view o f t h e ~ s s e m e n t and an elevation o f ehct ~011th wal% i s given i n Figearc 3 , Thermocouples werc ir~stalled a", tile Iscations shown i n

a n attempt tip examinc t h c effects o f d e p t h below grotand, t E ~ c ?rcscncc 07 ahscnce of i n s t a l a t i o n on t h e hirnl1, tErc e f f e c t of a c o r n e r , the effect crf c a r p e t on t h e f l o o r arlcl tlme differsracc. i n a i r t e m p e r a t u r e hctween t h e

f

Poor bcvcl and t h c c e i l :rag. 111 a d d i t i o n , a hygrothermogra~i'rl was inst a1 l e d

i n t h e basenlent t o record t h e a i r tsmgserzture and h u n ~ i d i t y approximately % ft bcBow t h e c e i l i n g .

Rockwool i n s u k a t i o n laad been ,applied t o t h e upper p o r t i o n o f the w a l l s e v e r n l y e n s earlier on approximately 2 / 3 r d s 0% the perimett~ of the basemsent, 3 s sho\~.m. The remainder w a s % e f t n n i n s u l a t a d because o f

d i f f i c u l t access. NomEnal 2 - x 2 - i n . f u r r i n g had hecn fixed t o t h e w a l l horizormtally arad nominal 2 - i n . rackwool i n s u l a t i o n sandwiched between the c o n c r e t e w a l l and 3 / 8 - i n , gypsum board a p p l i e d over t h e f u r r i n g b e ~ w e e n t h e unde-side of tkc f l o r j r j o i n t s and t h e bottom o f tIrc i n s t a l a t i o n .

Insulation had been c a r ~ i c d o v e r t h e s i l l p l a t e and up t h e bisckirag

lwtwecw t h e f l o o r j o i s t s . Eloles were cut in t h e gypsum board i n order t o

place thermocouples on t h e s u r f a c e o f the c o n c r e t e beh'end t h e i n s r r l a t l o n ; t h e s e werc patclaed z f t e r t h c insula~iomm had been r e i n s t a l l e d , A raylo-n;

carpet was laid over a f e l t u n d e r l a y d i r e c t l y osa t h e tile which had been iip~fl14cd t o t h e cor:crete f l o o r slab many yeaass b e f o r e i n tlac n o r t h h a l f o f t h ~ Biaserncnr

.

T h e carpet w;ts 1 i f Led tempo n-;rr 1 I y t o :sl low tlmcrn~ocsuplcs

1 and 3 to he irnst;~ l l c d , iEcnt wns sujrpl jc\:l to tlrc :tort11 h a l f of t h e b:lscmcwt :i~roragh t w o h o t ai P ~ ' e g i s t ~ > r s a t i'!oor l e v c l

.

AclJ i 't i s n ; r 1 hc:lt

was strptil ietf t c ? t h c snutta h ~ i l f by r a d i a t ir)n f r o m t h c ftar.n:~cc and i'rorn ;In ~rravcnted ciothc.; dr~rcp.. ?11@ baserxermt wiindcws wcre s e . 4 ~ 2 c ~ n ~ oi?i.ned e i t h e r i n w i n t e r or st~mmer.

RESULTS

'The temperature r e a d i n g s obtairrsd have been p l o t t e d f o r v a r i o u s groups of thermocouples on t k c w a l l a t t h e samc level, across t h e f l o o r , nnd f o r o n e s t r i n g down t h e w a l l and o n t o t h e f l o o r as w e l l a s the basement a i r teanperatarre n e a r t h e f l o o r and t h e c e i l i n g . These a r e given i n Figures 2 t o 8 i n c l u s i v e as f o l l o w s :

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Figure 2 . 3asement air tsmgeratufe

F i g u r e 3 . 3 i n . below top sf concrete -- s

k l g u r e 4. 2 i n . below o u t s i d e gradc l e v c l F i g u r c 5 . 2 f t hclow outside g r a d e Iewcl

( 2 i n . above boetoni o f i n s u l a t i o n ) F i g t i r e 6. Along bnsc

~f

w a l l

Figure 7. Down w a l l :rnJ o n t o flooas rc:rm- ccbntrc1i~:c o f E~ascnlenr F i g u r ~ 8. Across f l o o r lbcar ces-atrel41:c of basemerst

( a ]

Basement

A i r T e n p e ~ a t u ~ e (Figure 2.1

The temperature below t h e ceiling was some 4 t o 8 F degrees warmer i n w i ? l t c r t h a n t h a t Rear t h e f l o o r . *?his f a i r l y I;rsg@

differential was p r o b a b l y due t o yoor a i r rjrculation i n t h e s o u t h h a l f 0-6 t h e basement where t h e r e a r e nc? w a r m air r e g i s t e r s . 'I'he h o t a i r d u c t s f e e d i n g o t h e r p a r t s ol-P t h s Rousc a l s o .-urn t l r ~ a n g h This. part s f t h e basement under t h e j o i s t s of t h e 1st f l o o r .

(b) 3 i n . Below Top o f C o n c r e t e ( F l g t a r e 3)

Ther~nocoasple Nu. 15 was b e h i n d t h e i n s u l a t i c n near t h e ccntrcline

of t h e wall. No. 4 was on an u n i n s u l a t e d wall 3 f t 9 i n . from t h e i n s i d e c o m e r and No. 5 was a t t h e u n i ~ a s n l a t e d c o r n e r . As m i g h t be expected, because o f t h e s i m i l a r i t y between t h e basement a i r

t e m p e r a t u r e and the mean monthly o u t s i d e a i r temperature ( b o t h b e i n g between 65 and ?@OF), t l a e ~ e was v e r y P i t r l ~ d i f f c ~ e n c e i n tempcratxmres betwcen t h c t h r e e pcairzts durirag t h e s r r m m e r months sf J u n e , JrrLy :rnd iltmgrrst. 111 w i n t c r , 8 0 . 5 (in t h e cornrer) tended t o folIcrw n tcrnr'irr:kturt

patterra similar t o No. 15 (behind 1 i / 2 i r k . o f in.c;ul;ltionS although

t h e coureiation was n o t so closc, En 1972 as i n 1970 and / ? 7 % . Thus owe m i g h t , a s a rorngkt apprsx.imation, say tha: t h e c o o l i n g e f f e c t o f tan o u t s i d e corner was equivalent ea

I

l/2 i n . of insulation on the i n s i d e face o f t h e w a l l . I f one assumes am1 o u t s i d e a i r t e m p e r a t u r e o f O°F, n.

basement a i r tcmpcsrsture o f 6 5 " ~ and r m i d i r e c t i c p n a l h e a t f l o w t l ~ r o u g h t h e w a l l , t h e s u r f a c e temperature of t h e c o n c r e t e can b e c a l c u l a t e d 3 s 3gQF when it is exposed and 8°F when it i s covered w i t h i n s u l a t i o n . 'I'hcse tcmpcrntmrcs arc widely d i f f e r e n t from t h o s e measured d u r i n g .innu:lry and February when tlrcy w e ~ e d ~ o u t 5 0 ° F and 3 5 O I : r e s p c s t i v c l y . 'I'his d i t i h ' ~ ~ j 1 3 1 1 ~ ~ C C P L E ~ ~ bc dldc t o The i r l s u l a t i n g e f f e c t o f t h e snow

o u t s i d c ant! thlc ht.:tt t h : l t is concluc7cd I I ~ P t h e C O I I C T ~ ~ C w ~ I 1. Thus it

is c ~ c : & T ' k i a a t s11c.h s i m p 1 i f i c d t c . i n j ~ c r - ; ~ t a ~ r c g r n d i r n k c a l c i l b n t ions can hc nt i i; k c:iti i rzg cvce? f o r t h c [ml't i ( P I > 01' the w;k 1 i : B ~ C P V C &racle.

Of t h e f o u r t h e ~ m o c a u p l e s i n s t : t k l e d a t t h i s % c v c l No. b , c$hich was on t h e starface o f txn-insx~l:rtcd c o n c r e t e , was -r*ol~gF~Ey

En

1: degrees

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warmer in w i n t e r than

the

other three. There was virtually no

d i f f e r e n c e between thew i n summer. Thermocouple No.

7,

which was i n an u n i n s u l a t e d c o m e r , had a t e m p e r a t u r e similar t o No. 1 7 , whi.ch was

b e h i n d I P I 2 i n , o f i n s u l a t i o n , t h u s confirming t h e resulzs obtained a t t h e t o p of t h e ~ a l % , The small difference in tempcsaturs between thermocoupies Nos. 1% and l 7 can be e x p l a i n e d by t h e p r e s e n c e of a

ralsed sumtcieck outside.

This

wauE$ provide some shade i n summer 2 8

No. 1 6 , t h u s keeping the grosnd sEigk-tEy ~ o r 3 l e - r ~ wherezs 4n winter t h e dead

air

space under

i e

and t h e snow banked a r o t ~ n d and o v e r i t wskaPd act as a d d i t ionaE ialsulatjew

.

(d) 2 f t Below Outside G ~ a d e Levek ( 2 i n . aSove bottcm o f insulatian)

Figure 53

F i v e t81e:rmocauples were i n s t a l l e d a t t h i s l e v e l , O f tltese, t h e s e was r o u g h l y t h e same d i f f e r e n c e bctwcen Nos, 1 9 and 20 under the

insulation near t h e c e n t r e of t h e wall as bet.ween Nos. 16 and l 7 near g r a d s le:1e6. Bresun:.ably, t h i s was date to

the

inflrrence

sf

the stan porch ontsi.dc as di.scusse$ p r e v i o u s l y . Therrnoeanple No. 9 in t h e

uninsulaeed corner was slightly cooler than No. 2 3 under $he

i n s ~ a i a t i o n , T h i s may be due t o h e a t b e i n g c o ~ d t r c t e d

up

the w a l l to

warn No,

2 3 , As f o r the h i g h e r l e v e l s , No. 9 i n t h e corner was 5 t o

7

F

degrees e a s l e s

13

nisg,ter than NQ. 8 on t h e u n i n s u l s t e d w a l l away from t h e c o r n e r , I n t211 s t h e r e @ r n e r , tP'uermocs~~pBe No. 18, wBnieh was up,der

the

t n s u l a t i o n , was the coolest o f t h e s e t k i n g about 5 F degrees

zoaEer t h a n t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g thernoccupEe No, 9 in ,the v.m%nsuEatsd corner; it remained about 2 P degrees c o o l e r i n stammer a l s o , I f t h e suggest is^ t h a t heat was csndi~ieted

up

the wall to ailam p o i n t KO, 20

i s c o r r e c t , i t i s p ~ u b a 3 l e

that

the 6 L f f e r e n c e between points Nos. 18 and 9 weald have been greater had t h e i;qtisek%a"tism been c o ~ t i n a ~ e d furTher deww the w a l l ,

(e) Along t h e Base of t h e Wall ( F i g u r e 6 )

As one wou1& e x p e c t , t h e tepntperatures of a l l f i v e thernnsocse~ples were s l m i l a r ; t h e maximum d i f f e ~ e n c c ke-iang o n l y zboeat 5 F degrees.

She c o r n e r p i n t s , Nos. iO and 14, c o n t i n u e d to be s l i g h t l y cocsler khan &Ere stl~srs, w i t h p o i ~ t Na, 1% dropping ~Eigl~tly 1 3 ~ 1 0 ~ No, 10 i n

win",r [ n o t s s pronounce6 i n I S 7 2 as i n p r e v i ~ u s w f n t e r s ) . 'FTais may have been due t o t h e praserace of a snow-clcclred breezeway at T I ~ R ~ s i d e of t h e housc and %he clearing of some snow a t t h e c o r n e r for access to

t h e rear door sf a garage. Conversely, polnt No. 14 wzs slightly

warxer in summer than b a t h p s i ~ t s Nos. I 0 and l%. T h i s could have been

due

ts t h e shading e f f e c t sf t h e suwdeck menticned previously and

o f some trees in t h e garden t o t h e east of t h e h c u s e , There was a

c o n s i d e r s b l e time Lag i n the c o o l i n g of the ground at this d e p t h , and t h e minixtam temperatuPes a l o n g t h e b8se of t h z l ~ a l l were n o t reached u ~ t i E A p r i l , u c l i k e these at or above g r s d e l c v e l whfch foELowed t h e o u t s i d e a i r temperatures mclre closely, being e o l d e s t i i n Q l a n e s a ~ y o r e a r l y Feehrtnary, Similar% y , the maximam temperatarres a l o n g the base o f t h e w a l l were reael~ed i n A.ugust o r Scptexbes r a t h e r thzw l a t e July o r e a r l y Angust.

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( f j Down Wall and Onto F l o o r Near Centre of Wall (Figtare 7 )

A s one would e x p e c t , t h e p o i n t s which werc furthest below t h c ground s u r f a c e showed a smaller swing i n t e m p e r a t u r e t h a n t h o s e

iaiglaer up. Thc g r e a t e s t r a n g e , from a h i g h o f n e a r l y 80°E: t o a l o w o f I c s s than 30°F was cxpericnced by p o i n t No. $ 5 a t t h e t o p of t h e w a l l belqinck B 1/3 j n . o f i n s u l z t i o r ~ . klowcver, jioirrt No. 1 7 neat- jiroramltt level folkowcd i t v e r y c k o s c l y .

(g] Across FZoc?.e. Near. Ccntrel i n c of Bi;~:;cmc?nt (1:iglar.c 8 )

F l o o r ~ 1 3 h tempcraturcs rcacincd ,i ~ ~ a x i m u m o f betwecn 0 3 a n d 08"1:

in Augrast rand dropped t o Sa~etwee~r 54 arrd G O O F i n R y ~ r i l 01% Pf;ay. I'oint

No. 1, 8 ft 6 i n . from t h e back ~ 3 1 % on t h e ~ ~ n c a s l i e t c d f l o o r , was an e x c e p t i o n t o t h i s ?n t h a t from h c i n g i n g e n e r a l 3grecment w i t h t h e o t h e r s from J u n e to t h e end o f March, i t t h e n d i - ~ p p c d s h a r p l y below them anrd re:rcked s low o f slightly o v e r 5 0 ' ~ i n mid Apri l . T h i s may have been d u e t o t h e presence sf a f l o o r drain a l o n g s i d e p o i n t No. 1, which presumably i s c o n n e c t e d t o the p e r i m e t e r d r a i n and which may bc coaled b y t h e r u n - o f f of melted snow. I n t h e s p r i n g o f 1976 i t was wotcd t h a t 3 c a o l draught of a i r was b l o w i n g up o u t of t h i s d r a i n !

The base o f t h e wall, p o i n t h o . 1 2 , was hunched w i t h a l l t h c o t h e r s i n

August o r September w i t h a spread o f no more tlman 2 F degrecs. It

t h e n dropped below t h e f l o o r temperatures s t a r t i n g i n Kovember reiiching a low a b o u t 5 F d e g r e e s c o s l c r i n A p r i l (except EQP p o i ~ l t No. H which ran 1 F degree idarrner tlnan i t ) . Thcre w s s no n o t i c e a b l e d i f f e r e n c e between t h e carpeted and ~ncar-jrcted nseas sf t h e f l o o ~ , Thc c a r p e t c a n , t h ~ s , $6 s a i d t o act o n l y 3 s i n s u l a t i o n between t h e body and t h e c o n c r e t e slab. I t i s i r n t e ~ e s t i r h g t h a t p o i n t No, 2 , 8 f t (3 inn. from

The w a l l , W:ES CCPOHCI- than p o i n t No. 3 ( 4 it 3 i n . f r s i a t6ac w a l l ) i n A ; ) r i l by a1:naat ,T I' d e g ~ e e s - No cxp'h;knatiorn C ~ I B be oi'fercd f o r ~ I I ~ s .

During an e x t e n s i v e m o d i f i c a t i o n to t h c house i n I 9 7 2 / 7 5 t h e basement was extended t o t h e southwest and t h e second s t o r e y was g i v e n a 4 - f t

p r o j e c t i o n from t h c line o f The s o u t h wail o f t h e o r i g i n a l basement, T h i s projection p r e v e n t e d snow from accunaulating on t h e ground o u t s i d e t h i s w a l l . M a i j e Q x ~ i l d i p l g a p a t i o under t h e p r o j e c t i o n 1 1 / 2 i n . s f foamed p o l y s t y r e n e j a l s u l a t i o n was applird to t h e o u t s i d e o f t h e wall and under t h e p a t i o , .kpproxin~ate.Hy h a l f was 1 a i d horfzontally and t h e o t h e r h a l f a t a s l o p e sf 45" ('::igusc 10). 'PBzernic%coaap$es were i ~ s t a l l e d i n t h e ground a t t h e

foc;lb i o n s st-irswnt i r r Pigalre I l w i t h a view t o c h e c k i n g f o r d i f f e r e n t

tcarqrcxa-iattnrc ys;:tti'e'rrns i n the grorrnd t h a t tnigiat i n d i c a t e t h a t one metlzod o f i n s t ; t I i a t ion) w:as s t ~ p c r i OT t o t h C o ~ J I c ~ , Some o f t h e t11erm0~0up1es on t h e

i n s i tlr tr f tlic co:ri*~-ctc b;lscmcsat w:rl l aucr'c rcused i n t E ~ i s second i n s t n l l : i t i o ~ a . 'I'Elesc tllcr-nlocorap l c s rc t ; ~ ined t lie i r or P fi i nta l n u m b e r s ; e h c oTlser. rteimbrmss wcrc

r e a l l o c a t e > r l t n the r;eh tlackmc~cca~ap l t X ; s ~ r ~ i 9 ivcra ;L p r ianc n o t a t i o n .

TWO g r o u p s out o f t h e tcmg~ertjt aare ~ ~ ; ~ d i n g s asbta i nctl have b e ~ ? ~ p l o t t e d a s folliows:

(8)

F i g u r e 1 2 . Inside surface of

eonsrere

wall

F i g u r e 1 3 , Ground temperatures w i t h t h e different methods

of

p l a c i n g t h e iwsuI3eion

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

(a) Basement Wall Temperatuses (Figure % 2 j

C s q a r i s o w sf t h e v a l s e s p l c t t e d i n F i g u r e 1% w i t h t h o s e o f t h e

first

set

seen

in

Figure 7 s l a s w that t h e added insulation on t h e o u t s i d e of t h e wall r a i s e d the temperature of the concrete above gsade by some 10 to 15 F

degrees.

Two f e e t below g r a d e t h e r i s e i n temperature was reduced to about 5 F d e g r e e s . A t the base

sf

t h e wall t h e effect was n e g l i g i b l e and such differences as $>ere were, wePe i n a b k probability,

more

r e l a t e d ts t h e variations an clin~ate c o n d i t i o n s t h a n t o the e f f e c t o f the insula%ion.

It should be borne i n

mind,

however, whew reviewing these r e s u l t s

t h z t the q u a n t i t y of snow on the ground close t o t h e wall was g r e a t l y reduced

in

the second case.

The

insulating effect of t h e snow was t h u s l o s t and t h e insulation can be credited w i t h greater effect tlran the f i g u r e s would indicate.

(b) Ground Temperatures (Figure 13)

No v e r y pronounced d i f f e r e n c e

was

n o t c d between the rvlo methods

of

p l a c i n g the iwsulatinn, Co~pmparison o f the ground tempe~atu~es 4 f t o u t

from t h e w a l l at a depth

sf

2 ft shewed that the ground was about 3 F

degrees warmar with the i n s u l a t i o n placed h o r i z o n t a l l y t h a n w i t k i t I n c l i n e d a t 4P0, This c o u l d 5 e t a k e n as an i n d i c a t i o n t k a e the heat

flow from t h e basement was sltghtly greater in the fwmer case.

I m ~ e d i a t e k y outside the ;call and j u s t belaw t h e insulation the

ground

was about % F d e g r e e

warmer

w i t k t h e

insulation

i n %he inclined

poslticn,

This

could Se %&en

as

indicating a slight reduction in heat

l o s s at t h i s location.

Bath e f f e e t s might have been greater P f t h e r e had been no

i r s u l a t i a n on

%he

i n s i d e face of t h e wa%% b u t $hers ~ o u l d a p p e a r to be little b e n l a f i t t o be gained by

placing

the insulation at 4 5 O .

It

as p r o b a b l e t h a t cozvenience i n installatio~ t o g e t h e r w i t h possible

e f f e c t s a f g r ~ u n d

freezing and

the requirements of landscaping

will

be

more important i~

d e t e r z i n i n g t h e location o f t h e e x t e ~ n a l insulation

belaw grade.

CONCRETE BLOCK BBSEfdENT WALL

The e x t e n s i o n t o the basement b u i l t i r i 1992 had a concrete b l o c k w a l l , -;he

q p e r

part of whish was insulated OK tire o u t s i d e with 1 l / 2 in, s f

(9)

wall. '1'he temperature i n t h e core space was measured by i n s e r t i n g a mexury

i n g l z s s thermometer i n t o i t t.h~ougI% small h o l c s drilled through t h e n?loTtar j o i n t s , One h o l e was drilled ncar t h c t o p o f t h e w a l l a n J a second OBIC

about 1 2 i n . above f l o o r l e v e l . By j ) o s i t i o ~ - n i ~ l g t h e b u l b o f t h e therrnometcr rlcar t h e o u t e r and irlaler shells s f t h e hLoc16 t h e temperature i n f o u r

pos-Etions could b e o b t a i n e d .

From t h e l i m i t e d a m b e r of rcadia~g:; t a k e n dux-ing . J t a r ~ u a ~ y and F e b r u a r y 1970, it w;it; f o u ~ d t h a r n t

e?ne

base of t l l c w;tEt t h e temperature rcmiained at 52 or 53'F. Ow t h e two o c c a s i o n s ~zrhere ;an). d i f f e r e n c e was 1:otcd hetween t h e

I n n e r and csuteP p o s i t i 0 ~ 1 5 i t w a s found to be 9 / 2 o r 1 I: d e g r e e wan-mca- Ireur

the outside. Near the t o p of t h e wall the temperciture wtis between 52 and 5 7 ' ~ w i t h a 2- or 3 - F d e g r e e temperature d i f f s r e r r c e bctwee~a t h e i n n e r and o u t e r smsitiens. 4n t h i s c a s e i t was c o l d e r near t h e o u t s i d e .

Tn ansther house with n b l o c k w a l l basement and

I

i / 2 i n . c f f i b r e g l a s s irrstaHat2oar i n t h c irlside fronr f l o o r t o ceiling tIac tcmpcratupe i n t h e c s r c space 2 ft ahovc t h c floss and 3 ft below gradc was mneasr~recl ;I? C h r i s t m a s

1975, as 4 0 ° F . ' i l ~ e baseutnmt ternper:eTurc was 70°F and t h e outside air 2OoE',

Snow ; ' ~ ~ - c t ~ r n ~ l a t i o n around tHlc srrt s irlc o f a baserncat can have a

considerable effect irs zccdrrcing t h c h e a t l o s s . ,%dding i n s u l a t i o n h a s a e ~ ~ n e a l a t i v c e f f e c t s i n c e tsy redue i n g t h c outward flow o f h e a t rr g r e a t e r d r p e h

of snow is retained round t h e house, T h i s e f f e c t i s n a t u r a l l y g r e a t c r at

the upper levels w I a e m t h e normal ~ a n i c i i r e c t i s n a l h e a t flow c a l c u i a t i o r z s becamc m i s l e a d i n g . A t Power levels t h e e f f e c t s a r e Pcss p ~ o n o u n c e d 3rd PIC

measurable effect was observed on the f l o o r temperatures from t h t : addition

o f a c a r p e t and u n d e r l a y .

I n s u l a t i o n added on t h e o u t s i d e i s beneficial i n raising t h e temperature o f t h e wall a ~ d t h u s r e d u c i n g t h e danger o f c o n d e n s a t i o n ox it. L i t t l e

E ~ e n c f i t can ? ~ e obtained by p l a c i n g i r ? s u l a % j s n bePow g r a d e a t 4 5 O r a t h e r than

h u r i z o n t r r I by, The locat i o n sf t h i s insulation can the-refera: be d e t e r m i n e d by o t h e r f n s t o ~ s such a s convenience o f i n s t a l l a t i o n , l a n d s c a p i n g and t h e pos.si?>lc c f f c c t s o f f r o s t ~ C : I V C .

(10)

E L E V A T I O N O F S O U T H V6A11

P L A N

F I G U R E 1

OR

I G I N A 1

B A S E M E N T S H O W I N G L O C A ' T I O M O F T H E R M O C O U P L E S

(11)

7 0 6 0 5 (3 4 0 J A N F E B MAR A P W M A Y J U N J U L A U G S E P P O C b N O V D E C 1938 4 0 J f i N F k B M A R A P R hlAY J l i N S U L A I f G S F F T O C T NO\! D E i : F I G U R E 2

(12)

- - -- - - - - -

J A N F E E MAR A P W MAY J b N d U % W U G S E P T O C T M O V D E C

J A B F E B MAW A P R MAY SUN J U L 1 9 7 % B U G S E P T O C i M O V D E C 3 O j e h N F k S MAR W P R MAY JBlN Q R ! G l N A L B A S E M E N T B E h I P E R A T I J R E OF I N S I D E S U R F A C E O F C O N C R E T E W A L L 3" B E L O W T O P O F C O N C R E T E

(13)

3 0 J A N F E B M A R A P R M A Y J U N O R b G B N A L B A S E M E N T T E l v i P E R A T k l R E

OF

C W S l D E S U R F A C E O F C O N C R E T E W A L L 2" BELQV'd G R A D E L E V E L

(14)

J A N F E B MAR A P R M A Y J U N 4 h i % A l l G

S E P Y

O C T N O V B E C

1970

JAN F E B

MAR

A P R MAY 4UN J U L A U G S E P T

O C T

NO%, D E C 1 9 9 1 3 8 J A M F E B M A R A P R MAY S U N

OBI

G 3 N W h B A S E M E N T T E M P E R A T i d i R E OF I N S [ D E S U R F A C E O F C O N C R E T E W A L L 23'"BELQW G R A D E

(15)

T H E R M 0 5 0 i J P C E N e . 1 2

3 0

J A N F E B

M A R

A P R M A Y JBlM

i U %

A U G

S E P T

O C F

N O V D E C

. b B T - -

J A N F E B MAR A P W MAY J U N JUL. A U G S E P T O C T N 3 V D E C

3 0 I A N F E E MAR A P R M A Y JbdN F I G U R E 4 0 8 8 6 ; I N A L B A S E M E N T FEbkWPER&.T:slRE

OF

l N S l C E S U R F A C E O F C O N C R E T E W A L L A L O N G B A S E O F W A L L

(16)

T H E R M O C O U P L E

N o 2 ( i ...'

J A N F E B MAW A P R MAY 5 U M J U L A U G S E Q T 8 C T N O V B E C

I A N F E B MAR A Q W MAY

I U N

J U L A b l e S E P T O C T M O V D E C

J A N F F B MAR A P K MAY dBIk 1 9 7 2 F I G U R E 7

O H

l C l N A i B A S E M E N T T E M P E R A T L I R E O F I N S I D E : S U R F A C E O F C O N C R E T E W A L L A N D O F F L O O R

O N

V E R T I C A L S E C T I O N N E A R C E N T R E ItNE

(17)

PI .> . I

. . . N o . 0 --- K 0 . 2

P C ~ . 1 2

3 0

j A M F E B MAR A P R M A Y J U N JUL A U G S E P T O C T N O V & E @

3 0 J A N F E B MAR A P R MAY i U N J U L A U G S E P T 8 C T N O V Q E C 3 0 J A N F E B MAR A P K M A Y i I B N

OW

i G i N A L BASERPiENT T E M P E R A T U R E O F F L O O R A N D B A 5 E O F CZlAkL

(18)

BASEMENT AIR

A - 1 ' ABOVE FLOOR

OW

I G I M A k BASEMENT, MAXBMUM A N D PJlNlMlZBIM

(19)

E L E V h T I O N Q F S O U T H W A L L

"EGURE

I 0

M O D B F I E B

B A S E M E M T S H O W t

N G L O C A T O B M

O F

T H E R , ' V $ B C 0 b t F J l E S

B W 5 3 6 9 - e Q

(20)

2" "POLYSTYRENE

CONCRETE PATIO S U B S

V E R T I C A L S E C T I O N S T H R O U G i 4 S O U T H W A L L

OF

MOD l F l E D B A S E M E N T S H O W ! NG L O C A T

! O N

O F T I - I E R M O G O U P L E S

(21)

.-~-. T W E R M O C O S P L E N o . 1 5

OCT

M O V

B E C

J A N

F E B

MAR

A %

1 9 7 4

1 9 7 5

4.4

86T

N O V

D E G

J A N

FEE& MAR A P R MODBFI E D B B S E M E N B B E M Y E R A T U R E O F % I " $ S % B E S U R F A C E O F C O N C R E T E

inda~i

O N

v e a r r c A e

s ~ c ~ s o i l i

r c l e m

C E N T R E [ L I N E

(22)

7 0

6 0 I N S U L A T I O N A T 4 5 "

5 0

4 0

hs 0

-

30

3

O C T

N 8 V

B E C J A Y F E B

MAR

A P R

+

4 fx

E

9

74 19

75

bhl 7 0 25 hhd

+-

60

B t LOW INSUUTleN

(k) 4 ' FROM FACE OF WALL

A N D 2 ' 3FhOW GRADE

5

0

48

3 0

O C T

N O V

BEC

J A N

F E B MAR A P R

1 9 7 5

1 9 7 6

F I G U R E

1 3

M & D & F ( E D B A S E M E N T G R O U N D T E M P E R A T U R E S

(23)

F Z G U R E

1 4

M 0 9 1 F I E D

B A S E f v l E N T ,

NiiNBil4UM T E M P E R A T U R E S R E C O R D E D

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